0% found this document useful (0 votes)
5 views

2023-Automated-Item-Analysis

The document contains an item analysis for two subjects: Mathematics and MAPEH, detailing the performance of students on various test items. It includes statistics such as total items, student responses, difficulty levels, and instructional decisions based on performance metrics. The analysis aims to identify areas for improvement and mastery levels among students.

Uploaded by

Charlene Muncada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as XLSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
5 views

2023-Automated-Item-Analysis

The document contains an item analysis for two subjects: Mathematics and MAPEH, detailing the performance of students on various test items. It includes statistics such as total items, student responses, difficulty levels, and instructional decisions based on performance metrics. The analysis aims to identify areas for improvement and mastery levels among students.

Uploaded by

Charlene Muncada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as XLSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

ITEM ANALYSIS

MATHEMATICS
NOTE: ENCODE FIRST THE FOLLOWING
TOTAL NUMBER OF ITEMS 15 Grade & Section:
TOTAL NUMBER OF STUDENTS 24 Subject Teacher:
NUMBER OF STUDENTS IN THE GROUP 12
Instructions: Fill only the column for ITEM NO.`s CODE (from CG) and CORRECT RESPONSES (UpperGroup and LowerGroup)
Correct Responses
Percentage of
Item No.'s Code (from Total Correct Upper Lower Correct
Difficulty Interpretation Discrimination Interpretation Interpretation Standard Deviation
CG) Responses Group Group Responses
(50%) (50%) (PCR)
Interpretation of SD
A B C D E F G H I J K L Result
B ÷ No. of Refer to the (C - D) ÷ Number of Refer to the (B ÷ Number of (Refer to the Instructional Decision
UG + LG Test Instructional Students in the Instructional test takers) x below) B - mean at B KxK
Takers Decision below group Decision below 100
1 M10SP-1Va-1 11 7 4 0.46 Right Difficulty 0.25 Fair 45.83 0 3.53 12.48
2 M10SP-1Va-1 12 8 4 0.50 Right Difficulty 0.33 Good 50.00 0 4.53 20.55
3 M10SP-1Va-1 3 3 0 0.13 Difficult 0.25 Fair 12.50 0 -4.47 19.95
4 M10SP-1Vb-1-c 6 3 3 0.25 Difficult 0.00 Poor 25.00 -1.47 2.15
5 M10SP-1Vb-1-c 3 2 1 0.13 Difficult 0.08 Poor 12.50 -4.47 19.95
6 M10SP-1Vc-2 6 4 2 0.25 Difficult 0.17 Poor 25.00 -1.47 2.15
7 M10SP-1Va-1 11 7 4 0.46 Right Difficulty 0.25 Fair 45.83 3.53 12.48
8 M10SP-1Vc-2 10 5 5 0.42 Right Difficulty 0.00 Poor 41.67 2.53 6.42
9 M10SP-1Vd-1 5 1 4 0.21 Difficult -0.25 Poor 20.83 -2.47 6.08
10 M10SP-1Vd-1 6 5 1 0.25 Difficult 0.33 Good 25.00 -1.47 2.15
11 M10SP-1Ve-1 9 8 1 0.38 Right Difficulty 0.58 Excellent 37.50 1.53 2.35
12 M10SP-1Ve-1 11 10 1 0.46 Right Difficulty 0.75 Excellent 45.83 3.53 12.48
13 M10SP-1Va-1 15 12 3 0.63 Right Difficulty 0.75 Excellent 62.50 7.53 56.75
14 M10SP-1Vb-1-c 9 4 5 0.38 Right Difficulty -0.08 Poor 37.50 1.53 2.35
15 M10SP-1Vd-1 7 4 3 0.29 Right Difficulty 0.08 Poor 29.17 -0.47 0.22
16 M10SP-1Ve-1 0 0.00 Very Difficult 0.00 Poor 0.00 -7.47 55.75
17 M10SP-1Va-1 0 0.00 Very Difficult 0.00 Poor 0.00 -7.47 55.75
18 M10SP-1Vb-1-c 0 0.00 Very Difficult 0.00 Poor 0.00 -7.47 55.75
19 M10SP-1Va-1 0 0.00 Very Difficult 0.00 Poor 0.00 -7.47 55.75
20 M10SP-1Vb-1 0 0.00 Very Difficult 0.00 Poor 0.00 -7.47 55.75
21 M10SP-1Vd-1 0 0.00 Very Difficult 0.00 Poor 0.00 -7.47 55.75
22 M10SP-1Ve-1 0 0.00 Very Difficult 0.00 Poor 0.00 -7.47 55.75
23 M10SP-1Vb-1-c 0 0.00 Very Difficult 0.00 Poor 0.00 -7.47 55.75
24 M10SP-1Va-1 0 0.00 Very Difficult 0.00 Poor 0.00 -7.47 55.75
25 M10SP-1Va-1 0 0.00 Very Difficult 0.00 Poor 0.00 -7.47 55.75
26 M10SP-1Ve-1 0 0.00 Very Difficult 0.00 Poor 0.00 -7.47 55.75
27 M10SP-1Vc-2 0 0.00 Very Difficult 0.00 Poor 0.00 -7.47 55.75
28 M10SP-1Vc-2 0 0.00 Very Difficult 0.00 Poor 0.00 -7.47 55.75
29 M10SP-1Va-1 0 0.00 Very Difficult 0.00 Poor 0.00 -7.47 55.75
30 M10SP-1Va-1 0 0.00 Very Difficult 0.00 Poor 0.00 -7.47 55.75
31 M10SP-1Vc-2 0 0.00 Very Difficult 0.00 Poor 0.00 -7.47 55.75
32 M10SP-1Vc-2 0 0.00 Very Difficult 0.00 Poor 0.00 -7.47 55.75
33 M10SP-1Va-1 0 0.00 Very Difficult 0.00 Poor 0.00 -7.47 55.75
34 M10SP-1Vb-1-c 0 0.00 Very Difficult 0.00 Poor 0.00 -7.47 55.75
35 M10SP-1Vc-2 0 0.00 Very Difficult 0.00 Poor 0.00 -7.47 55.75
36 M10SP-1Va-1 0 0.00 Very Difficult 0.00 Poor 0.00 -7.47 55.75
37 M10SP-1Vb-1-c 0 0.00 Very Difficult 0.00 Poor 0.00 -7.47 55.75
38 M10SP-1Ve-1 0 0.00 Very Difficult 0.00 Poor 0.00 -7.47 55.75
39 M10SP-1Vc-2 0 0.00 Very Difficult 0.00 Poor 0.00 0 -7.47 55.75
40 M10SP-1Ve-1 0 0.00 Very Difficult 0.00 Poor 0.00 -7.47 55.75
Total 112 Total 1572.31
Mean 4.67 (Total ÷ Number of students) Mean of B 7.47 (Total ÷ Number of items) Mean 104.82
MPS 31.11 (Mean ÷ Number of items) (Total ÷ Number of Items) Extract the square root of the mean SD 10.24

BASIS FOR INSTRUCTIONAL DECISION


Discrimination
Difficulty Index Description Decision Description Decision Mastery Level using PCR (source: NETRC)
Index
Number of item 15 0.0 0.09 Very Difficult Discard 0.40 and above Excellent Retain Absolutely No Mastery 0 to 4 ###
###
###
###
P
Number of students 24 0.1 0.25 Difficult Revise 0.30 - 0.39 Good Needs improvement Very Low Mastery 5 to 14 ###
###
###
###
F
Number of students in the group 12 0.26 0.75 Right Difficulty Retain 0.20 - 0.29 Fair Needs Revision Low Mastery 15 to 34 ###
###
###
###
G
0.76 0.9 Easy Revise 0.19 and below Poor Discard Average 35 to 65 ###
###
###
###
E
1.0 1.0 Very Easy Discard Moving Towards Mastery 66 to 85 ###
###
Closely Approximating Mastery 86 to 95 ###
###
Absolutely No Mastery Mastered 96 - 100 ###
###
INSTRUCTIONAL DECISION: Very Low Mastery
Low Mastery
Average
Moving Towards Mastery
Closely Approximating Mastery
Mastered
ITEM ANALYSIS
MAPEH
NOTE: ENCODE FIRST THE FOLLOWING
TOTAL NUMBER OF ITEMS 60 Grade & Section: 7 DAHLIA
TOTAL NUMBER OF STUDENTS 24 Subject Teacher: CHARLENE G. MUNCADA
NUMBER OF STUDENTS IN THE GROUP 12
Instructions: Fill only the column for ITEM NO.`s CODE (from CG) and CORRECT RESPONSES (UpperGroup and LowerGroup)
Correct Responses
Percentage of
Item No.'s Code (from Total Correct Upper Lower Correct
Difficulty Interpretation Discrimination Interpretation Interpretation Standard Deviation
CG) Responses Group Group Responses
(50%) (50%) (PCR)
Interpretation of SD
A B C D E F G H I J K L Result
B ÷ No. of Refer to the (C - D) ÷ Number of Refer to the (B ÷ Number of (Refer to the Instructional Decision
UG + LG Test Instructional Students in the Instructional test takers) x below)
B - mean at B KxK
Takers Decision below group Decision below 100
1 1 9 2 7 0.38 Right Difficulty -0.42 Poor 37.50 Average -3.53 12.48
2 2 10 8 2 0.42 Right Difficulty 0.50 Excellent 41.67 Average -2.53 6.42
3 3 9 2 7 0.38 Right Difficulty -0.42 Poor 37.50 Average -3.53 12.48
4 4 14 9 5 0.58 Right Difficulty 0.33 Good 58.33 Average 1.47 2.15
5 5 15 10 5 0.63 Right Difficulty 0.42 Excellent 62.50 Average 2.47 6.08
6 6 11 10 1 0.46 Right Difficulty 0.75 Excellent 45.83 Average -1.53 2.35
7 7 11 7 4 0.46 Right Difficulty 0.25 Fair 45.83 Average -1.53 2.35
8 8 11 10 1 0.46 Right Difficulty 0.75 Excellent 45.83 Average -1.53 2.35
9 9 18 12 6 0.75 Right Difficulty 0.50 Excellent 75.00 Moving Towards Mastery 5.47 29.88
10 10 6 4 2 0.25 Difficult 0.17 Poor 25.00 Low Mastery -6.53 42.68
11 11 19 13 6 0.79 Easy 0.58 Excellent 79.17 Moving Towards Mastery 6.47 41.82
12 12 12 12 0 0.50 Right Difficulty 1.00 Excellent 50.00 Average -0.53 0.28
13 13 17 12 5 0.71 Right Difficulty 0.58 Excellent 70.83 Moving Towards Mastery 4.47 19.95
14 14 10 7 3 0.42 Right Difficulty 0.33 Good 41.67 Average -2.53 6.42
15 15 11 6 5 0.46 Right Difficulty 0.08 Poor 45.83 Average -1.53 2.35
16 16 11 8 3 0.46 Right Difficulty 0.42 Excellent 45.83 Average -1.53 2.35
17 17 16 10 6 0.67 Right Difficulty 0.33 Good 66.67 Moving Towards Mastery 3.47 12.02
18 18 9 5 4 0.38 Right Difficulty 0.08 Poor 37.50 Average -3.53 12.48
19 19 10 6 4 0.42 Right Difficulty 0.17 Poor 41.67 Average -2.53 6.42
20 20 10 6 4 0.42 Right Difficulty 0.17 Poor 41.67 Average -2.53 6.42
21 21 11 9 2 0.46 Right Difficulty 0.58 Excellent 45.83 Average -1.53 2.35
22 22 8 4 4 0.33 Right Difficulty 0.00 Poor 33.33 Low Mastery -4.53 20.55
23 23 6 2 4 0.25 Difficult -0.17 Poor 25.00 Low Mastery -6.53 42.68
24 24 9 6 3 0.38 Right Difficulty 0.25 Fair 37.50 Average -3.53 12.48
25 25 9 7 2 0.38 Right Difficulty 0.42 Excellent 37.50 Average -3.53 12.48
26 26 9 8 1 0.38 Right Difficulty 0.58 Excellent 37.50 Average -3.53 12.48
27 27 13 11 2 0.54 Right Difficulty 0.75 Excellent 54.17 Average 0.47 0.22
28 28 10 7 3 0.42 Right Difficulty 0.33 Good 41.67 Average -2.53 6.42
29 29 19 12 7 0.79 Easy 0.42 Excellent 79.17 Moving Towards Mastery 6.47 41.82
30 30 11 9 2 0.46 Right Difficulty 0.58 Excellent 45.83 Average -1.53 2.35
31 31 20 10 10 0.83 Easy 0.00 Poor 83.33 Moving Towards Mastery 7.47 55.75
32 32 17 9 8 0.71 Right Difficulty 0.08 Poor 70.83 Moving Towards Mastery 4.47 19.95
33 33 11 5 6 0.46 Right Difficulty -0.08 Poor 45.83 Average -1.53 2.35
34 34 14 9 5 0.58 Right Difficulty 0.33 Good 58.33 Average 1.47 2.15
35 35 11 5 6 0.46 Right Difficulty -0.08 Poor 45.83 Average -1.53 2.35
36 36 10 6 4 0.42 Right Difficulty 0.17 Poor 41.67 Average -2.53 6.42
37 37 11 7 4 0.46 Right Difficulty 0.25 Fair 45.83 Average -1.53 2.35
38 38 18 10 8 0.75 Right Difficulty 0.17 Poor 75.00 Moving Towards Mastery 5.47 29.88
39 39 8 5 3 0.33 Right Difficulty 0.17 Poor 33.33 Low Mastery -4.53 20.55
40 40 16 12 4 0.67 Right Difficulty 0.67 Excellent 66.67 Moving Towards Mastery 3.47 12.02
41 41 15 7 8 0.63 Right Difficulty -0.08 Poor 62.50 Average 2.47 6.08
42 42 20 11 9 0.83 Easy 0.17 Poor 83.33 Moving Towards Mastery 7.47 55.75
43 43 18 9 9 0.75 Right Difficulty 0.00 Poor 75.00 Moving Towards Mastery 5.47 29.88
44 44 11 4 7 0.46 Right Difficulty -0.25 Poor 45.83 Average -1.53 2.35
45 45 10 7 3 0.42 Right Difficulty 0.33 Good 41.67 Average -2.53 6.42
46 46 10 6 4 0.42 Right Difficulty 0.17 Poor 41.67 Average -2.53 6.42
47 47 10 6 4 0.42 Right Difficulty 0.17 Poor 41.67 Average -2.53 6.42
48 48 10 6 4 0.42 Right Difficulty 0.17 Poor 41.67 Average -2.53 6.42
49 49 14 11 3 0.58 Right Difficulty 0.67 Excellent 58.33 Average 1.47 2.15
50 50 13 8 5 0.54 Right Difficulty 0.25 Fair 54.17 Average 0.47 0.22
51 51 17 12 5 0.71 Right Difficulty 0.58 Excellent 70.83 Moving Towards Mastery 4.47 19.95
52 52 17 11 6 0.71 Right Difficulty 0.42 Excellent 70.83 Moving Towards Mastery 4.47 19.95
53 53 10 5 5 0.42 Right Difficulty 0.00 Poor 41.67 Average -2.53 6.42
54 54 13 9 4 0.54 Right Difficulty 0.42 Excellent 54.17 Average 0.47 0.22
55 55 10 9 1 0.42 Right Difficulty 0.67 Excellent 41.67 Average -2.53 6.42
56 56 19 14 5 0.79 Easy 0.75 Excellent 79.17 Moving Towards Mastery 6.47 41.82
57 57 18 13 5 0.75 Right Difficulty 0.67 Excellent 75.00 Moving Towards Mastery 5.47 29.88
58 58 9 6 3 0.38 Right Difficulty 0.25 Fair 37.50 Average -3.53 12.48
59 59 18 13 5 0.75 Right Difficulty 0.67 Excellent 75.00 Moving Towards Mastery 5.47 29.88
60 60 10 7 3 0.42 Right Difficulty 0.33 Good 41.67 Average -2.53 6.42
Total 752 Total 832.93
Mean 31.33 (Total ÷ Number of students) Mean of B 12.53 (Total ÷ Number of items) Mean 13.88
MPS 52.22 (Mean ÷ Number of items) (Total ÷ Number of Items) Extract the square root of the mean SD 3.73

BASIS FOR INSTRUCTIONAL DECISION


Discrimination
Difficulty Index Description Decision Description Decision Mastery Level using PCR (source: NETRC)
Index
Number of item 60 0.0 0.09 Very Difficult Discard 0.40 and above Excellent Retain Absolutely No Mastery 0 to 4
Number of students 24 0.1 0.25 Difficult Revise 0.30 - 0.39 Good Needs improvement Very Low Mastery 5 to 14
Number of students in the group 12 0.26 0.75 Right Difficulty Retain 0.20 - 0.29 Fair Needs Revision Low Mastery 15 to 34
0.76 0.9 Easy Revise 0.19 and below Poor Discard Average 35 to 65
1.0 1.0 Very Easy Discard Moving Towards Mastery 66 to 85
Closely Approximating Mastery 86 to 95
Mastered 96 - 100
INSTRUCTIONAL DECISION:
ITEM ANALYSIS
MAPEH
NOTE: ENCODE FIRST THE FOLLOWING
TOTAL NUMBER OF ITEMS 15 Grade & Section: 9 TAAL
TOTAL NUMBER OF STUDENTS 18 Subject Teacher: CHARLENE G. MUNCADA
NUMBER OF STUDENTS IN THE GROUP 9
Instructions: Fill only the column for ITEM NO.`s CODE (from CG) and CORRECT RESPONSES (UpperGroup and LowerGroup)
Correct Responses
Percentage of
Item No.'s Code (from Total Correct Upper Lower Correct
Difficulty Interpretation Discrimination Interpretation Interpretation Standard Deviation
CG) Responses Group Group Responses
(50%) (50%) (PCR)
Interpretation of SD
A B C D E F G H I J K L Result
B ÷ No. of Refer to the (C - D) ÷ Number of Refer to the (B ÷ Number of (Refer to the Instructional Decision
UG + LG Test Instructional Students in the Instructional test takers) x below)
B - mean at B KxK
Takers Decision below group Decision below 100
1 1 10 9 1 0.56 Right Difficulty 0.89 Excellent 55.56 Average -26.47 700.48
2 2 8 2 6 0.44 Right Difficulty -0.44 Poor 44.44 Average -28.47 810.35
3 3 4 3 1 0.22 Difficult 0.22 Fair 22.22 Low Mastery -32.47 1054.08
4 4 9 7 2 0.50 Right Difficulty 0.56 Excellent 50.00 Average -27.47 754.42
5 5 9 6 3 0.50 Right Difficulty 0.33 Good 50.00 Average -27.47 754.42
6 6 8 4 4 0.44 Right Difficulty 0.00 Poor 44.44 Average -28.47 810.35
7 7 13 8 5 0.72 Right Difficulty 0.33 Good 72.22 Moving Towards Mastery -23.47 550.68
8 8 13 8 5 0.72 Right Difficulty 0.33 Good 72.22 Moving Towards Mastery -23.47 550.68
9 9 7 6 1 0.39 Right Difficulty 0.56 Excellent 38.89 Average -29.47 868.28
10 10 13 9 4 0.72 Right Difficulty 0.56 Excellent 72.22 Moving Towards Mastery -23.47 550.68
11 11 11 7 4 0.61 Right Difficulty 0.33 Good 61.11 Average -25.47 648.55
12 12 11 9 2 0.61 Right Difficulty 0.78 Excellent 61.11 Average -25.47 648.55
13 13 9 6 3 0.50 Right Difficulty 0.33 Good 50.00 Average -27.47 754.42
14 14 10 5 5 0.56 Right Difficulty 0.00 Poor 55.56 Average -26.47 700.48
15 15 7 3 4 0.39 Right Difficulty -0.11 Poor 38.89 Average -29.47 868.28
16 16 9 7 2 0.50 Right Difficulty 0.56 Excellent 50.00 Average -27.47 754.42
17 17 14 8 6 0.78 Easy 0.22 Fair 77.78 Moving Towards Mastery -22.47 504.75
18 18 7 2 5 0.39 Right Difficulty -0.33 Poor 38.89 Average -29.47 868.28
19 19 9 8 1 0.50 Right Difficulty 0.78 Excellent 50.00 Average -27.47 754.42
20 20 9 4 5 0.50 Right Difficulty -0.11 Poor 50.00 Average -27.47 754.42
21 21 9 5 4 0.50 Right Difficulty 0.11 Poor 50.00 Average -27.47 754.42
22 22 10 7 3 0.56 Right Difficulty 0.44 Excellent 55.56 Average -26.47 700.48
23 23 7 5 2 0.39 Right Difficulty 0.33 Good 38.89 Average -29.47 868.28
24 24 8 7 1 0.44 Right Difficulty 0.67 Excellent 44.44 Average -28.47 810.35
25 25 4 1 3 0.22 Difficult -0.22 Poor 22.22 Low Mastery -32.47 1054.08
26 26 9 6 3 0.50 Right Difficulty 0.33 Good 50.00 Average -27.47 754.42
27 27 7 3 4 0.39 Right Difficulty -0.11 Poor 38.89 Average -29.47 868.28
28 28 9 7 2 0.50 Right Difficulty 0.56 Excellent 50.00 Average -27.47 754.42
29 29 9 6 3 0.50 Right Difficulty 0.33 Good 50.00 Average -27.47 754.42
30 30 10 8 2 0.56 Right Difficulty 0.67 Excellent 55.56 Average -26.47 700.48
31 31 7 5 2 0.39 Right Difficulty 0.33 Good 38.89 Average -29.47 868.28
32 32 13 9 4 0.72 Right Difficulty 0.56 Excellent 72.22 Moving Towards Mastery -23.47 550.68
33 33 12 7 5 0.67 Right Difficulty 0.22 Fair 66.67 Moving Towards Mastery -24.47 598.62
34 34 7 5 2 0.39 Right Difficulty 0.33 Good 38.89 Average -29.47 868.28
35 35 11 8 3 0.61 Right Difficulty 0.56 Excellent 61.11 Average -25.47 648.55
36 36 12 8 4 0.67 Right Difficulty 0.44 Excellent 66.67 Moving Towards Mastery -24.47 598.62
37 37 11 7 4 0.61 Right Difficulty 0.33 Good 61.11 Average -25.47 648.55
38 38 6 4 2 0.33 Right Difficulty 0.22 Fair 33.33 Low Mastery -30.47 928.22
39 39 8 6 2 0.44 Right Difficulty 0.44 Excellent 44.44 Average -28.47 810.35
40 40 7 4 3 0.39 Right Difficulty 0.11 Poor 38.89 Average -29.47 868.28
41 41 10 6 4 0.56 Right Difficulty 0.22 Fair 55.56 Average -26.47 700.48
42 42 13 7 6 0.72 Right Difficulty 0.11 Poor 72.22 Moving Towards Mastery -23.47 550.68
43 43 6 4 2 0.33 Right Difficulty 0.22 Fair 33.33 Low Mastery -30.47 928.22
44 44 8 7 1 0.44 Right Difficulty 0.67 Excellent 44.44 Average -28.47 810.35
45 45 7 3 4 0.39 Right Difficulty -0.11 Poor 38.89 Average -29.47 868.28
46 46 7 4 3 0.39 Right Difficulty 0.11 Poor 38.89 Average -29.47 868.28
47 47 9 6 3 0.50 Right Difficulty 0.33 Good 50.00 Average -27.47 754.42
48 48 6 5 1 0.33 Right Difficulty 0.44 Excellent 33.33 Low Mastery -30.47 928.22
49 49 9 7 2 0.50 Right Difficulty 0.56 Excellent 50.00 Average -27.47 754.42
50 50 9 4 5 0.50 Right Difficulty -0.11 Poor 50.00 Average -27.47 754.42
51 51 12 4 8 0.67 Right Difficulty -0.44 Poor 66.67 Moving Towards Mastery -24.47 598.62
52 52 7 5 2 0.39 Right Difficulty 0.33 Good 38.89 Average -29.47 868.28
53 53 8 4 4 0.44 Right Difficulty 0.00 Poor 44.44 Average -28.47 810.35
54 54 9 7 2 0.50 Right Difficulty 0.56 Excellent 50.00 Average -27.47 754.42
55 55 11 7 4 0.61 Right Difficulty 0.33 Good 61.11 Average -25.47 648.55
56 56 12 7 5 0.67 Right Difficulty 0.22 Fair 66.67 Moving Towards Mastery -24.47 598.62
57 57 7 4 3 0.39 Right Difficulty 0.11 Poor 38.89 Average -29.47 868.28
58 58 9 5 4 0.50 Right Difficulty 0.11 Poor 50.00 Average -27.47 754.42
59 59 12 7 5 0.67 Right Difficulty 0.22 Fair 66.67 Moving Towards Mastery -24.47 598.62
60 60 10 6 4 0.56 Right Difficulty 0.22 Fair 55.56 Average -26.47 700.48
Total 547 Total 45187.53
Mean 30.39 (Total ÷ Number of students) Mean of B 36.47 (Total ÷ Number of items) Mean 3012.50
MPS 202.59 (Mean ÷ Number of items) (Total ÷ Number of Items) Extract the square root of the mean SD 54.89

BASIS FOR INSTRUCTIONAL DECISION


Discrimination
Difficulty Index Description Decision Description Decision Mastery Level using PCR (source: NETRC)
Index
Number of item 15 0.0 0.09 Very Difficult Discard 0.40 and above Excellent Retain Absolutely No Mastery 0 to 4
Number of students 18 0.1 0.25 Difficult Revise 0.30 - 0.39 Good Needs improvement Very Low Mastery 5 to 14
Number of students in the group 9 0.26 0.75 Right Difficulty Retain 0.20 - 0.29 Fair Needs Revision Low Mastery 15 to 34
0.76 0.9 Easy Revise 0.19 and below Poor Discard Average 35 to 65
1.0 1.0 Very Easy Discard Moving Towards Mastery 66 to 85
Closely Approximating Mastery 86 to 95
Mastered 96 - 100
AUTOMATED ITEM ANALYSIS

NOTE: ENCODE FIRST THE FOLLOWING


TOTAL NUMBER OF ITEMS 100
TOTAL NUMBER OF STUDENTS 50
NUMBER OF STUDENTS IN THE GROUP 25
Instructions: Fill only the column for ITEM NO.`s CODE (from CG) and CORRECT RESPONSES (UpperGroup and LowerGroup)
Correct Responses
Percentage of
Item No.'s Code (from Total Correct Upper Lower Difficulty Interpretation Discrimination Interpretation Correct Interpretation Standard Deviation
CG) Responses Group Group Responses
(50%) (50%) (PCR)
Interpretation of SD
A B C D E F G H I J K L Result
B ÷ No. of Refer to the (C - D) ÷ Number of Refer to the (B ÷ Number of (Refer to the Instructional Decision
UG + LG Test Instructional Students in the Instructional test takers) x below)
B - mean at B KxK
Takers Decision below group Decision below 100
1 38 13 25 0.76 Easy -0.48 Poor 76.00 Moving Towards Mastery 1.62 2.62
2 50 25 25 1.00 Very Easy 0.00 Poor 100.00 Mastered 13.62 185.50
3 50 25 25 1.00 Very Easy 0.00 Poor 100.00 Mastered 13.62 185.50
4 50 25 25 1.00 Very Easy 0.00 Poor 100.00 Mastered 13.62 185.50
5 50 25 25 1.00 Very Easy 0.00 Poor 100.00 Mastered 13.62 185.50
6 50 25 25 1.00 Very Easy 0.00 Poor 100.00 Mastered 13.62 185.50
7 50 25 25 1.00 Very Easy 0.00 Poor 100.00 Mastered 13.62 185.50
8 50 25 25 1.00 Very Easy 0.00 Poor 100.00 Mastered 13.62 185.50
9 50 25 25 1.00 Very Easy 0.00 Poor 100.00 Mastered 13.62 185.50
10 50 25 25 1.00 Very Easy 0.00 Poor 100.00 Mastered 13.62 185.50
11 35 25 10 0.70 Right Difficulty 0.60 Excellent 70.00 Moving Towards Mastery -1.38 1.90
12 35 25 10 0.70 Right Difficulty 0.60 Excellent 70.00 Moving Towards Mastery -1.38 1.90
13 35 25 10 0.70 Right Difficulty 0.60 Excellent 70.00 Moving Towards Mastery -1.38 1.90
14 35 25 10 0.70 Right Difficulty 0.60 Excellent 70.00 Moving Towards Mastery -1.38 1.90
15 35 25 10 0.70 Right Difficulty 0.60 Excellent 70.00 Moving Towards Mastery -1.38 1.90
16 35 25 10 0.70 Right Difficulty 0.60 Excellent 70.00 Moving Towards Mastery -1.38 1.90
17 35 25 10 0.70 Right Difficulty 0.60 Excellent 70.00 Moving Towards Mastery -1.38 1.90
18 35 25 10 0.70 Right Difficulty 0.60 Excellent 70.00 Moving Towards Mastery -1.38 1.90
19 35 25 10 0.70 Right Difficulty 0.60 Excellent 70.00 Moving Towards Mastery -1.38 1.90
20 35 25 10 0.70 Right Difficulty 0.60 Excellent 70.00 Moving Towards Mastery -1.38 1.90
21 35 10 25 0.70 Right Difficulty -0.60 Poor 70.00 Moving Towards Mastery -1.38 1.90
22 35 10 25 0.70 Right Difficulty -0.60 Poor 70.00 Moving Towards Mastery -1.38 1.90
23 35 10 25 0.70 Right Difficulty -0.60 Poor 70.00 Moving Towards Mastery -1.38 1.90
24 35 10 25 0.70 Right Difficulty -0.60 Poor 70.00 Moving Towards Mastery -1.38 1.90
25 35 10 25 0.70 Right Difficulty -0.60 Poor 70.00 Moving Towards Mastery -1.38 1.90
26 35 10 25 0.70 Right Difficulty -0.60 Poor 70.00 Moving Towards Mastery -1.38 1.90
27 35 10 25 0.70 Right Difficulty -0.60 Poor 70.00 Moving Towards Mastery -1.38 1.90
28 35 10 25 0.70 Right Difficulty -0.60 Poor 70.00 Moving Towards Mastery -1.38 1.90
29 35 10 25 0.70 Right Difficulty -0.60 Poor 70.00 Moving Towards Mastery -1.38 1.90
30 35 10 25 0.70 Right Difficulty -0.60 Poor 70.00 Moving Towards Mastery -1.38 1.90
31 40 20 20 0.80 Easy 0.00 Poor 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
32 40 20 20 0.80 Easy 0.00 Poor 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
33 40 20 20 0.80 Easy 0.00 Poor 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
34 40 20 20 0.80 Easy 0.00 Poor 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
35 40 20 20 0.80 Easy 0.00 Poor 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
36 40 20 20 0.80 Easy 0.00 Poor 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
37 40 20 20 0.80 Easy 0.00 Poor 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
38 40 20 20 0.80 Easy 0.00 Poor 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
39 40 20 20 0.80 Easy 0.00 Poor 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
40 40 20 20 0.80 Easy 0.00 Poor 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
41 25 25 0 0.50 Right Difficulty 1.00 Excellent 50.00 Average -11.38 129.50
42 25 25 0 0.50 Right Difficulty 1.00 Excellent 50.00 Average -11.38 129.50
43 25 25 0 0.50 Right Difficulty 1.00 Excellent 50.00 Average -11.38 129.50
44 25 25 0 0.50 Right Difficulty 1.00 Excellent 50.00 Average -11.38 129.50
45 25 25 0 0.50 Right Difficulty 1.00 Excellent 50.00 Average -11.38 129.50
46 25 25 0 0.50 Right Difficulty 1.00 Excellent 50.00 Average -11.38 129.50
47 25 25 0 0.50 Right Difficulty 1.00 Excellent 50.00 Average -11.38 129.50
48 25 25 0 0.50 Right Difficulty 1.00 Excellent 50.00 Average -11.38 129.50
49 25 25 0 0.50 Right Difficulty 1.00 Excellent 50.00 Average -11.38 129.50
50 25 25 0 0.50 Right Difficulty 1.00 Excellent 50.00 Average -11.38 129.50
51 45 25 20 0.90 Easy 0.20 Fair 90.00 Closely Approximating Mastery 8.62 74.30
52 45 25 20 0.90 Easy 0.20 Fair 90.00 Closely Approximating Mastery 8.62 74.30
53 45 25 20 0.90 Easy 0.20 Fair 90.00 Closely Approximating Mastery 8.62 74.30
54 45 25 20 0.90 Easy 0.20 Fair 90.00 Closely Approximating Mastery 8.62 74.30
55 45 25 20 0.90 Easy 0.20 Fair 90.00 Closely Approximating Mastery 8.62 74.30
56 45 25 20 0.90 Easy 0.20 Fair 90.00 Closely Approximating Mastery 8.62 74.30
57 45 25 20 0.90 Easy 0.20 Fair 90.00 Closely Approximating Mastery 8.62 74.30
58 45 25 20 0.90 Easy 0.20 Fair 90.00 Closely Approximating Mastery 8.62 74.30
59 45 25 20 0.90 Easy 0.20 Fair 90.00 Closely Approximating Mastery 8.62 74.30
60 45 25 20 0.90 Easy 0.20 Fair 90.00 Closely Approximating Mastery 8.62 74.30
61 25 0 25 0.50 Right Difficulty -1.00 Poor 50.00 Average -11.38 129.50
62 25 0 25 0.50 Right Difficulty -1.00 Poor 50.00 Average -11.38 129.50
63 25 0 25 0.50 Right Difficulty -1.00 Poor 50.00 Average -11.38 129.50
64 25 0 25 0.50 Right Difficulty -1.00 Poor 50.00 Average -11.38 129.50
65 25 0 25 0.50 Right Difficulty -1.00 Poor 50.00 Average -11.38 129.50
66 25 0 25 0.50 Right Difficulty -1.00 Poor 50.00 Average -11.38 129.50
67 25 0 25 0.50 Right Difficulty -1.00 Poor 50.00 Average -11.38 129.50
68 25 0 25 0.50 Right Difficulty -1.00 Poor 50.00 Average -11.38 129.50
69 25 0 25 0.50 Right Difficulty -1.00 Poor 50.00 Average -11.38 129.50
70 25 0 25 0.50 Right Difficulty -1.00 Poor 50.00 Average -11.38 129.50
71 30 15 15 0.60 Right Difficulty 0.00 Poor 60.00 Average -6.38 40.70
72 30 15 15 0.60 Right Difficulty 0.00 Poor 60.00 Average -6.38 40.70
73 30 15 15 0.60 Right Difficulty 0.00 Poor 60.00 Average -6.38 40.70
74 30 15 15 0.60 Right Difficulty 0.00 Poor 60.00 Average -6.38 40.70
75 30 15 15 0.60 Right Difficulty 0.00 Poor 60.00 Average -6.38 40.70
76 30 15 15 0.60 Right Difficulty 0.00 Poor 60.00 Average -6.38 40.70
77 30 15 15 0.60 Right Difficulty 0.00 Poor 60.00 Average -6.38 40.70
78 30 15 15 0.60 Right Difficulty 0.00 Poor 60.00 Average -6.38 40.70
79 30 15 15 0.60 Right Difficulty 0.00 Poor 60.00 Average -6.38 40.70
80 30 15 15 0.60 Right Difficulty 0.00 Poor 60.00 Average -6.38 40.70
81 40 15 25 0.80 Easy -0.40 Poor 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
82 40 15 25 0.80 Easy -0.40 Poor 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
83 40 15 25 0.80 Easy -0.40 Poor 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
84 40 15 25 0.80 Easy -0.40 Poor 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
85 40 15 25 0.80 Easy -0.40 Poor 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
86 40 15 25 0.80 Easy -0.40 Poor 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
87 40 15 25 0.80 Easy -0.40 Poor 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
88 40 15 25 0.80 Easy -0.40 Poor 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
89 40 15 25 0.80 Easy -0.40 Poor 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
90 40 15 25 0.80 Easy -0.40 Poor 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
91 40 25 15 0.80 Easy 0.40 Excellent 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
92 40 25 15 0.80 Easy 0.40 Excellent 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
93 40 25 15 0.80 Easy 0.40 Excellent 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
94 40 25 15 0.80 Easy 0.40 Excellent 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
95 40 25 15 0.80 Easy 0.40 Excellent 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
96 40 25 15 0.80 Easy 0.40 Excellent 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
97 40 25 15 0.80 Easy 0.40 Excellent 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
98 40 25 15 0.80 Easy 0.40 Excellent 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
99 40 25 15 0.80 Easy 0.40 Excellent 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
100 40 25 15 0.80 Easy 0.40 Excellent 80.00 Moving Towards Mastery 3.62 13.10
Total 3638 Total 5843.56
Mean 72.76 (Total ÷ Number of students) Mean of B 36.38 (Total ÷ Number of items) Mean 58.44
MPS 72.76 (Mean ÷ Number of items) (Total ÷ Number of Items) Extract the square root of the mean SD 7.64

BASIS FOR INSTRUCTIONAL DECISION


Discrimination
Difficulty Index Description Decision Description Decision Mastery Level using PCR (source: NETRC)
Index
Number of item 100 0.0 0.09 Very Difficult Discard 0.40 and above Excellent Retain Absolutely No Mastery 0 to 4 ###
###
###
P Absolutely No Mastery
Number of students 50 0.1 0.25 Difficult Revise 0.30 - 0.39 Good Needs improvement Very Low Mastery 5 to 14 ###
###
###
F Very Low Mastery
Number of students in the group 25 0.26 0.75 Right Difficulty Retain 0.20 - 0.29 Fair Needs Revision Low Mastery 15 to 34 ###
###
###
G Low Mastery
0.76 0.9 Easy Revise 0.19 and below Poor Discard Average 35 to 65 ###
###
###
E Average
1.0 1.0 Very Easy Discard Moving Towards Mastery 66 to 85 ###
### Moving Towards Mastery
Closely Approximating Mastery 86 to 95 ###
### Closely Approximating Mastery
Mastered 96 - 100 ###
### Mastered
INSTRUCTIONAL DECISION:
AUTOMATED ITEM ANALYSIS

NOTE: ENCODE FIRST THE FOLLOWING


TOTAL NUMBER OF ITEMS
TOTAL NUMBER OF STUDENTS
NUMBER OF STUDENTS IN THE GROUP
Instructions: Fill only the column for ITEM NO.`s CODE (from CG) and CORRECT RESPONSES (UpperGroup and LowerGroup)
Correct Responses
Percentage of
Item No.'s Code (from Total Correct Upper Lower Correct
Difficulty Interpretation Decision Discrimination Interpretation Decision Interpretation Standard Deviation
CG) Responses Group Group Responses
(50%) (50%) (PCR)
Interpretation of SD
A B C D E F G H I J K L Result
B ÷ No. of Refer to the (C - D) ÷ Number of Refer to the (B ÷ Number of (Refer to the Instructional Decision
UG + LG Test Instructional Students in the Instructional test takers) x below) B - mean at B KxK
Takers Decision below group Decision below 100
1 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
2 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
3 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
4 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
5 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
6 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
7 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
8 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
9 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
10 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
11 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
12 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
13 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
14 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
15 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
16 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
17 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
18 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
19 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
20 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
21 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
22 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
23 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
24 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
25 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
26 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
27 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
28 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
29 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
30 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
31 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
32 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
33 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
34 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
35 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
36 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
37 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
38 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
39 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
40 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Total 0 Total #DIV/0!
Mean #DIV/0! (Total ÷ Number of students) Mean of B #DIV/0! (Total ÷ Number of items) Mean #DIV/0!
MPS #DIV/0! (Mean ÷ Number of items) (Total ÷ Number of Items) Extract the square root of the mean SD #DIV/0!

BASIS FOR INSTRUCTIONAL DECISION


Discrimination
Difficulty Index Description Decision Description Decision Mastery Level using PCR (source: NETRC)
Index
Number of item 0 0.0 0.09 Very Difficult Discard 0.40 and above Excellent Retain Absolutely No Mastery 0 to 4 ###
###
###
PDiscard
oor
Absolutely No Mastery
Number of students 0 0.1 0.25 Difficult Revise 0.30 - 0.39 Good Needs improvement Very Low Mastery 5 to 14 ###
###
###
FNeeds
air
Very Low
Revision
Mastery
Number of students in the group 0 0.26 0.75 Right Difficulty Retain 0.20 - 0.29 Fair Needs Revision Low Mastery 15 to 34 ###
###
###
GNeeds
Low
ood Mastery
Improvement
0.76 0.9 Easy Revise 0.19 and below Poor Discard Average 35 to 65 ###
###
###
ERetain
xcellent
Average
1.0 1.0 Very Easy Discard Moving Towards Mastery 66 to 85 ###
### Moving Towards Mastery
Closely Approximating Mastery 86 to 95 ###
### Closely Approximating Mastery
Mastered 96 - 100 ###
### Mastered
INSTRUCTIONAL DECISION:

You might also like