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semiconductor

The document provides an overview of semiconductors, including definitions, types (intrinsic and extrinsic), and the process of doping. It explains key concepts such as p-n junction diodes, Zener diodes, photodiodes, LEDs, and the importance of semiconductors in electronics. Additionally, it covers the effects of temperature on conductivity and the Hall Effect.

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2 views

semiconductor

The document provides an overview of semiconductors, including definitions, types (intrinsic and extrinsic), and the process of doping. It explains key concepts such as p-n junction diodes, Zener diodes, photodiodes, LEDs, and the importance of semiconductors in electronics. Additionally, it covers the effects of temperature on conductivity and the Hall Effect.

Uploaded by

sakshamrvgr8b
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. What is a semiconductor?

Material with conductivity between conductors and insulators


(e.g., Silicon, Germanium).
2. What are intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors?
o Intrinsic: Pure semiconductor.
o Extrinsic: Doped for better conductivity (n-type, p-type).
3. What is doping?
Adding impurities to enhance conductivity.
4. What are n-type and p-type semiconductors?
o n-type: Electrons as majority carriers (dopant =
pentavalent).
o p-type: Holes as majority carriers (dopant = trivalent).
5. What is the energy band gap?
Energy difference between valence and conduction bands (~1
eV for semiconductors).

6. What is a p-n junction diode?


A device allowing current in one direction.
7. Forward bias vs reverse bias?
o Forward: Current flows (depletion shrinks).
o Reverse: No current (depletion widens).
8. What is a Zener diode?
Diode allowing reverse current after Zener voltage; used in
voltage regulation.
9. What is a photodiode?
Converts light into electrical current; used in light sensors.
10. What is an LED?
Emits light when forward biased. Efficient and widely used.

11. What is rectification?


Converting AC to DC using a diode.
12. What is a transistor?
Semiconductor device for switching/amplifying current.
13. Why are semiconductors important?
Small, efficient, and used in electronics (e.g., ICs).
14. Effect of temperature on semiconductors?
Conductivity increases with temperature.
15. What is Hall Effect?
Voltage generated in a semiconductor due to a magnetic field;
identifies carrier type.

16. Purpose of p-n junction diode in lab?


To study forward and reverse bias characteristics.
17. How to identify forward/reverse bias?
Forward: Current flows.
Reverse: No current.
18. Role of ammeter and voltmeter?
Ammeter measures current; voltmeter measures voltage.

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