Introduction (1st ppt)

A. Meaning of Art
B. Categories of Art
C. Purposes of Art

A. What is art all about?

➣Etymology
The word “art” is rooted from the 13th
century French word “art” which means
b. Pre-communal or Tribal Artworks
skills. The same root of the following
➙ usually produced by indigenous
words that is equivalent to human
groups or cultural groups that do not yet
creativeness:
constitute a complex human society
or civilization
1. Artificial – made by human
beings
2. Inert – having no skill
3. Artisan – instructor or master of a
human skill

B. Different Categories of Art

1. Anthropological – according to
the culture or country they originated:
Ex:
a. Prehistoric artworks;
b. Pre-communal or tribal works;
c. Asian, Western, Arabian,
Mediterranean, French, Italian,

a. Pre-historic Arts:
➙ refers to artworks that were produced
c. Asian, Arabian, Mediterranean
by a particular culture prior to the
Artworks
development of a system of writing.

Pre-historic Key Characteristics:

1. Simplicity and primitiveness;
2. Depiction of Nature and Animals
3. Symbolism and Ritualism
4. Connection with Daily Life
 industrial revolution and the growth of
the cities.
➣ is somewhat difficult to define
because of many overlaps with other
“-isms.”
➣ However, in its core, expressionism
aims to convey the subjective
perspective of the artist, rather than the
objective reality.

Expressionism Key Characteristics:

1. Emotional Intensity
2. Distorted and Exaggerated
Forms
3. Subjective Expression
4. Primitivism
5. Fantasy

B. Different Categories of Arts

2. Art Movement Movement – We
can categorize artwork based on the art
movements to which they belong.
a. Expressionism
b. Baroque
c. Realism
d. Surrealism

a. Expressionism:
➣ an art movement that originated in
Northern Europe (especially in
Germany).
➣ developed in the early 20th century
and was popular from 1905-1920.
➣ a response to the dehumanizing
and alienating effects of the
b. Baroque:
➣ an artistic style which flourished
from the early 17th century until
mid-18th century.
➣ Baroque style’s influence was
wide-ranging. It has a profound
influence on music, sculpture,
architecture, painting, poetry, and
dance.
➣ was profoundly influenced by the
Counter-reformation and Absolutism.

Baroque Key Characteristics:

1. Shows Movements / Acts
2. Depicts Social Movements /
Religious Activities
3. The Use of Highlights to
Emphasize the Important c. Realism:
Characters ➣ an art style (or an art movement) that
seeks to portray its subjects with the
least amounts of distortion.
➣ emerged in the mid-19th century as
a response to romanticism, the
portrayal of subjects in art in
idealized form.
➣ also seeks to portray the daily life
of ordinary people.
➣ Realist artist usually used their
artworks to address various
economic, social, and political
issues.

Realism Key Characteristics:

1. Accurate representation;
2. Everyday subjects;
3. Keen attention to details;
4. Rejection of idealization;
5. Social and political commentary
d. Surrealism: B. Different Categories of Arts
➣ an art movement that emerged in the 3. According to Critique and
aftermath of World War I. Patrons
➣ Its peak is usually placed between a. High Art and Low Art
the 1920s and 1940s. b. High Priced and Low
➣ Its influence is mostly manifested in Priced
paintings and literature.
➣ was deeply influenced by Sigmund a. High Art:
Freud’s ideas, particularly his ideas ➣ There is no universally agreed-upon
regarding the unconscious mind, definition of high art and low art.
imagination, and dreams. ➣ However, high art is usually
➣ One of surrealism’s most important considered as more serious,
features is to defy reason and logic, intellectual and challenging.
as manifested in their artworks. ➣ is usually associated with
traditional art forms, such as
Surrealism Key Characteristics: painting, sculpture, classical music,
1. Automatic Writing and Drawing and opera.
2. Dreamlike Imagery ➣ is also associated with elite
3. Juxtaposition and Unexpected institutions, such as museums and
Combinations galleries.
4. Disruption of Reality
5. Symbolism and Metaphor High Art Other Key Characteristics:
1. Audience - smaller, more
educated audience
2. Purpose - for aesthetic or
intellectual reasons
 3. Form - more complex and B. Different Categories of Arts
challenging in form 4. According to Artistic Form of
4. Value - valued by critics and art Expression
historian a. Visual Arts
b. Literary Arts
a. Low Art: c. Performing Arts
➣ is considered to be more popular,
accessible, and entertaining. a. Visual Arts:
➣ is often associated with popular ➣ Stimulate us through a visual
culture and mass media. experience.
➣ Include mediums such as
Low Art Other Key Characteristics: drawing, painting, sculpture,
1. Audience - created for mass architecture, photography, film,
audience; and printmaking.
2. Purposes - created for
entertainment or commercial
reasons;
3. Form - more simple and
accessible
4. Value - more popular with the
general public

b. High Priced and Low Priced:

b. Literary Arts:
➣ Refer to artistic expression of
emotions and ideas through the
written language and intended
to be read.
➣ Include poetry, fiction,
non-fiction, drama, and prose.

c. Performing Arts:
➣ Refer to performances to a
live audience that usually involve
physical actions or movements
➣ Include music, dance, and theatre
➣ Four elements: time, space, artist’s
body or physical presence, and
audience

C. Purposes of Arts
1. Recording Appearances
➣ Visual and tangible
representation of objects and
ideas

4. Delighting
➣ Aesthetic purpose of an
artwork
➣ Categorical purpose of arts

2. Making the Invisible Visible

➣ Dreams and visions –
symbolism and surrealism;
➣ Images of gods, angels, and
demons
➣ Events from distant-past or
Far-future;
3. Communicating
➣ Displays, wealth, power and
prestige;
➣ Mass communication of
general interest;
➣ Political point of view; appeal
or persuade
➣ Educate
Visual Arts (2nd ppt) 1. Lines
Topics: a. Types
1. Introduction
2. Elements of Visual Arts
3. Principles of Design
4. Analyzing the Contents of an
Artwork

1. Introduction: What is Visual Arts? b. Functions

➣ creative activity that can be seen
and delight the eyes
➣ fine arts
➣ paintings, mosaic, sculpture,
architecture, drawing, photography, etc.
➣ maximizes the potent quality of
lines, forms, colors, shadows, lights, and
texture

c. Techniques

2. Elements of Visual Arts

1. Lines 4. Color
2. Shapes 5. Texture
3. Forms 6. Perspective
 ➣ Blue, blue-green, green, red-purple,
purple, and purple-blue (most pleasant
hues)
➣ Yellow and green-yellow (least
pleasant)
(Valdez & Mehrabian, 1994)

➣ Green-yellow, blue-green, and green

Before: (most arousing)
➣ Purple-blue and yellow-red (least
arousing)
➣ Green-yellow (greater dominance)
than red-purple
(Valdez & Mehrabian, 1994)

After: ➣ Color stimuli have effects on the

emotional state of the observer,
determined by the hue of a color and all
the three color dimensions as well as
their interactions.
(Wilms & Oberfeld, 2018)

➣ Saturated and bright colors were

2. & 3. Shapes and Forms: associated with higher arousal.
➣ A shape is created when a line ➣ Arousal increased from blue and
is enclosed. green to red.
➣ Form describes a (Wilms & Oberfeld, 2018)
three-dimensional geometrical figure as
opposed to a shape ➣ The valence ratings were higher for
blue than for the remaining hues.
4. Color: ➣ Saturated and bright colors caused
➣ is one of the most important significantly stronger skin conductance
elements of visual arts. It is usually used responses.
to convey emotions and depth. (Wilms & Oberfeld, 2018)

Color and Emotion: ➣ Achromatic colors resulted in a

short-term deceleration in the heart rate,
while chromatic colors caused an 3. Saturation
acceleration. ➣ refers to purity, intensity, or vividness
(Wilms & Oberfeld, 2018) of a particular hue
➣ A hue with little to no added white,
Color and depth: grey, or black has high saturation.
➣ Varying the value
of a color can convey ➣ Adding any neutral hue (white, grey,
a sense of distance. and black) desaturates a hue (or color).
Ex:
Characteristics of Colors: 1. Adding white to red produces different
1. Hue tints of red
2. Value 2. Adding black to red produces different
3. Saturation shades of red
3. Adding grey to red produces different
1. Hue tones of red
➣ is the name of the color itself
➣ is determined on the basis of its 5. Texture:
dominant wavelength. ➣ is the surface quality of an
artwork. It is perceived tactually or
implied visually through different visual
cues.
➣ Tactile characteristic of the
surface of the artwork.
➣ can be perceived tactually (that
is by touching the surface of an
artwork). It can be rough or smooth.

➣ The texture the you perceive

by touching an object is called the actual
or physical texture.
➣ However, texture can also be
perceived visually through various visual
2. Value cues.
➣ refers to the lightness or darkness of
a hue.
➣ is achieved by adding either white or
black to a hue.
 b. Atmospheric Perspective - is
6. Perspective: based on the fact that distant objects
➣ is an element that allows the appear lighter in value and cooler in
depiction of three-dimensional objects color.
on a two-dimensional piece of canvas or ➣ is achieved by manipulating
paper. the value of the colors used.
➣ Express distance and depth ➣ is also based on the fact that
➣ Distant appearance of the objects farther away are less
object detailed.

Linear Perspective - is based on

the principle that parallel lines
seem to converge as distance
increases.
➣ is also achieved by
manipulating the relative sizes of the
objects. 3. Principles of Design:
1. Unity 6. Emphasis
2. Variety 7. Focal Point
3. Balance 8. Pattern
4. Scale 9. Rhythm
5. Proportion

1. Unity
➣ provides an artwork with its
cohesiveness and helps to
communicate the visual idea it
embodies.
➣ is about repetition and similarity.
 a. Unity Through Proximity ➣ Variety is about uniqueness and
diversity.

3. Balance
➣ A work of art can have visual weight,
b. Unity Through Simplicity or impact; these need to be balanced to
achieve a sort of visual equilibrium

c. Unity Through Repetition

a. Symmetrical Balance - If a work

can be cut in half and each side
looks exactly (or nearly exactly)
the same, then it is symmetrically
balanced.

d. Compositional Unity - An artist

creates compositional unity by
organizing all the visual aspects
of a work.
e. Conceptual Unity - refers to the
cohesive expression of ideas
within a work of art.

2. Variety
➣ a collection of ideas, elements, or
materials that are fused together into
one
design.
b. Asymmetrical Balance - The
elements on the left and right
sides are not the same, but the
combination of elements counters
each other.

c. Radial Balance - is achieved

when all elements in a work are
equidistant from a central point 4. Scale
and repeat in a symmetrical way
from side to side and top to
bottom.
 b. Distorted Scale - An artist may
deliberately distort scale to create
a supernatural effect.

5. Proportion
The relationships between the sizes of
different parts of a work make up its
proportions.

a. Hierarchical Scale - refers to the

deliberate use of relative size in a
work in order to communicate
differences in importance.
 b. Subordination Emphasis - is the
6. Emphasis
use of emphasis to draw the
a. Broad Emphasis - can occur
viewer’s attention away from a
when there are multiple elements
particular part of a composition.
within a work, but no one element
dominates.
 a. Motif Pattern - A design repeated
as a unit in a pattern is called a
motif.
9. Rhythm
a. Simple Repetitive Rhythm -
Artists create repetition by using
the same shape, color, size,
value, line, or texture over and
over again.
b. Progressive Rhythm - Repetition
7. Focal Point that regularly increases or
is a tool that artists use to give specific decreases in frequency
emphasis to an important symbol, event, c. Alternating Rhythm - Artists can
or distinguishing feature in a work. intertwine multiple rhythms until
they become quite complex.
The addition and alteration of
rhythms can add unpredictability
and visual excitement.

4. Analyzing the Contents of an

Artwork:
1. Formal Analysis
The process of analyzing the
elements and principles used
by the artist is called formal
analysis.

8. Pattern 2. Stylistic Analysis

The use of repetition in a work of art Artworks also have style, or
usually results in the creation of a specific characteristics that
pattern. make them look the way they
do.
It allows us to recognize that
an artwork was made by a
particular artist.

3. Iconographic Analysis
Identifying and interpreting the
symbolic meanings of the
objects and elements in
artworks often reveals
previously unsuspected
insights into their content.

4. Contextual Analysis
refers to the analysis of the
circumstances, such as
history, religion, and
biography, surrounding the
creation of an artwork.
5. Feminist Analysis
studies the life experience of
women artists in relation to
their work.
6. Psychological Analysis
considers the artist’s state of
mind when creating an
artwork.
 Painting (3rd ppt)
Employs colors from organic
substances, like
oil, or synthetic substances
applying to
various surfaces to represent
any subject the
artist wishes to represent.

a. Different Techniques in
Painting
1. Fresco – paint applied to
wet/fresh plaster

2. Tempera – powdered pigment

combined with egg yolks

3. Oil – application of oil-based

colors
4. Enamel – vitreous substance
5. Encaustic – dry colors
combined with heat-softened
wax resin
6. Watercolor – colored pigments
dissolved in water
7. Grisaille – grayscale colors
8. Acrylic – acrylic paints