steps

are:
TheSolution
Basis
combustion.
complete If moisture
8.0
with Solid
combustion fuel:
Example The
I 7.2.IEXAMPLES7.2 252
the 10.
1. 50%
9. 8.
Proximate following
factor The of burning
rate Excess-air =
At factorAverage
calculation: OXygen
nitrogennitrogen
OXygenOXygen Combustion
In Fuels
and
20.0 ash excess
ultimate FLUE 50% air dry
Determine
products
100-
(8+20) analysis, air,
volatile-matter-fixed examples excess
air. GAS molecular =0.21 =0.27
100 3.76 the
analysis 100 of per
the 28.5 atthe air, volume
kg cent, 250°C ANALYSISillustrate
coalis flue the
theoretical r
usedaiweight
airactual
0.72 = air-dried
is air-dried value (or
converted when gas nitrogen nitrogenOXygen
air air air
t/h, 3 carbon FROM the of mole)
43.5 analysis, of
coal. a principles 4.76.=
Wardha the dry, =1.27 =0.79 ratios
from what FUEL CO,-free
factor
is carbon
the of
daf used?
Assume
the 81.0 valley is the
air-fuel ANALYsIS of
to stoichiometry:
combustion 1.5. air
air-dried capacity coal components
hydrogen =
Ultimate 29.0
4.6 ratio
of
the AND
basis of
the analysis
following by AIR are
nitrogen weight
by air 1.8
multiplyng blower per , SUPPLY
cent,
composition and
sulphur
0.oxygen
6
dat the
0y volume of
10 burns
 Flow Volume 2
Air-fuel Components Flue Assuming 5. 4
Total H,0 N, SO, CO, rate = =
The after
composition Theoretical
requirement.
oxygentotal
Theequation. orThe
gas of
m'/min
482.8 =5.44 =1740 40.44 kmol atomic
weights
ratio analysis mImin500 100 1740 of calculated
combustion
30°C the
combustion
conmbining
by X 3000 X X X
weight fluem'/100 22.4
The weight
(Problem 5
1.ambient 22.4 (stoichiometric) in
includes
X gas values air kilograms
= Amount, kg X X
products CO, as
5.44 kmoi 40.44 30.75 0.01 4.87 kmol 4.76 products supply
2.09 2.72 273250 +
1) temperature, 273250 +273 30 273 523 the
X
+air-dried and
inexcess
4.76theor.O, X 273 case
100 22.4 (flue
each SO,. is are
X Volumecentper
I.5× X producedas coal step air. calculated may
are oxygenconverted
4.76
X m'/100 gas)
X
29100
100.00 76.00
6.73 0.0312.06
capacity
273 30
+ The also be.
5.18 60 are
kg X 273 1 at
-||27 excess
air-dried m/min504 = 250°C
kg given
calculated
final requirement
after into
of air-dried
air analysis)
(orsat analysis kilomoles
Volume
dry centper air-blower and below. deducting
coalfactor
100 3000
100.00 I from
X 12.7 coal of is
mol.
80.2 7.1
X atm
60 the
the the calculated by
wt. 1
of flue dividing
chemical oxygen Combustion
Process
air volume
byconverting
volume per For gas
100-5,18 cent from
100 is of by
per as Remarks given
produced,
cent equations. the molecular
the
L.05Sor fuel
dry, oncombustion
muliply to
dry from
weight
basisTheir 253
the
 254

daf -’ Combustion
Fuels
and

Table for solution of Problem l

Elements kg/100 kg kg/100 kg kmo/100 kg kmol of 0, theoreti kmol /100kg air-dried coal
daf coal air-dried air-dried caly required per
coal coal 100 kg of air-dried coal Co, H,0 SO, N, 0. Total
81.0 58.4 4.87 4.87 4.87 4.87
H 4.6 3.3 l.65 0.83 L.65 1.65
12.0 8.6 0.27 -0.27
1.8 1.3 0.05 0.05 0.05
S 0.6 0.4 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Moisture 8.0 0.44 0.44 0.44
Ash 20.0
Total 100.0 100.0 5.44 4.87 2.09 0.01 0.05 0.00 7.02
Excess 0, at 50% of the theoretical = 5,44 X 0.5 = 2.72
2.72 2.72
N, from total air supplied = Theoretical O, X 3.76 X excess air factor =5.44 X 3.76 X 1.3=30.7
30.70 30.70
4.87 2.09 0.01 30.75 2.72 40.44
 Solution
Basis and discharges
is: and Gaseous Example 3 data ris ash
3. 2. 1. pressure volume CO,
procedure Solution of of is
viscosityLiguiExampl
d e 2
Use 100 4.2
Convert ContentAssume of of Air Total H,0 N, So, CO,Components Flue calculation: the burned fuel:
calculation:
water 4.0 , fuel: fuel
100 flue fuel ven
gas giultimate
the
isC,H of A ratio wiDetermine
th oil
stion the of
(tension the 760 flue
gases analysis in
0.958.or
furnace 20% with
water gas , by the
orsat mm 0.4gases
analysis 100
100 at weight
is (Problem earlier excess84.9% the
analysis 31.89 100vapour
×saturated Hg. CO 400°Cburns
per 60.13 45.25 7.08 kmol kg
5.70 2.00 0.10
of kmol
ations aqueous 29.0, flue
760 Assume hour. problem are fuel carbon,
of and
producer 10.02 air.
in 2)
data the producer
with H, converted oil. gas
vapour The 760 × cent
per as Assume
and kmol complete 12.0, 4.76X
100 100.00 produced Volume
into =4.2 saturated 75.25 11.78 resultsThe is No 11.4% analysis
water gas mm gas 9.47 3.33 0.17
bulate volume CH, isHg. 1.2X followed. change
or gas with complete
aqueous vapour supplied into hydrogen,
gas as
combustion. 2.6
Calculate 29 and
the supplied. 10% =16.0 analysis)
(orsat kilomoles in
per and centperdry air-fuel
at 100.00 Volume the
results cent 83.3 13.0 combustion.
tension) 30°C froma
N, excess 3.7
the basis 3.2%
wet 52.0.
as and The gas flue air (see ratio
shown (saturated) 100-
9.47 tabulated
below.are
of sulphur,
0.4%
at760 steps Ambient dry Convert
produced
30°C holder gas at expression
table Process
by Combustion
the 100 by
on
mmare: analysis, rate multiplying vol. Remarks weight
= to on
page temperature and I.105or
by 31.89 Hg. of vol. per page
multiplying Vapour its 7200
air per cent is Oxygen when a
mm orsat by necessary.
requirement cent as 256)
Hg. km/h
pressure analysis
is 0.and1%
and medium
by
30°C and the The 255
 256

Combustion
Fuels
and

Table for solution of Problem 2

Elements kg/100 kg kmoV100 kg kmol of 0, theoretically Products, kmol/100 kmol fuel oil
fuel oil fuel oil required per 100 kg
of fuel oil Co, H,0 SO. N, Total

84.9 7.08 7.08 7.08 7.08

H 114 5.70 2.85 5.70 5.70
0.4 0.01 -0.01
3.2 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
Ash 0.1

Total 100.0 10.02 7.08 5.70 0.10 12.88

Excess 0, at 20% of the theoretical =10.02 X 0.2 = 2.00 2.00 2.00

N, from toLal air supplied =10.02 X3.76 1.2 = 45.25 45.25 45.25
7.08 5.70 0.10 45.25 2.00 60.13
 Total H,0 CO, Flue Excess
N Total H0N,CH, HCO0, (assume
C,CH_H,) Co,
Flue Air N Components
from
gas requirement gas O,
ComponentcalCombus
csulationns
total at
gases analysis
air 10%
suPplied of
produced (Problem the
=9,750
Nm'=25.85X
/h =25.85 kmol100
215.7 kmol theoretical drygas kmo/
21.5156.7 34.9 = 100.0 52.0 29.0
2.6 25.85 2.6 12.0 0.4 4.0 (Problem 3)
=215.7X = × 3)
XNm/h
38,290=15,530=15,530 215.7 X =
4.76 4.76
cent
Vol.
asper 3.76 25.8S
gaswet kmol
100kmo/
X=1.1 100.0 produced 100.0 49,8 27.8
m°/h kmol/100 9.9
72.7 16.2 × 4.2 2.5 11.5 0.4 3.8
100 7200 1.1X 1.2 X
273 673 1.l=106,9
at
kmol/100 0,1
m'h Nm°/h 100 7200 = theoreticnllykmol0,
400°C 26 required of
kmol analysis)
(orsal Vol. 25.85
5.00 S.7513.90 1.20
at Nm'/h kmol 100.0 per
and 400°C gas 80.7
1.3 18.0 cent
760 or gas dry 34.9 34.9 27.8 CO,
and Nm'/100 2.5 0.8 3.8
mm or
Nm'/100 Convert
vol.
760 9,9100 knol
100 per
mm 2.6 2.6 0, Process
Nm' cent vol. ofCombustion
1.110or combustlon
gas Nm dry per Remarks 156.7 106.9 49.8 49.8 N
cent
by
ga multiplying as products
produced 21.5 21.5 4.2 5.0 |1.5 0.8 H,0

by 215.7 106.9 106.2 49.8 27.8 Total

to 2.6 4.2 7.5 |15 I.6 3.8 257