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Lesson-Other Discrete Probability Distribution

The document discusses various discrete probability distributions, including uniform, Bernoulli, binomial, hypergeometric, and Poisson distributions, detailing their probability mass functions (pmf), means, variances, and standard deviations. It provides examples and quizzes to illustrate the application of these distributions in different scenarios, such as rolling dice, tossing coins, and drawing cards. Additionally, it includes formulas for calculating the mean, variance, and standard deviation for each distribution type.

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jiminasijan95
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11 views

Lesson-Other Discrete Probability Distribution

The document discusses various discrete probability distributions, including uniform, Bernoulli, binomial, hypergeometric, and Poisson distributions, detailing their probability mass functions (pmf), means, variances, and standard deviations. It provides examples and quizzes to illustrate the application of these distributions in different scenarios, such as rolling dice, tossing coins, and drawing cards. Additionally, it includes formulas for calculating the mean, variance, and standard deviation for each distribution type.

Uploaded by

jiminasijan95
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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If the random variable X assumes equally values

𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3,… 𝑥𝑛, that are equally likely, then it has a discrete


1
uniform distribution. The probability of any outcome 𝑥𝑖 𝑖𝑠 .
𝑛
The Bernoulli distribution is a probability distribution of
a random variable X with only two possible outcomes, 1 and
0, as success and failure. If the probability of failure is
𝑞 =1−𝑝
The Bernoulli distribution has the following pmf:
𝑝 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 1
𝑃(𝑥) = { 1 − 𝑝 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
Where:
p = probability of success 1-p = probability of failure
A random variable X follows a binomial distribution,
denoted by 𝑋~𝐵𝑖 (𝑛, 𝑝) if the pmf of X is given by:

𝑛 𝑥 𝑛−𝑥 𝑛!
𝑃 (𝑥 ) = ( ) 𝑝 𝑞 = 𝑝 𝑥 𝑞 𝑛−𝑥
𝑥 𝑥! (𝑛 − 𝑥 )!
For x=0,1,2,…n
Where:
𝑛 = 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠
𝑥 = 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠
𝑝 = 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠
𝑞 = 1 − 𝑝 = 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒
𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠
Example #1
Throwing a fair die, what are possible outcomes
and its corresponding probability?
a. Construct a probability distribution of a random
variable x which represent the possible outcomes
and its graphical form.
b. Computes its mean, variance and standard
deviation.
Example #2
Find the probability of getting a 4 in a single toss of
a die. Calculate its mean, variance and standard
deviation.
Example #3VGB
Find the probability of tossing a fair coin four times,
where there appears (a)4 heads (b) at least 1 head.
Formulas:
Mean Variance SD
(𝝁) (𝝈𝟐 ) (𝝈)

Discrete 𝑁+1 𝑁2 − 1
Uniform
𝑁2 − 1
√
Distribution 2 12 12

Bernoulli 𝑝 𝑝𝑞 𝑜𝑟 𝑝(1 − 𝑝) √𝑝𝑞 𝑜𝑟 √𝑝(1 − 𝑝)


Binomial 𝑛𝑝 𝑛𝑝𝑞 √𝑛𝑝𝑞
Quiz:
Find the mean, variance and
standard deviation of the given
below:

x 1 0
P(x) 1/4 3/4
𝑛 = 75 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝 = 0.35
A random variable X follows a hypergeometric
distribution, denoted by 𝑿~𝑯𝒚𝒑 (𝒏, 𝑵, 𝒌) if the pmf is given
by:
Example #1
There are 6 white balls and 34 blue balls
in the basket. If you draw 8 balls from the
basket without replacement, what is the
probability that exactly 3 of the 8 balls are
white?
Example #2
Let X be the hypergeometric random
variable with N=12, n=3 and k=5
a. Calculate P(2)
b. Calculate the mean, variance and standard
deviation.
Quiz:
If 6 cards to be chosen at
random without replacement
from a standard deck of 52
playing cards, what is the
probability that 4 will the
hearts?
Another discrete random
variable that has numerous practice
application is the Poisson distribution
which was developed by the French
mathematician Simeon Denis Poisson
(1781-1840). The Poisson distribution is
employed when occurrences (usually
rare events such as accidents) are
randomly distributed in space and
time.
A discrete random variable X follows a Poisson distribution,
denoted by 𝑋~𝑃𝑜 (𝜇), if it has a pmf given below.
𝑥 −𝜇
𝜇 𝑒
𝑃(𝑥 ) = 𝑥0,1,2, …
𝑥!
Where:
𝜇 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑛
𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 𝑜𝑓𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒
𝑒 = 2.71828 𝜇 = 𝐸 (𝑋) = 𝑛𝑝
𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑝 = 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠
Formula for:
Mean : 𝜇 = 𝐸 (𝑋) = 𝑛𝑝
2
Variance: 𝜎 = 𝜇

Standard Deviation: 𝜎 = √𝜇

Example #1
The average number of cell phones sold by
a store at Greenhills Shopping Center is three
per day. What is the probability that exactly 4
cell phones will be sold tomorrow?
c. Quiz:

Example #2
The average number of traffic accidents on
a certain intersection in Manila is two per
month.
a. Find the probability that zero accidents
happen on that certain intersection in a one-
month period.
b. Find the probability that at most four
accidents occur on that intersection in a 2-
month period.
Quiz:
In a certain intersection,
an average of four traffic
accidents occur per month. Find
the probability that in any
given month, exactly 6
accidents will occur?

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