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EXPERIMENT – 8 Properties of Acetic Acid

The experiment aims to study the properties of acetic acid, including its odour, solubility in water, effect on litmus, and reaction with sodium bicarbonate. Acetic acid, or ethanoic acid (CH3COOH), is a weak acid that has a vinegar-like smell, is soluble in water, turns blue litmus red, and reacts with sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide. The procedure involves various tests to observe these properties and includes precautions for safe handling.

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23 views

EXPERIMENT – 8 Properties of Acetic Acid

The experiment aims to study the properties of acetic acid, including its odour, solubility in water, effect on litmus, and reaction with sodium bicarbonate. Acetic acid, or ethanoic acid (CH3COOH), is a weak acid that has a vinegar-like smell, is soluble in water, turns blue litmus red, and reacts with sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide. The procedure involves various tests to observe these properties and includes precautions for safe handling.

Uploaded by

loveishkishor1906
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT – 8

Aim

To study the following properties of acetic acid (ethanoic acid):


(i) odour (smell)
(ii) solubility in water
(iii) effect on litmus
(iv) reaction with sodium bicarbonate

Theory
Acetic Acid
> The chemical name and formula of acetic acid is ethanoic acid, CH3COOH.
> The functional group — COOH group is responsible for the properties of acetic acid. —COOH is called
carboxyl group.
> It is also called glacial acetic acid, because it freezes at 16.6°C.
> Acetic acid is soluble in water.
> It has vinegar like smell.
- +
> It dissociates in water to form CH3COO and H ions. The dissociation is partial and hence it is called
weak acid.
> It turns blue litmus red.
> It reacts with sodium bicarbonate to liberate CO2 gas.

> Acetic acid reacts with alcohol to form ester. This reaction is called esterification. Esters have fruity
smell.

Materials Required
Test tubes, water, litmus paper, test tube stand, a dropper, a beaker, a cork fit in a test tube with bent
tube fixed in it.
Chemicals Required: Acetic acid (ethanoic acid), Distilled water, Sodium bicarbonate and Freshly
prepared lime water.

Procedure
1. Dilute the given acetic acid with distilled water in a beaker.
2. Pour 5 ml of acetic acid in a test tube and perform the following tests:
S.No. Test Experiment Observation Inference

1. Odour Take 5 mL of acetic acid in a It has a peculiar Acetic acid has a vinegar
test tube and smell it by pungent smell, like smell.
wafting. (vinegar like smell)

2. Solubility in Take 2 mL of acetic acid in a It dissolves in water Acetic acid is soluble in


water test tube, add 10-15 mL of to form water in all proportions.
water and shake. homogeneous
solution.

3. Effect on Use clean dropper and pour Blue litmus paper Acetic acid turns blue
Litmus 1-2 drops of acetic acid on turns red. litmus red.
blue-litmus paper.

Take a pinch of sodium Reaction begins, brisk


Acetic acid and sodium
bicarbonate in a clean test effervescence is seen,
bicarbonate react to
tube and add 1 mL of dilute a colourless gas is
liberate CO2 gas.
acetic acid in the test tube. evolved.

CO2 gas evolved above


reacts with calcium
Sodium hydroxide to form
4. Fix a cork with bent delivery
bicarbonate calcium carbonate which
tube in the mouth of above is insoluble in water.
The gas turns lime
test tube. Dip the other end
water milky. Ca(OH)2 + CO2 —>
of delivery tube to a test
tube containing lime water. CaCO3 + H20

(White

precipitate)

Reactions

Precautions
1. Acetic acid should be handled with care.
2. The vapours of the chemicals should not be inhaled.
3. Add only small amount of NaHCO3 to ethanoic acid to control the intensity of CO2 evolved.
4. Use freshly prepared lime water for CO2 test.

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