evsjv‡`‡ki †cvkvKwkí [wm. †ev. Õ19; Xv. †ev.

Õ17, Õ16, Õ11;

P. †ev. Õ15; e. †ev. Õ14; Kz. †ev. Õ13]
f‚wgKv : evsjv‡`k wk‡íi †ÿ‡Î cðvrc`, wKš‘ †cvkvK †ÿ‡Î †ewk DbœZ| eis ejv hvq †h, mviv eQi wkíRvZ cY¨ we‡`‡k
ißvwb K‡i †h Avq nq Zvi wmsnfvM Avq nq †cvkvKRvZ wkí †_‡K| †gvUK_v evsjv‡`k †cvkvKwk‡í GK bZzb gvÎv †hvM
K‡i‡Q| Avi †cvkvKwkí evsjv‡`‡ki m¤úK© e„wׇZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb ivL‡Q| †h †`k GKmg‡q gmwjb Kvco ˆZwi K‡i
wek¦L¨vwZ AR©b K‡iwQj †m †`k AvR Avevi †cvkvKwk‡í †`‡ki mg„w× Avbq‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv ivL‡Q Ges jÿ jÿ gvby‡li
Kg©ms¯’vb Ki‡Q|

†cvkvKwk‡íi AZxZ I eZ©gvb Ae¯’v : evsjv‡`k AZx‡Z †cvkvKwk‡í †h L¨vwZ AR©b K‡iwQj Zv wQj wek¦e¨vcx| Kw_Z Av‡Q
†h, †cvkvKwkí RM`&weL¨vZ gmwjb †mvbviMuv‡Z ˆZwi n‡q †mvbviMuv ciMbvi †Wgiv evRv‡i wewµ Kiv n‡Zv| G mgq Avi‡ei
e¨emvqxiv evsjv‡`‡k Avm‡Zb Rvnv‡R, ZLb Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvR‡b XvKvi ZuvwZiv myZvi m‡½ Zmi wgwk‡q GKcÖKvi gReyZ Kvco
ˆZwi KiZ| Zmi e‡¯¿i m‡½ bvbv iKg Qvcvi KvRI Pj‡Z _v‡K| GB Qvcvi Kvc‡o AvieMY cvMwo I eywU`vi mv`ixq ˆZwi
Ki‡Z _v‡K| XvKvi emvK †kÖwYi †jv‡Kiv G e¨emvq µgk DbœwZ jvf K‡i Ges Avie, kvg I B‡q‡g‡b we¯Ívi jvf K‡i| Zmi
I myZvi wgkÖ‡Y ˆZwi AvwReyjøvn KvcoI †gvMj Avg‡j we‡kl mgv`i jvf K‡iwQj| Bs‡iRiv hLb †`k kvm‡bi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY
K‡i ZLb Zviv †cvkvKwk‡íi †Kv‡bv mg„w× NUvqwb eis aŸsmmvab K‡i‡Q| Zviv gmwjb ˆZwii wkíx‡`i c½y K‡i w`‡qwQj †hb
Zviv Gme g~j¨evb m¤ú` ˆZwi Ki‡Z bv cv‡i| Bs‡iR‡`i ci cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡MvôxI G †`‡ki wk‡íi kÖxe„w×i Rb¨ †Kv‡bv
D‡`¨vM †bqwb|

1. †cvkvKwk‡íi m¤¢vebv I ¸iæZ¡ : evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nIqvi ci †cvkv‡K e¨vcK cwieZ©b N‡U| evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z †cvkvK
ißvwbi AMÖhvÎv ïiæ nq 1976-77 A_©eQ‡i| G mg‡q evsjv‡`k gvÎ 98000 UvKvi †cvkvK ißvwb K‡iwQj| Avi 1992-
93 A_©eQ‡i ißvwb K‡i‡Q 4819.27 †KvwU UvKvi †cvkvK| evsjv‡`‡k †hLv‡b 1982-83 mv‡j Mv‡g©›U‡mi cwigvY wQj
gvÎ 600 †_‡K 700 Gi g‡Zv, †mLv‡b AvR cÖvq 5000 Mv‡g©›Um cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q|
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^Y©m~‡Îi DËim~wi wn‡m‡e †cvkvK ißvwbi Avwef©ve| Avgv‡`i RvZxq A_©bxwZi eZ©gvb mg‡q G c‡Y¨i ißvwb
aviv‡K Ae¨vnZ ivLvi Rb¨ AvšÍR©vwZK ch©v‡q Avg`vwbKviK †`kmg~‡ni mv‡_ AbyK‚j m¤úK© eRvq †i‡L †KvUv myweav‡K
m‡e©v”PKiY Kiv AZ¨šÍ Riæwi|

†cvkv‡Ki evRvi : evsjv‡`‡ki ˆZwi †cvkvKwk‡íi me©v‡cÿv e‡ov †µZv BD‡ivwcqvb BDwbqb (B.BD.) Av‡qi A‡a©KB Av‡m
B.BD. †_‡K| B.BD. †h †cvkvK Lv‡Zi cY¨ MÖnY K‡i Zvi †ewkifvM hvq hy³ivR¨, d«vÝ, Rvg©vwb, BZvwj, nj¨vÛ Ges
†ejwRqv‡g| D‡jøL Kivi g‡Zv K_v GB †h, AvšÍR©vwZK evRv‡i evsjv‡`k †cvkv‡Ki mgv`i i‡q‡Q| d‡j †cvkvKwk‡íi evRvi
e„w× cv‡”Q, Avi †Zgwb Gi Drcv`bI e„w×cÖvß n‡”Q| hy³ivóª I B.BD. Qvov evsjv‡`wk G †cvkvK c‡Y¨i D‡jøL‡hvM¨
Avg`vwbKviK †`k n‡jv KvbvWv|

mgm¨v I mgvav‡bi Dcvq :

mgm¨v :
(K) †KvUvi ixwZ c×wZ : Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jv †cvkvK ißvwb Ki‡Zv †KvUvi wfwˇZ wKš‘ †KvUvc×wZ D‡V wM‡q cÖwZ‡hvwMZv ïiæ n‡j
G myweav evsjv‡`k †fvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| †m †ÿ‡Î evsjv‡`k †ek wcwQ‡q i‡q‡Q| †kvbv hv‡”Q †h, 2005 mvj †_‡KB
†KvUvc×wZ D‡V hv‡”Q †mLv‡b gy³evRvi A_©bxwZ Pvjy n‡j evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡e Avi †cvkvKwk‡íi e‡ov iK‡gi
Avq K‡g hv‡e| †hLv‡b _vBj¨vÛ, B‡›`v‡bwkqv, Pxb, wm½vcyi cÖf…wZ †`k Kg Li‡P ¸YMZ gvbm¤úbœ †cvkvK ˆZwi Ki‡Q|
(L) KuvPvgv‡ji mgm¨v : evsjv‡`‡ki †cvkvK Drcvw`Z Kivi Rb¨ KuvPvgv‡ji cÖ‡qvRb, A_P †`‡k KuvPvgv‡ji Afve i‡q‡Q|
G †`‡k h‡_ó cwigv‡Y KuvPvgvj Drcvw`Z nq bv| d‡j we‡`k †_‡K KuvPvgvj Avg`vwb Ki‡Z nq| †hgb : myZv, is,
†evZvg, †PBb, Bjvw÷K, ¯œ¨vc, evUb, KvU©yb, KvU©b †mU BZ¨vw`| A_P †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq we‡`‡ki Avg`vwb Kiv KuvPvgvj
wb¤œgv‡bi nIqv‡Z DbœZgv‡bi †cvkvK ˆZwi Kiv hvq bv| GB †h KuvPvgvj Avg`vwb Kiv nq Zv‡Z †h LiP c‡o Zv ißvwb
Av‡qi GKUv e‡ov Ask| A_©vr, Avgv‡`i ißvwb Av‡qi †ejvq LvwbKUv Ask K‡g hv‡e|
(M) AímsL¨K †cvkvK ißvwb : eZ©gv‡b wek¦evRv‡i 120 iK‡gi †cvkv‡Ki Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Dbœqbkxj †`k evsjv‡`k gvÎ
20 cÖKv‡ii †cvkvK ˆZwi K‡i| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨ †hme cÖ¯‘wZ _vKv `iKvi Zv GLv‡b M‡o I‡Vwb| Kv‡RB
gvÎ 20 cÖKvi †cvkvK wb‡q AvšÍR©vwZK cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi evRv‡i wU‡K _vKv KwVb|
(N) `ÿ kÖwg‡Ki Afve : Mv‡g©›Um wkíKviLvbvq hviv Kg©Rxex Zviv †ewkifvM A`ÿ I AwkwÿZ| ZvQvov Zv‡`i Dchy³
cÖwkÿY †bB| cÖwkÿYnxb I A`ÿ Kg©xiv †h fv‡jv †cvkvK ˆZwi Ki‡e Zv Avkv Kiv hvq bv|
(O) ivR‰bwZK w¯’wZkxjZvi Afve : ivR‰bwZK w¯’wZkxjZvi Afve evsjv‡`‡ki fv‡jv †cvkvK ˆZwii †ÿ‡Î GK e‡ov mgm¨v|
†`‡k ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jv we‡klZ cÖavb we‡ivax `j cÖvq niZvj Wv‡K| †m niZvj mKvj-mܨv, KL‡bv `yB w`b Avevi
KL‡bv wZb w`b ch©šÍ jvMvZvi niZvj AvnŸvb Kiv nq| d‡j Mv‡g©›Um wk‡í †h ÿqÿwZ nq Zv AeY©bxq|
(P) cY¨`ª‡e¨i Avg`vwbi Ici avh©K…Z gvïj : evB‡ii †_‡K A‡bK mgq KuvPvgvj Avg`vwb Ki‡Z nq| bvbv iKg Uvjevnvbv
I KuvPvgvj Avg`vwbi †ÿ‡Î wej¤^ N‡U ev RwUjZv †`Lv hvq| GB †h RwUjZv †mRb¨ h_v mg‡q †cvkvK †Wwjfvwi †`Iqv
hvq bv Ges †Wwjfvwi bv w`‡Z cvi‡j A‡bK mgq we‡`wk †µZviv AW©vi evwZj K‡i †`q| G¸‡jv wfbœ AviI KwZcq
†Qv‡UvLv‡Uv mgm¨v we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q| †hgb :
(Q) DbœZ ai‡bi cÖhyw³i Afve|
(R) AbybœZ AeKvVv‡gv|
(S) e¨vswKs Lv‡Zi Ae¨e¯’v|
(T)cwienY mgm¨v|
(U) ch©vß cwigv‡Y g~ja‡bi Afve|
(V) Kg©Rxex‡`i Rxeb iÿvi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv AvBbKvby‡bi Abycw¯’wZ|

mgvav‡bi Dcvq : evsjv‡`‡ki †cvkvKwk‡í A‡bK mgm¨v Av‡Q, wKš‘ †mme mgm¨v wbim‡bi DcvqI i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`k Pvq
†cvkvKwkí †mKv‡ji g‡Zv GKv‡jI mybvg I L¨vwZ AR©b KiæK| G j‡ÿ¨ †cuŠQvi Rb¨ miKvi wKQz my‡hvM-myweav w`‡q‡Qb|
GQvov Avgv‡`i †`‡kB ch©vß cwigvY KuvPvgvj Drcv`‡b h_vh_ c`‡ÿc †bIqv hvq| wek¦evRv‡i evsjv‡`wk †cvkv‡Ki cÖKvi
e„w× Kiv PvB| we‡k¦i †cvkvK ißvwbKviK Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM iÿv K‡i I Zvj wgwj‡q DbœZgv‡bi †cvkvK ˆZwi
Ki‡Z n‡e| XvKv I †`‡ki Ab¨Î Nb Nb †jvW‡kwWs nq| GB †jvW‡kwWs hv‡Z bv nq †mw`‡K jÿ ivL‡Z n‡e I we`y¨r mieivn
hv‡Z wbqwgZfv‡e evavnxbfv‡e nq †mUv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| gvj Avg`vwb I ißvwb‡Z hv‡Z ïé ev KimsµvšÍ RwUjZv bv _v‡K
Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| †`‡ki †fZi me©Î ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi g‡a¨ w¯’wZkxjZv eRvq ivLv AwZ Riæwi| Mv‡g©›Um wk‡íi
Kg©xiv †h‡nZz cÖwkÿYcÖvß bq ZvB Zv‡`i‡K ch©vß cwigv‡Y †Uªwbs w`‡Z n‡e| d‡j Drcv`‡b DbœZgvb eRvq _vK‡e|

Dcmsnvi : evsjv‡`‡ki †cvkvKwk‡íi fwel¨r D¾¡j, wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i wU‡K _vK‡Z n‡j evsjv‡`‡ki G
wkí‡K A‡bK c_ cvwo w`‡Z n‡e| evsjv‡`‡k GKUv cÖwµqv P‡j‡Q- Zvn‡jv, †`k‡K wkígyLx K‡i †Zvjvi| wKš‘ Mv‡g©›Um wk‡íi
mvg‡b GKwU cixÿv Avm‡Q| Ggb hw` nq †h, †KvUvc×wZ D‡V †Mj Ges cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi †ÿ‡Î †cvkvKwkí‡KI Acivci †`‡ki
m‡½ cÖwZØw›ØZv Ki‡Z n‡e ZLb evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ wec` Avmbœ| Z‡e Avgiv hw` mycwiKwíZfv‡e AMÖmi nB Zvn‡j G wec`
KvwU‡q IVv Am¤¢e †Kv‡bv e¨vcvi bq| evsjv‡`‡ki AmsL¨ Kg©Rxex G Mv‡g©›Um wkí‡K Aej¤^b K‡i RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i| Kv‡RB
G wk‡íi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq KuvPvgvj †`‡kB Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e Ges m¤¢e h‡_vchy³ Rbkw³ MVb Kiv| miKvwi I †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb
G e¨vcv‡i f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡j G †`‡kB Mv‡g©›Um wk‡íi Rb¨ KuvPvgvj Drcv`b I Rbkw³ MVb Kiv hv‡e| Gm‡ei cvkAcvwk
†cvkvKwk‡íi mv‡_ hviv RwoZ Zv‡`i mvgvwRK gh©v`vI evov‡Z n‡e| Kwei fvlvqÑ
ZvivB gvbyl, ZvivB †`eZv, Mvwn Zvnv‡`wi Mvb,
Zv‡`wi e¨w_Z e‡¶ cv †d‡j Av‡m be DÌvb
 evsjv‡`‡ki ch©Ubwkí [Xv. †ev. Õ15, Õ14; wm. †ev. Õ13, Õ06;
P. †ev. Õ16, Õ11, Õ06; e. †ev. Õ16, Õ11; Kz. †ev. Õ16]

f‚wgKv :
Òevsjvi gyL Avwg †`wLqvwQ, ZvB Avwg c„w_exi iƒc
LuywR‡Z hvB bv Avi: AÜKv‡i †R‡M D‡V Wzgy‡ii Mv‡Q
†P‡q †`wL QvZvi gZb e‡ov cvZvwUi wb‡P eÕ‡m Av‡Q
†fv‡ii †`v‡qj cvwL-Pvwiw`‡K †P‡q †`wL cjø‡ei ¯Í‚c
Rvg-eU-KuvVv‡ji-wnR‡ji-Ak‡_i KÕ‡i Av‡Q Pzc;
dYxgbmvi †Sv‡c kwUe‡b Zvnv‡`i Qvqv cwoqv‡Q;
gayKi wW½v †_‡K bv Rvwb †m K‡e Puv` P¤úvi Kv‡Q
GgbB wnRj-eU-Zgv‡ji bxj Qvqv evsjvi Aciƒc iƒc|Ó
gvbyl ågY Ki‡Z cQ›` K‡i| GB cQ›`‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q ågY-evÜe GK ai‡bi e¨e¯’v M‡o D‡V‡Q, hvi bvg ch©Ub wkí| GB
wk‡íi KvR n‡jv †Kv‡bv A‡ji `k©bxq ¯’vb¸‡jvi Z_¨ ågYwccvmy gvby‡li Kv‡Q Zz‡j aiv, åg‡Yi mye‡›`ve¯Í Kiv Ges Gi
gva¨‡g A_© DcvR©b Kiv|
evsjv‡`‡ki GKvwaK ebvÂj, cvnvo-b`x-Sibv, km¨‡kvwfZ gvV I meyR cÖK…wZ, we‡k¦i `xN©Zg mgy`ª‰mKZ, bv›`wbK ¯’vcZ¨
I fv¯‹h©, cÖZœZvwË¡K ¯’vcbv I wb`k©b cÖf…wZ †`k-we‡`‡ki ch©UK‡`i AvKl©Y K‡i| ZvB evsjv‡`‡k ch©Ub wk‡íi m¤¢vebv cÖPzi|
G¸‡jvi Uv‡b wecyj msL¨K we‡`wk ch©U‡Ki evsjv‡`‡k Avmvi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| Gfv‡e evsjv‡`‡k ch©vß ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©b
Ki‡Z cv‡i| GwU evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡ZI ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| cÖ_‡g evsjv‡`‡ki ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ch©Ub †K›`ªmg~‡ni w`‡K
ZvKv‡bv hvK| Kwei fvlvq
GZ w¯œ» b`x Kvnvi?
†Kv_vq Ggb a~¤ª cvnvo?
†Kv_vq Ggb nwir‡ÿÎ
AvKvk Z‡j †g‡k?
Ggb av‡bi Dci †XD †L‡j hvq
evZvm Kvnvi †`‡k|
my›`ieb : evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jeZ©x A‡j 6 nvRvi eM©wK‡jvwgUv‡ii AwaK RvqMvRy‡o my›`ieb Aew¯’Z| GwU c„w_exi e„nËg
g¨vb‡MÖvf ebvÂj| Lyjbv, ev‡MinvU, mvZÿxiv I ei¸bv †Rjvq Gi Ae¯’vb| my›`ix e„ÿ, †MvjcvZvmn bvbv Rv‡Zi Dw™¢` Ges
wPÎj nwiY, evN, evbi, nbygvbmn bvbv Rv‡Zi cïcvwLi Avevm GB my›`ieb| Af¨šÍ‡i Qwo‡q _vKv AmsL¨ Lv‡j i‡q‡Q Kzwgi|
†ivgv wcÖq ch©UKMY †bŠhv‡b K‡i my›`ie‡bi †mŠ›`h© Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z †h‡Z cv‡ib| fq I fv‡jv jvMvi Ac~e© wg‡k‡ji Kvi‡Y
my›`ieb ågY †h‡Kv‡bv ch©U‡Ki ¯§„wZ‡Z ¯’vqx n‡q _v‡K| Kwei fvlvq
cy‡®ú cy‡®ú fiv kvwL, Kz‡Ä Kz‡Ä Mv‡n cvwL
¸Äwiqv Av‡m Awj cy‡Ä cy‡Ä †a‡q|
Zviv dz‡ji Dci Nywg‡q c‡o dz‡ji gay †L‡q|
wm‡j‡Ui ivZvi¸j : wm‡jU †Rjvi †MvqvBbNv‡U Aew¯’Z ivZvi¸j Rjveb evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ wgVvcvwbi eb| Gi AvqZb 3
nvRvi 325 GKi| 10 dzU Mfxi cvwbi Ici e‡bi MvQcvjv †R‡M _v‡K| el©vKv‡j cvwbi MfxiZv nq 20-30 dzU ch©šÍ|
ch©UKMY‡K †bŠKvq K‡i e‡bi g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq| GLv‡b Dc‡fvM Kivi g‡Zv Av‡Q K`g, wnRj, ARy©b, QvwZg
cÖf…wZ Mv‡Qi †mŠ›`h©| †eov‡Z †eov‡Z †`Lv n‡q hvq evbi, †ewR, ¸Bmvc, wKsev mv`v eK, gvQivOv, cvb‡KŠwo cÖf…wZ cÖvYx I
cvwLi m‡½|
mgy`ª‰mKZ : K·evRvi †Rjvq Aew¯’Z K·evRvi mgy`ª‰mKZ c„w_exi `xN©Zg (120 wK‡jvwgUvi `xN©) cÖvK…wZK mgy`ª‰mKZ|
mgy‡`ªi †mŠ›`h© Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z ch©UKiv wfo K‡ib K·evRv‡i| mgy`ª QvovI K·evRvi †Rjvq i‡q‡Q GKvwaK ÿz`ª RvwZmËvi
ag©xq Dcmbvjq I ey×g~wZ©| ¯’vcZ¨wk‡íi wePv‡i G¸‡jv Ag~j¨| GQvov PÆMÖv‡gi c‡Z½v, K·evRv‡ii Bbvwb, cUzqvLvjxi
KzqvKvUv, my›`ie‡bii KUKv cÖf…wZ mgy`ª‰mK‡Z ågYwccvmyiv †eov‡Z hvb| evsjv‡`‡ki me©`wÿ‡Y Aew¯’Z †m›UgvwU©b Øxc
evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ cÖevj Øxc| mg¯Í ØxcRy‡o i‡q‡Q bvwi‡Kj MvQ| Øxc †_‡K mgy‡`ªi bxj Rjivwki †mŠ›`h© Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z
Ges bvb iK‡gi cÖevj †`L‡Z ch©UKiv †m›UgvwU©b Øx‡c ågY K‡ib| †hb KweK‡É ZvB ïwb
mv_©K Rbg Avgvi R‡b¥wQ GB †`‡k
mv_©K Rbg, gv †Mv
mv_©K Rbg, gv †Mv †Zvgvq fv‡jv‡e‡m|
cve©Z¨ AÂj : evsjv‡`‡ki cve©Z¨ †Rjvmg~n A_©vr ivOvgvwU, ev›`ievb, LvMovQwo cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`‡h©i jxjv‡ÿÎ| GKw`‡K
myD”P cvnv‡oi P‚ovq D‡V †gN †Quvqvi Avb›`, Ab¨w`‡K cÖvK…wZK R‡ji Drm Sibvaviv ch©UK‡`i Awff‚Z K‡i| ivOvgvwUi
KvßvB n«‡` †bŠKvq †f‡m †eov‡bv hvq| n«‡`i Ic‡i GKwU my`„k¨ SzjšÍ †mZz i‡q‡Q| LvMovQwo †Rjvi AšÍM©Z AvjywUjv cvnvo,
wimvs Sibv, gvqvwebx †jK cÖf…wZ ¯’v‡b åg‡Yi nvZQvwb ch©UKiv AMÖvn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wm‡j‡Uii Rvdjs-Gi wcqvBb b`x‡Z
g‡bvgy»Ki cv_y‡i R‡ji aviv, †gŠjfxevRv‡ii gvaeKzÊ Sibv; nweMÄ, †gŠjfxevRvi, kÖxg½j I cÂM‡oi Pv evMvb; kÖxg½‡ji
B‡KvcvK© cÖf…wZ ¯’vb cÖvq mviveQiB ch©UK‡`i c`PviYvq gyLwiZ _v‡K| G AÂjmg~‡n ÿz`ª RvwZmËvi gvbyl‡`i ewY©j
RxebvPviI ch©UK‡`i AvKl©Y K‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ cve©Z¨ Øxc g‡nkLvjx| weL¨vZ Avw`bv_ gw›`i I e‡ov ivLvBbcvov
†eŠ×gw›`i GB Øx‡cB Aew¯’Z| Mv‡b Mv‡b ïwb ZvB cvnv‡oi SsKvi
jvj cvnvwo †`‡k hv
iv½vgwUi †`‡k hv
BÌvK Zz‡K gvbvB‡Q bv †i
B‡°ev‡i gvbvB‡Q bv †i
b`xi av‡i wkgy‡ji dzj
bvbv cvwLi evmv‡i bvbv cvwLi evmv
mKv‡j dzwU‡e dzj g‡b wQj Avkv †i
Ggb wQj Avkv|
cyivKxwZ© : evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZœZvwË¡K wb`k©b¸‡jvi i‡q‡Q HwZnvwmK ¸iæZ¡| cyivb XvKvi jvjev‡M Aew¯’Z †gvMj ¯’vcZ¨ jvjevM
†Kjøv, eywoM½vi Zx‡i wbwg©Z Avnmvb gwÄj, bvivqYM‡Äi †mvbviMuvI-G M‡o IVv Abycg ¯’vcZ¨ ˆkjxwewkó cvbvg bMi, Kzwgjøvq
Avwe®‹…Z cÖvPxb bMi gqbvgZx, e¸ovi cÖvPxb cyivKxwZ© gnv¯’vbMo, biwms`x †Rjvi †ejve Dc‡Rjvi AšÍM©Z AvovB nvRvi eQi
c~‡e©i cÖZœwb`k©b msewjZ Dqvix I e‡Uk¦i MÖvg, bIMuv †Rjvq Avwe®‹…Z c„w_exi me‡P‡q e‡ov †eŠ×wenvi cvnvocyi, ev‡Minv‡Ui
lvUM¤^yR gmwR`mn evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ A‡j i‡q‡Q cÖvPxb I AvaywbK ¯’vcZ¨Kjvi eû wb`k©b|
HwZnvwmK ¯’vcbv : Av‡iK †kÖwYi ¯’vcZ¨ evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡mi mvÿ¨ enb Ki‡Q| 1952 mv‡j msNwUZ fvlv
Av‡›`vj‡bi kwn`‡`i ¯§i‡Y XvKv †gwW‡Kj cÖv½‡Y ¯’vwcZ †K›`ªxq kwn` wgbvi, evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi kwn`‡`i cÖwZ
wb‡ew`Z I XvKvi mvfv‡i Aew¯’Z RvZxq ¯§„wZ‡mŠa, XvKvi kvnev‡M Aew¯’Z RvZxq Rv`yNi, †MvcvjM‡Äi Uzw½cvovq Aew¯’Z
e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi ¯§„wZ‡mŠa, 1971 mv‡ji 14B wW‡m¤^i wbnZ eyw×Rxex‡`i ¯§i‡Y XvKvi wgicy‡i wbwg©Z eyw×Rxex
¯§„wZ‡mŠa, XvKvi †mvnivIqv`©x D`¨vb Ges GB D`¨v‡b ¯’vwcZ ¯^vaxbZv Rv`yNi BwZnvm‡cÖgx ch©UK‡`i AvK…ó K‡i|
evsjv‡`‡k ch©Ub wk‡íi Ae¯’v : ch©Ub wek¦e¨vcx GKwU m¤¢vebvgq LvZ| wewfbœ cwimsL¨v‡b Rvbv hvq, wek¦Ry‡o ch©UK‡`i
mw¤§wjZ evwl©K ågY-e¨q 50 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv| Ggb A‡bK †`k i‡q‡Q, hvi cÖavb Av‡qi Drm ch©Ub| evsjv‡`‡ki ch©Ub
wkí w`‡b w`‡b weKvk jvf Ki‡Q| GKw`‡K we‡`wk ch©UK‡`i AvMgb †`‡ki ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi mÂq evwo‡q Zzj‡Q, Ab¨w`‡K
†`kxq ch©UK‡`i ågY mvgwMÖK A_©bxwZ‡Z BwZevPK cÖfve †dj‡Q| cwimsL¨v‡b †`Lv †M‡Q, cÖwZ eQi 50 †_‡K 60 jÿ
†`kxq ch©UK evsjv‡`‡kii wewfbœ ¯’v‡b ågY K‡i| G‡`i †ewkifvMB ga¨weË I wb¤œga¨weË †kÖwYi gvbyl| GB wecyj msL¨K
ch©UK wewfbœ ¯’v‡b PjvPj Kivq ch©U‡bi weKv‡ki m‡½ m‡½ †`‡ki A_©bxwZ MwZ jvf K‡i| cwienY, AvevwmK †nv‡Uj,
†i‡¯Íviuv, †cvkvK, AjsKvi cÖf…wZ e¨vemv ch©Ub wk‡íi weKv‡ki m‡½ RwoZ| ch©U‡bi weKv‡k AmsL¨ gvby‡li RxweKvi ms¯’vb
nq| eZ©gv‡b cÖvq 12 jÿ gvbyl cÖZ¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿfv‡e ch©Ub wk‡íi m‡½ mswkøó †_‡K RxweKvwbe©vn Ki‡Q| A_©bxwZwe`MY
g‡b K‡ib, ch©Ub wkí †_‡K 10 kZvsk ch©šÍ wRwWwc AR©b Kiv m¤¢e|
evsjv‡`‡ki ch©Ub wk‡íi mgm¨vmg~n : evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZi e‡ov wbqvgK ch©Ub wkí bvbvgyLx mgm¨vq RR©wiZ| wewfbœ Kvi‡Y
evsjv‡`‡k ch©Ub wk‡íi myôz weKvk n‡”Q bv| evsjv‡`‡ki ch©Ub wk‡íi mgm¨v¸‡jv n‡jv
1. ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZv : evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZvB ch©Ub wk‡íi Rb¨ e‡ov ûgwK| wewfbœ mgq evsjv‡`‡k ivR‰bwZK
A½b DËß _vKvi Kvi‡Y G †`‡ki ch©Ub wk‡íi weKvk evavMÖ¯Í nq|
2. †hvMv‡hvM Ges AeKvVv‡gvMZ mgm¨v : ch©Ub †K›`ª¸‡jv‡Z hvIqvi g‡Zv †hgb Avivg`vqK †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi Afve wVK
†Zgwb †mLvbKvi Avevmb e¨e¯’vI fv‡jv bq| ZvB ch©Ub †K›`ª¸‡jv AvKl©Yxq n‡jI ch©UKiv hvIqvi AvMÖn nvwi‡q †d‡j|
3. AvKl©Yxq cÖPviYvi Afve : ch©Ub †K›`ª¸‡jvi †mŠ›`h© wb‡q AvKl©Yxq cÖPviYv Pvjv‡bv nq bv| d‡j †mŠ›`h©wccvmy gvbyl Gme
AvKl©Yxq ¯’vb m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cv‡i bv|
4. `ÿ MvB‡Wi Afve : we‡`wk ch©UK‡`i‡K c_ †`Lv‡bv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i ch©Ub †K›`ª m¤úwK©Z BwZnvm HwZ‡n¨i mv‡_ cwiPq
Kwi‡q †`Iqvi Rb¨ †h `ÿ MvB‡Wi cÖ‡qvRb evsjv‡`‡k Zvi eoB Afve| †`vfvlx MvB‡Wi msL¨v hZ e„w× Kiv hv‡e
evsjv‡`‡k ZZ †ewk we‡`wk ch©UK Avm‡e|
5. miKvwi D‡`¨v‡Mi Afve : evsjv‡`‡ki miKvi ch©U‡bi g‡Zv GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© LvZ‡K memgqB Ae‡njv K‡i G‡m‡Q|
ch©Ub †K›`ª¸‡jvi e¨e¯’vcbv Ges wbivcËv wbwðZ Kiv miKv‡ii AMÖvwaKvi ZvwjKvq _vKvi K_v _vK‡jI ¯^vaxbZvi 43
eQi c‡iI Zv m¤¢e nqwb|
6. †emiKvwi D‡`¨v‡Mi Afve : evsjv‡`‡ki †emiKvwi D‡`¨v³v‡`i g‡a¨ Lye KgB Av‡Qb hviv ch©Ub wk‡íi w`‡K g‡bv‡hvM
w`‡q _v‡Kb| cÖvq me †`‡kB ch©Ub wkímg„× n‡q‡Q †m †`‡ki †emiKvwi D‡`¨v³v‡`i D‡`¨v‡M| wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡ki
D‡`¨v³viv wewb‡qvM Kivi myôz cwi‡ek Ges wbwðZ wbivcËvi Afve‡eva †_‡K ch©Ub Lv‡Z wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z Pvb bv|
7. ch©vß Ges DbœZ cÖwkÿ‡Yi Afve : ch©UK‡`i evievi AvK…ó Kivi Rb¨ ch©Ub †K‡›`ªi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ mKj Kg©KZ©v Ges
Kg©Pvix‡`i DbœZ Ges ch©vß cÖwkÿY †`Iqv cÖ‡qvRb| evsjv‡`‡k G ai‡bi e¨e¯’v LyeB mxwgZ|
8. wbivcËvi Afve : evsjv‡`‡ki ch©Ub wk‡í wbivcËvi Afve cwijwÿZ nq| Le‡ii KvM‡R cÖvq Lei Av‡m we‡`wkiv wewfbœfv‡e
cÖZvwiZ ev †fvMvwšÍi wkKvi n‡”Q| ch©Ub †K›`ª¸‡jv‡Z c~Y© wbivcËvi Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y we‡`wkiv A‡bK mgq evsjv‡`‡k Av‡mb bv|
ch©Ub wk‡íi ¸iæZ¡ : GKwU †`‡ki ch©Ub wkí weKwkZ n‡j †mB †`‡ki ms¯‹…wZI mg„× nq| ch©Ub GjvKvq Awaevmx‡`i
Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó nq| gvby‡li A_©‰bwZK DbœwZ Z¡ivwš^Z nq| ch©UK‡`i AvMÖn i‡q‡Q Ggb ¯’vb, ¯’vcbv ev wel‡qi cÖwZ ¯’vbxq
Awaevmx‡`iI kÖ×vkxj K‡i †Zv‡j| Zviv wb‡R‡`i BwZnvm-HwZn¨ I ms¯‹…wZ iÿvq ZvwM` Abyfe K‡i| GQvov ch©U‡bi m~‡Î
wewfbœ fvlv I ms¯‹…wZi gvby‡li †gjeÜb GKwU gvbweK wek¦ ˆZwi‡Z f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i|
ch©Ub wk‡íi weKv‡k KiYxq : c„w_exe¨vcx ch©Ub wkí GLb `ªæZ weKvk jvf Ki‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k K‡qKwU wel‡qi cÖwZ bRi w`‡j
ch©Ub GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z ch©UK‡`i hvZvqvZ evo‡e| cÖ_‡gB ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv DwPZ hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’vi w`‡K| DbœZ c_ I hvbevn‡bi
e¨e¯’v bv _vK‡j ch©UKiv wbiærmvwnZ n‡e, GUvB ¯^vfvweK| evsjv‡`‡ki cve©Z¨ AÂjmn †ekwKQz ch©Ub‡K‡›`ª †cuŠQv‡bvi mnR
c_ I hvbevn‡bi e¨e¯’v †bB| ch©Ub‡K›`ª¸‡jv‡Z me ai‡bi wbivcËv e¨e¯’v wbwðZ Kiv Riæwi| ch©UKiv hv‡Z wbf©‡q I wbtms‡Kv‡P
ågY Ki‡Z cv‡i, Zvi wbðqZv _vK‡Z n‡e| AwZwi³ ågY-e¨q ch©UK‡`i åg‡Y wbiærmvwnZ K‡i| ZvB, hvZvqvZ Ges _vKv-
LvIqvmn mswkøó e¨q hv‡Z mxgvi g‡a¨ _v‡K Zv we‡ePbvq †bIqv DwPZ| evsjv‡`‡ki Dbœq‡bi MwZi avivevwnKZv iÿvi Rb¨
ch©Ub wk‡íi mg„w× cÖ‡qvRb| GRb¨ m‡PZbZv e„w×i cvkvcvwk wb‡¤œv³ c`‡ÿc¸‡jv MÖnY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i
1. ch©Ub bxwZgvjvi myôz ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z n‡e|
2. ch©Ub †K›`ª¸‡jv‡Z mn‡R †cuŠQv hvq Ggb †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v cÖwZôv Ki‡Z n‡e|
3. we‡`wk ch©UKiv hv‡Z wbwe©‡Mœ Ae¯’vb Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
4. ch©Ub wel‡q e¨vcK MYwkÿv Ges ¯‹zj-K‡jR wek¦we`¨vj‡q QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i ch©Ub wel‡q wkÿv w`‡Z n‡e|
5. cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwkÿY cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g `ÿZvm¤úbœ ch©UK MvBW (Tourist Guide) M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e|
6. cwienY Lv‡Zi SzuwK Kgv‡Z n‡e| hv‡Z †`wk-we‡`wk ch©UKiv †Kv‡bv Sv‡gjv QvovB wegvb, jÂ, evm ev Ab¨vb¨ hvbevn‡b
K‡i ch©Ub †K‡›`ª †cuŠQv‡Z cv‡i|
7. miKvwi-†emiKvwi †hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡M ch©Ub †K›`ª¸‡jv‡K AvKl©Yxq K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e|
8. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvK…wZK ˆbmwM©K `„k¨¸‡jv‡K cÖPviYvi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb K‡i ch©UK‡`i AvK…ó Ki‡Z n‡e|
9. m‡e©vcwi †`‡ki AvBb-k„•Ljv iÿvi gva¨‡g ivR‰bwZK w¯’wZkxjZv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
Dcmsnvi : evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h©, ¯’vcZ¨Kjv, ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡`i ˆewPΨc~Y© Rxeb I ms¯‹…wZ ch©UK‡`i AvKl©Y Kivi
Rb¨ h‡_ó| Z‡e ch©Ub‡K GKwU wkí wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z I ¯’vqx iƒc w`‡Z `iKvi ivóªxq bxwZgvjv I Gi cÖ‡qvM| ¯’vbxq
cÖkvm‡bi cvkvcvwk ch©Ub‡K‡›`ªi Awaevmx‡`iI ch©UK‡`i mn‡hvwMZvq m¤ú„³ Kiv DwPZ| ch©UK‡`i h_vh_ wbivcËv I
mn‡hvwMZv †`Iqv †M‡j åg‡Yi cÖwZ Zv‡`i Drmvn AviI evo‡e| Gi d‡j GKw`‡K †hgb evsjv‡`‡ki gvbweK ms¯‹…wZ, BwZnvm-
HwZ‡n¨i cwiPq wek¦gq Qwo‡q co‡e, Ab¨w`‡K †`‡ki A_©bxwZi PvKv AviI MwZkxj n‡e|
abav‡b¨ cy‡®ú fiv, Avgv‡`i GB emyÜiv
Zvnvi gv‡S Av‡Q †`k GK mKj †`‡ki †miv
I †m ¯^cœ w`‡q ˆZix †m †`k ¯§„wZ w`‡q †Niv|
Ggb †`kwU †Kv_vI Lyu‡R cv‡e bv‡Kv Zzwg,
mKj †`‡ki ivYx †m †h Avgvi Rb¥f‚wg,
†m †h Avgvi Rb¥f‚wg, †m †h Avgvi Rb¥f‚wg||