SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER - 5

Geography (029)
Class XII (2024-25)

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:
Read the following instructions carefully and follow them:
1. This question paper contains 30 questions. All questions are compulsory.
2. Question paper is divided into five sections A, B, C, D and E.
3. Section A Questions no. 1 to 17 are Multiple Choice type questions. Each question
carries 1 mark.
4. Section B Questions no. 18 and 19 are Source-based questions. Each question
carries 3 marks.
5. Section C Questions no. 20 to 23 are Short Answer type questions. Each question
carries 3 marks. Answer to these questions shall be written in 80 to 100 words.
6. Section D Questions no. 24 to 28 are Long Answer type questions. Each question
carries 5 marks. Answer to these questions shall be written in 120 to 150 words.
7. Section E Questions no. 29 and 30 are Map-based questions. Each question carries
5 marks.
8. There is no overall choice given in the question paper. However, an internal choice
has been provided in a few questions in all sections other than Section A.
Section A
1. Assertion (A): The human development index is not the most reliable measure. [1]
Reason (R): It reflects what has been achieved in the key areas of human
development.

a) Both A and R are true and R is b) Both A and R are true but R is
the correct explanation of A. not the correct explanation of
A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

2. Match the following correctly [1]

Europeans Crops introduced in colonies
(a) French (i) Tea garden in India
 (b) Spanish and Americans (ii) Sugarcane in Indonesia
(c) British (iii) Coffee and cocoa in West Africa
(d) Dutch (iv) Coconut and Sugarcane in Philipines

a) (a) - (ii), (b) - (iii), (c) - (i), (d) - b) (a) - (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d)
(iv) - (ii)

c) (a) - (iv), (b) - (i), (c) - (iii), (d) d) (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d)
- (ii) - (i)

3. The Big Trunk Route runs through: [1]

a) The North Atlantic Ocean b) The Mediterranian - Indian

Ocean

c) The South Atlantic Ocean d) The North Pacific Ocean

4. Consider the following statements and choose the correct option for the same: [1]
i. More concentration of population resulted in compact or clustered rural
settlements.
ii. Fertile plain provides a more agricultural output which attracts more population
to live and engage in agriculture.

a) Only i is correct b) Only ii is correct

c) Both the statements are d) Both statements are correct and

incorrect statement ii correctly explains
the statement i

5. Which of the following is not included in the four pillars of human development? [1]

a) Discrimination b) Empowerment

c) Productivity d) Equity

6. Which one of the following is a ferrous mineral? [1]

a) Bauxite b) Mica

c) Coal d) Iron ore

7. At which one of the following places was the first atomic power station started? [1]
 a) Narora b) Tarapur

c) Rana Pratap Sagar d) Kalpakkam

8. Which one of the following is the cause of acid rain? [1]

a) Air pollution b) Water pollution

c) Land pollution d) Noise pollution

9. Which of the following sea route connects Vancouver and Yokohama? [1]

a) Mediterranean - Indian Ocean b) South Atlantic sea route

sea route

c) North Atlantic sea route d) North Pacific sea route

10. Consider the following statements and choose the correct option for the same: [1]
i. A meaningful life is not just a long one but must be a life with some purpose.
ii. People must be healthy, be able to develop their talents, participate in society and
be free to achieve their goals.

a) Both i and ii are correct b) Only ii is correct

c) Only i is correct d) Both i and ii are incorrect

11. Arrange the following countries in sequential order of their high value index. [1]
Choose the correct option
i. Switzerland
ii. Norway
iii. Ireland
iv. Iceland

a) iii, ii, iv, i b) ii, iii, i, iv

c) ii, iv, iii, i d) i, iii, iv, ii

12. Who coined determinism? [1]

a) Paul Vidal de la Blache b) Griffith Taylor

c) Ratzel d) Ellen C. Semple

13. Which group of states is highly affected by the concentration of fluoride in [1]
groundwater resources?

a) Uttar Pradesh b) Bihar-West Bengal

c) Rajasthan-Maharashtra d) Punjab-Haryana

14. Name the settlement which is physically separated from each other into several [1]
units bearing a common name.

a) Hamleted Settlements b) Clustered Settlements

c) Dispersed Settlements d) Semi-Clustered Settlements

Question No. 15 to 17 are based on the given text. Read the text carefully and answer [3]
the questions:
Study the given graph carefully and answer the following questions:

15. Which of the following aspects is represented by the graph?

a) Place of Origin, Growth and b) Resource, Technology and
Destination Population Growth

c) Institution, Information and d) Classification of period in BC,

Increase in Population AD and Century

16. During the sixteenth and seventeenth century which factor set the stage for rapid
population growth?
a) Expanding world trade b) Technological revolution

c) Economic reforms d) Age of European exploration

17. After the evolution and introduction of ________ about 12,000 to 8,000 years ago, the size
of population was small-roughly 8 million.
a) Agriculture b) Industrialisation

c) Technology d) All of these

Section B
18. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [3]
Manufacturing Industry
Manufacturing literally means ‘to make by hand’. However, now it includes goods
’made by machines’. It is essentially a process which involves transforming raw
materials into finished goods of higher value for sale in local or distant markets.
Conceptually, an industry is a geographically located manufacturing unit
maintaining books of accounts and records under a management system. As the
term industry is comprehensive, it is also used as synonymous with
‘manufacturing’. When one uses terms like ‘steel industry’ and ‘chemical industry’,
one thinks of factories and processes. But there are many secondary activities
which are not carried on in factories such as what is now called the ‘entertainment
industry’ and ‘Tourism industry’, etc. So for clarity, the longer expression
‘manufacturing industry’ is used.
i. What do you mean by the term Manufacturing? (1)
ii. Manufacturing involves value addition. Explain with any one suitable
example. (1)
iii. Name two industries that provide services rather than the production of goods.
(1)

19. Study the map given below carefully and answer the following questions. [3]

i. Identify and name the railway line shown on the map. (1)
ii. Name the continents linked by this rail route. (1)
iii. Explain how this railway line is helpful for the promotion of trade in this region?
(1)

Section C
20. Why the share of total water used is less in other sector? [3]
 OR
Examine any three causes for the deterioration of ‘quality of water’ in India.

21. Study the chart given below and answer the questions that follow: [3]

Source: Census of India,2011

i. On what bases the rural and urban population divided?
ii. Give one difference between rural and urban populations?
iii. Why the growth rate of the urban population in India has accelerated?

22. How does a couritry identify whether it is in a position of positive balance of trade [3]
or in negative balance of trade?

23. India is fast emerging as an important destination of medical tourism in the world. [3]
Discuss.

Section D
24. Describe the main features of market gardening and horticulture. [5]

25. What is the importance of water transport? Describe in brief water transport system [5]
of India.

OR
Describe the inland waterways of India.

26. Differentiate between bilateral trade and multilateral trade. Explain how ports are [5]
helpful in trade.

OR
Explain different aspects of international trade.
27. Describe the conditions of growth, production and distribution of coffee in India. [5]

OR
Inspite of significant developments Indian agriculture suffers from certain problems.
Explain.

28. Write a short note on drought-prone area programme. How does this programme [5]
help in the development of dryland agriculture in India?

OR
Attaining sustainable development in the command area requires major thrust upon the
measures to achieve ecological sustainability. Highlight the measures proposed to
promote sustainable development in the command area of Indira Gandhi Rajasthan
Canal.

Section E
29. On the given political outline map of the World, seven geographical features have [5]
been marked as A, B, C, D, E, F and G. Identify any five with the help of the
following information and write
their correct names on the lines drawn near them:
A. An area of extensive commercial grain farming
B. A terminal station of Trans-Siberian Railway
C. An area of nomadic herding
D. An area of commercial livestock rearing
E. A major sea port of Asia
F. A major international airport of Europe
G. A major shipping canal

30. Locate and label any five of the following geographical features on the Political [5]
Outline map of India with appropriate symbols:
a. Mayurbhanj Iron-ore mines
b. Shimoga Manganese mines
c. Jamnagar Oil refinery
d. An important seaport in West Bengal
e. Name an important coal mine in Tamil Nadu
f. The state leading in the production of Cotton
g. The state with lowest population density
 Solution
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER - 5
Geography (029)
Class XII (2024-25)
Section A
1.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
The human development index measures attainments in human development. It reflects
what has been achieved in the key areas of human development. Yet it is not the most
reliable measure. This is because it does not say anything about the distribution.
Both the reason and the assertion are correct but the reason does not explain the assertion.
2.
(b) (a) - (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (ii)
Explanation:
(a) - (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (ii)
3. (a) The North Atlantic Ocean
Explanation:
The North Atlantic Ocean
4.
(d) Both statements are correct and statement ii correctly explains the statement i
Explanation:
Both statements are correct and statement ii correctly explains the statement i
5. (a) Discrimination
Explanation:
Discrimination
6.
(d) Iron ore
Explanation:
Iron ore.
Iron ore is an important ferrous minerals mined in India. The two main ores of iron are
magnetite and hematite.
7.
(b) Tarapur
Explanation:
Tarapur
8. (a) Air pollution
Explanation:
 Air pollution
9.
(d) North Pacific sea route
Explanation:
North Pacific sea route connects Vancouver and Yokohama
10. (a) Both i and ii are correct
Explanation:
Both i and ii are correct
11.
(b) ii, iii, i, iv
Explanation:
ii, iii, i, iv
12.
(b) Griffith Taylor
Explanation:
Griffith Taylor
13.
(c) Rajasthan-Maharashtra
Explanation:
Rajasthan-Maharashtra.
Over withdrawals in states like Rajasthan and Maharashtra, has increased fluoride
concentration in groundwater.
14. (a) Hamleted Settlements
Explanation:
Sometimes a settlement is fragmented into several units physically separated from each
other bearing a common name, such settlements are called Hamleted Settlements. These
units are locally called panna, para, palli, nagla, dhani, etc. in various parts of the
country. This segmentation of a large village is often motivated by social and ethnic
factors. Such villages are more frequently found in the middle and lower Ganga plain,
Chhattisgarh, and lower valleys of the Himalayas.
15. (b) Resource, Technology and Population Growth
Explanation:
Resource, Technology and Population Growth
16. (a) Expanding world trade
Explanation:
Expanding world trade
17. (a) Agriculture
Explanation:
Agriculture
Section B
18. i. Manufacturing literally means ‘to make by hand’. However, now it includes goods
’made by machines’.
ii. It is essentially a process that involves transforming raw materials into finished goods
of higher value. For example, Raw cotton is transformed into more valuable threads and
then threads are further transformed into more valuable fabric.
iii. Two industries that provide services rather than the production of goods are the
entertainment industry and tourism industry.
19. i. Trans-Siberian railway line has been shown on the map.
ii. It connects Asia and Europe.
iii. This railway line runs across the Ural mountains and connects agro centres like Chita
and Irkutsk. It also acts as a linkage between different manufacturing centres.
Section C
20. Agriculture accounts for most of the surface and ground water utilisation, it accounts for
89 per cent of the surface water and 92 per cent of the groundwater utilisation. While the
share of industrial sector is limited to 2 per cent of the
surface water utilisation and 5 per cent of the ground-water, the share of domestic sector is
higher (9 per cent) in surface water utilisation as compared to groundwater. The share
ofagricultural sector in total water utilisation is much higher than other sectors.
OR
Water quality means water free from unwanted foreign substances or purity of water.
The three causes responsible for the deterioration of the quality of water in India are as
follows:
i. The foreign substances like micro-organisms, chemicals, industrial and other wastes
make water polluted. Because of these substances, the quality of water decreases and it
becomes unsuitable for the uses of human beings.
ii. Toxic substances are responsible for water pollution by dissolving or suspending in
lakes, streams, rivers, ocean or another water source. It declines the quality of water and
harms aquatic life and systems.
iii. When toxic substances seep down, they pollute groundwater.
21. i. The division of the population into rural and urban is based on residence and
occupation.
ii. The rural population refers to people living in rural areas whereas the Urban population
is the people living in urban areas.
 iii. The growth rate of the urban population has accelerated due to enhanced economic
development and improvement in health and hygienic conditions.
22. A country identifies whether it is in a position of positive balance of trade or in negative
balance of trade through the following points:
If a country exports greater value of commodities than its imports, it is in the position
of positive balance of trade. The economy may grow in this condition.
Conversely, if the country imports greater value of commodities than its exports, then
it is in the position of negative balance of trade. Its economy then experiences a
downward trend.
23. India has emerged as the leading country of medical tourism in the world as:
i. World class hospitals located in metropolitan cities cater to patients all over the world.
ii. Medical tourism brings abundant benefits to developing countries like India.
iii. Treatment for various ailments costs about one-fourth of the cost incurred in the
advanced countries.
iv. Patients find it cheaper even after spending for their air passage to reach India and
enjoy as tourists in addition to medical treatment
v. Medical tourism has benefited developing countries like India, Malaysia, Thailand, and
Singapore.
Section D
24. A market garden is the relatively small-scale production of fruits, vegetables and flowers
as cash crops, frequently sold directly to consumers and restaurants. ... Market gardening
and orchard farming are closely related to horticulture, which concerns the growing of
fruits and vegetables.Their features are;
1. It specialises in the cultivation of high value crops such as vegetable, fruits and flowers.
2. Crops are cultivated exclusively for the urban markets.
3. Farms are small and are located near urban market.
4. It is both labour and capital intensive.
5. It lays emphasis on the use of irrigation, HYV seeds, fertilisers, insecticides,
greenhouses and artificial heating in colder regions.
6. This type of agriculture is well developed in densely populated industrial areas of
Europe, U.S.A. and the Mediterranean regions.
7. Netherlands specialises in the cultivation of flowers and horticultural crops which are
flown to all major cities.
25. Importance of waterways are as follows:
i. Waterways are an important mode of transport for both passengers and cargo traffic in
India.
 ii. Waterways provide the cheapest and most suitable transportation for heavy and bulky
material.
iii. It is a fuel efficient and eco-friendly means to transport.
There are two types of water transport system in India:
i. Inland Waterways: India has 14500 km of navigable inland waterways which is used
for about 1% of the country's total transportation. It includes rivers, canals, backwater,
creeks, etc. At present, 3700 km of major rivers and 4300 km of canal network are
navigable by mechanised vessels.
The inland waterways authority is responsible for the development, maintenance and
regulation of national waterways in the country. Currently, there are three Inland
waterways which are considered as national waterways.
ii. Oceanic Routes: India's vast coastline of about 7517 km including islands easily
facilitates this type of transport. There are twelve major and 185 minor ports, which
provide infrastructural support to these routes. About 95% of India's foreign trade by
volume and 70% by value moves through oceanic routes. Besides, trade, its
development is also necessary for the transportation between the island and mainland of
India.
OR
i. India is endowed with many navigable rivers and inland water bodies but the share of
inland waterways is only one percent in the country’s transport system.
ii. The deltaic areas of Godavari, Krishna and Mahanadi, lower reaches of Narmada and
Tapti, backwaters of Kerala, Mondovi and Zuari rivers of Goa are some of the major
inland waterways.
iii. There are 111 officially notified Inland National Waterways (NWs) in India identified
for the purposes of inland water transport, as per The National Waterways Act, 2016.
iv. For the development, maintenance and regulation of national waterways in the country,
the Inland Waterways Authority was set up in 1986.
v. The inland waterways of India are:
Inland Waterway 1: Allahabad-Haldia stretch of Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly river
system
Inland Waterway 2: Sadiya-Dhubri stretch of the Brahmaputra River (Assam)
Inland Waterway 3: Kottapuram-Kollam stretch of the West Coast Canal, Champakara
Canal and Udyogmandal Canal (Kerala)
Inland Waterway 4: Kakinada-Pondicherry along Godavari and Krishna River system
Inland Waterway 5: Talcher – Paradip (Odisha)

26. Basis Bilateral Trade Multilateral Trade

 As the term suggests multi-lateral
Involvement of Bilateral trade is done by two
trade is conducted with many
countries countries with each other.
trading countries.
In this type of trade,
Complementary or The trade is not complementary
commodities of the two
Supplementary but supplementary.
countries are complementary.
This type of trade includes
Variation in This type of trade is limited to
.exchange of various types of
Commodities certain commodities.
goods and services.
Ports are helpful in a trade because:
i. Ports are gateways of international trade.
ii. They promote international trade.
iii. Ports provide facilities of docking, loading, unloading and storage facilities for cargo.
iv. A large amount of goods can be taken in by ships.
v. The quantity of cargo handled by a port is an indicator of the level of development of its
hinterland.
OR
International trade has three important aspects. These are volume, sectoral composition
and direction of trade.
1. Volume of Trade: Volume of trade is the total quantity of shares or contracts traded for
a specified security. It can be measured on any type of security traded during a trading
day.Volume of trade measures the total number of shares or contracts transacted for a
specified security during a specified time period. It includes the total number of shares
transacted between a buyer and seller during a transaction. When securities are more
actively traded, their trade volume is high, and when securities are less actively traded,
their trade volume is low.
2. Composition of Trade: It refers to the items of which trade consists of. Composition of
trade means a study of the goods and services of imports and exports of a country. In
other words, it tells about the commodities of imports and the commodities of exports
of a country. Therefore it indicates the structure and level of economic development of
a country. Developing countries export raw materials, agricultural products and
intermediate goods; developed countries export finished goods, machines, equipments
and technique.
3. Direction of Trade: It refers to the countries with which a country has trade relations.
Like india's majority of trade was with UK during colonial rule. The developing
countries of the present used to export valuable goods and artefacts, etc.. which were
 exported to European countries. During the 19th century there was a reversal in the
direction of trade. European countries started exporting manufactured goods for
exchange of foodstuffs and raw materials from their colonies. Europe and U.S.A.
emerged as major trade partners in the world and were leaders in the trade of
manufactured goods. The world trade pattern underwent a sea change during the second
half of the twentieth century. Europe lost its colonies while India, China and other
developing countries started competing with developed countries.
27. Conditions of Growth:
i. Temperature: Coffee requires uniformly high temperature (22 °C), throughout the
year.
ii. Rainfall: Coffee needs an annual rainfall of 100 to 150 cm.
iii. Soils: Coffee needs deep, fertile soil. It should contain iron, potash and organic content.
Lava soils and deep loams are suitable.
iv. Land: Coffee grows best on well-drained hill slopes. Most of coffee is grown at a
height up to 1000 metres.
v. Cheap Labour: Coffee has to be hand picked. Therefore large, cheap labour is
required. The transplanting, pruning, harvesting and processing of coffee need a large
supply of human labour.
Production: Coffee production in India stood at 348,000 metric tonnes in 2015-16. In
2015-16, India accounted for 4.05% of global coffee production. About 60% of the total
production is exported through the ports of Kozhi-Kode, Chennai and Mangaluru. India
earns foreign exchange of about ₹1500 crores by this export.
Areas of Cultivation: Coffee is mostly grown in the hills and plateaus of Southern India
in Shimoga, Kadoor, Hassan and Coorg districts (Nilgiris in Karnataka).
OR
It is true that there is a significant development in Indian agriculture but it is still low in
comparison to the developed countries of the world. Several factors are responsible for
these situations. These are:
i. Environmental factors: The most serious problem is the erratic nature of monsoons.
The period of rainfall is limited and it is highly variable and uncertain. This situation
affects agricultural development.
ii. Economic factors: Indian agriculture is today well on road of industry and commerce.
For good agriculture, some investments have to be made. The investment on tractors,
HYV seeds and fertilizers etc. to make agriculture a profitable enterprise.
iii. Institutional factors: Due to the increasing pressure of population on the cropped land,
the size of land-holdings are also being uneconomic and getting smaller and
fragmented. It is the major obstacle in the way of modernization of agriculture.
 iv. Technological factors: Agricultural techniques are old and inefficient, mechanisation is
very limited. The only one-third area is under irrigation. These conditions keep the
agriculture productivity and intensification of farming at a low level.
v. Inadequate irrigation facilities: Agriculture in India depends on monsoonal rainfall.
Due to uncertain and variable rainfall irrigation is necessary. Only 22% of cultivated
land is under irrigation. Therefore, irrigation is required to increase yield productivity.
28. Drought-prone area programme was initiated during the Fourth Five Year Plan. Its main
objective was providing employment to the people in drought-prone areas and creating
productive assets. Initially, this programme laid emphasis on the construction of labour-
intensive civil works. But later on, it emphasised on irrigation projects, land development
programmes, afforestation, grassland development and creation of basic rural
infrastructures such as electricity, roads, market, credit and services.
This programme has played an important role in the development of dryland agriculture in
India as:
i. It has been observed that this programme is largely confined to the development of
agriculture and allied sectors with a major focus on the restoration of ecological
balance.
ii. Growing population pressure is forcing society to utilise the marginal lands for
agriculture. It is causing ecological degradation. Therefore, there is a need to create
alternative employment opportunities in drought-prone areas.
iii. The adoption of integrated watershed development approach at the micro-level can be
other approaches for the development of these regions.
iv. The restoration of ecological balance between water, soil, plants, and human and animal
population should be a basic consideration in the strategy of development of drought-
prone areas.
OR
The measures proposed to promote sustainable development in the Indira Gandhi
Rajasthan Canal Command Area are
Strict implementation of water management policy is required. The canal project
envisages protective irrigation in Stage-I and extensive irrigation of crops and pasture
development in Stage-II.
In general, the cropping pattern shall not include water intensive crops. It shall be
adhered to and people shall be encouraged to grow plantation crops such as citrus
fruits.
The CAD (Common Area Development) programmes such as lining of water courses,
land development and leveling and warabandi system (equal distribution of canal
 water in the command area of outlet) shall be effectively implemented to reduce the
conveyance loss of water.
The areas affected by water logging and soil salinity shall be reclaimed.
The eco-development through afforestation, shelterbelt plantation and pasture
development is necessary particularly in the fragile environment of Stage-II.
The social sustainability in the region can be achieved only if the land allottees having
poor economic background are provided adequate financial and institutional support
for cultivation of land.
Section E
29. A. PAMPAS
B. Trans Siberian railway -VLADIVOSTOK
C. MADAGASCAR
D. NEW ZEALAND
E. ADEN
F. LONDON
G. PANAMA

30.