Mathematics9_q3_CLAS4_Problem Solving Involving Parallelogram Trapezoid, And Kite_v5 - JOSEPH AURELLO
Mathematics9_q3_CLAS4_Problem Solving Involving Parallelogram Trapezoid, And Kite_v5 - JOSEPH AURELLO
NAME:__________________________________________
GRADE/SECTION:______________________________
MATHEMATICS
Quarter III – Week 4
Solving Problems Involving
Parallelograms, Trapezoids,
and Kites
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Let’s Try
Directions: Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space
provided before the number.
1
For item 9:
In a kite KARI, KR = 24 inches and AI = 15 inches.
_____9. What is the area of the kite?
A. 170 sq. inches B. 12 sq. inches C. 7.5 sq. inches D. 180 sq. inches
For item 10:
̅̅̅̅ ∥ ̅̅̅̅
In a trapezoid TRAP, RT AP. RT measures 23 inches and AP measures 35 inches.
____10. What is the median of the trapezoid?
A. 26 inches B. 29 inches C. 32 inches D. 35 inches
Sure. In problem
solving, we need to
consider some steps
like illustrating the
problem, identifying,
and making a
representation of the
variables, and
finally, writing and
solving the equation.
2
Before we proceed to the problem-solving activities, let us recall the different
properties of parallelogram, trapezoid, and kite.
• Properties of Parallelogram
1. In a parallelogram, any two opposite sides are congruent.
2. In a parallelogram, any two opposite angles are congruent.
3. In a parallelogram, any two consecutive angles are supplementary.
4. The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
5. A diagonal of a parallelogram forms two congruent triangles.
• Theorems on Trapezoid
1. The median of a trapezoid is parallel to each base and its length is one half the
sum of the lengths of the bases.
2. The base angles of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.
3. The opposite angles of an isosceles trapezoid are supplementary.
4. The diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.
• Theorems on Kites
1. In a kite, the perpendicular bisector of at least one diagonal is the other diagonal.
2. The area of a kite is half the product of the lengths of its diagonals.
Now, let us use the properties to find the measures of the angles, sides, and other
quantities involving parallelogram. Note that figures are not drawn to scale.
Questions Answers
1. In a parallelogram ELMN, EL=12 Note: EL and MN are opposite sides of a
units. How long is MN? parallelogram and they are congruent.
E L ̅̅̅̅̅
MN ≅ ̅EL
̅̅̅
MN = EL
MN = 12
N M MN = 12 units.
2. In a parallelogram AXIS, m∠A = 100o . Note: ∠A and ∠I are opposite angles of a
What is m∠I? parallelogram and they are congruent.
A X ∠I ≅ ∠A
100 𝑜 m∠I = m∠A
m∠I = 100o
S I m∠I = 100o
3. In a parallelogram LOVE, m∠L = 85 . Note: ∠L and ∠O are consecutive angles of a
o
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This time, we apply the theorems to find the measures of the angles, sides, and other
quantities involving trapezoids. Note that figures are not drawn to scale.
Questions Answers
1. In a trapezoid MESA, U and R are the Note: UR is the median and it is half the
midpoints of the legs AM and ES sum of the lengths of the bases.
respectively. EM=13 units, and EM + AS
UR =
AS=15 units. How long is UR? 2
M E 13 + 15
UR =
2
28
U R UR =
2
UR = 14
A S UR = 14 units.
2. In an isosceles trapezoid BAIT, Note: ∠A and ∠B are base angles of an
̅̅̅̅ ̅ . If m∠A = 68.5o , what is m∠B? isosceles trapezoid and they are congruent.
AB ∥ IT
B A ∠B ≅ ∠A
68.5o m∠B = m∠A
m∠B = 68.5o
T I m∠I = 68.5o
3. In an isosceles trapezoid TELA, Note: ∠A and ∠E are opposite angles of an
̅̅̅̅
AT ≅ ̅EL isosceles
̅̅̅. If m∠A = 83.4o , what is m∠E? trapezoid and they are
T E supplementary.
m∠A + m∠E = 180o
83.4o + m∠E = 180o
m∠E = 180o − 83.4o
83.4o
m∠E = 96.6o
A L m∠E = 96.6 o
At this point, we will use the properties and theorems to find the measures of the
angles, sides, and other quantities involving kite. Note that figures are not drawn to scale.
Questions Answers
1. In a kite CUTE, CU ≅ CE and, the Note: EU and CT are the diagonals of a kite
̅̅̅̅ intersect at S. If and CT bisects EU.
̅̅̅̅ and EU
diagonals CT
EU=25 units, how long is US? EU
US =
U 2
25
C S US =
2
T US = 12.5
E US = 12.5 units.
2. In a kite HOPE, EO=15 units, and Note: EO and HP are the diagonals of a kite
HP=63 units. What is its area? and the area is half their product.
O (EO)(HP)
A=
2
H P (15)(63)
A=
2
E A = 472.5
A = 472.5 square units.
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In the following section, you will encounter some simple problem situations that will
require your knowledge on the properties of parallelogram, trapezoid, and kite. The steps
and the discussions of each step are also provided to guide you with your problem-
solving activity.
Let us study the problem situation that involves parallelogram.
Problem 1:
Mrs. Cruz has a rectangular vegetable garden planted with okra, eggplant, and
alugbati. The garden has a perimeter of 64 meters with a length of 4 meters less than
thrice the width. What are the dimensions of the garden? How large is the garden’s area?
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After solving the equation, we can now answer the questions.
1. What are the dimensions of the garden?
The width is 9 meters, and the length is 23 meters.
𝐿 = 3𝑤 − 4
𝐿 = 3(9) − 4
𝐿 = 27 − 4
𝐿 = 23
2. How large is the garden’s area?
We can find the area by multiplying the width and the length.
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = (23)(9)
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 207
The area of a rectangular garden is 207 square meters.
Problem 2:
Jupeth was asked to make a flagpole stand. He formed a pyramid out of wood and
cut off the upper portion of the pyramid parallel to its base forming the lower portion a
frustum. Each lateral face of a frustum is an isosceles trapezoid. The upper base of the
trapezoid measures 12 inches and lower base measures 20 inches. How long is the
median?
Solution:
Step 1. Illustrate the problem.
a
b
Step 2. Identify and make a representation of the variables.
▪ Let a be the length of the upper base of the isosceles trapezoid.
▪ Let b be the length of the lower base of the isosceles trapezoid.
▪ Let m be the median of the isosceles trapezoid.
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At this point, we study and solve the problem-situation involving kite.
Problem 3:
On a summer vacation, Drixh and Andre wanted to play. They decided to make a kite
with a recycled plastic cover. The diagonals of the kite measure 12 inches and 20 inches.
What is the area of the plastic which they have used for the kite?
Solution:
Step 1. Illustrate the problem.
𝐴 = 120
The area of the plastic cover they used for the kite is 120 square inches.
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Let’s Practice
1. ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Column A Column B
_______ 1. Illustrate the A. Assign or use symbols of
problem. variables.
_______ 2. Identify and make a B. Establish relationship among
representation of the variables.
the variables.
_______ 3. Write the equation. C. Use or apply the different
mathematical concepts.
_______ 4. Solve the equation. D. Sketch or draw the situation.
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Directions:
Directions: Read the problem below. Complete the process of solving the problem.
Problem:
Jessie was assigned to bring a parallelogram piece of plywood in his geometry
class. His teacher told him that the pair opposite sides measure (2𝑥 + 13) inches and
(5𝑥 − 2) inches. How long are the opposite sides?
Solution:
Step 1. Illustrate the problem.
A B
D C
Step 2. Make a representation of the variables.
Let 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 be the parallelogram.
Let 𝐴𝐵 = 2𝑥 + 13.
Let 𝐶𝐷 = 5𝑥 − 2.
What are the important things to remember in writing mathematical equations out of the
situational problems?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
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Let’s Do More
Directions: Read the problem below. Given the first two, perform the rest of the steps
to solve the problem.
Problem:
Danniella’s homework was to draw an isosceles trapezoid on a sheet of paper with
the base angles measuring (3𝑥 + 11) degrees and (5𝑥 − 9) degrees. What is the degree
measure of each base angle?
Solution:
Step 1. Illustrate the problem.
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Directions: Solve the problem. Perform the tasks described in each step.
Problem:
In a parallelogram LOVE, 𝑚∠𝐿 = 5𝑥 − 2 degrees and 𝑚∠𝑉 = 3𝑥 + 4 degrees. What
are the degree measures of angles L and V?
Solution:
Step 1. Illustrate the problem.
O V
L E
Step 2. Make a representation of the variables.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Step 3. Write the equation involving the variables.
Theorem: The opposite angles of a parallelogram are congruent.
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Let’s Sum It Up
Directions: Do the following.
A. Arrange the following steps according to the process of solving problems.
____ Solve the equation
____ Write the equation
____ Illustrate the problem
____ Identify and make a representation of the variables
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Let’s Assess
Directions: Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space
provided before each number.
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Answer Key
Let’s Try
1. D 2. A 3.C 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. B
Let’s Practice
Activity 1:
A.
1. Illustrate the problem. 3. Write the equation involving the variables.
2. Make a representation of the variables. 4. Solve the equation.
B.
1. D 2. A 3.B 4. C
Activity 2:
Step 3 Step 4 Answer: 23
𝐶𝐷 = 𝐴𝐵 5𝑥 − 2𝑥 = 13 + 2 𝐴𝐵 = 2(5) + 13 𝐶𝐷 = 5(5) − 2
5𝑥 − 2 = 2𝑥 + 13 3𝑥 = 15 𝐴𝐵 = 10 + 13 𝐶𝐷 = 25 − 2
𝑥=5 𝐴𝐵 = 23 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝐶𝐷 = 23 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠
Let’s Do More
Activity 1
Step 3 Step 4 Answer: 41
𝑚∠𝐹 = 𝑚∠𝐺 5𝑥 − 3𝑥 = 11 + 9 𝑚∠𝐺 = 3(10) + 11 𝑚∠𝐹 = 5(10) − 9
5𝑥 − 9 = 3𝑥 + 11 2𝑥 = 20 𝑚∠𝐺 = 30 + 11 𝑚∠𝐹 = 50 − 9
𝑥 = 10 𝑚∠𝐺 = 41 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 𝑚∠𝐹 = 41 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠
Activity 2
Step 2
𝑚∠𝐿 and 𝑚∠𝑉 are the measures of the opposite angles of the parallelogram.
Step 3 Step 4 Answer:
𝑚∠𝐿 = 𝑚∠𝑉 5𝑥 − 3𝑥 = 4 + 2 𝑚∠𝐿 = 5(3) − 2 𝑚∠𝑉 = 3(3) + 4 𝑚∠𝐿 = 130
5𝑥 − 2 = 3𝑥 + 4 2𝑥 = 6 𝑚∠𝐿 = 15 − 2 𝑚∠𝑉 = 9 + 4 𝑚∠𝐹 = 130
𝑥=3 𝑚∠𝐿 = 13 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 𝑚∠𝐹 = 13 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠
References
Module
Bryant, Merden L., Leonides E. Bulalayao, Melvin M. Callanta, Jerry D. Cruz, Richard F.
De Vera, Gilda T. Garcia, Sonia E. Javier, Roselle A. Lazaro, Bernadeth J. Mostiero,
and Rommel Hero A. Saladino. Mathematics 9: Learner’s Material. Pasig City:
Department of Education, 2014.
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FEEDBACK SLIP
4. Was there any part of this CLAS that you found difficult?
If yes, please specify what it was and why.
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Date Returned:
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