Yllana Bay View College, Inc.

“The Builder of Future Leaders”

Senior High School Department

Enerio Street, Balangasan District, Pagadian City

THE EFFECTS OF AGEISM TO THE WORKERS SELF-ESTEEM

IN BARANGAY CAMANGA, DUMALINAO, ZAMBOANGA DEL

SUR

A Research presented to the faculty of Yllana Bay

View College Senior High School Department

In Partial Fulfilment of the

Requirement for the Title Proposal

DUBDUBAN, MICHAEL

DURENS, CLARISSA

GONZALES, BRAILLE

GONZALGO, RIEZAN

GUANGCO, KIM THEA

JARILLA, CYRIL JAY

PADERES, JUSTIN MARIE

SILUD, JEZYL
TUMIPAD, ELJAY SHINE

YLLANA BAY VIEW COLLEGE, INC.

”The Builder of Future Leaders”

Senior High School Department

Enerio Street, Balangasan District, Pagadian City

CERTIFICATION

This research paper entitled “THE EFFECTS OF AGEISM TO

THE WORKERS SELF-ESTEEM IN BARANGAY CAMANGA,

DUMALINAO, ZAMBOANGA DEL SUR’ prepared and submitted by

Michael Dubduban, Clarissa Durens, Braille Gonzales, Riezan

Gonzalgo, Kim Thea Guangco, Cyril Jay Jarilla, Justin Marie Paderes,

Jezyl Silud, and Eljay Shine P. Tumipad, in partial fulfilment of the

Practical Research II of the Senior High School students, have been

checked and verified by the undersigned as to its grammar,

coherence and organization.

JINNY JANES B. OJAS

English Critic

YLLANA BAY VIEW COLLEGE, INC.

“The Builder of Future Leaders”
Senior High School Department
Enerio Street, Balangasan District, Pagadian City

APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the subject

Practical Research II. This research paper entitled, “THE EFFECTS
OF AGEISM TO THE WORKERS SELF-ESTEEM IN BARANGAY
CAMANGA, DUMALINAO, ZAMBOANGA DEL SUR”, prepared
and submitted by Michael Dubduban, Clarissa Durens, Braille
Gonzales, Riezan Gonzalgo, Kim Thea Guangco, Cyril Jay Jarilla,
Justin Marie Paderes, Jezyl Silud, and Eljay Shine P. Tumipad, have
been reviewed and passed by the screening committee composed
of the following members who are recommend for the oral
examination.

LUZELL R. PAGASIAN
Research Adviser

Approved by the panel of the oral examination with the rating of

______.
Comprehensive Examination Dated: _______________________________.
JINNY JANES B. OJAS JEOMAR N. RABADON
Member Member

JHIDA MAE JAILANI-GLINOGO

Member

ROSE DEANNA S. DIAZ

Chairwoman

Accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the subject

Practical Research II.

ROSE DEANNA S. DIAZ

SHS Principal
 DEDICATION

This research paper is firstly, dedicated to our almighty God

who guides us in every step of the way through ups and downs in

making this paper exist and work in our ways. We also dedicate this

study to our supportive family who always tries to understand our

very busy schedule in making this and support us financially despite

being in crisis most of the time, to our research adviser as well who

pushes us to do our very best and always makes way for us to make
things get easier, and for lending her patience with us despite

making a lot os mistakes, to our Respondents who willingly answer

our questionnaire and cooperating , to our friends who are also

struggling with their own paper but still manage to support us, and

to the future researchers that will be making use of this paper,

hopefully this will make your life ten times easier just like how we

make use of the studies from the previous ones. We thank you all

for everything, this will not be made possible without these people

standing behind us. Thankn you and Goodluck!

The

Researchers

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to express their gratitude and

appreciation to the following individuals who have shared their

time,efforts, ideas, and valuable assistance to make this research

paper possible.

Again, to our Dear Almighty God, for his spiritual guidance, and

everlasting love He gave that in every step of this journey he has

become the light for them.

To our researcher’s parents, for the moral and financial support

especially for the love and care they give.

To our beloved research adviser, Miss Luzell R. Pagasian for

teaching, and guiding us, and for giving us her precious time and

patience.

To our respondents that give us their time despite being busy just to

answer and help us keep up with our research for us to be able to

graduate.

And lastly, to all members of the panel, Ms. Jhida Mae Glinogo, Ms.

Jinny Janes Ojas, Mr. Jeomar Rabadon, and to our very own SHS

Principal, Miss Rose Deana Diza, for revising, checking the flow and

structure of this research and added more ideas for the

improvement of this research until it is done.

To everyone who help us Thank you so much!

The

Researhers

ABSTRACT
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. Preliminaries
Page

Cover

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Approval

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Table of

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List of

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List of

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B. Research Proper

 CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION (1 – 11)

1.1 Background of the

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1.2 Statement of the

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1.3 Hypothesis of the

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1.4 Significance of the

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1.5 Scope and Delimitation of the

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1.6 Theoretical/Conceptual

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 1.7 Definition of

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 CHAPTER 2 – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

 CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research

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3.2 Locale of the

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3.3 Research Subject: Sampling

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3.4 Research

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3.6 Data Gathering

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 3.6 Data Analysis

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 CHAPTER 4 - PRESENTATION, ENTERPRETATION

AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

 CHAPTER 5 - SUMMARY OF FINDINGS,

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDICES

APPENDIX

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APPENDIX

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CURRICULUM VITAE

DOCUMENTATION
LIST OF TABLES
Table Description
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Table1 Presentation of Demographics

Data∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙

Table 2

Ageism∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙
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Table 3 Self -
esteem∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙
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Table 4
Correlations∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙
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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Description
Page

Figure 1 Schematic Diagram Showing the

Relationship of Independent
and Dependent
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Figure 2 Map of Barangay Camanga Dumalinao,

Zamboanga Del Sur
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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Ageism has been a social issue that everyone barely knows about, it

has been affecting everyone including those who have no idea

about it. This has been observed a long time ago and not so many

take this seriously. Aging is an inevitable process in life, which

means that it is a normal thing, unfortunately people make it look

like a disadvantage.

This bad habit of treating the older society or workers

differently have penetrate the minds of people that causes them to

believe that it is normal to do such things. If this will continue to

foster on every people's mind, then the world would be in chaos.

It is confirmed that ageism is extremely common, with over

78% of older workers claiming to have seen or experience age

discrimination in the workplace, according to 2021 data from AARP

(The American Association of Retired Persons). Despite this, most

people are still unaware of their subconscious stereotyping by age.

Although this is illegal there are still existing jobs or

companies that had this kind of systems. A lot of companies/jobs

rarely hire individuals that are considered old (45 and above) for

numerous senseless reasons, like they’re not cut out with digital

world, they have more sick days, and the likes. They rather choose

to work with younger people whom they see as innovative and more

creative, whilst as the older individuals is seen as a burden. If they

continue to look at age as a negative quality, the workforce will

never be balance. It would only create awful workplace where

positivity can never grow. What they need to understand is that

older individuals are human being as well, may there be some who
are incapable but not all of them are the same. They should be

treating them with utmost respect and not hurt their feelings.

There are old workers/individuals who may be weak and are

physically unstable, however no one must hinder any possibilities

for them, because not all of them are the same, they may be old,

but they can also dream, and work just like any other person.

Everyone is aging and if we carry on this awful behavior soon

the world will not value the older individuals, and the workplace will

face some major negative effects like having trouble finding a good

replacement, training their new employee for a long time and a lot

more. Try imagining if you are one of those older workers, what

would you feel if you are treated unfairly, how can you fight for your

rights when everyone is against you. Soon all the younger

individuals will become adult, if this continues, they will also

experience how cruel the ageist are and much worse, but who’s to

blame, them.

Hence, this study is important for everyone so this can stop or

even reduce its existence at the workplace. Nearly one in six adults

currently working or looking for work (15%) report that they were
not hired for a job they applied for within the past two years

because of their age.(AARP) Studies demonstrate that ageism is

present in the workforce, produces barriers in recruitment, career

advancement, training opportunities, retirement decision, and in the

relations between managers, or employers, and employees (Harris

et al., 2018). Although the focus of research in this area is primarily

on older workers, age discrimination is experienced along all life

stages and is especially reported by employees younger than 35

and older than 55 years old (UNECE, 2019). Older workers have

gained the most attention, as this age group is a policy target for

the national goal of prolonging working life. In this context, ageism

may hinder wide-ranging policy efforts by guiding the perception of

specific age groups as problematic.

This study aims to know if ageism at work have had any

negative or positive effects to the workers self-esteem, what jobs

have had evident ageism tolerance and why this is happening very

often now. If there are any negative effects this study will also find a

partial solution for it. However, there are still a lot of people who
doesn’t even know about this issue, that is why spreading

awareness to all the people in the society had become one of the

goals in this study. If the people remain unaware, then this study

will not be useful because it will never work out without the people

around. Being knowledgeable about ageism at workplace is a must

because only then that it will be stop.

This study will take at least 1-2 weeks, with a maximum of 20

hours per week, and a total of 40 hours. After that they will sort out

all the information they had collected and come out with the results.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study was designed to investigate about the Effects of

Ageism to the workers self-esteem in Barangay Camanga,

Dumalinao Zamboanga del Sur.

Specifically, this study aims to answer the following question:

1. What is the socio-demographic data of the respondents:

A. Age:

B. Civil Status:
 2. Do the workers experience ageism?

3. What is the effect of ageism to the workers’ self-esteem?

4. Is there a significant relationship between Ageism and self-

esteem of the workers?

HYPOTHESIS

H0: There is no significant relationship Ageism and Self-esteem of

the workers.

H1: There is a significant relationship between Ageism and self-

esteem.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The researchers expect that this study will be useful and can

give contributions to the following people:

For the researcher. This research can enlarge their knowledge

about the certain issue and gets to actual experiences. This is going

to help them as they grow as an adult, especially that their topic is

about aging in the workplace. They could apply this knowledge

when time comes, for example when they are already working, and

they notice a sign of ageism they can easily give advice to them.

For the Older workers. They will be able to know that there

are people who care and think about them. They will also be able to

understand how important they are in the society. This will hopefully

encourage them to stand on their grounds and fight for their rights.

For the society. This can serve as their bases on how they will

handle their ways on addressing the older people.

For the institution. They will be able to identify the different

ways on how to treat their colleagues who are aging 40 – and above

and promote a peaceful workplace.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The study was focused on the effects of ageism to the

workers self-esteem. It was conducted in Barangay Camanga,

Dumalinao where a total number of 50 respondents/key informants

were used/utilized using purposive sampling. The conduct of the

study started in February 2023 and ended in April,2023. The effects

of ageism that were included in this research are limited to their

workplace. A structured and validated questionnaire was employed

in gathering the data. The socio demographic profile of the

respondents was limited to age and civil status. These data were

excluded in the correlation but were utilized for descriptive

purposes only. In getting the significant relationship/difference, the

data were treated using statistical tool. The study was limited to the

stated variables considering the time constraint and the availability

of data and the time of the respondents/key informants in

answering the questionnaires.

THEORETICAL/ CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

 The proposition that ageism might affect the workers self-

esteem is anchored on Crosbys (1976) Relative Deprivation Theory,

and that of Tajfel & Turner’s (1979) Social Identity Theory, together

with Maddox & Atchley’s Continuity theory.

Relative Deprivation Theory is the judgment that one is worse

off compared to some set social standard, is particularly relevant in

the exploration of the language of ageism, given the lower social

status accorded to older adults in society. Relative deprivation

describes an individual’s experience of feeling deprived based on

interpersonal comparisons or a personal comparison to a member of

the same group and intergroup comparisons or comparisons of

oneself to other groups (Runciman, 1966). Research has

demonstrated that self-directed behaviors, including self-

deprecation, can result from experiencing a sense of relative

deprivation, and that individuals subject to discrimination often fail

to recognize that they are the target of unfair treatment in

comparison with others (Lalonde & Cameron, 1994). Perhaps, the

most promising explanation for this can be found in the concept of

identity (Tougas et al.,2004).

 Social identity theory, on the other hand, depersonalizes the

individual and thus the search for positive self-regard is integrated

with social comparisons (Tajfel & Turner, 1986). Social Identity

Theory postulates that a person’s sense of identity as well as pride

and self-esteem are based on their group membership (Tajfel,

1974). Research examining the relationship between social identity

and relative deprivation has suggested that individuals include

characteristics of their group in self-descriptions the more they

experience a sense of personal deprivation (Crocker et al., 2004).

The continuity theory of normal aging states that older adults

will usually maintain the same activities, behaviours, personality

traits, and relationships as they did in their earlier years of life. The

theory considers the internal structures and external structures of

continuity to describe how people adapt to their circumstances and

set their goals.

Internal structures of continuity remain constant over a

lifetime and include elements, such as personality traits, ideas, and

beliefs. It helps people make future decisions by providing them

with a stable foundation in the past. External structures of continuity

help maintain a stable self-concept and lifestyle and include

relationships and social roles.

Figure 1. Shows how ageism is related to workers self-esteem.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Ageism – process of systematic stereotyping or discrimination

against people because they are old, just as racism and sexism

accomplish with skin colour and gender (Robert Butler). It was used

to describe the discrimination based on age for 40-50 years old

workers.

Self – esteem – confidence in one's own worth or abilities; self-

respect. Oxford languages. This is the researcher’s dependent

variable and to know if there are any negative or positive effect of

ageism not only in the work, but also in the surrounding.

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

 Presented in this chapter are foreign and local literatures and

studies gathered from online journal resources used by the

researchers who was seeking of this paper as a guide to have a

more accurate study. This related literature helped the researchers

have a better understanding and a wider perspective on the topic

gathered.

The term ageism is to describe the systematic discrimination

against older people (Butler, 1968) he equated it to racism and

sexism during the civil rights movement publish by Agency on Aging

of South-Central Connecticut, 2009. It has been over 45 years since

Dr. Butler raised the issue, but the culture has not changed yet.

Ageism remains an often-overlooked barrier that exists across most

communities. Ageism puts unfair limitations on older adults’ abilities

to live to their fullest potential and devalued them as individuals.

The number of people aged 65 and older will rise from 46 million to

over 98 million by 2060 (Zaleski et al., 2016). This gain mainly

results from improvements in health care (Wheaton & Crimmins,

2012). Since adults over age 65 are more likely to be healthier, they

want to remain in the workforce longer than those from previous

generations (Organization for Economic Co-operation and

Development [OECD], 2011). Prior studies have demonstrated how

age-related stereotypes influenced older adults’ everyday lives

regarding employment, healthcare services, media, and educational

opportunities (Bennett & Gaines, 2010).

Ageism can be subtle because its perpetrators see their views as

justified and those who are discriminated against may not see

themselves as victims (Ojala, et al., 2016) Thus, ageist issues in the

workplace are necessarily articulated for both victims and the

perpetrators.

Aging is often considered to be a challenging process, during

which individuals lose their confidence and experience a loss of

productivity (Schafer et al.,2009). Significant declines in social and

cultural status have been observed in older adults over the past

century as a result of industrialization and modernization (Aboderin,

2004). The industrial age and technological advancements have

increased the need for people to work efficiently and quickly to

remain competitive (Tuomi et al., 1997). These changes have had

the effect of decreasing the need for and visibility of older adults.

Butler also defined ageism as “negative or positive stereotypes,

prejudice and/or discrimination against older adults because of their

chronological age” (p.4). These definitions denote ageism as

systematic stereotyping that occurs because of age. Although

ageism includes discriminatory treatment against any age group

(Kunze, Boehm, & Bruch, 2011), in this study the researchers only

focus on age-related stereotypes against older adults in this review.

This prior study has shown discriminatory practices toward older

adults in organizations (Ainsworth, 2002) and educational

institutions (Earle & Kulow, 2014).

A typical myth about older adults is that they are inflexible

and resistant to learn (Bayl-Smith & Griffin, 2017). In terms of the

age discriminatory practice in the labor market, Palmore (1999)

defined age discrimination as the “refusal to hire or promote older

workers or forcing retirement at a fixed age regardless of the

worker’s ability to keep working” (p.119). Although literature on

ageism in the workplace exists, as the workforce ages, it is

important to understand the attributions of ageism in the workplace,

the types of ageism in the workplace, and the effects of ageism on

older workers’ career development and workplace learning. The

interconnected social and legal aspects of ageism existed in the

workplace (Stypinska et al., 2017). The social aspect of ageism

could cause an older worker who is discriminated against to feel

unstable in his/her workplace (Bayl-Smith et al., 2017 as Cited in

Unson et al., 2013). This instability can result in feeling demoralized

at work. For example, nurses who have been labelled as old and

then defined themselves as old, tended to feel guilty which may

negatively affect their work performance (Clendon and Walker,

2016).

Feeling unsafe at work also can cause individuals to reduce

social engagement (Bayl-Smith, & Griffin, 2017; Rioux &

Mokounkolo, 2013). Hence, self-imposed ageism and ageist

assumptions become intensified. This vicious cycle can repeat itself.

In this regard, employers need to understand the interconnected

dimension of ageism in the workplace and its effect on the overall

organizational atmosphere. Even though a one-time occurrence of

ageist practices in the workplace does not directly constitute

discrimination in the legal sense, frequent occurrences of age-

related stereotyping in the workplace constitutes mobbing or

harassment, and thus ultimately the discriminatory workplace

atmosphere is created (Stypinska and Turek, 2017).

Prejudicial treatment against older workers could reinforce

their limited opportunity of workplace learning (Schloegel et al.,

2018). For example, an HR manager who has strong stereotypes

that older workers do not want to learn new tasks and resists

accepting younger co-workers’ comments, may discriminate against

older workers by ignoring them when allocating training

opportunities or designing the training content (Griffin et al., 2017).

Researchers should continue to unearth how various factors

(e.g., type and location of organization, job position) affect ageism

in the workplace (e.g., Stypinska & Turek, 2017).

CHAPTER 3
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter contained the method and flow on how the

researchers gathers the data. It presented on the process and how

the research design, locale of the study, research respondents.

Sampling design, research instrument and procedures, and data

analysis technique.

Research Design

The study attempts to identify the effect of Ageism to the

workers self-esteem. The research design of this study is descriptive

survey research design. Descriptive research can be explained as a

statement of affairs as they are at present with the researcher

having no control over variable. (Ethridge, D.E. 2004) This is

appropriate to be used in this study since the research is identifying

ageism in the workplace and how it affects the workers self-esteem.

This approach will be used to process the data gathered from the

survey which were analysed according to its terms, sensitivity

regarding the problem stated in the study.

Locale of the Study

This study will be conducted at Barangay Camanga,

Dumalinao, Zamboanga del Sur. Camanga is a Barangay in the

municipality of Dumalinao, in the province of Zamboanga del Sur.

Elevation at these coordinates is estimated at 286.9 meters or 941.3

feet above mean sea level. Its population as determined by the

2020 Census was 1,823. Camanga is situated at approximately

7.8150, 123.3577, in the island of Mindanao. This represented

5.54% of the total population of Dumalinao. The population of

Camanga grew from 897 in 1990 to 1,823 in 2020, an increase of

926 people over the course of 30 years. The latest census figures in

2020 denote a growth rate of 1.88%, or an increase of 154 people,

from the previous population of 1,669 in 2015.

According to the 2015 Census, the age group with the highest

population in Camanga is 5 to 9, with 188 individuals. Conversely,

the age group with the lowest population is 75 to 79, with 10

individuals.
 Combining age groups together, those aged 14 and below,

consisting of the young dependent population which include

infants/babies, children, and young adolescents/teenagers, make up

an aggregate of 32.00% (534). Those aged 15 up to 64, roughly, the

economically active population and actual or potential members of

the work force, constitute a total of 63.15% (1,054). Finally, old

dependent population consisting of the senior citizens, those aged

65 and over, total 4.85% (81) in all.

The computed Age Dependency Ratios mean that among the

population of Camanga, there are 51 youth dependents to every

100 of the working age population; there are 8 aged/senior citizens

to every 100 of the working population; and overall, there are 58

dependents (young and old-age) to every 100 of the working

population.

The median age of 24 indicates that half of the entire

population of Camanga are aged less than 24 and the other half are

over the age of 24.

Research Subject/Sampling Design
 There are a total of Fifty (50) respondents/key informants in

the study who are workers aging from 40 – and above. that

are currently living in Barangay Camanga, Dumalinao,

Zamboanga del Sur.

The Fifty respondents will be purposively selected.

Purposive sampling is a sampling technique in which

researcher relies on his or her own judgment when choosing

for their respondents, it focusses on characteristics of a

population/person that are of interest, which will best enable

to answer the research questions (2012 Lund Research Ltd).

Research Instrument

The instrument that will be used to conduct the study is a

survey questionnaire that will be contributed to the respondents. It

is a close-ended question that will be used in this study, which will

be prepared to be answered by the workers aging 40 – and above

that designed to collect facts and information. The distribution and

retrieval of the survey questionnaire will be on April 2023.

Scale used for interpretation:

4.21 – 5.00 – Strongly Agree (SA)

3.41 – 4.20 – Agree (A)

2.61 – 3.40 – Neutral (NA)

1.81 – 2.60 – Disagree (D)

1.00 – 1.80 – Strongly Disagree (SD)

Data Gathering Procedure

In conducting this study, the researchers will go to Yllana bay

View College Senior High School principal and ask the permission

via letter in conducting the study in Barangay Camanga, Dumalinao

Zamboanga del Sur, where the respondents are workers aging 40-

and above, the researchers will then send a letter to the barangay

captain for permission. When they are approve the researchers will

be the one to facilitate the distribution of the survey questionnaires,

the researchers will then conduct a 5-day survey, gathering data

from the respondents. Lastly the researchers will make sure that the
questionnaires are fully filled up without leaving any items

unanswered.

Data Analysis Technique

In the analysis of gather data, the researchers utilized the

influential statistical tool.

1. Percentage Frequency Distribution

The researchers used the percentage and frequency distribution,

since it was a way of classifying data that allowed to per see the

effects of ageism to the workers self-esteem in Barangay Camanga,

Dumalinao. The formula shown below.

Where:

x = Given Quantity

n = Total Amount

P = Percentage of the Quantity Compared to the Total

 1. Weighted Mean

This tool was used in taking the mean of the effectiveness of

solid waste management to the residents of Barangay

Camanga, Dumalinao, Zamboanga del Sur.

The formula shown below.

Where:

WM = Weighted Mean

∑ = Summation symbol

f = frequency for each option

x = Assigned weight

N = total number of frequencies

2. Kendall’s-Tau-b Correlation

To get the correlation and significant relationship between

ageism and the workers self-esteem were measured using

Kendall-Tau b correlation through Statistical Package for Social

Sciences (SPSS) Software. The data were interpreted based on

the following Kendall’s-Tau-b intervals below:

Less than 0.10 - Very Weak Correlation

(0.10 – 0.19) - Weak Correlation

(0.20 – 0.29) - Moderate Correlation

0.30 and above - Strong Correlation

CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ENTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF

DATA

This chapter provides the discussions on the findings of the

study. These are presented in tables following the sequence of

the specific research problem regarding “The effects of ageism to

the workers self-esteem”. Furthermore, the significant

relationship of ageism to the workers of Barangay Camanga,

Dumalinao Zamboanga del Sur.

Table 1: Presentation of Demographic Data

 Age Frequency Percentage (%)

40-50 40 80%

51 and above 10 20%

Civil Status

Single 16 32%

Married 34 68%

The table shows the demographic data of the respondents: 40

representing 80% of the respondents that are workers aging 40-50

years old, and 10 representing 20% of the respondents that are

workers aging 51 and above. While the civil status we have 16

representing 32% of the respondents that are single and 34

representing 68% of the respondents that are married.

Table 2. Ageism

Response MEAN A.E R

5 4 3 2 1

1. Because of my age co- 12 16 8 1 3 3.46 A

workers often tell me
to retire already. 1

2. My co-workers talk 4 18 13 1 1 3.20 N

mean stuffs about me
4
 being older.
3. Because of my age 10 19 9 9 3 3.48 A
my co-workers start to
exclude me in
meetings and
decisions making.
4. Because I am older 6 20 9 1 5 3.24 N
my co-workers start to
often to tell me to do 0
my job well and not
make a mess.
5. Because of my co- 8 12 10 1 6 3.04 N
workers watch over
my mistakes. 4

6. My co-workers always 12 14 10 1 4 3.40 N

praise those younger
workers because they 0
are strong and
healthier.
7. My co-workers always 11 14 8 1 4 3.30 N
bond together with
the new and younger 3
workers, and I am
always left behind.
8. Because I am older 6 13 7 1 11 2.80 N
my co-workers think
that I am not capable. 3

General Weighted 3.24 N

Mean

Adjectival Equivalence (AE) of Legend:

the Mean:
WM – weighted mean
4.21 – 5.00 -Strongly Agree (SA)
AE – Adjectival equivalence
3.41 – 4.20 -Agree (A)
2.61 – 3.40 -Neutral (N)

1.81 – 2.60 -Disagree (D)

1.00 – 1.80 -Strongly Disagree

(SD)

Table 2 shows that the statement number 3 got the

highest mean which is 3.48. The lowest weighted mean is

statement number 8 which got 2.80. The general weighted

mean of ageism is 3.24, the adjectival equivalence of the

respondents’ response is Neutral. The result is consistent from

a related study that revealed that there is a general sense of

ambivalence- the state of having mixed feelings

or contradictory, about the elderly and about growing old.s

(Allen K. R., Roberto K.A. 2009).

Table 3. Workers Self-esteem

 Response MEAN A. E.

5 4 3 2 1

1. I don’t feel like 15 7 7 14 7 3.18 N

working anymore.

2. I often give up my 6 20 12 9 3 3.34 N

chance to the new
workers
3. I don’t spend my time 12 12 11 13 2 3.38 N
hanging out with my
co-workers anymore.

4. I have doubts with my 8 16 10 10 6 3.20 N

skills.

5. I am not productive as 7 13 15 11 4 3.16 N

I was before.

6. My workmates don’t 9 12 16 12 1 3.32 N

think of my welfare.

7. I am having hard time 12 12 16 8 2 3.48 A

catching up with new
things at work.

8. I have plans on 10 10 10 11 9 3.02 N

quitting my job.

General Weighted Mean 3.26 N

Adjectival Equivalence (AE) of Legend:
the Mean:
WM – weighted mean
4.21 – 5.00 -Strongly Agree (SA)
AE – Adjectival equivalence
3.41 – 4.20 -Agree (A)

2.61 – 3.40 -Neutral (N)

1.81 – 2.60 -Disagree (D)

1.00 – 1.80 -Strongly Disagree

(SD)

Table 3 shows that statement number 7 got the highest mean,

which is 3.48, while statement number 8 got the lowest mean which

falls to 3.02. The general weighted mean of workers self – esteem is

3.26, the adjectival equivalence of the respondents’ response is

Neutral. The result is consistent with the study that stated that

ageism has good and bad effects to their self – esteem, despite

having more negative than positive. (Hyun Kang and Hansol Kim).
Table 4. Correlations

Correlations
Self-Esteem
Correlation
.232*
Coefficient
Kendall's tau_b Ageism
Sig. (2-tailed) .023
N 50
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

Less than - + 0.10 - Very Weak Correlation

+ 0.10 – + 0.19 - Weak Correlation

+ 0.20 – + 0.29 - Moderate Correlation

+ 0.30 and above - Strong Correlation

In General, The Table Shows That There Is a Moderate

Correlation Between Ageism and Self-Esteem of The Respondents.

The Correlation Coefficient Is Equivalent To 0.232 And Sig. (2-Tailed)

Is 0.023. Therefore, There Is No Significant Relationship Between

Ageism and Self-Esteem of The Respondents At 0.05 Level of

Significance. This result is consistent with the recent studies

examining the relationship between ageism and self-esteem have

found that ageism does not have a negative impact on self-esteem.

Older adults have been shown to have comparable self-perceptions

as younger adults. This suggests that negative age stereotypes do

not erode self-esteem in the way that other stereotypical beliefs do.

Furthermore, research has shown that most older adults maintain a

positive self-image, which is likely the result of a lifetime of

experiences and accomplishments. Overall, these findings highlight

the importance of challenging ageist stereotypes and promoting

positive aging attitudes in society. (Levy, B. R., & Macdonald, J. L.

(2016). Ageism, age stereotypes, and their effects on health

outcomes. In The Oxford Handbook of Social Psychology and Social

Justice (pp. 201-214).

 CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATION

This study attempted to find out the effects of Ageism to the

workers self-esteem in Barangay Camanga Zds. In this chapter

includes the summary of findings that the researchers have

analyzed, documented conclusions and recommendation that

will help in enhancing the writing quality for tor the future

researchers.

Summary of Findings

Table 1 shows the demographic data of the respondents 40

representing 80% of the respondents that are workers aging 40-

50 years old, and 10 representing 20% of the respondents that

are workers aging 51 and above. While the civil status we have

16 representing 32% of the respondents that are single and 34

representing 68% of the respondents that are married.

In table 2 the overall weighted mean of 3.24 in ageism and is

interpreted as “Neutral”, while Table 3 for workers self-esteem

has overall weighted mean of 3.26 and is interpreted as

“Neutral”.

Table 4 above shows that There Is a Moderate Correlation

Between Ageism and Self-Esteem of The Respondents. The

Correlation Coefficient Is Equivalent To 0.232 And Sig. (2-Tailed)

Is 0.023. Therefore, There Is No Significant Relationship Between

Ageism and Self-Esteem of The Respondents At 0.05 Level of

Significance. This corresponds to the study that states that

exposure to positive age stereotypes improved older adults'

cognitive and physical performance, suggesting that positive

attitudes towards aging may have a protective effect. (Hess et

al., 2003.)
Conclusion

Based on the summary of findings, the following conclusions

was drawn:

The overall result of findings on the effect of ageism to the

workers self – esteem is that the p-value (Sig. 2-tailed) is 0.023

which is less than the significant level of 0.05. The alternative

hypothesis that there is a significant relationship between Ageism

and self-esteem shall be rejected in favor of the null hypothesis.

This corresponds to Palmore and Manton’s study where there is no

relationship between ageism and negative self-perceptions or self-

esteem in older adults in their study. (Palmore and Manton (1973)

conducted a study on the impact of ageism on psychological well-

being among older adult).

Recommendations
 After analyzing and interpreting the data gathered these

researchers have the following recommendations.

 To all the people we reccommend that they should

practice positive attitude towards older workers.

 Practice having an environment where respecting older

people

 Create more interactional activities where every age can

have a fair interaction with everyone

 The government should create more policies that

supports and protect every older people and be more creative.

 BIBLIOGRAPHY

(Harris et al., 2018)

(UNECE, 2019

(Runciman, 1966)

(Tougas et al.,2004).

(Tajfel & Turner, 1986)

(Tajfel, 1974)

(Crocker et al., 2004).

(Bayl-Smith & Griffin, 2017)

(Levy, B. R., & Macdonald, J. L. (2016). Ageism, age stereotypes, and

their effects on health outcomes. In The Oxford Handbook of Social

Psychology and Social Justice (pp. 201-214).

(Palmore and Manton (1973) conducted a study on the impact of

ageism on psychological well-being among older adult).

 APPENDIX A

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

“The effects of Ageism to the workers self-esteem in

Barangay Camanga, Dumalinao Zamboanga del Sur”

Directions: As part of our Practical Research 2 in the SHS

Department at Yllana Bay View College, we are conducting a survey

that examine “The effects of Ageism to the workers self-esteem in

Barangay Camanga, Dumalinao Zamboanga del Sur” For each

statement in the survey, lease indicate your level of knowledge by

putting a check (/) in the box on the right side of each statement.

There are no right and wrong answers. Your answers will be kept

strictly confidential, and you will not be identified.

5- Strongly Agree 2- Disagree

4- Agree 1- Strongly Disagree

3- Neutral

Part I. Socio-Demographic Profile

Name (optional): __________________________

Age: _______________________

Civil Status: ________________________Part II. Ageism

SA (5) A (4) N (3) D (2) SD (1)

1. Because of my age co-

workers often tell me to
retire already.
2. My co-workers talk mean
stuffs about me being
older.
3. Because of my age my co-
workers start to exclude
me in meetings and
decisions making
4. Because I am older my co-
workers start to often to
tell me to do my job well
and not make a mess.
 5. Because of my co-workers
watch over my mistakes

6. My co-workers always
praise those younger
workers because they are
strong and healthier.
7. My co-workers always
bond together with the
new and younger workers,
and I am always left
behind.
8. Because I am older my co-
workers think that I am
not capable.

Part III. Workers Self - Esteem

SA (5) A (4) N (3) D (2) SD (1)

1. I don’t feel like working

anymore.
2. I often give up my chance
to the new workers
3. I don’t spend my time
hanging out with my co-
workers anymore
4. I have doubts with my
skills.
5. I am not productive as I
was before
6. My workmates don’t think
of my welfare.
7. I am having hard time
catching up with new
 things at work.
8. I have plans on quitting
my job.

APPENDIX B

LETTER OF PERMISSION

April 12, 2023

HON. REYNANTE ESPINOSA

Barangay Captain

Barangay Camanga

Dumalinao, Z.D.S.

Greetings of peace!

We are writing this letter to ask permission from your office to

conduct our research in your barangay.

We, the Grade 12 HUMSS Group 10 students currently undergoing a

research study entitled, “The effects of Ageism to the workers self-
esteem in Barangay Camanga, Dumalinao Zamboanga del Sur” in
partial fulfillment for the requirements of our subject Practical
Research II.

In connection with this, may we ask permission from your good

office to allow us to administer questionnaire checklist to the
respondents who are residents of your barangay.

Their cooperation will help us yield reliable result. Rest assured that
their information and answers will be kept. Thank you and God
bless!
Sincerely yours,

The Researchers

Noted by:

LUZELL R. PAGASIAN

Research Adviser

Recommending Approval:

ROSE DEANNA DIAZ

SHS Principal

Approved by:
HON. REYNANTE ESPINOSA

Barangay Chairman

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Michael G .Dubduban

Address: Prk Rizal Sto Nino Pagadian City

Age: 25 years old

Date of birth: July 28 ,1998

Place of birth: Sto Nino Pagadian City

Sex: Male

Civil Status: Single

Parents Information

Mother’s Name: Phebe N. Gandingon Occupation:House Wife

Father’s Name: Jimmy B.Dubduban Occupation:Mason

Educational Background

Elementary: Salvador Central School

Junior High School: National High School Pag,City

Senior High School: Yllana Bay View College

Track: Academic

Strand: Humanities and Social Sciences

Personal Information

Name: Clarissa Llagas Durens

Address: Barangay Dumagoc,Pagadian City

Age: 18 years old

Date of birth: November 05,2004

Place of birth: Barangay Dumagoc,Pagadian City

Sex: Female

Civil Status: Single

Parents Information

Mother’s Name: Carmelinda Durens Occupation: House Wife

Father’s Name: Renante Durens Occupation: Driver

Educational Background
Elementary: Dumagoc Elementary School

Junior High School: Santa Lucia National High School

Senior High School: Yllana Bay View College

Track: Academic

Strand: Humanities and Social Sciences

Personal Information

Name: Braille Boniao Gonzales

Address: Alegria Pagadian City

Age: 18 years old

Date of birth: March 28,2005

Place of birth: Lamitan basilan

Sex: Female

Civil Status: Single

Parents Information
Mother’s Name: Beverly Magsayo Montilla Occupation: House
Wife

Father’s Name: Maximo Salarda Montilla Occupation: Retired

Army

Educational Background

Elementary: Alegria ELementary School

Junior High School: Southern Minadanao Colleges

Senior High School: Yllana Bay View College

Track: Academic

Strand: Humanities and Social Sciences

Personal Information

Name :Riezan Angel M. Gozalgo

Address :Pag-asa Poblacion,Dumalinao ZDS

Age :19 years old

Date of birth :April 08,2004

Place of birth :Pag-asa Poblacion,Dumalinao ZDS

Sex :Female

Civil Status :Single

Parents Information

Mother’s Name :Grace M. Gonzalgo Occupation:OFW

Father’s Name :Rechie Gonzalgo

Occupation:Carpenter

Educational Background

Elementary :Dumalinao Regional Pilot School

Junior High School :Antonio National High School

Senior High School :Yllana Bay View College

Track :Academic

Strand :Humanities and Social Sciences

Personal Information

Name :Kim Thea Guangco S.

Address :Purok 7 Singapore,Guling guipos ZDS

Age :17 years old

Date of birth :May 26,2005

Place of birth :Guling guipos

Sex :Female

Civil Status :Single

Parents Information

Mother’s Name :Jovelyn S. Gunagco Occupation:House Wife

Father’s Name :Mathan A. Guangco Occupation:Fisherman

Educational Background

Elementary :Guling Elementary School

Junior High School :Guling National High School

Senior High School :Yllana Bay View College

Track :Academic

Strand :Humanities and Social Sciences

Personal Information

Name :Cyril Jay T. Jarilla

Address :Prk 5 Deborok Pagadian City

Age :18 years old

Date of birth :June 23,2004

Place of birth :Deborok Pagadian City

Sex :Male

Civil Status :Single

Parents Information
Mother’s Name :Jennifer T. Bunsad Occupation:OFW

Father’s Name :Julmer E. Jarilla Occupation:Farmers

Educational Background

Elementary :Deborok Elementary School

Junior High School :Otto Lingue National High School

Senior High School :Yllana Bay View College

Track :Academic

Strand :Humanities and Social Sciences

Personal Information

Name :Justine Mari G.Paderes

Address :Danlugan Pagadian City

Age :17 years old

Date of birth :August 11,2005

Place of birth :Pagadian City

Sex :Female

Civil Status :Single

Parents Information

Mother’s Name :Maria G. Paderes Occupation:House Wife

Father’s Name :Jimmy D. Paderes Occupation:Retired Army

Educational Background

Elementary :Danlugan Elementary School

Junior High School :Pagadian City National High School

Senior High School :Yllana Bay View College

Track :Academic

Strand :Humanities and Social Sciences

Personal Information

Name :Jezyl Pano Silud

Address :Betinan,San Miguel ZDS

Age :18 years old

Date of birth :May 04 2005

Place of birth :Betinan,San Miguel ZDS

Sex :Female

Civil Status :Single

Parents Information

Mother’s Name :Rovelie Silud Occupation:Shopkeeper

Father’s Name :Edwin Silud Occupation:Driver

Educational Background

Elementary :Betinan Elementary School

Junior High School :Betinan National High School

Senior High School :Yllana Bay View College

Track :Academic

Strand :Humanities and Social Sciences

Personal Information

Name :Eljay Shine Perez,Tumipad

Address :Barangay Camanga,Dumalinao,ZDS

Age :18 years old

Date of birth :February 03,2005

Place of birth :Brgy Camanga,Dumalinao, Zamboanga delSur

Sex :Female

Civil Status :Single

Parents Information

Mother’s Name : Cristina Perez,Tumipad Occupation:Teacher

Father’s Name : RoyDalaoyan ,Tumipad Occupation:Welder

Educational Background

Elementary :Camanga Elementary School

Junior High School :Dumalinao National High School

Senior High School :Yllana Bay View College

Track :Academic

Strand :Humanities and Social Sciences