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Questions and Answers for STA 127

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WARNING: The questions provided here are

selected from previously and Frequently Asked
Questions on STA127 and should NOT be taking
for questions that will be asked in your CA. Using
the FAQ analysis in selecting the questions, there
are possibilities though of coming across similar
questions here in your CA BUT our aim is to give
everyone the opportunity to practice and
understand the subject under discuss rather
than relying on EXPOnents for your success.

A s u r v e y o f a c l a s s o f t h i rrtty g r a d u a t e s s h o w e d t h a tt
f i v e g r a d u a t e d w i t h a d i s ttiin c t i o n , n i n e g r a d u a t e d
w i t h u p p e r c r e d i t , f o u r t e eenn g ra d u a te d w ith lo w e r
c r e d i t a n d t w o g r a d u a t e dd w i t h a p a s s . W h a t i s t h e
p r o b a b i l i t y t h a t a g r a d u a ttee s e l e c t e d f r o m t h i s g r o uup
p
h as an u pper credit?
5/10
9/10
1/6
3/10
I f A a n d B a r e t w o m u t u aalll y e x c l u s i v e e v e n t s i n t h ee
s a m p l e s p a c e a d d i t i o n r uulle s t a t e s t h a t
P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B) - P(AnB)
P(AUB) = P(A) * P(B)
P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B)
P(AUB) = P(A) - P(B)
A c o i n i s t o s s e d 3 t i m e ss.. T h e t o t a l p o s s i b l e o u t c oom
me o r
sam ple space is_____
8
32
16
4
12
S u p p o s e d a f a i r d i e i s t o sssse d t w i c e , t h e t o t a l s a m pplle s p a c e
is______
 12
36
26
24
32
C o n s i d e r t h e e x p e r i m e n t i n w h i c h t w o c o i n s a r e t oosss e d .
W h a t i s t h e p r o b a b i l i t y t hhaat e i t h e r t h e f i r s t o r t h e
seco nd com es up tail?
3/4
1/4
1
1/2
In a family of four children, what is the probability that 3
out of the four children will be female?
1/32
1/2
1/8
3/8
S u p p o s e t h a t w e h a v e a ffu us e b o x c o n t a i n i n g 2 5 f u ssees o f
w h i c h s e v e n a r e d e f e c t i v ee.. I f t w o f u s e s a r e s e l e c t e d a t
r a n d o m a n d r e m o v e d f r oom m t h e b ox in s u c c e s s io n
w i t h o u t r e p l a c i n g t h e f i r sstt f u s e . t h e p r o b a b i l i t y t h aatt
b o t h f u s e s a r e d e f e c t i v e iiss _ _ _ _ _
1/19
7/10
7/100
6/25
A r e a l v a l u e f u n c t i o n t h a tt a s s i g n s n u m e r i c a l v a l u e t o
p o s s i b l e o u t c o m e o f a n eexxp e r i m e n t i s c a l l e d _ _ _ _
Random Variable
 Combination
Probability
Permutation
In order to m ake certain fo rm u la com pact, it is ve ry
c o n v e n i e n t t o t a k e 0 ! = 1 eevve n t h o u g h t h e i d e a m a kkees n o
s e n s e b y a r i t h m e t i c d e f i nniit i o n . T h e n o t a t i o n w a s
Introduced by w ho
Christian Kramp
Thomas Acquina
Pablo Kunt
Christian Mark
C o n s i d e r t h e e x p e r i m e n t i n w h i c h t w o d i c e a r e t h rro ow n
t o g e t h e r . W h a t i s t h e p r oob
ba b i l i t y o f o b t a i n i n g s u m
m of
poin ts equ al 13
4/13
0
1/6
1/12
Thunder
L e t E b e a n y e v e n t i n t h e s a m p l e s p a c e . T h e p r o b aab
bi l i t y
o f n o n - o c c u r e n c e o f t h e eevve n t E i s g i v e n b y
1 + P(E)
P(E)
1 - P(E)
P(E) / n
I n h o w m a n y w a y s c a n t hhee l e t t e r o f t h e w o r d
S TAT I S T I C S b e a r r a n g e
3628800 ways
50400 ways
20 ways
 34520 ways
Evaluate 6C3
4
24
8
20
10
I n h o w m a n y w a y s c a n f oou
ur p e o p l e b e s e a t e d i n t w
woo
differen t seats?
24
12
6
8
A p r o b a b i l i t y f u n c t i o n i s ggiiv e n b y p ( 0 ) = 0 . 3 1 6 4 p ( 1 )) =
0 . 4 2 1 9 p ( 2 ) = 0 . 2 1 0 9 p ( 3 ) = 0 . 0 4 6 9 a n d p ( 4 ) = 0 . 0 0 3399.
Fin d its m ean
0.65
0.55
1
0.98
A r a n d o m v a r i a b l e X h a s t h e p r o b a b i l i t y m a s s f u n cctti o n
p ( 0 ) = 1 / 6 , p ( - 3 ) = 1 / 2 , p ( 44)) = 1 . 3 . O b t a i n t h e v a r i a n ccee
of X
10
10/6
59/6
0
F o r w h a t v a l u e o f k i s k / x 2 a p r o p e r d i s t r i b u t i o n f u nncct i o n
for x= 1, 2
1/5
 4/5
3/4
3/5
T h e r a n d o m v a r i a b l e x r eep pr e s e n t t h e n u m b e r o f d e f e c t i v e
m i s s i l e s w h i l e f i v e m i s s i l ee a r e f i r e d h a s t h e
probability distribu tion
x: 0 1 2 3 4 5
f ( x ) : 0 . 3 1 0 . 1 8 0 . 1 5 0 . 2 22 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 1
D eterm in e the expected value of th e distribu tion
1.71
0.6
0.4
0.2
I f a n o p e r a t i o n c a n b e p eerrf o r m e d i n n w a y s , a n o t hheer
o p e ra tio n c a n b e p e rfo rm meed i n n 2 w a y s . I n h o w
m a n y w a y s c a n t h e t w o oop pe r a t i o n s b e p e r f o r m e d
sim u ltan eo usly?
n1*n2
n1 + n2
n1! + n2!
n1! * n2!
E u r o p e a n f o o t b a l l c o n s i s tt o f 1 6 c l u b s . h o w m a n y m
maat c h e s
h a v e t o b e p l a y e d i n o r d eerr t h a t e a c h t e a m p l a y s
every other team
120
240
120
60
W h a t i s t h e p r o b a b i l i t y t hhaat t h e r e a r e n o t m o r e t h aan
n three
boys in a fam ily?
 0.186
0.813
0.125
0.875
I n h o w m a n y w a y s c a n c oom
mm i t t e e o f f i v e p e o p l e s b e
selected of of 9 people?
126
621
304
401
L e t t h e s e t T = { t a b l e , C h aaiir , F a n ) . H o w m a n y s u b s eett o f T
can we have?
8
3
6
16
4
A b a ll is d ra w n a t ra n d o m m f r o m a b ox c o n t a in in g 6 r e d
b a l l s , 4 w h i t e b a l l s a n d 5 b l u e b a l l s . D e t e r m i n e t h ee
probability th at it is red
3/5
4/9
6/11
8/15
F i n d t h e s e c o n d m o m e n tt a b o u t t h e m e a n o f t h e
distribution 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14
16
16.5
34.5
 32
32.5
F i n d t h e f i r s t m o m e n t a bbo
ou t 0 f o r t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n 2 , 4 ,
6, 8, 10, 12, 14
8.00
8.25
8.11
8.05
0
A c o n t i n u o u s v a r i a b l e x hhaas a C u m u l a t i v e D e n s i t y
fu nction f(x) = 2x 2 - 1. W h at is Probability D Deen s i t y
Fu n ctio n of x?
4x
4x - 1
4x + 1
0
No suffecient information to compute CDF
I f x i s a r a n d o m v a r i a b l e w i t h p d f g i v e n a s { 1 2 x 2( 1 - x ) 0 < x
< 1 } . F i n d t h e e x p e c t e d v a l uuee o f x
2/5
1/4
3/5
1/7
5/3
A ll th e follow in g are exam
mppl e s o f d i s c r e t e d i s t r i b u t i oon
n
E XC E P T
Bernoulli distribution
Exponential distribution
Poisson distribution
 Hyper-geometric distribution
Geometric Distribution
I f a s a m p l e s p a c e c o n t a i nn a t m o s t a c o u n t a b l e n u m
mbbe r
o f p o i n t s , t h e n i t i s k n o w nn a s _ _ _ _
Random space
Continuous space
Event space
Discrete sample space
I f a s a m p l e s p a c e c o n t a i nn u n c o u n t a b l e n u m b e r o f
p o i n t s , t h e n i t i s k n o w n aass _ _ _ _
Random space
Discrete sample space
Event space
Continuous sample space
A n e v e n t i s s a i d t o h a v e aan
n occurrence iff
The sample point belonging to it are realizable in the
experiment
There is equal likelihood
It is independent
It is mutually exclusive
Even A and B are said to be m u tu ally exclu sive iff
AnB = {}
AnB = {a}
AnB = {1}
AUB = {}
A p r o b a b i l i t y c o n c e p t t h aatt d e f i n e d p r o b a b i l i t y a s aa
f u n c t i o n o f e v e n t o n a s a m p l e s p a c e i s k n o w n a s _____ _ _
classical concept
equally likelihood
 Apriori concept
Axiomatic concept

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