Tribhuwan University

PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS
Lamachaur, Pokhara/Lekhnath-16

Project Proposal on

Design and Analysis of a Commercial Building

Submitted by:

Sagar Parajuli – 072/BCE/097

Sagar Rokaya – 072/BCE/098

Sanam Shrestha – 072/BCE/100

Shashanka Karki – 072/BCE/113

Sunil Das – 072/BCE/127

Submitted to:

Department of Civil & Geomatics Engineering Department,

Paschimanchal Campus, Lamachaur, Pokhara

Executive Summary
Considering the fact that the technology is expanding in an exponential rate, so is the
demands of people. With such demands come the necessities of fulfillment of services
of people that are needed in the daily basis. In the quest of fulfilling such demands,
Commercial Buildings is one of a way that is immensely followed around the world.

According to Wikipedia, commercial buildings are buildings that are used

for commercial purposes, and include office buildings, warehouses, and retail buildings
(e.g. convenience stores, 'big box' stores, and shopping malls). Although there are some
commercial buildings that are constructed, still they are not sufficient enough to fulfill
the needs of increasing consumer demands from a future perspective. So keeping that
in view, this project will focus on the demand and will try to rectify the problems that
are being faced by the general consumers.

The main aim of this project is to construct a commercial building from the structural,
serviceability, stability, technical, aesthetic and economic prospective. This building shall
contain the shopping center of different items, restaurants and bars, fitness and gym
hall, a cinema hall, meeting halls, sports center, etc. It will be done so by first analyzing
the present condition of the commercial building in the locality. Then after a detail
literature review, detail planning, designing, analyzing, testing and finally modeling will
be done. It will cover all the economic aspect of construction. Time evaluation will also
be carried out in this project. Further, this project will also discuss about the future
projection of such public demands and will study the necessity of construction of such
buildings in future.

Background
In the past, design of a new building was mainly an imitation of the design
of an existing building. But in the present world, there is rapid emersion of the new
technologies related to safe, economical and stable construction.

The first aspect of the project to be considered is its geographical aspect. As Nepal is
located at an active seismic zone, it is very prone to frequent earthquake attacks. So the
building must be able to resist the earthquake without losing its structural stability.
Keeping that in account, our project will strongly consider these facts and will not fail
and will stand until its designed life.
We believe that constructing a commercial building can have a greater impact in
changing the society too. As it can be a center place for many people gathering,
interacting and cooperating with each other, it can help to create a strong sense of
bonding between the people which will ultimately help in improving social aspect of
society.

Considering the economical aspect of the project, it will have an important influence in
the people as a whole and as an individual. It will create an employment opportunity for
people. Not only that, it will provide different services to the consumers which will help
in uplifting the living standard of general people.

Literature Review
We are proposing a commercial building based on standard consideration of previously
constructed buildings and Building By-Laws, Design Code of Practices like IS-
456:2000,IS875(Part I,II),IS-19320:1993,etc and National Building Code(NBC 206:2003).
Above being just guidelines for constructing a building, we have also consulted many
books regarding the construction of a commercial building.

Among many design philosophy, we have adopted a Limit State Design Method for our
construction project. The object of design based on the limit state concept is to achieve
an acceptable probability that a structure will not become unserviceable in its life time
for the use for which it is intended, i.e. it will not reach a limit state.

Scope of Work
The public continually demands more complex buildings than in the past. They
must serve more purposes, last longer, and require less maintenance and repair. As
in the past, they must look attractive. Yet, both building construction and operating
costs must be kept within acceptable limits.

Along with that, the advancement of future will create the need of services for general
consumer more and more demanding. What if, one could find all the needs in one
place? Without wandering all around the city, one could find everything in one place.
This is possible only when a commercial building with careful planning and designing is
done. So, commercial building could be the place in future for all people to spend their
time in.

Project Objectives
The specific objectives of the project are:

o Preparation of the plan of the building to meet the requirements for its intended
use.
o Identification of the structural arrangement of the plan.
o Modeling the building for structural analysis.
o Analyzing the structure using structural analysis program.
o Sectional design of the structural members.
o Preparation of detail structural drawing.
o Operation of the building in an energy-efficient way while permitting the
structure to serve its purpose efficiently.

Methodology
After the formation of the project team, brain storming was done and an idea of
construction of a commercial building was finalized. With the help of various research
articles, books, handbooks and internet sources, literature review was done.
Now, site investigation and data collection is to be done thoroughly along with the
advice of the supervisor.

The designing, analyzing and modeling of the building design including calculation of
various dimensions, loads, selection of sections, and selection of a suitable site is to be
finalized. Finally, the obtained outcome and expected outcome of the designed system
is compared and further modifications will be done if necessary.

In brief sense, it includes following steps:

a. DATA COLLECTION
All the data required for this project work will first be taken from different literatures.
Design parameters will be taken from Indian Standard code of practices.

b. LOAD CALCULATION

Load calculation will be done using the IS 875-1987(Part 1 & Part 2) as reference. The
exact value of unit weight of materials used in the building for calculation for weight will
be taken from the code. Thickness or depth of materials or section will be fixed as per
requirement and according to specifications in code.

c. MODELING

Load testing of a real structure to determine the responses is not

possible all the time
due to economical, technical and environmental constraints. This fact
leads to the
computer modeling of the complex structure by dividing it into simple
elements of
known solutions. An appropriate model is a prerequisite for an
appropriate design.
The structural analysis of the model is must to get the approximate
response of structure
under the prevailing loading conditions. This response will then be
used to derive the element internal forces and stresses, upon which
the design of the element will be based.

d. DESIGN AND DETAILING OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

After modeling a structure with sufficient test to verify its structural stability, it will then
be further preceded for designing. For this, each components of the building i.e. slab,
beam, column, foundation and staircase will be separately designed
and detailing of reinforcement will done.

Limitations
Although our main aim is to provide a structurally stable as well as aesthetic building,
there are some few limitations which cannot be denied. Some of them are listed below:
 1. The design philosophy in which the building is going to be designed has some
assumptions which may not be practical.
2. Many standard values will be taken from IS code which may not be exact from
the practical point of view.
3. As it is proposed to be constructed in a Pokhara city, it may not be accessible to
some far rural areas people.
4. The full range of aesthetic aspect of the building may not be achieved due to the
projects’ economic limitation.

Project Schedule

Conclusion
Whenever the construction of any types of building comes in the mind, it is always
desirable to have it structurally stable with good serviceability until its designed life
period. Also, it must serve its purpose to the daily user and consumer with efficiencies.
Not only that, it must have aesthetic view considering the people demand. But again,
there comes the economic aspect of the construction and it must not be neglected. So
keeping all these key factors in mind, a structure must be built which can be convenient
not only to the present population but also to the future generation. It must stand there
being as an example and inspiration to other people as well. To meet this challenge
successfully, continual improvements in building design and construction must be made.
Building designers and constructors should be alert to these advances and learn how to
apply them skillfully.