Amazing Animals a NCF Competencies Covered: Expected Learning Outcomes J Cd and C-41 — + Knowledge to be gained : * Habitat + Adaptations in animals * Feeding habits of animals * Organs for breathing and movement * Migration Skill to be developed * Differentiating animals based on their feeding habits. Attitude to be inculcated : * We should preserve all habitats. This world is full of amazing animals. Animals are found almost everywhere—from deserts topolar regions and from oceans to high mountains. Inthe following pictures, some animals and their places of living are given. Match them. Animals Places to live AnimalsHABITAT The surrounding in which an animal lives naturally is called its habitat. An animal survives or makes its home within its habitat. Different animals are found in different habitats. For example, wild animals, such as tigers, lions, monkeys and snakes, are found in the forest. Therefore, forest is the natural habitat forall these animals A habitat is essentially the place where an animal feels safe and can give birth to its young ones and bring them up safely. The main habitats of animals are discussed below: Forest A forest is a large area that contains trees and plants. A large variety of animals live in the forest. Forests are home to about 80% of terrestrial animals. Different animals live in different places in the forest. Some of them live in caves, like lions and tigers; some live in trees, like birds and monkeys; some live in the holes of trees, like birds and squirrels; some live in holes and burrows in the ground, like snakes and rabbits. A tiger in a forest A rabbit in a burrow A bird ina tree Desert Deserts are very dry places. Deserts do not have sufficient water sources or green vegetation. During the day deserts are hot, while at night they are cool. Desert animals have some special body features to survive there. Some of them like badgers bury themselves underground during the day to cool themselves. Other animals like Gila monsters have thick skin to avoid water loss through sweating. Camel is found in the desert. It stores fat in the hump and uses it as food when needed. It can live without food and water for many weeks. Camel in a desert The long legs of a camel help it to keep its body away from the heat of the sand. They also have long eyelashes to protect their eyes from the blowing sand. (2) Science-SPolar Regions and Mountains Polar regions and high mountains are very cold places as They are covered with snow. Animals like polar bears, 2S seals, penguins and snow leopards are found in these 3 regions. They are able to survive there because they b me have special features to withstand cold. For example, ¥ a they have a layer of fat under their skin to keep & themselves warm. Some of them have a thick fur too. Polar bears Oceans Oceans cover two-thirds of the Earth's surface. It is the largest habitat on the Earth A large variety of fishes are found in the oceans. Blue whales, octopuses, sharks, etc., Aohale are some aquatic animals found there Fresh Water Rivers, lakes, ponds, etc., are called fresh water habitats. Aquatic animals like fish, frogs and salamanders are found there. Frogs and salamanders can live both on land and in water. Such animals are called amphibians. CHECK YOURSELF Tick (/) the correct option: A salamander 1. The surroundings in which an animal naturally livesis called its (@)polarregion (b) habitat (adaptation 2. Which of the following is an aquaticanimal? (@) Whale (b) Penguin (Camel 3. Which of the followingis an amphibian? (a) Bear (b) Shark (Salamander ADAPTATIONS IN ANIMALS Special features that allow an organism to survive in a particular area are known as adaptations. In other words, adaptations help an animal to survive in its habitat. The most common adaptations may be seen in an animal's body covering, feeding habits, breathing organs andmovements. Science-5 (22)Body Coverings Like human beings, animals do not wear clothes to protect themselves from harsh weather conditions. For this purpose, nature has provided them with a body covering that helps them to survive in a particular habitat. They use this covering to protect themselves from extreme cold or hot weather. They also use their body coverings to protect themselves from being hunted by other animals. Body coverings of different animals have different names. 1. Scales Bodies of fishes and reptiles are covered with scales. Scales vary in size, shape and structure. The scales of shrimp are rigid, while eels have no scales. Most of the reptiles have horny scales to prevent water loss. Snakes also have scales. They use their scales to move on land. They also shed their skins periodically, which is replaced by a newons “ Scales of a fish 2. Shell A shell is a hard outer layer that protects animals when they are in danger. Animals such as snails, tortoises and turtles have shells. Shells of some animals like turtles are very hard. They can support a very heavy weight. When these animals are in danger, they withdraw their heads and limbs into their shells. ‘Shell of a tortoise Feathers Feathers cover the body of birds. They help them during their flight and also give them ¢ I | 9 shape. Birds use their feathers to keep themselves warm and to protect themselves from rain. All birds have three types of feathers, namely—flight feathers, down feathers and body feathers. Feathers of different birds » |. Fur or Wool Animals like sheep and bears have wool and fur that cover their bodies. Thick fur protects bears from rain and cold. In the same way, sheep's hair keeps them warm when itis cold. Asheep (23) Science-S5. Camouflage We know that some animals such as tigers, zebras and grasshoppers have a special body covering, They can merge their body coverings with their surroundings. This property is called camouflage, and these animals are called camouflaging animals. Camouflage makes animals hard to spot and protects them from other hunting animals and poachers (illegal hunters). Animals like chameleons can even change their colour to match their surroundings CHECK YOURSELF Tick (/) the correct option: 1. Which of the following has no scales? (@) Shrimp (b) Eel (Snake 2. Which of the following has a shell? (@)Snail () Turtle (© Both 3. Which of the following animals show camouflage? (a) Turtle (b) Whale (© Grasshopper FEEDING HABITS We know that animals need food to live. Different animals have different feeding habits. ‘They depend on plants and other animals. Some animals eat plants, some eat the flesh of other animals, while some eat both plants as well as other animals. On the basis of their feeding habits, we can divide them into three types 714 Carnivorous animals ‘Omnivorous animals1. Animals that eat only plants are called herbivores or herbivorous animals. Animals like cows, goats and deer are herbivores. 2. Animals that eat the flesh of other animals are called carnivores or carnivorous animals. Animals like lions, tigers and wolves are carnivores. 3. Animals that eat both plants and other animals are called omnivores or omnivorous animals. Animals like fox, bears and crows are omnivores. ORGANS FOR BREATHING Allliving things need to breathe to get oxygen. They take oxygen from their surroundings and release carbon dioxide. Terrestrial animals take oxygen from the atmosphere, while aquatic animals take oxygen dissolved in water. Allmammals, birds, reptiles, adult amphibians and human beings breathe through lungs. Air reaches the lungs through the nose Insects have tiny holes on their bodies. These holes are called spivacles. Insects breathe through spiracles. Aquatic animals like fishes, prawns and crabs breathe with the help of gills. An adult frog breathes through its moist skin when it is under water. But on land, it breathes through its lungs. Earthworm also breathes through its moist skin. MOVEMENT ‘Spiracies A grasshopper Gills for breathing Afish Animals can move from place to place. Different animals use different organs for movement. Some animals have legs to move. Dogs, cats, lions and human beings move with the help of theirlegs. Fishes move with the help of their fins, while frogs use their back legs to hop and webbed feet to swim. Birds can fly with the help of their wings. They also use their legs to move or hop. Insects like butterflies, fireflies and grasshoppers can fly with their wings. But, insects like ants, beetles and bugs move with their legs. St SRE 1tegs for watking Wings for fying Fins for swimming Abird A fish Alion (25) Science-SSnakes have scales to crawl, while reptiles like lizards and tortoises have limbs (legs) to move. Animals like penguins and seals swim with the help of flippers. Reptiles MIGRATION Migration is defined as the movement of an animal from one region to another, in response to changes in weather, habitat or availability of food. This happens at regular periods of time and during a particular season Animals migrate because the conditions in their habitat become too cold or too hot, or the available food becomes scarce. Some animals migrate for reproductive reasons. They migrate to a suitable place to give birth to their young ones. Migration of birds Usually the word ‘migration’ is more closely associated with the movement of birds. Birds migrate twice in a year during spring and autumn. But only some birds migrate, not all. The birds that migrate are called migratory birds, while the ones that do not migrate are called resident birds. The main reason behind their migration is to escape the extreme cold weather conditions and to find food. They come back to their original habitat each year. For example, the Siberian Crane nests near the north pole in summer and flies all the way to India in autumn to escape harsh cold conditions. oe Besides birds, some other animals, like caribou, elk, some bats, whales, etc., also migrate in search of food. Among insects, butterflies and moths also migrate. A very common example is the Monarch butterfly that migrates from Canada to Mexico during winter. + The word migration comes, from the Latin word ‘migratus’, which means ‘to change’. ‘+ Migrating ducks and geese often fly in V-shape Monarch butterfly formations that help them in saving energy. Sclence-5 [25)k=» __ Habitat : surroundings in which animals naturally live Desert : ahot and dry place Scales: thin overlapping plates that cover and protect fish and reptiles Gills: breathing organs of fish + Ourworldis full of amazing animals. “The surrounding in which an animal naturally lives is called its habitat ¢ Alarge variety of animalslive in forests, “Oceanis the largest habitat in the world * ‘Adaptations help an animal to survive inits habitat. * Herbivores eat plants; carnivores eat the flesh of other animals; while omnivores eat both plants and animals, ‘All mammals, birds, reptiles, adult amphibians and human beings breathe through the lungs. * ° A. Select the best alternative for each of the following: 1, Acamel stores fat in its (i) hump 2. Penguins are found in (@ forests Different animals use different organs for movement. Migratory birds migrate twice ayear during spring and autumn, Nl 4 (i) stomach (ii) polarregions 3. Animalsliving in water are known as (i) amphibians 4, Animals that eat both plants and animals are called (i) herbivores B. Circle the odd one: 1. Lion 2. Octopus 3. Bug i) reptiles (ii) omnivores Tiger Frog Butterfly ii) skin Gii) deserts (ii) aquaticanimals (iii) carnivores Camel Shark Firefly (7 Science-sC. Answer the following questions: 1. Why do animals live in different types of habitats? 2. How do the body coverings of animals help them? 3. Do all animals move in the same way? 4. Which habitat is dry and hot? 5. Name the breathing organ in insects. D. Fillinthe blanks: 1. are very cold. (Polar regions/Deserts) 2. In desert, badgers bury themselves underground to keep themselves a (warm/cool) 3. Oceans contain water. (salty/fresh) 4. Crabs breathe with the help of their (skin/gills) 5. Snakes have to crawl. (scales/limbs) E. Identify the animals in the pictures and write their names in the lines provided: F. Answer the following questions in your own words: Name two animals of the polar region. Name two animals that have scales on their bodies. What is a habitat? What are amphibians? wRwNe What is camouflage? How does it help animals? ieee A. Visit a 200 to know more about different animals and observe how they eat and more. After the visit, leada fun group discussion in the classroom where every one feels comfortable sharing their ideas and thoughts on different animals’ eating habits and their movements Science-5 [28) 2 Leadership & ResponsibilityCollaboration B. The teacher will draw 2 circles on the floor with the help of chalks or white board markers. One circle should be bigger than the other. The teacher will write 'R’ at the centre of the smaller circle and 'O' at the centre of the bigger circle. Here, ‘R’ means river, and‘O’ means ocean. Now, the teacher will ask each student to come forward and write either a freshwater animal or a sea animal in their respective circle. In case of an amphibian, its name would be written in both the circles. If a student makes a mistake, their classmates should correctit. ‘This game would make the concept of sea animals, freshwater animals and amphibians cleartoall the students. PT See See SCC We have read about migratory birds in this Chapter. Every year, many migratory birds come to India. Names of few migratory birds and the places visited by them are given below. Match them. 1. Asian Koel (a)_ Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary, Gujarat 2. Siberian Cranes (b) Nalsarovar Lake, Gujarat 3. Greater Flamingo (© Bharatpur, Rajasthan 4, Amur Falcon (@) Puducherry 5. Kingfisher (e) Doyang Lake, Nagaland Way 2 Information, Media & Technology Literacy _ Oa Do youlike watching movies? Do you watch movies with your family members? Next time, you plan to watch a movie, ask your parents to arrange this movie: The Jungle Book. Itis the story of a boy, Mowgli, who was brought by a pack of wolves in the jungle. When Shere Khan (a tiger) threatens to kill Mowgli, Bagheera (a panther) and Baloo (a bear) help him escape his clutches. You will also see lots of other animals who live in the jungle like pythons, monkeys, buffaloes, elephants, porcupines, Pygmy hogs, etc. Observe what these animals eat, where they stay and how they walk/fly. FOOTNOTE 1 ways. acher should tell students that animal an integral part of our life and we should look after them in all po (28) Science-s