COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT EM 440 ~ HEAT ENGINES AND THERMODYNAMICS IT SESSIONAL EXAM MAY 2017 ‘Time: Three (3) Hours Closed Book Instructions 1. Answer Question 1 and any other one in Section A. Answer Question 4 and any other one in Section B. i ns; 2. Illustrate your answers with suitable diagrams where necessary and show all essential working equations. Failure to do so will be penalized. 3. Include units with your solutions, if applicable. 4, Underline your answers. 5. Each question carries marks as indicated. SECTION Question 1 (Compulsory) Vehicular emissions fall into three (3) categories. Mertion the three categories and explain each one of them and how itis controllegy « - (20 marks) aan ¢ (i) What are the various comporerits to-be Tubricated in an engine and explain how it is accomplished? {20 marks} (ji) Mention the various parameters which affect tre engine heat transfer and explain their effect. [20 marks} Question 3 (il) What are the important requirements of the high voltage ignition source for the spark ignition process? [10 marks} (iv) Mention the two modern ignition systems and explain how any one of ther works with help of the circuit diagram. [10 marks)F Y QUESTION4 — (Compulsory) SECTION B An eight-cylinder Toyota Staut engine of 85.7 mm bore and 82.5 mm stroke with a Compression ratio of 7 ts tested at 4000 rpm on a dynamometer, which has 2 0.5335 tm arm. During a 10 minutes test at a dynamometer scale beam readingot400N, 455 9 of gasoline for which the heating valve is 46,000 k3/kg are burt, and ar at 294 ¥ and 10 x 10° N/m is supplied to the carburettor at the rate of 5.44 kg per min. Find (2) the BP delivered, (b) the BMEP (c) the BSFC, (d) the specific zie consumption, (e) the brake thermal efficiency, (f) the volumetric efficiency, and (g) the fost ratio, (35 mars] IESTION wy ye % 4 A diesel ol fuel has the folowing gravimetric analysis: Carbon 84%, hydrogen 12%, sulphur 1.5% and oxygen 1.5%. The remainder being incombustble, estate the ‘minimum weight of air required for complete combustion of ane kg of the fuel. if 20 kg of air is supplied per kg of fuel, estimate the percentage composition by volume Of the dry flue gases, which would be detected by an Orsat apparatus. If for the same air supply, 4% carbon in the fuel is burnt to form carbon monczide, calculate the percentage of volume of C02 now present in the dry exhaust gas. [25 marks} QUESTION 6 A four stroke limited pressure cycle engine operates on 10 litres of air at 1 bar and 300 K per cycle. The addition of heat at constant volume is adjusted for a maximum Pressure in the cycle of 70 bar. The heat addition at constant pressure continues for 5 % of the stroke. Calculate (0) pressure ratio a and cutoff ratio p, (i) heat added I cycle, (iipheat rejectedjeycle, (iv) work done per cycle, (v) thermal efficiency, and (1) indicated power developed if engine runs at 1200 rpm. ‘Assume: Co = 1 KW/kg K and ¥ = 1.4 (25 marks] QUESTION 7 A six cylinder diesel engine produces 100 kW at 1500 rpm. The specific fuel consumption of the engine is 0.3 kg/kW h. Each cylinder has a separate fuel pump, injector and pipe line. At the beginning of effective plunger stroke of one fuel pump, the fuel in the pump barrel is 4 cc, fuel inside the injector is 2 cc and fuel in the pipe line is 3 cc. If the average injector pressure is 300 bar and average pressure of 3° charge during injection is 40 bar, calculate the displacement volume of one plunger ¢” per cyele and power lost in pumping fuel to the engine (forall cylinders). Spectic {gravity of uel is 0.9 and the fuel enter the pump barrel at 1 bar. Coefficient of compressibility of fuel may be taken as 60 x 10° per bar. [25 marks) age get a” ite eile. ee ial er i