Structured Programming

using C++

Lecture 3 (15 Oct 2024)

 Microsoft Teams Team
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To follow the course:
– Open Microsoft Teams app.
– Sign-in with your university edu mail;
– Press on “Join or create a team” icon;
– In the “Join a team with a code” Enter the following
– code:
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2r47chr

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 Operators in C++
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Are used for operations!
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Between values: cout << 5 + 6
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Between variables: cout << x + y
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Between variables and values: x = x + 4
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Different types of operations:
– Arithmetic: + - * / % ++ --
– Assignment: = += -= *= /= %= &= |= ^= >>= <<=
– Comparison: == != > < >= <=
– Logical: && || !
– Bitwise: & | ~

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 Arithmetic Operators
01.cpp
int x = 15, y = 2;
float a = 15, b = 2;
cout << x + y << endl;
cout << x - y << endl;
cout << x * y << endl;
cout << x / y << endl;
cout << a / b << endl;
cout << x % y << endl;
cout << x++ << "\t" << x-- << "\t" << x << endl;
cout << ++y << "\t" << --y << "\t" << y << endl;
cout << 1 + 2 * 3 / 4 << endl;
cout << (1 + 2) * 3 / 4 << endl;

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 Assignment Operators
02.cpp
int x = 15, y = 2;
x = y; cout << x << endl;
x += y; cout << x << endl; //x = x + y
x -= y; cout << x << endl; //x = x - y
x *= y; cout << x << endl; //x = x * y
x /= y; cout << x << endl; //x = x / y
x %= y; cout << x << endl; //x = x % y

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 Comparison Operators
03.cpp
int x = 15, y = 2;
cout << (x == y) << endl;
cout << (x != y) << endl;
cout << (x > y) << endl;
cout << (x < y) << endl;
cout << (x >= y) << endl;
cout << (x <= y) << endl;
x = 2;
cout << (x >= y) << endl;
cout << (x <= y) << endl;

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 Logical Operators
04.cpp
int x = 15, y = 0;
cout << ((x == y) && (x != y)) << endl;
cout << ((x == y) || (x != y)) << endl;
cout << (!(x == y)) << endl;
cout << (!((x == y)&&(x != y))) << endl;
cout << (x && y) << endl;
cout << (x || y) << endl;
cout << (!x) << endl;

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 Strings
05.cpp
string firstName = "Marwa";
string last_name = "Yusuf";
//Note variable names
cout << firstName << last_name << endl;
cout << firstName << " " << last_name << endl;
string fullName = firstName.append(last_name);
cout << fullName << endl;
int x = 10, y = 20;
string a = "10", b = "20";
cout << x + y << endl;
cout << a + b << endl;
cout << x + a << endl; //wrong

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 More Strings
06.cpp
string name = "Fady Hasan";
cout << name.length() << "\t" << name.size() << endl;
cout << name[0] << "\t" << name[1] << "\t";
cout << name[name.length() - 1] << endl;
cout << name.at(0) << "\t" << name.at(1) << "\t";
cout << name.at(name.length() - 1) << endl;
name[0] = 'K';
cout << name << endl;
name = "Fady \t Hasan \n";
cout << name;

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 Math
07.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;

int main() {
cout << max(5, 10) << endl;
cout << min(5, 10) << endl;
cout << sqrt(9) << endl;
cout << round(27.15) << endl;
cout << log(2) << endl;
return 0;
}

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 Control Flow
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The order which the instructions follow during program execution.
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3 basic control structures:
– Sequence (ordinary order)
– Selection (if, if/else, switch)
– Repetition(while, do/while, for)

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 Control Flow - Sequence
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All what we had till now was sequential execution.

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 Control Flow – Conditions – If

int x = 5, y = 10;
if (x > y)
cout << x << endl;
cout << "Bye!\n";

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 Control Flow – Conditions – If Else

int x = 5, y = 10;
if (x > y)
cout << x << endl;
else
cout << y << endl;
cout << "Bye!\n";

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Control Flow – Conditions – If Else If Else If ... Else
08.cpp
int x, y, z;
cin >> x;
cin >> y;
cin >> z;
if (x == 20)
cout << x << endl;
else if (y == 20)
cout << y << endl;
else if (z == 20)
cout << z << endl;
else
cout << "Hard Luck!\n";
cout << "Bye!\n";

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 Control Flow – Conditions – Switch
09.cpp
int choice;
cin >> choice;
switch(choice) {
case 1 : printf("Arch\n"); break;
case 2 : printf("Elec\n"); break;
case 3 : printf("Mech\n"); break;
case 4 : printf("Civil\n"); break;
default : printf("Surv\n");
}
cout << "Good Luck!\n";
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That’s Enough for Today

See You Next Week

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