5 Feb 2025

Variation
CHAPTER 4

ECOSYSTEM: Different individuals in a population

possesses different characteristics and

BIODIVERSITY abilities. This increases the chance of

survival of living things.

Adaptation Types of Adaptation

It is a key factor for an organism to survive on its
environment and this will happen if an organism
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accidentally mutates. Thus, this characteristic of
organisms helps the flow of energy in an ecosystem by
ensuring that there will be enough source of food and how Structural Physiological
Behavioral
do organism can survive whenever there are changes in Adaptation Adaptation
Adaptation
the environment where they live.

Structural Adaptation Physiological Adaptation

These are mechanisms present in an organism that allow it to perform
There are certain parts of their body that they use just to
certain biochemical reactions to survive in its natural habitat.
survive and catch its food.

Venomous animals produce Hydrochloric acid helps your Most of a camel's fat is
Succulents store water within Red Foxes have fluffy fur Smooth Green Snakes have poison to catch their prey, to body to break down, digest, stored in its humps, which
themselves to compensate that keeps them warm in the hard scales that protect their protect themselves or to and absorb nutrients such as allows for better
for the lower water winter. bodies when they slither ward off predators. protein. thermoregulation
availability. across the ground.

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Behiovoral Adaptation Snakes use their long

This adaptation is what an organism do just to survive in a Identify the tongue to catch more

particular change on its environment. following insects as their food.

STRUCTURAL
adaptations if it is
structural adaptation Camels store fat (not
or behavioral water) in their hump.
adaptation. PHYSIOLOGICAL

Birds migrate to the south in Bats hibernate or migrate to Leaves of the sensitive plant Birds have different
winter as there is more food warmer areas with more protect themselves from
available, but some birds abundant food supply. predators and environmental kinds of beak.
also do migrate for the
purpose of reproduction.
conditions by folding in STRUCTURAL
response to touch.

Thick fat of penguin

Identify the protects them against the
following cold. STRUCTURAL
adaptations if it is
structural adaptation
Human sweats when Biodiversity and
Stability
temperature increases.
or behavioral PHYSIOLOGICAL
adaptation. Owls are active during the
night to avoid daytime
predators and reduce
competition for resources.
BEHAVIORAL

Types of Biodiversity
Biodiversity
Refers to a variety of different organism
that interact with one another.
Species Diversity Genetic Diversity Ecosystem Diversity
variety of species who lives in genetic materials within a biomes or types of
a community specific species ecosystem

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Categories of Value of Species Stability

It is a state of balance in an ecosystem where it
maintains the flow of nutrients (abiotic factor) and
the flow of energy in a form of food. If any factor that
Direct Economic Value
Indirect Economic Value Aesthetic Value
maintains this balance is gone, the system may
The products are sources of
food, medicine, clothing,
Gives benefits without using Provides visual or artistic collapse.
them/it. enjoyment
shelter, and energy.

Biodiversity
Plants, animals, and
microorganisms
Relationship between
Stability is the Biodiversity and Stability
resilience to Food Web
withstand
High Biodiversity = High Stability
changes that flow of energy
may occur in Low Biodiversity = Low Stability
the STABILITY
environment.

Low Biodiversity = Low Stability High Biodiversity = High Stability

X X
X
X X
X X X

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Carrying Capacity It is the maximum population size of a

species that can be supported by a
specific environment.

Carrying
Capacity

• Exponential Growth happens when a population grows rapidly without

any limits because resources are abundant. It forms a J-shaped curve on
a graph. Factors that can
• Logistic Growth starts with rapid growth but slows down as resources
become limited, eventually stabilizing at a maximum population
affect the carrying Availability of
(carrying capacity). This forms an S-shaped curve. capacity of an Necessities
ecosystem
Environmental
Condition

Defined as the increase in the size of Limiting factors

organism's population
that can Affect Mortality (death)
Population Growth
Natality (birth)
Immigration
Population Emmigration
Growth

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Thank you for listening!