Gtahic pb perhies uaru with mach number

To
lel0.L
When le is sped up P anà hence.p
Cespandin Qio) 3Tenparabure. aso
Cstatie tensp. to Meep la.conakant
when tstahic tenperahue is brbualkt ko oCideal).ad
shaanation cnndition can be. athieued 9o tha alL the
shuna isn enthalp Can be. conyerked ro Aow
ho =ht V
2o
2

2
2

exAt 1001h :
2x1010 x100K

Wo I89-35 m j b . d

ie. fora qan oaceleraled ko velocity

ho0’ To=O =) AT
hence Vo 0 Cdoennot nea
a
Qlow haa ininile
selociby)
For isentopic. Siou P EConstant
p
TdB CpdT- tdp.
Fot:isenkopic low d80
Gpd+r tdp
aTe tdp RT/)dp
P RV
CP

)AnP nP

Tha P
P

T T

T
 lbenhopic Aiout with Aleg aniahion

lomenta equation
P
T
dP-plaV
P PepRT
JP =-PWAV
RT
dP
RT

dP-1LAVya 1M YRT
RT V

P V

Eneraa.cauahion: dh vdy = O
Cpdl tydV=0 T V
Cpol= -VV replace Cp and multiply with v2/v2
Cp= R
dl -y dV -) Vay
R = Cp - Cv
R

R V a R9V

R V
Equation of state
PpRI
P
P
take M2 common and simplify

dp-M-((-)M_dy =-9-|4y]

2
-MdY

we get this by rearrange eqn '3'

-M

for sub sonic lo CMo6)

M03%
d -0-36 dV
V A

ex i change in uelociBy is double d Canin conuerqeak negale)

Cespandin Gin densiky reducas bya Iesser amaurt

)Fo Supersonic Coso CM=l2)

P V

detily change Cexpanding Ciou) ia auck

latger than the magniude ak chane in elscly
Area atad:
 URBAN

EDGI
onic flow
In Supersonic the change. in densils is much l arqer
than he change in velociy
*ex Vis doubi ed,p decreHe by mone. than hat
Rence in Supersonic o, or erpaiding 1),
ao the eee denaihy deercace. teaquires langer areas)
hence ôupetoniC hlu rcqaires dieraenk sechibn io
accelevae

Dasa cquation:
P

+d=O
V

)hen M1 subsonic) JA
A

in Area decteaees elaciby

Aocalerai convera enk A)
Deceleahig diaqenk CAN)
i)When M)1 Cgugc s9nic) JA
A V

Racele rahr angenk (Ad

Nhen n=1 (sonic) happesg when
Dccurs at the thaat Section

Hnvca
 JA
V (M) A
P
2
dP - 1
fom 2

JP=-M JA
P

T ) A
2

MA

A JÀ >O

PL
Csubsonid)
MJP

M)A PJ Pt
M
Csapersonc.)

AIhe are not anli at M=1/sonic) ao

Galtuing equahios
denominaroyuill became 0
only alid in Subaonic,Supersonic Cibus
 URBA N
EDG

Mzm
When M-1 at the
exit of the conuerqent
nog3le.
At Mach 1 ’-chocked nosge
mans Flous tate /orea becomes
maximum:
m=CP,o, , R,M,A) when M=1
A max

(or juat aboe)

M1 Cannot convert Subsonic
to Supersanic thtouan uot
1afea change M=a is
adisconinuiy
Mi
In a CD ngale, it exit Ciow is (equired to be supersonic,
the condition at the throar is equited to be sonic, otherwie
Subsonic Aous in the diverqent section will behaue a a
diCuner and decelerake the. Giou
A

A2
A, CM=1l (thoat)
(s0 chocked
P

Lettopic Qous
 A
theoak at ant at
in choked nozzle exit velocity is 'a'
A eqn:DAY= continaity
(elahian' numbet Mach Area-
temperahure then desairy tem then
change Presute ptaperh
es stagnahion cthe the to
hiqhear seduchion
is pressure duct, chnciked na a
p
=\4 when Poel517 L39 =Po
Po
P
)
=Po
T,=27
2
constant Po,Pe,lo
ant are
proçethiec stsgnahon al iauo isenhopic n
EDG
URBA
P',Tpat
toa
thr
 not sbst value b/c we are doing rho0/rho not rho0/rho*
URB AN
EDGS
I:577/|

o-51886Iy 2 M
2

M
O:57886i+ O.2
A M

osituring
elore Subs i or air,sharr iy thue is arathir mediam
2

LtM 2 2

mach number,only L A
salution e AA is p0ssible A

yalue 2
Solaion ot mach umet ber M1
epossibhe MKI
in conergen
side, in dicgen sehion)

M=n A=A

Diatomic qanes, Nait. He

13 : Combuahion qoaes Ctialomic qases), H,0, cO,.Ng0
N=|:b6o6 nonoatomlcqas C inert qases) He,AH
 A
A
A M

DiniocPrimuen ualue A/A isis atthioat :

b/c in throat section

where M=1, the area
doesn't change
M
2 2.5 3 3:5
A
AFor 5_,2 using calc.
A
whn A|A= ;M=
when hA 2M:2-191 and O:305
when A<A |5 M185 and 3

y Jalun of "IA there

will be 2 Doch numberS
a0s0cialed with nuerqenr Qnd divergenk side 22 Splationa
fos mach number
pg9sible )
 URBAN
EDGI
Nass flous (ate in o n03gle

P.A.V,- P., Va
mf6P..Ta, K, M.R)
pAV=pA( Ma) pAMoRTP RT
AM/RT

AMR'PJT T
AM' P.Pe\ To

AMP1, P
VR pg 8 relations

|R

M APo M
R*

M
ass Mow tote m= AP

CoNotant mane low ale

A, |2
theough the noggle
 Inass ous (de pexper unit area Cola) will be maxinit
at minimum aea ; at the throat
it is the only thing
erenhiate urt mach nurber (1)) that can vary, rest
are consts

m= Po M
E
A

Equate
dM

dMBT
2 )1

Equale
3-9
M + - , 2-1) 2|Z(V=r)
2

22(-)

2 N+M 2+ M-M
2
21=2

c(ars) (20) (arb)

 URBAN

loximunm amass low ole per unit area in CD noggle

Occurg at throat when M-4,whn A A

m
P
max VRT
2 2(0-1)
0-6849 Po
A Jmax
A 1

3
P1·4 2 2
uwhen medium is air =ly m

ator qiven Po and Ip oc the mas Alow rae o te ariedthe

qaa chosen can be varied Cthough R , a
a ‘m is fequired,a heauier qoo is chosen so MT and
R and

2)-2
N+|-2+2
2-2
3-
2/1-)
3-r
 Nogales
Conuerging Noggle
Resenoie ^ Pres suare)

P
P= P
To
T=To

Nelacik o Giou in ceseroit (storage) can be anEume d to be Oo.

Hence feseruoir properien can be, gosued o be
staara hien progerdes

Quoni- fteady 10 isentrapic Cious

Ae

PP P Cback pressut or
ambient preosurt.

texit presSre)
In subsonic, flow condihions ; P=Ph
Cexit pressure badk presôue
dilerence. Hence
a Cle either oLor Pinlet) ia focre oned uing_ 9_purpble
Polor Peis feuced kam ambient pensuc
\acuum punp
 URBAN
EDGI
No Clow

M‘
Subsnnic
As M1 ot exit, flow at
PT,p exit

|(Pe- P)
CClow choched ot exit) M:1 at exit.
M= 1 at exit Sonic (chshed)
Pe-pPe P >P Clow at exil bur
PP

* When PPo 00 dikerence in pressufe blu noggle inler and

exit ,hence no flow
Vo is the moximum yalue t b can talke
A As the baclk pressure reduces presâure qrodient established
gnd Gou is achieved SubSonic iouw acce le rales in a
GoncIqent noggle
>Until fious at exit reaches Sonic condition

Polt iPDoch number at any hach

P pressute can be ound

a In Subsonic fio xit plane pressure =Back pres SufeCPe P)

Pressure. distribution io continuun0 disconhnuities

baclk presue is Iepr (edcig beyond checlkiny cordibion

tne exit pressure n0 lengr
moch number veloci r be higher than bacli
exit pre ssure
will be. baclk prensure
feduces and
 ELGI

‘m

P o-523 Po, Po. Po,

P- Pey and M= 4
.()
P
when

Pe 0528 Po

P,Ae M A As stagnahon
the crihical preSSut ard
pg 11 eqn mass flou ak also
 Cbach pressure
Pp
Pa 0523Po, Po

when P= Py and M= 1 and z l·y

P
Per 0.528 Po

P,Ac M 3 As shanaica presaure

the crihical pressure asd
trt mass fio ak also

’ when Pa sPer noggle is chaclhedand

maDs loug fale no longer increase).

1Case 2: B is _constont and PoT

Por
 URBAN
EDG
when
RA

when al the aatos are

çonsk<nkngo
- When P=
Po Pa.there iis no tbus CM=o)
hen Po= Per: chocked noa2le
CM=2)
Gehueen Po and Poei the mans low
rate ie
both Po and M;hence the. relation ship is nodependen On
linear.
m=
FP.,M)
AQe o i the mass los rae yarie s ineacls uith Po only
Welociky at
at the exit ofaconueraing n0ggle
Cinterns oe p°easure.
aione)

P
Pe
2

2
To

Po To
Pe
Pe

Po
 uwhen
2
V
2 2
2 Pe
Pe
2
Por -Pe
en
Cchoking) nog3le the Ctin
ow sonic For )
2
-Pu) 2
nog3le the inflowsubsonic For )
ÉDGA