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Module 4 - Engineering Mechanics

The document outlines the principles of virtual work in engineering mechanics, focusing on the relationship between force, matter, and motion. It defines key concepts such as virtual displacement and virtual work, and explains the principle of virtual work for systems in equilibrium. Additionally, it includes problem-solving methods and assignments related to the topic.

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astrolostinsauce
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8 views

Module 4 - Engineering Mechanics

The document outlines the principles of virtual work in engineering mechanics, focusing on the relationship between force, matter, and motion. It defines key concepts such as virtual displacement and virtual work, and explains the principle of virtual work for systems in equilibrium. Additionally, it includes problem-solving methods and assignments related to the topic.

Uploaded by

astrolostinsauce
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGINEERING MECHANICS

(MEE11002)

Mechanics is the area of mathematics and physics concerned with the relationships between force, matter, and motion among
physical objects

Dr. Tirupataiah Kasani, Assistant Professor


Department of Mechanical Engineering, SOET
ADAMAS UNIVERSITY
Syllabus (3-0-0)
Introduction (Force - work)
Introduction (Couple - work)

The term virtual is defined by Webster as “being in essence of effect but not in fact”
Importance of virtual work: Only forces that do work as the system moves through a virtual displacement
are needed to determine the mechanics of the system.
The work done is virtual if the displacements are virtual or the forces acting are virtual.
Therefore, there are two virtual work approaches
❖ Principle of virtual displacements
❖ Principle of virtual forces
Virtual Displacement
Definition
✓ We consider now a particle whose static equilibrium position is determined by the forces
that act on it. Any assumed and arbitrary small displacement r away from this natural
position and consistent with the system constraints is called a virtual displacement.
✓ The term virtual is used to indicate that the displacement does not exist really but only is
assumed to exist so that we may compare various possible equilibrium positions to
determine the correct one.
✓ The work done by any force F acting on the particle during the virtual displacement r is
called virtual work and is

Where is the angle between F and r, and s is the magnitude of r.


Virtual Work
Definition
✓ The virtual work done by external active forces on an ideal mechanical system in equilibrium is zero for
any and all virtual displacements consistent with the constraints. [OR]
✓ If a rigid body is in equilibrium, the total work of the external forces acting on the rigid body is zero for
any virtual displacement of the body

Under Equilibrium resultant force is zero,


therefore work done is zero
Principle of Virtual Work
➢ If a particle is in equilibrium, the total virtual work of forces acting on the particle is
zero for any virtual displacement.
➢ If a rigid body is in equilibrium, the total virtual work of external forces acting on the
body is zero for any virtual displacement of the body.
➢ If a system of connected rigid bodies remains connected during the virtual
displacement, only the work of the external forces needs to be considered.
Virtual Work Method
Steps
▪ Give an elemental virtual displacement to the body in equilibrium in the suitable direction
▪ Write down the work done by each force in the system
▪ Sum up to get the total work done by the system of forces and equate it to zero to get the required
equations. Many times such equations are identical to equations of equilibrium. However, the method
of getting these equations is completely different in this method.
Problem
Determine the resultant of a system of concurrent forces acting on a body using the virtual work
method as shown in Fig.
Solution: Virtual displacement method
Problem
Determine the magnitude of the couple M required to maintain the equilibrium of the mechanism.

Solution:
Problem
Determine the force exerted by the vice on the block when a given force P is applied at C. Assume that there is no
friction.
Solution:
Problem
Determine the expressions for ɵ and for the tension in the spring which correspond to the equilibrium position
of the spring. The unstretched length of the spring is h and the constant of the spring is k. Neglect the weight
of the mechanism.
Solution:
Problem
Determine the vertical reaction force By at the roller support B of the simple beam loaded as shown in Fig by
using (a) the traditional method, and (b) the virtual work method.
Solution: Traditional method (FBD)

Solution: Virtual work method (VDD)

Step 1: Draw FBD of beam

Step 2: Draw VDD (Virtual displacement diagram of the beam Step 3: Set to zero the total virtual work done
Assignment problems
Textbook: S. S. Bhavikatti, K. G. Rajashekarappa - Engineering Mechanics-New Age International (1994)

1. Page no_170: Problem Example 7.2


2. Page no_176: Problem Example 7.10
3. Page no_180: Problem Example 7.15

Textbook: Engineering-mechanics-statics-7th-edition-j-l-meriam-l-g-kraige

1. Page no_406: Sample Problem 7/1


2. Page no_407: Sample Problem 7/2
3. Page no_408: Sample Problem 7/3
4. Page no_409: Problem 7/2

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