Scribd
Upload
6 views

analog modeling (5)-1

The document outlines an experiment focused on analog modeling of dynamical systems using transfer functions in the Simulink environment. It details the process of creating analog models through direct decomposition methods and provides examples, including the necessary equations and steps for implementation. Additionally, it includes lab instructions for designing analog models for specific transfer functions and requirements for a report summarizing the lab work.

Uploaded by

hal dir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

analog modeling (5)-1

The document outlines an experiment focused on analog modeling of dynamical systems using transfer functions in the Simulink environment. It details the process of creating analog models through direct decomposition methods and provides examples, including the necessary equations and steps for implementation. Additionally, it includes lab instructions for designing analog models for specific transfer functions and requirements for a report summarizing the lab work.

Uploaded by

hal dir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Prof. Andrzej Dzieliński, Dr.

Michal Macias
Control Lab

Analog modeling

1. Exercise goals

The experiment deals with analog modeling of selected dynamical systems given in transfer functions
forms. The analog models corresponding to appropriate transfer functions should be realized in Simulink
environment based on such basic algorithms as: integrators, sums and gains. A sample analog model
compared to its transfer function implementation (given in “transfer fcn” algorithm) is presented in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1 Sample model realization of selected dynamical system and its validation based on “transfer fcn”
algorithm.

2. Analog modeling based on direct decomposition method

The analog model of dynamical system can be achieved based on general procedures of direct
decomposition method. In this case, the input and output equations are expressed by integrals terms and
this fact can be used during analog realization process.

Let us begin with general transfer function form given by

𝑏𝑛−1 𝑠 𝑛−1 + 𝑏𝑛−2 𝑠 𝑛−2 + ⋯ + 𝑏1 𝑠 + 𝑏0


G(s) =
𝑠 𝑛 + 𝑏𝑛−1 𝑠 𝑛−1 + ⋯ + 𝑎1 𝑠 + 𝑎0

Dividing its numerator and denominator by 𝑠 𝑛 leads to

𝑏𝑛−1 𝑠 −1 + 𝑏𝑛−2 𝑠 −2 + ⋯ + 𝑏1 𝑠1−𝑛 + 𝑏0 𝑠 −𝑛


𝐺(𝑠) =
1 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑠 −1 + ⋯ + 𝑎1 𝑠 −𝑛+1 + 𝑎0 𝑠 −𝑛
Then, multiplying numerator and denominator by additional variable E(s) gives

𝑏𝑛−1 𝑠 −1 + 𝑏𝑛−2 𝑠 −2 + ⋯ + 𝑏1 𝑠1−𝑛 + 𝑏0 𝑠 −𝑛 𝐸(𝑠) 𝑌(𝑠)


𝐺(𝑠) = ⋅ =
1 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑠 −1 + ⋯ + 𝑎1 𝑠 −𝑛+1 + 𝑎0 𝑠 −𝑛 𝐸(𝑠) 𝑈(𝑠)

Finally, the equations (1) and (2) based on integrals terms can be obtained

𝑌(𝑠) = (𝑏𝑛−1 𝑠 −1 + 𝑏𝑛−2 𝑠 −2 + ⋯ + 𝑏1 𝑠1−𝑛 + 𝑏0 𝑠 −𝑛 )𝐸(𝑠) (1)

𝑈(𝑠) = (1 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑠 −1 + ⋯ + 𝑎1 𝑠1−𝑛 + 𝑎0 𝑠 −𝑛 )𝐸(𝑠) (2)

To make the analog model it is convenience to rewrite (2) to the following form

𝐸(𝑠) = 𝑈(𝑠) − (𝑎𝑛−1 𝑠 −1 + ⋯ + 𝑎1 𝑠1−𝑛 + 𝑎0 𝑠 −𝑛 )𝐸(𝑠) (3)

Having (1) and (3), it is possible to make an analog realization of appropriate dynamical system.
Example 1 shows analog realization of selected dynamical system.
Example 1.
Make an analog model for
2𝑠 + 3
G(𝑠) =
𝑠2 + 4𝑠 + 5

Solution

a) Divide the numerator and denominator of given transfer function by 𝑠 3


2𝑠 −1 + 3𝑠 −2
G(𝑠) =
1 + 4𝑠 −1 + 5𝑠 −2

b) Multiply G(𝑠) by additional variable E(𝑠)


2s −1 + 3s −2 E(s) Y(s)
G(s) = −1 −2
⋅ =
1 + 4s + 5s E(s) U(s)

c) Read out the output equation and rewrite input equation to obtain E(𝑠)
Y(s) = (2s −1 + 3s −2 )E(s)
E(s) = E(𝑠) − (4𝑠 −1 + 5𝑠 −2 )E(s)
d) Based on above equations make the analog model corresponding to selected transfer
function

Fig. 2. Analog model corresponding to transfer function G(𝑠).

e) Step response of achieved analog model is presented in Fig. 3

Fig. 3. Step response of analog model compared to its transfer function implementation in
“transfer fcn” algorithm.

3. Lab instructions

Design analog models for below transfer functions and compare their step responses to original ones
described in “transfer fcn” algorithms.
2
a) G(s) =
s+3
2
b) 𝐺(s) =
1
s (s + 2)
1
c) 𝐺(s) =
s2 +1
1
d) G(s) =
s2 +s+1
s+1
e) G(s) =
s2 +s+1
s2 + 1
f) G(s) =
s 3 + 2s 2 + 3s + 1
s−1
g) G(s) =
s+1

4. Report

The report should contain:

a) Short description of main lab goals.


b) Analytical calculations for analog models gathering (as it was presented in Example 1).
c) Schemes of analog models from Simulink environment.
d) Step responses of analog models compared to their transfer functions responses given in “transfer fcn”
algorithms.
e) Conclusions

You might also like