COMPLEX NUMBER

EXERCISE–I
Q.1 Simplify and express the result in the form of a + bi :
2
 4i 3  i  3  2i 3  2i
(a) i (9 + 6 i) (2  i)1 (b)  
 (c) 
 2i  1  2  5i 2  5i

(d)
2  i 2 
2  i 2
(e) i   i
2i 2i
Q.2 Find the modulus , argument and the principal argument of the complex numbers.

 10   10 
(i) z = 1 + cos   + i sin  9  (ii) (tan1 – i)2
 9   

5  12i  5  12i i 1
(iii) z = (iv)  2  2
5  12i  5  12i i 1  cos   sin
 5  5
Q.3 Given that x, y  R, solve :
x y 5  6i
(a) (x + 2y) + i (2x  3y) = 5  4i 
(b) 
1  2i 3  2i 8i  1
(c) x²  y²  i (2x + y) = 2i (d) (2 + 3i) x²  (3  2i) y = 2x  3y + 5i
(e) 4x² + 3xy + (2xy  3x²)i = 4y²  (x2/2) + (3xy  2y²)i

Q.4(a) Let Z is complex satisfying the equation, z2 – (3 + i)z + m + 2i = 0, where m  R.

Suppose the equation has a real root, then find the value of m.
(b) a, b, c are real numbers in the polynomial, P(Z) = 2Z4 + aZ3 + bZ2 + cZ + 3
If two roots of the equation P(Z) = 0 are 2 and i, then find the value of 'a'.

Q.5(a) Find the real values of x & y for which z1 = 9y2  4  10 i x and
z2 = 8y2  20 i are conjugate complex of each other.
(b) Find the value of x4  x3 + x2 + 3x  5 if x = 2 + 3i

Q.6 Solve the following for z :

(a) z2 – (3 – 2 i)z = (5i – 5) (b) z+ z = 2 + i

Q.7(a) If i Z3 + Z2  Z + i = 0, then show that | Z | = 1.

z1  2 z 2
(b) Let z1 and z2 be two complex numbers such that = 1 and | z2 |  1, find | z1 |.
2  z1z 2
z  z1 
(c) Let z1 = 10 + 6i & z2 = 4 + 6i. If z is any complex number such that the argument of, is , then
z  z2 4
prove that z  7  9i= 3 2 .

Q.8 Show that the product,

2
  1i 2n 
  1i    1i     1i 
2 2

1 2  1 2   1 2  ......1  

  1 
            2   is equal to  1  2 n  (1+ i) where n  2 .
    2

P. No. 8
Q.9 Let a & b be complex numbers (which may be real) and let,
Z = z3 + (a + b + 3i) z2 + (ab + 3 ia + 2 ib  2) z + 2 abi  2a.
(i) Show that Z is divisible by, z + b + i.
(ii) Find all complex numbers z for which Z = 0.
(iii) Find all purely imaginary numbers a & b when z = 1 + i and Z is a real number.
Q.10 Interpret the following locii in z  C.
 z  2i 
(a) 1 < z  2i < 3 (b) Re    4 (z  2i)
iz 2
(c) Arg (z + i)  Arg (z  i) = /2 (d) Arg (z  a) = /3 where a = 3 + 4i.

Q.11 Prove that the complex numbers z1 and z2 and the origin form an isosceles triangle with vertical angle
2/3 if z12  z 22  z1 z 2  0 .

Q.12 P is a point on the Aragand diagram. On the circle with OP as diameter two points Q & R are taken such
that  POQ =  QOR = . If ‘O’ is the origin & P, Q & R are represented by the complex numbers
Z1 , Z2 & Z3 respectively, show that : Z22 . cos 2  = Z1 . Z3 cos².
Q.13 Let z1, z2, z3 are three pair wise distinct complex numbers and t1, t2, t3 are non-negative real numbers
such that t1 + t2 + t3 = 1. Prove that the complex number z = t1z1 + t2z2 + t3z3 lies inside a triangle with
vertices z1, z2, z3 or on its boundry.
Q.14 If a CiS  , b CiS  , c CiS  represent three distinct collinear points in an Argand's plane, then prove
the following :
(i)  ab sin () = 0.
(ii) (a CiS ) b 2  c2  2bc cos(  ) ± (b CiS ) a 2  c 2  2ac cos(   )
 (c CiS ) a 2  b 2  2ab cos(  ) = 0.

Q.15 Find all real values of the parameter a for which the equation
(a  1)z4  4z2 + a + 2 = 0 has only pure imaginary roots.
Q.16 Let A  z1 ; B  z2; C  z3 are three complex numbers denoting the vertices of an acute angled triangle.
If the origin ‘O’ is the orthocentre of the triangle, then prove that
z1 z2 + z1 z2 = z2 z3 + z2 z3 = z3 z1 + z3 z1
hence show that the  ABC is a right angled triangle  z1 z2 + z1 z2 = z2 z3 + z2 z3 = z3 z1 + z3 z1 = 0
Q.17 If the complex number P(w) lies on the standard unit circle in an Argand's plane and
z = (aw+ b)(w – c)–1 then, find the locus of z and interpret it. Given a, b, c are real.
Q.18(a) Without expanding the determinant at any stage , find K R such that
4i 8  i 4  3i
 8  i 16i i has purely imaginary value.
 4  Ki i 8i
(b) If A, B and C are the angles of a triangle

e 2iA eiC e iB
D= e
iC
e  2iB eiA where i = 1
eiB e iA e  2iC

P. No. 9
 then find the value of D.
Q.19 If w is an imaginary cube root of unity then prove that :
(a) (1  w + w2) (1  w2 + w4) (1  w4 + w8) ..... to 2n factors = 22n .
(b) If w is a complex cube root of unity, find the value of
(1 + w) (1 + w2) (1 + w4) (1 + w8) ..... to n factors .
n
 1  sin   i cos    n   n 
Q.20 Prove that   = cos  2  n  + i sin  2  n  . Hence deduce that
 1  sin   i cos      
5 5
    
1  sin  i cos  + i 1  sin  i cos  = 0
 5 5  5 5
Q.21 If cos (  ) + cos (  ) + cos (  ) =  3/2 then prove that :
(a)  cos 2 = 0 =  sin 2 (b)  sin (+ ) = 0 =  cos (+ )
(c)  sin2  =  cos2  = 3/2 (d)  sin 3 = 3 sin (+ + )
(e)  cos 3 = 3 cos (+ + )
(f) cos3 (+ ) + cos3 (+ ) + cos3 (+ ) = 3 cos (+ ) . cos (+ ) . cos (+ ) where R.

Q.22 Resolve Z5 + 1 into linear & quadratic factors with real coefficients. Deduce that : 4·sin  ·cos = 1.
10 5

Q.23 If x = 1+ i 3 ; y = 1  i 3 & z = 2 , then prove that xp + yp = zp for every prime p > 3.

Q.24 If the expression z5 – 32 can be factorised into linear and quadratic factors over real coefficients as
(z5 – 32) = (z – 2)(z2 – pz + 4)(z2 – qz + 4) then find the value of (p2 + 2p).
Q.25(a) Let z = x + iy be a complex number, where x and y are real numbers. Let A and B be the sets defined by
A = {z | | z |  2} and B = {z | (1 – i)z + (1 + i) z  4}. Find the area of the region A  B.
1
(b) For all real numbers x, let the mapping f (x) = , where i =  1 . If there exist real number
xi
a, b, c and d for which f (a), f (b), f (c) and f (d) form a square on the complex plane. Find the area of
the square.
EXERCISE–II
p q r
Q.1 If q r p  0 ; where p , q , r are the moduli of nonzero complex numbers u, v, w respectively,,
r p q
2
w  w u
prove that, arg = arg   .
v  v u 
Q.2 The equation x3 = 9 + 46i where i =  1 has a solution of the form a + bi where a and b are integers.
Find the value of (a3 + b3).
Q.3 Show that the locus formed by z in the equation z3 + iz = 1 never crosses the co-ordinate axes in the
 Im( z)
Argand’s plane. Further show that |z| =
2 Re( z) Im( z)  1
Q.4 If  is the fifth root of 2 and x =  + 2, prove that x5 = 10x2 + 10x + 6.
Q.5 Prove that , with regard to the quadratic equation z2 + (p + ip) z + q + iq = 0
where p , p, q , q are all real.
(i) if the equation has one real root then q 2  pp  q + qp 2 = 0 .

P. No. 10
 (ii) if the equation has two equal roots then p2  p2 = 4q & pp = 2q .
State whether these equal roots are real or complex.
Q.6 If the equation (z + 1)7 + z7 = 0 has roots z1, z2, .... z7, find the value of
7 7
(a)  Re( Zr ) and (b)  Im( Zr )
r 1 r 1

Q.7 Find the roots of the equation Zn = (Z + 1)n and show that the points which represent them are collinear
on the complex plane. Hence show that these roots are also the roots of the equation
2 2
 m  2  m 
 2 sin  Z +  2 sin  Z + 1 = 0.
 n   n 
Q.8 Dividing f(z) by z  i, we get the remainder i and dividing it by z + i, we get the remainder
1 + i. Find the remainder upon the division of f(z) by z² + 1.
Q.9 Let z1 & z2 be any two arbitrary complex numbers then prove that :

z1 + z2 
1
 | z1 |  | z 2 |  z1  z 2 .
2 | z1 | | z 2 |

Q.10 If Zr, r = 1, 2, 3, ......... 2m, m  N are the roots of the equation

2m
1
Z2m + Z2m-1 + Z2m-2 + ............. + Z + 1 = 0 then prove that r1 Z  1 =  m
r

Q.11 If (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x² + .... + Cn xn (n  N), prove that :

1  n 1 n 1  n 1 n
(a) C0 + C4 + C8 + .... = 2  2 n / 2 cos (b) C1 + C5 + C9 + .... = 2  2 n / 2 sin
2  4  2  4 

1  n 1 n 1  n 1 n
(c) C2 + C6 + C10 + ..... = 2  2 n / 2 cos (d) C3 + C7 + C11 + .... = 2  2 n / 2 sin
2  4  2  4 

1  n n
(e) C0 + C3 + C6 + C9 + ........ = 2  2 cos 3 
3  

Q.12 Let z1 , z2 , z3 , z4 be the vertices A , B , C , D respectively of a square on the Argand diagram

taken in anticlockwise direction then prove that :
(i) 2z2 = (1 + i) z1 + (1 i)z3 & (ii) 2z4 = (1 i) z1 + (1 + i) z3
n

Q.13 Show that all the roots of the equation  1  i x   1  i a a  R are real and distinct.
1  ix 1  ia

Q.14 Prove that:

x  n  2
(a) cos x + nC1 cos 2x + nC2 cos 3x + ..... + nCn cos (n + 1) x = 2n . cosn . cos  x
2  2 

x  n  2
(b) sin x + nC1 sin 2x + nC2 sin 3x + ..... + nCn sin (n + 1) x = 2n . cosn . sin  x
2  2 

       2n 
(c) cos  2   + cos  4   + cos  6   + ..... + cos  1
 =  When n  N.
 2 n  1  2 n  1  2 n  1  2 n  1 2

Q.15 Show that all roots of the equation a0zn + a1zn – 1 + ...... + an – 1z + an = n,

P. No. 11
 n 1
where | ai |  1, i = 0, 1, 2, .... , n lie outside the circle with centre at the origin and radius .
n
Q.16 The points A, B, C depict the complex numbers z1 , z2 , z3 respectively on a complex plane & the angle
1
B & C of the triangle ABC are each equal to (    ) . Show that
2

(z2  z3)² = 4 (z3  z1) (z1  z2) sin2 .
2
2 2 2
A1 A2 An
Q.17 Show that the equation   ......  = k has no imaginary root, given that:
x  a1 x  a 2 x  an
a1 , a2 , a3 .... an & A1, A2, A3 ..... An, k are all real numbers.

a b c
Q.18 Let a, b, c be distinct complex numbers such that = = = k. Find the value of k.
1 b 1 c 1 a
Q.19 Let ,  be fixed complex numbers and z is a variable complex number such that,
2 2
z   + z   = k.
Find out the limits for 'k' such that the locus of z is a circle. Find also the centre and radius of the circle.
Q.20 C is the complex number. f : C  R is defined by f (z) = | z3 – z + 2|. What is the maximum value of f on
the unit circle | z | = 1?

Q.21 Let f (x) = log cos 3x (cos 2 i x ) if x  0 and f (0) = K (where i =  1 ) is continuous at x = 0 then find
the value of K. Use of L Hospital’s rule or series expansion not allowed.

Q.22 If z1 , z2 are the roots of the equation az2 + bz + c = 0, with a, b, c > 0 ; 2b2 > 4ac > b2 ;
z1  third quadrant ; z2  second quadrant in the argand's plane then, show that
1/ 2
 z1   b2 
 
arg  z  = 2cos 
–1 
4 ac 
 2  

Q.23 Find the set of points on the argand plane for which the real part of the complex number
(1 + i) z2 is positive where z = x + iy , x, y  R and i = 1 .

Q.24 If a and b are positive integer such that N = (a + ib)3 – 107i is a positive integer. Find N.
Q.25 If the biquadratic x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0 (a, b, c, d  R) has 4 non real roots, two with sum
3 + 4i and the other two with product 13 + i. Find the value of 'b'.

EXERCISE–III
p
32  10  2q 2q  
Q.1 Evaluate:  (3 p  2)    sin 11  i cos 11   . [REE '97, 6]
p 1  q 1 
Q.2(a) Let z1 and z2 be roots of the equation z2 + pz + q = 0 , where the coefficients p and q may be
complex numbers. Let A and B represent z1 and z2 in the complex plane. If AOB =  0 and

OA = OB, where O is the origin . Prove that p2 = 4 q cos2   . [JEE '97 , 5]
 2

P. No. 12
 n 1
2k n
(b) Prove that  (n  k) cos
n
=
2
where n  3 is an integer . [JEE '97, 5]
k 1

Q.3(a) If  is an imaginary cube root of unity, then (1 +   2)7 equals

(A) 128 (B)  128 (C) 1282 (D)  1282
13
(b) The value of the sum  i n  i n 1  , where i = 1 , equals
n 1
(A) i (B) i  1 (C)  i (D) 0 [JEE' 98, 2 + 2 ]
Q.4 Find all the roots of the equation (3z  1)4 + (z  2)4 = 0 in the simplified form of a + ib.
[REE ’98, 6 ]
334 365
 1 i 3  1 i 3
Q.5(a) If i = 1 , then 4 + 5     + 3     is equal to :
 2 2   2 2 
(A) 1  i 3 (B)  1 + i 3 (C) i 3 (D)  i 3
2 2
(b) For complex numbers z & , prove that, z   z = z  if and only if,
z =  or z  = 1 [JEE '99, 2 + 10 (out of 200)]
2i 20
Q.6 If  = e 7 and f(x) = A0 +  Ak xk, then find the value of,
k 1
f(x) + f(x) + ...... + f(6x) independent of  . [REE '99, 6]

 1 1 1 
Q.7(a) If z1 , z2 , z3 are complex numbers such that z1 = z2 = z3 =     = 1, then
 z1 z 2 z 3 
z1 + z2 + z3 is :
(A) equal to 1 (B) less than 1 (C) greater than 3 (D) equal to 3

(b) If arg (z) < 0 , then arg ( z)  arg (z) =

 
(A)  (B)  (C)  (D)
2 2
[ JEE 2000 (Screening) 1 + 1 out of 35 ]
2 2
Q.8 Given , z = cos 2 n  1 + i sin , 'n' a positive integer, find the equation whose roots are,
2n  1
 = z + z3 + ...... + z2n  1 &  = z2 + z4 + ...... + z2n .
[ REE 2000 (Mains) 3 out of 100 ]
z1  z 3 1  i 3
Q.9(a) The complex numbers z1, z2 and z3 satisfying  are the vertices of a triangle which is
z2  z3 2
(A) of area zero (B) right-angled isosceles
(C) equilateral (D) obtuse – angled isosceles

(b) Let z1 and z2 be nth roots of unity which subtend a right angle at the origin. Then n must be of the form
(A) 4k + 1 (B) 4k + 2 (C) 4k + 3 (D) 4k
[ JEE 2001 (Scr) 1 + 1 out of 35 ]
Q.10 Find all those roots of the equation z12 – 56z6 – 512 = 0 whose imaginary part is positive.

P. No. 13
 [ REE 2000, 3 out of 100 ]
1 1 1
1 3
Q.11(a) Let     i . Then the value of the determinant 1 1   2  2 is
2 2
1 2 4
(A) 3 (B) 3 ( – 1) (C) 32 (D) 3(1 – )
(b) For all complex numbers z1, z2 satisfying |z1| = 12 and |z2 – 3 – 4i| = 5, the minimum value of
|z1 – z2| is
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 7 (D) 17
[JEE 2002 (Scr) 3+3]
(c) Let a complex number  ,   1, be a root of the equation
zp+q – zp – zq + 1 = 0 where p, q are distinct primes.
Show that either 1 +  + 2 + ...... + p–1 = 0 or 1 +  + 2 + ...... + q–1 = 0 , but not both together.
[JEE 2002, (5) ]
1  z1 z 2
Q.12(a) If z1 and z2 are two complex numbers such that | z1 | < 1 < | z2 | then prove that  1.
z1  z 2

1 n
(b) Prove that there exists no complex number z such that | z | <
3
and  ar zr = 1 where | ar | < 2.
r 1

[JEE-03, 2 + 2 out of 60]

Q.13(a)  is an imaginary cube root of unity. If (1 + 2)m = (1 + 4)m , then least positive integral value of m is
(A) 6 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 3
[JEE 2004 (Scr)]
(z  )
(b) Find centre and radius of the circle determined by all complex numbers z = x + i y satisfying k,
(z   )
where   1  i 2 ,   1  i2 are fixed complex and k  1. [JEE 2004, 2 out of 60 ]

Q.14(a) The locus of z which lies in shaded region is best represented by

(A) z : |z + 1| > 2, |arg(z + 1)| < /4
(B) z : |z - 1| > 2, |arg(z – 1)| < /4
(C) z : |z + 1| < 2, |arg(z + 1)| < /2
(D) z : |z - 1| < 2, |arg(z - 1)| < /2
(b) If a, b, c are integers not all equal and w is a cube root of unity (w  1), then the minimum value of
|a + bw + cw2| is
3 1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) (D)
2 2
[JEE 2005 (Scr), 3 + 3]
(c) If one of the vertices of the square circumscribing the circle |z – 1| = 2 is 2  3 i . Find the other
vertices of square. [JEE 2005 (Mains), 4]
w  wz
Q.15 If w =  + i where   0 and z  1, satisfies the condition that is purely real, then the set of
1 z
values of z is
(A) {z : | z | = 1} (B) {z : z = z ) (C) {z : z  1} (D) {z : | z | = 1, z  1}
[JEE 2006, 3]
P. No. 14
 ANSWER KEY
VERY ELEMENTARY EXERCISE
7 24 21 12 22
Q.1 (a)  i; (b)  i; (c) 3 + 4i; (d)  8 + 0i; (e) i
25 25 5 5 29 5
 2 2  5 3K
Q.2 (a) x =1, y = 2; (b) (2, 9); (c) (2 , 2) or   3 ,  3  ; (d) (1 ,1)  0 ,  (e) x = K, y = , KR
 2 2

Q.3 (a) ± (5 + 4i) ; (b) ± (5  6i) (c) ± 5(1 + i) Q.4 (a) 160 ; (b)  (77 +108 i)
3 3 3 3  5i 1 i
Q.5 –  i Q.6 (a)  i ,  2i (b) or 
2 2 2 2
Q.7 (a) on a circle of radius 7 with centre (1, 2) ; (b) on a unit circle with centre at origin
(c) on a circle with centre (15/4, 0) & radius 9/4 ; (d) a straight line
Q.8 a=b=2 3; Q.9 x = 1, y =  4 or x =  1, y =  4
5 5
Q.10 (i) Modulus = 6 , Arg = 2 k  + (K  I) , Principal Arg = (K  I)
18 18
7 5
(ii) Modulus = 2 , Arg = 2 k  + , Principal Arg = 
6 6
5
(iii) Modulus = , Arg = 2 k  tan1 2 (K  I) , Principal Arg =  tan12
6

3 i 3 i x 2 y2
Q.16 (a)  ,   ,i ; Q.17   1 ; Q.18 (c) 64 ; Q.21 A
2 2 2 2 64 48
2
 n  n  1 
Q.22 (a) (1, 1) ; (b)   n
 2 

EXERCISE–I
21 12 8 22
Q.1 (a)  i (b) 3 + 4 i (c)  +0i (d) i (e) + 2  0 i or 0 2 i
5 5 29 5
4 4 4
Q.2 (i) Principal Arg z =  ; z = 2 cos ; Arg z = 2 k 
kI
9 9 9
(ii) Modulus = sec21 , Arg = 2 n (2 –  ) , Principal Arg = (2 –  )
 3  2
(iii) Principal value of Agr z =  & z = ; Principal value of Arg z = & z =
2 2 2 3
1  11 11
(iv) Modulus = cos ec , Arg z = 2n  , Principal Arg =
2 5 20 20
 2 2  5 3K
Q.3(a) x = 1, y = 2; (b) x = 1 & y = 2 ; (c) (2 , 2) or   3 ,  3  ; (d) (1 ,1)  0 ,  ; (e) x =K, y = KR
 2 2
Q.4 (a) 2, (b) – 11/2 Q.5 (a) [( 2, 2) ; ( 2,  2)] (b)  (77 +108 i)
3  4i
Q.6 (a) z = (2 + i) or (1 – 3i); (b) z =
4
Q.7 (b) 2
 2 ti   5
Q.9 (ii) z =  (b + i) ;  2 i ,  a (iii)  , ti  where t  R   
 3t  5   3

P. No. 15
Q.10 (a) The region between the co encentric circles with centre at (0 , 2) & radii 1 & 3 units
1 1
(b) region outside or on the circle with centre + 2i and radius .
2 2
(c) semi circle (in the 1st & 4th quadrant) x² + y² = 1 (d) a ray emanating from the point
(3 + 4i) directed away from the origin & having equation 3 x  y  4  3 3  0
Q.15 [3 , 2] Q.17 (1 – c2) | z |2 – 2(a + bc) (Re z) + a2 – b2 = 0
Q.18 (a) K = 3 , (b) – 4 Q.19 (b) one if n is even ;  w² if n is odd
Q.22 (Z + 1) (Z²  2Z cos 36° + 1) (Z²  2Z cos 108° + 1) Q.24 4
Q.25 (a)  – 2 ; (b) 1/2

EXERCISE–II
7 iz 1
Q.2 35 Q.6 (a) – , (b) zero Q.8  i Q.18 –  or – 2
2 2 2
1 2
Q.19 k>    Q.20 | f (z) | is maximum when z = , where  is the cube root unity and | f (z) | = 13
2
4
Q.21 K=–
9
Q.23 required set is constituted by the angles without their boundaries, whose sides are the straight lines
y = ( 2  1) x and y + ( 2  1) x = 0 containing the x  axis
Q.24 198 Q.25 51

EXERCISE–III
Q.1 48(1  i) Q.3 (a) D (b) B
(29  20 2 )  i(15  25 2 ) (29  20 2 )  i(15  25 2 )
Q.4 Z= , Q.5 (a) C
82 82
sin 2 n  2
Q.6 7 A0 + 7 A7 x7 + 7 A14 x14 Q.7 (a) A (b) A Q.8 z2 +z+ = 0, where  =
sin 2  2n  1

Q.9 (a) C, (b) D Q.10 +1 + i 3 ,

 3i , 2i Q.11 (a) B ; (b) B
2

k 2   1
Q.13 (a) D ; (b) Centre  2
k 1
, Radius = 2
(k  1)
 
|   k 2 |2  k 2 . |  |2  |  |2 . k 2  1 
Q.14 (a) A, (b) B, (c) z2 = –   
3 i ; z3 = 1  3  i ; z4 = 1  3  i  Q.15 D

P. No. 16