(8 pages) Reg. No. : Code No. : 5385 Sub. Code : ZMAM 43 MSc. (CBCS) DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL 2023, Fourth Semester Mathematics ~ Core FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS (or those who joined in July 2021 onwards) ‘Time : Three hours Maximum: 75 marks PART A— (10% 1 = 10 marks) Answer ALL questions ‘Choose the correct answer: 1. Which one of the following is not tr (@) Every complete normed linear space is = Banach space (&) The norm is a continuous function (©) If the linear transformation Tis continuous then Tis bounded (@) If AL ig a closed linear subspace of a normed linear space N, then N/M is a Banach space. 5. ‘The parallelogram law tates that © feof sof ale 2b Tt © fetalt-2=2bf “feof © feeof -Le-of =2hf +2bf @ fev +2) -f-of +2bf If S in non-empty subset of a Hilbert space then Sit is @) Ss ) St oO ¢ (dy sth 7. Which one of the property is not the property of the adjoint operation 7-+7" on @(H) @) (+%) «Ty +7 &) (AT) =7/ 7; @ T=T @ fendi 10. Let Nand N’ be normed linear spaces. An ‘isometric isomorphism of N into "is a one ~ to one linear transformation T of N into NV! such that () [P@)[¢LzH for every = in () | Tc)]=[=] forevery x in ¥ © [rel @ Te=Th)=x=¥ If X is a compact Hausdorff space, then @ (X) is reflexive ifand only if (a) X isa finite set © X isacountable set (© X incomplete @ xi Banach space Let T be a linear transformation of B into B. ‘The graph of T is a subset of @ B o B © BxB @ BB Page2 Code No. : 5385 Alf adjsint peator A isi tobe postive i @ (Ax, Ax)20 forall x (&) (Ax, x) is real for all x © (4x,x)20 forall x © [aber Anoperate 7 on 1! ia adit if nd oly @ T+T'=0 (b) (Tx, x) is real for all x © %(Tr'=TT [rt sfelrs| orevery = If P is the projection on Af then I-P is the Projection on @® oO om © I-M @ M-M Paged Code No. : 5385 (P7.0}u 1 18, PART DB — (6 « 5 = 25 marks) Answer ALL questions, choosing either (n) or (). (a) Define a Banach epace with two examples. Or 0) TAF is a closed linear subspace of n normed linear space N’ and x, is vector not in My prove that there existe a fanetional f, an such that fa(m)=0 and fo(s)#0 (a) 18 is a normed linear space, prove that the closed unit sphere S° in N" is a compact Hausdorff space in the weak" topology. Or (@) State and prove the closed graph theorem. (a) Prove that the inner produet in a Hilbert space is jointly continuous, or () Let Af be 0 closed near aubypace of 9 Hilbert space lt bea vector natin Mf, and let d be the distance fom x 10 Bf. Prove tht there exte a unigue vector 99 M ruchehat [e-yfed. PageS Code No. : 5385 (@) If N* is a Banach space, prove that the normed linear space (N, N’) is alsoa Banach space. (2) Define # reflexive space with an example. If B is a Banach space, prove that Bis reflexive <> B” is reflexive, or (@) Let B and B" be Banach spaces. Let Tbe a continuous linear transformation of 3 onto BY. Prove that the image of each open sphere centered on the origin in B contains ‘an open ephere centered on the origin in (@) State and prove the Banach ~ Steinhous theorem, Or ©) Prove that a closed convex subset C of a Hilbert epace 7 contains a unique veetor of ‘smallest norm, (a) State and prove Bossel's inequality. Or ©) Let Af be a Hilbert space and let f be an arbitrary functional is 11", Prove that thore exists a unique vector y in such that 1 (x)= (x, y) for every x in HH Page7 Code No. : 6385 VG) Lat bye epoutg be a finite orthinvrmal wet in a Thlbiort mpace HF. f 2 in any wortor in prove that Slee? ba Slee e te, foreach » or (©) Show that an orthonormal wt im a Hilbert space i ineney independent 15, (@) If Tin an operator on Mt for which (ts, 2)=0 for all x, prove that 7 =0 or () Prove that an operator 7° on IH, ix unitary 22 it in an inometrie inomorphisni of {1 onto itnelf, PART C—(6 1 8=40 marks) “Answer ALL questions, choosing either (a) or (h) 1G. @) Let M be a cloned Jinoar subypace of a normed linear space N’, Prove that NUM ix fa normed linear space. If Nix a Banach apace, prove that N/M is also a Banach space. or Page6 Code No. : 63186, 20, (a) If P is an operator on H, prove that 1” is normal @ its real and imaginary parts commute or, ©) If isaprojectionon If with rango M ond null space WV, prove that MLN e9P is solf adjoint. Also prove that N= AM in this case Page8 Code No. : 5385