JEPPIAAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Salai – 600 119

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

QUESTION BANK

IV SEMESTER

CS3491 – Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

Regulation – 2021

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 JEPPIAAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Salai – 600 119

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

QUESTION BANK
SUBJECT : CS3491 – Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
YEAR /SEM : II / IV

UNIT I PROBLEM SOLVING

Introduction to AI - AI Applications - Problem solving agents – search algorithms – uninformed

search strategies – Heuristic search strategies – Local search and optimization problems – adversarial
search– constraint satisfaction problems (CSP)
PART – A
CO Mapping : C212.1
Q.No Questions BT Competence PO
Level
1 BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO5
2 What is AI? BTL-1 Remembering PO8

3 List out some AI applications? BTL-2 Understanding PO8,PO9

4 Define BFS and DFS? BTL-2 Understanding PO8,PO9

5 What are the problem solving agents? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO1

6 What is meant by Heuristic search? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO2

7 Specify some optimization problems. BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO1

8 Define Adversial search? BTL-1 Remembering PO8, ,PO3

9 What is local search? BTL-2 Understanding PO8

10 Define Uninformed Search algorithm BTL-2 Understanding PO8,PO5

11 Define CSP? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO11

12 What are types of unimformed searches? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO4

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 13 Challenges faced in BFS? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,

14 Disadvantages of DFS? BTL-1 Remembering PO8

15 Difference between BFS and DFS? BTL-1 Remembering PO8

16 Define CSP BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO3

17 What is local search give examples BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO1

PART-B

Q.No Questions BT Competence PO

Level
1 What is uninformed search? Explain in detail. BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO9

2 Define local search and brief its algortihm? BTL-2 Understanding PO8,PO9

3 Explain CSP with suitable examples? BTL-2 Understanding PO8

4 Discuss the role of AI Applications - Problem solving BTL-2 Understanding PO8,PO12

agents.
Explain Heuristic search strategies – Local search and BTL-2 Understanding PO8,PO12
5
optimization problems?

UNIT II PROBABILISTIC REASONING

Acting under uncertainty – Bayesian inference – naïve bayes models. Probabilistic reasoning –

Bayesian networks – exact inference in BN – approximate inference in BN – causal networks.

PART – A
CO Mapping : C212 .2
Q.No Questions BT Competence PO
Level
1 Why does uncertainty arise? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO2

2 Differentiate uncertainty with ignorance. BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO1

3 What is the need for probability theory in uncertainty? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO3

4 What is the need for utility theory in uncertainty? BTL-1 Understanding PO8,PO11

5 Mention the needs of probabilistic reasoning in AI. BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO12

6 State Bayes' Theorem in Artificial Intelligence. BTL-1 Remembering PO8

7 Given that P(A)=0.3,P(A|B)=0.4 and P(B)=0.5, Compute BTL-1 Remembering PO8

P(B|A).
8 What is Bayesian Belief Network? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO5

9 Define principle of maximum expected utility (MEU)? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO2

10 What does the full joint probability distribution specify? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO1,PO1

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PART-B

Q.No Questions BT Competence PO

Level
1 Explain variable elimination algorithm for answering BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO9
queries on Bayesian networks?
2 Define uncertain knowledge, prior probability and BTL-2 Understanding PO8,PO10
conditional probability. State the Bayes’ theorem. How it
is useful for decision making under uncertainty? Explain
belief networks briefly?
3 Explain the method of handling approximate inference in BTL-2 Understanding PO8,PO2
Bayesian networks
4 What is Bayes’ rule? Explain how Bayes’ rule can be BTL-2 Understanding PO8,PO12
applied to tackle uncertain Knowledge
5 Explain how does Bayesian statistics provide reasoning BTL-2 Understanding PO8,PO9
under various kinds of uncertainty?
6 How to get the approximate inference from Bayesian BTL-2 Understanding PO8,PO1
network.
7 Construct a Bayesian Network and define the necessary BTL-2 Understanding PO8,PO9
CPTs for the given scenario. We have a bag of three
biased coins a,b and c with probabilities of coming up
heads of 20%, 60% and 80% respectively. One coin is
drawn randomly from the bag (with equal likelihood of
drawing each of the three coins) and then the coin is
flipped three times to generate the outcomes X1, X2 and
X3. a. Draw a Bayesian network corresponding to this
setup and define the relevant CPTs. b. Calculate which
coin is most likely to have been drawn if the flips come up
HHT
8 Consider the following set of propositions Patient has BTL-2 Understanding PO8,PO6
spots Patient has measles Patient has high fever Patient
has Rocky mountain spotted fever. Patient has previously
been inoculated against measles. Patient was recently
bitten by a tick Patient has an allergy. a) Create a network
that defines the casual connections among these nodes. b)
Make it a Bayesian network by constructing the necessary
conditional probability matrix.

UNIT III SUPERVISED LEARNING

Introduction to machine learning – Linear Regression Models: Least squares, single & multiple
variables,Bayesian linear regression, gradient descent, Linear Classification Models: Discriminant
function –Probabilistic discriminative model - Logistic regression, Probabilistic generative model –
Naive Bayes,Maximum margin classifier – Support vector machine, Decision Tree, Random forests

PART – A
CO Mapping : C212.3
Q.No Questions BT Competence PO
Level

4
1 What is Machine Learning? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO1

2 Mention the difference between Data Mining and Machine BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO2
learning?
3 What is ‘Overfitting’ in Machine learning? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO5

4 Why overfitting happens? BTL-1 Understanding PO8

5 How can you avoid overfitting? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO1

6 What are the five popular algorithms of Machine BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO10
Learning?
7 What are the different Algorithm techniques in Machine BTL-1 Remembering PO8
Learning?
8 What are the three stages to build the hypotheses or model BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO11
in machine learning?
9 What is the standard approach to supervised learning? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO7

10 What is ‘Training set’ and ‘Test set’? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO2

11 What is the difference between artificial learning and BTL-1 Remembering PO8,
machine learning?
12 What are the advantages of Naive Bayes? BTL-1 Remembering PO8

13 What is the main key difference between supervised and BTL-1 Remembering PO8
unsupervised machine learning?
14 What is a Linear Regression? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO3

15 What are the disadvantages of the linear regression BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO12
model?
16 What is the difference between classification and BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO5
regression?
17 What is the difference between stochastic gradient descent BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO1
(SGD) and gradient descent (GD)?
18 What are the different types of least squares? BTL-1 Remembering PO8

19 What is the difference between least squares regression BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO2
and multiple regression?
20 What is the principle of least squares? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO10

21 What are some advantages to using Bayesian linear BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO6
regression?
22 What Is Bayesian Linear Regression? BTL-1 Remembering PO8

23 What are the advantages of Bayesian Regression? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO3

24 What are the disadvantages of Bayesian Regression? BTL-4 Analyzing PO8,PO9

25 What are types of classification models? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO7

26 Why is random forest better than SVM? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO1

27 Which is better linear regression or random forest? BTL-4 Analyzing PO8,PO4

28 Which is better linear or tree based models? BTL-1 Remembering PO8

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 29 Is linear discriminant analysis classification or regression? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO2

30 What is probabilistic discriminative model? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO12

31 What is Decision tree? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO10

32 What is Random forest? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO3

PART-B

Q.No Questions BT Competence PO

Level
Assume a disease so rare that it is seen in only one person BTL-1 Remembering PO8
out of every million. Assume also that we have a test that
is effective in that if a person has the disease, there is a 99
percent chance that the test result will be positive;
however, the test is not perfect, and there is a one in a
thousand chance that the test result will be positive on a
healthy person. Assume that a new patient arrives and the
1 test result is positive. What is the probability that the
patient has the disease?
2 Explain Naïve Bayes Classifier with an Example BTL-2 Understanding PO8,PO9

3 Explain SVM Algorithm in Detail. BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO11

4 Explain Decision Tree Classification. BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO4

Explain the principle of the gradient descent algorithm. BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO2
Accompany your explanation with a diagram. Explain the
5 use of all the terms and constants that you introduce and
comment on the range of values that they can take.
6 Explain the following a) Linear regression b) Logistic BTL-2 Understanding PO7,PO8
Regression

UNIT IV ENSEMBLE TECHNIQUES AND UNSUPERVISED LEARNING

ENSEMBLE TECHNIQUES AND UNSUPERVISED LEARNING Combining multiple learners:

Model combination schemes, Voting, Ensemble Learning - bagging, boosting, stacking, Unsupervised
learning: K-means, Instance Based Learning: KNN, Gaussian mixture models and Expectation
maximization.

PART – A
CO Mapping : C212.4
Q.No Questions BT Competence PO
Level
1 What is bagging and boosting in ensemble learning? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO6

2 What is stacking in ensemble learning? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO1

3 Which are the three types of ensemble learning? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO12

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 4 Why ensemble methods are used? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO5

5 What is a voting classifier? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO4

6 What type of classifiers are used in weighted voting BTL-1 Remembering PO8
method?
7 What is difference between K means and Gaussian BTL-2 Understanding PO8,PO1
mixture?
8 What are Gaussian mixture models How is expectation BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO11
maximization used in it?
9 What is k-means unsupervised learning? BTL-1 Remembering PO8, ,PO2

10 . What is the difference between K-means and KNN? BTL-1 Remembering PO7,PO8,

11 What is expectation maximization algorithm used for? BTL-2 Understanding PO8,PO3

12 What is the advantage of Gaussian process? BTL-2 Understanding PO8,PO7

13 What are examples of unsupervised learning? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO4

14 How do you implement expectation maximization BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO10

algorithm?
15 What is the principle of maximum likelihood? BTL-2 Understanding PO8

PART-B

Q.No Questions BT Competence PO

Level
Explain briefly about unsupervised learning structure? BTL-1 Remembering PO7,PO8
1

Explain various learning techniques involved in BTL-2 Understanding PO8,PO1

2
unsupervised learning?
What is Gaussian process? And explain in detail of BTL-2 Understanding PO8,PO7
3 Gaussian parameter estimates with suitable examples.
Discuss in detail about the moral and ethical issues involved in BTL-2 Understanding PO8,PO9
4 use of computers?

Explain the concepts of clustering approaches. How it BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO4

5
differ from classification.
List the applications of clustering and identify advantages BTL-2 Understanding PO8,PO1
6
and disadvantages of clustering algorithm.
Explain about EM algorithm. BTL-2 Understanding PO8,PO9
7

List non-parametric techniques and Explain K-nearest BTL-2 Understanding PO8,PO12

8
neighbour estimation.

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 UNIT V NEURAL NETWORKS
Perceptron - Multilayer perceptron, activation functions, network training – gradient descent
optimization – stochastic gradient descent, error backpropagation, from shallow networks to deep
networks –Unit saturation (aka the vanishing gradient problem) – ReLU, hyperparameter tuning, batch
normalization, regularization, dropout.

PART – A
CO Mapping : C212.5
Q.No Questions BT Competence PO
Level
1 What is perceptron and its types? BTL-1 Remembering PO8

2 Which activation function is used in multilayer BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO3

perceptron?
3 What are the activation functions of MLP? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO2

4 Does MLP have activation function? BTL-1 Understanding PO8

5 What is the difference between a perceptron and a MLP? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO9

6 What are the types of activation function? BTL-1 Remembering PO7,PO8,

7 What is MLP and how does it work? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO3

8 Why do you require Multilayer Perceptron? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO9

9 What are the advantages of Multilayer Perceptron? BTL-1 Remembering PO8

10 What do you mean by activation function? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO2

11 What are the limitations of perceptron? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO5

12 How many layers are there in perceptron? BTL-4 Analyzing PO8,PO10

13 is stochastic gradient descent same as gradient descent? BTL-4 Analyzing PO8,PO4

14 How is stochastic gradient descent used as an optimization BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO9

technique?
15 Does stochastic gradient descent lead to faster training? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO12

16 What is stochastic gradient descent and why is it used in BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO6
the training of neural networks?
17 What are the three main types gradient descent algorithm? BTL-1 Remembering PO8

18 What are the disadvantages of stochastic gradient descent? BTL-1 Remembering PO8

19 How do you solve the vanishing gradient problem within a BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO2
deep neural network?
20 What is the problem with ReLU? BTL-1 Remembering PO8

21 Why is ReLU used in deep learning? BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO3

22 Why is ReLU better than Softmax? BTL-1 Remembering PO8

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 PART-B

Q.No Questions BT Competence PO

Level
1 Draw the architecture of a single layer perceptron (SLP) BTL-1 Remembering PO8,PO6
and explain its operation. Mention its advantages and
disadvantages.
2 Draw the architecture of a Multilayer perceptron (MLP) BTL-2 Understanding PO8,PO3
and explain its operation. Mention its advantages and
disadvantages.
3 Explain the stochastic optimization methods for weight BTL-2 Understanding PO7,PO8
determination.
4 Describe back propagation and features of back BTL-2 Understanding PO7,PO8,PO11
propagation.
5 Write the flowchart of error back-propagation training BTL-2 Understanding PO7,PO8,PO1
algorithm. 2

6 . Develop a Back propagation algorithm for Multilayer BTL-5 Evaluation PO8,PO3

Feed forward neural network consisting of one input layer,
one hidden layer and output layer from first principles.
7 List the factors that affect the performance of multilayer BTL-2 Understanding PO8,PO10
feed-forward neural network.
8 Difference between a Shallow Net & Deep Learning Net. BTL-2 Understanding PO7,PO8,P012