ETHIOPIA NATIONAL ELECTRICITY

DISTRIBUTION CODE

Ethiopian Energy Authority (EEA)

DRAFT

August 2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 PREAMBLE 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 STRUCTURE OF DISTRIBUTION CODE .............................................................................................. 1
1.3 SCOPE OF THE ENDGC ................................................................................................................ 2
2 GLOSSARY 3
2.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 3
2.2 GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................................. 3
2.3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................. 14
2.4 LIST OF UNITS .......................................................................................................................... 15
3 GENERAL CONDITIONS................................................................................................... 17
3.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 17
3.2 SCOPE..................................................................................................................................... 17
3.3 OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................................................... 17
3.4 IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT ........................................................................................ 17
3.5 SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................................................... 18
3.6 UNFORESEEN CIRCUMSTANCES ................................................................................................... 18
3.7 FORCE MAJEURE ...................................................................................................................... 19
3.8 COMPLIANCE ........................................................................................................................... 19
3.9 NON-COMPLIANCE ................................................................................................................... 20
3.9.1 Non-Compliance Situations .................................................................................................. 20
3.9.2 Penalties ............................................................................................................................... 20
3.10 DEROGATION ........................................................................................................................... 21
3.10.1 Derogation Request.............................................................................................................. 21
3.10.1.1 DNSPs and Generation Licensees ........................................................................................ 22
3.10.1.2 Customers ........................................................................................................................... 22
3.10.2 Derogation Review ............................................................................................................... 23
3.10.3 Derogation Reporting ........................................................................................................... 23
3.10.4 Derogation Register.............................................................................................................. 23
3.10.5 24
3.10.6 Transitional Provisions ......................................................................................................... 24
3.11 DISPUTE RESOLUTION................................................................................................................ 24
3.12 INDEPENDENT EXPERT OPINION .................................................................................................. 25
3.13 ENDGC INTERPRETATION .......................................................................................................... 25
3.14 HIERARCHY .............................................................................................................................. 26
3.15 CONFIDENTIALITY...................................................................................................................... 26
3.15.1 Confidential Information ...................................................................................................... 26
3.15.2 Exceptions ............................................................................................................................ 27
3.15.3 Application of Confidentiality to the Regulatory Authority ................................................. 27
3.15.4 Indemnity to the Regulatory Authority ................................................................................ 27
3.15.5 Party Information ................................................................................................................. 27

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3.15.6 Information on Ethiopia National Distribution Code Bodies ................................................ 27

3.16 CONSTRUCTION OF REFERENCES.................................................................................................. 28
3.16.1 Preamble, Table of Contents and Headings ......................................................................... 28
3.16.2 Cross References .................................................................................................................. 28
3.16.3 Definitions ............................................................................................................................ 28
3.16.4 Figures .................................................................................................................................. 28
3.16.5 Gender, Singular and Plural .................................................................................................. 28
3.16.6 Include and Including ........................................................................................................... 28
3.16.7 Mandatory Provisions .......................................................................................................... 29
3.16.8 Person or Entity .................................................................................................................... 29
3.16.9 References ............................................................................................................................ 29
3.16.10 Written and in Writing ......................................................................................................... 29
3.17 LANGUAGE .............................................................................................................................. 29
4 GOVERNANCE ................................................................................................................ 31
4.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 31
4.2 GOVERNANCE DOCUMENTS........................................................................................................ 31
4.3 ETHIOPIA NATIONAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM GRID CODE REVIEW COMMITTEE (ENDGCRC) ................. 32
4.3.1 Role of the ENDGCRC ........................................................................................................... 32
4.3.2 Composition of the ENDGCRC .............................................................................................. 32
4.3.3 Conduct of Business ............................................................................................................. 33
4.3.4 Constitution and Rules of the Distribution Code Review Committee .................................. 33
4.3.4.1 Committee Name ................................................................................................................ 33
4.3.5 Distribution Code Review Committee Member Qualifications ............................................ 33
4.3.5.1 Chairperson ......................................................................................................................... 33
4.3.5.2 Committee Member ............................................................................................................ 33
4.3.6 Term of Office ...................................................................................................................... 34
4.3.7 Appointment by Regulatory Authority ................................................................................. 34
4.3.8 Nature of Member ............................................................................................................... 34
4.3.9 Retirement of Members ....................................................................................................... 34
4.3.10 Alternates ............................................................................................................................. 34
4.3.11 Ceasing to Act ....................................................................................................................... 35
4.3.12 References Include Alternates ............................................................................................. 35
4.3.13 Representation and Voting .................................................................................................. 35
4.3.13.1 Representation .................................................................................................................... 35
4.3.13.2 Voting .................................................................................................................................. 35
4.3.14 Removal ................................................................................................................................ 35
4.4 THE CHAIRPERSON POSITION ...................................................................................................... 36
4.4.1 Appointment/Removal ......................................................................................................... 36
4.4.2 Alternate Chairperson .......................................................................................................... 36
4.5 THE SECRETARY POSITION .......................................................................................................... 36

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4.5.1 Appointment ........................................................................................................................ 36

4.5.2 Duties ................................................................................................................................... 36
4.5.3 Registers ............................................................................................................................... 36
4.5.4 Group Representative’s Addresses ...................................................................................... 37
4.6 MEETINGS ............................................................................................................................... 37
4.6.1 Date and Venue .................................................................................................................... 37
4.6.2 Further Meetings.................................................................................................................. 37
4.6.3 Notice of Meetings ............................................................................................................... 37
4.6.3.1 Notice by Chairperson ......................................................................................................... 37
4.6.3.2 Details in Notice .................................................................................................................. 37
4.6.3.3 Failure to Give Notice .......................................................................................................... 37
4.6.3.4 Proposal for Agenda ............................................................................................................ 37
4.6.4 Proceedings at Meetings ...................................................................................................... 38
4.6.4.1 Quorum ............................................................................................................................... 38
4.6.4.2 Inquorate Meetings ............................................................................................................. 38
4.6.5 Agenda ................................................................................................................................. 38
4.6.6 Validity of Acts...................................................................................................................... 38
4.6.7 Written Resolution ............................................................................................................... 38
4.6.8 Meeting Attendance ............................................................................................................ 38
4.6.9 Minutes ................................................................................................................................ 39
4.6.9.1 Circulation ........................................................................................................................... 39
4.6.9.2 Approval of Minutes ............................................................................................................ 39
4.6.9.3 Amendments ....................................................................................................................... 39
4.6.10 Guidance from the ENDGCRC............................................................................................... 39
4.6.11 Sub-Committees and Working Groups ................................................................................. 39
4.6.11.1 Sub-Committees .................................................................................................................. 39
4.6.11.2 Working Groups .................................................................................................................. 39
4.6.11.3 Resolutions .......................................................................................................................... 39
4.7 VACATION OF OFFICE ................................................................................................................ 40
4.8 MEMBER’S RESPONSIBILITIES AND PROTECTIONS ........................................................................... 40
4.8.1 Responsibilities ..................................................................................................................... 40
4.8.2 Representation ..................................................................................................................... 40
4.8.3 Reliance on Documentation ................................................................................................. 40
4.9 REVISION TO THE DISTRIBUTION CODE ......................................................................................... 40
4.10 ENDGC AUDITS ....................................................................................................................... 41
4.10.1 Customer request ................................................................................................................. 41
4.10.2 Information Requirements ................................................................................................... 41
4.10.3 Withholding Information...................................................................................................... 41
4.11 CONTRACTING .......................................................................................................................... 41
4.12 REGISTRATION.......................................................................................................................... 42
4.12.1 Users ..................................................................................................................................... 42
4.12.2 Licensed Entities ................................................................................................................... 42

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4.12.3 Registration of Licensees ...................................................................................................... 42

4.13 NOTICES .................................................................................................................................. 42
4.13.1 Service of Notices ................................................................................................................. 42
4.13.2 Time of Service ..................................................................................................................... 43
4.13.3 Counting of Days .................................................................................................................. 43
4.13.4 Reference to Addressee ....................................................................................................... 43
4.14 ENFORCEMENT ......................................................................................................................... 44
4.14.1 Investigations ....................................................................................................................... 44
4.14.2 Entry and Inspection ............................................................................................................ 44
4.14.3 Function of the Regulatory Authority................................................................................... 44
4.14.4 Alleged Breaches .................................................................................................................. 44
4.14.5 Sanctions .............................................................................................................................. 45
4.14.6 Regulatory Authority Action ................................................................................................. 45
4.14.7 User Action ........................................................................................................................... 46
4.14.8 Publications .......................................................................................................................... 46
4.14.9 System Security Directions ................................................................................................... 46
4.15 MONITORING AND REPORTING ................................................................................................... 47
4.15.1 Monitoring Objectives .......................................................................................................... 47
4.15.2 Reporting Requirements and Monitoring Standards ........................................................... 47
4.15.3 Use of Information ............................................................................................................... 48
4.15.4 Reporting .............................................................................................................................. 49
4.15.5 Recovery of Reporting Costs ................................................................................................ 49

5 CONNECTIONS ............................................................................................................... 51
5.1 PROCEDURES FOR CONNECTION OR MODIFICATION......................................................................... 51
5.1.1 Application ........................................................................................................................... 51
5.1.1.1 Application for Connection.................................................................................................. 51
5.1.1.2 Application for Generating Plant Connection ...................................................................... 51
5.1.2 Distribution System Requirements ...................................................................................... 51
5.1.3 Application Requirements .................................................................................................... 51
5.1.4 Small Connections (10kVA and below)................................................................................. 52
5.1.5 Medium Connections (Up to 2 MVA) ................................................................................... 52
5.1.6 Large Connections (Greater than 2 MVA) ............................................................................ 53
5.1.7 Generation Connections....................................................................................................... 54
5.1.7.1 Small Generating Plant (less than 50KW) ............................................................................ 54
5.1.7.2 Medium Generating Plant (50 kW – 10 MW) ...................................................................... 55
5.1.7.3 Large Generating Plants (Greater than 10 MW) .................................................................. 58
5.1.8 Processing of Applications.................................................................................................... 61
5.1.9 System Impact Studies ......................................................................................................... 61
5.1.10 Application Approval ............................................................................................................ 62

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5.1.11 Connection Agreement ........................................................................................................ 62

5.1.12 Submittal of Information Prior to the Commissioning Date................................................. 63
5.1.13 Commissioning of Equipment and Connecting to Distribution System ............................... 64
5.1.14 Ownership Boundaries ......................................................................................................... 64
5.1.15 Electrical Diagrams and Drawing Requirements .................................................................. 65
5.1.15.1 Preparation of Electrical Diagrams ...................................................................................... 65
5.1.15.2 Changes to Electrical Diagrams and Connection Point Drawing .......................................... 65
5.1.15.3 Validity of Electrical Diagrams and Drawings ...................................................................... 66
5.2 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS AT CUSTOMER CONNECTION POINT....................................................... 66
5.2.1 Supply Quality Standards ..................................................................................................... 66
5.2.2 Frequency Variations............................................................................................................ 66
5.2.3 Voltage Levels....................................................................................................................... 66
5.2.4 Voltage Variations ................................................................................................................ 67
5.2.5 Transient and Short Duration Voltage Variations ................................................................ 67
5.2.6 Voltage Unbalance ............................................................................................................... 67
5.2.7 Harmonics ............................................................................................................................ 68
5.2.8 Flicker ................................................................................................................................... 70
5.2.9 Grounding Requirements ..................................................................................................... 70
5.2.10 Equipment Short Circuit Rating ............................................................................................ 71
5.2.11 Monitoring and Control Equipment Requirements.............................................................. 71
5.2.12 Equipment and Maintenance Standards .............................................................................. 71
5.2.13 Power Factor ........................................................................................................................ 71
5.2.14 Under Frequency Relays for Automatic Load Shedding ....................................................... 72
5.3 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CONVENTIONAL GENERATING PLANTS ............................................. 72
5.3.1 Embedded Generator ........................................................................................................... 72
5.3.2 System Frequency ................................................................................................................ 72
5.3.3 Protection System Coordination .......................................................................................... 73
5.3.4 Reactive Power ..................................................................................................................... 75
5.3.5 Black Start............................................................................................................................. 76
5.3.6 Islanding ............................................................................................................................... 76
5.4 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR RENEWABLE POWER PLANTS ......................................................... 76
5.4.1 Fault Ride-through Requirements for RPPs.......................................................................... 76
5.4.2 Remain Connected Voltage Condition ................................................................................. 77
5.4.3 Active Power Provision During a Fault ................................................................................. 78
5.4.4 Reactive Current Flows During Fault .................................................................................... 78
5.4.5 Active Power Recovery After Fault....................................................................................... 78
5.4.6 Power System Remain Connected Frequency Ranges ......................................................... 78
5.4.7 Active Power Control............................................................................................................ 79
5.4.8 Frequency Response ............................................................................................................ 79

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5.4.9 Ramp Rates........................................................................................................................... 80

5.4.10 Reactive Power Capability .................................................................................................... 80
5.4.11 Rate of Change of Frequency Range .................................................................................... 81
5.4.12 Voltage and Frequency for Synchronization ........................................................................ 81
5.4.13 Active Power Control for Wind Generating Plants ............................................................... 81
5.4.14 Islanding ............................................................................................................................... 81

6 PLANNING 82
6.1 DISTRIBUTION PLANNING RESPONSIBILITY..................................................................................... 82
6.1.1 Planning Data ....................................................................................................................... 82
6.1.2 5-Year Distribution Plan ....................................................................................................... 82
6.1.3 Submission, Consolidation and Maintenance of Planning Data ........................................... 82
6.1.4 Energy and Demand Forecast .............................................................................................. 83
6.1.5 Distribution System Planning ............................................................................................... 84
6.1.5.1 Planning Study Costing Methodology ................................................................................. 85
6.1.5.2 Reactive Compensation ....................................................................................................... 85
6.1.5.3 Substation Locations ........................................................................................................... 85
6.1.5.4 Voltage Regulation .............................................................................................................. 85
6.1.5.5 Substation Standardization ................................................................................................. 85
6.1.5.6 Distribution Transformer Protection ................................................................................... 85
6.2 PLANNING STUDIES ................................................................................................................... 86
6.2.1 Voltage Drop Studies ............................................................................................................ 86
6.2.2 Short Circuit Studies ............................................................................................................. 86
6.2.3 Load Forecast ....................................................................................................................... 86
6.2.3.1 Load Profiles ........................................................................................................................ 87
6.2.3.2 Aggregate Energy Requirement at Transmission Connection Point .................................... 87
6.2.4 Distribution System Reliability Studies ................................................................................. 88
6.2.5 Losses ................................................................................................................................... 88

7 OPERATIONS .................................................................................................................. 89
7.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE ................................................................................................................ 89
7.2 OPERATIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES.................................................................................................. 89
7.2.1 Distribution Network Service Provider (DNSP) .................................................................... 90
7.2.2 Generation Licensees ........................................................................................................... 90
7.2.3 Distribution Network Users .................................................................................................. 91
7.3 OPERATIONAL PLANNING ........................................................................................................... 91
7.3.1 LOAD FORECAST ................................................................................................................... 91
7.3.2 Demand Forecast Information ............................................................................................. 91
7.3.2.1 Operational Planning Phase (next year ahead) ................................................................... 92
7.3.2.2 Programming Phase (24 hours to 8 weeks ahead inclusive) ............................................... 92
7.3.2.3 Control Phase (0 to 24 hours ahead) ................................................................................... 92
7.4 MAINTENANCE PLANS ............................................................................................................... 92

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7.4.1 Maintenance Standards ....................................................................................................... 92

7.4.2 Maintenance Plans and Time Scales .................................................................................... 93
7.4.3 Annual Maintenance Plan .................................................................................................... 93
7.5 VEGETATION MANAGEMENT ...................................................................................................... 94
7.5.2 Purpose ................................................................................................................................ 94
7.5.3 Alternatives to Vegetation Clearing ..................................................................................... 94
7.5.4 Vegetation Management Program....................................................................................... 95
7.5.5 Practices and Classifications ................................................................................................. 96
7.5.6 Important Vegetation ........................................................................................................... 97
7.5.7 Important Locations ............................................................................................................. 97
7.5.8 Clearance Space ................................................................................................................... 98
7.5.9 Fire Hazard Categories ......................................................................................................... 98
7.5.10 Factors Affecting Dimensions of Distribution Power Line Clearance ................................... 98
7.5.11 Consumer Responsibilities ................................................................................................... 99
7.5.12 Notification, Consultation and Negotiation ......................................................................... 99
7.5.13 Emergency Clearing .............................................................................................................. 99
7.5.14 Disputes .............................................................................................................................. 100
7.5.15 Training............................................................................................................................... 100
7.6 DISTRIBUTION ASSET REGISTER ................................................................................................. 100
7.7 PUBLIC LIGHTING .................................................................................................................... 101
7.8 OUTAGE SCHEDULE ................................................................................................................. 101
7.9 CONTINGENCY PLANNING ........................................................................................................ 102
7.9.1 Types of Contingencies....................................................................................................... 102
7.9.2 System Blackout ................................................................................................................. 102
7.9.3 System Recovery ................................................................................................................ 103
7.9.4 Failure of Transmission System or Equipment ................................................................... 103
7.9.5 Distribution System Failure ................................................................................................ 103
7.10 DEMAND CONTROL ................................................................................................................. 104
7.10.1 Objective and Scope ........................................................................................................... 104
7.10.2 Methods of Demand Control ............................................................................................. 104
7.10.3 Implementation of Demand Control .................................................................................. 105
7.11 SAFETY COORDINATION ........................................................................................................... 106
7.11.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................ 106
7.11.2 Scope .................................................................................................................................. 106
7.11.3 DNSP’s Works ..................................................................................................................... 106
7.11.3.1 Sufficiency of DNSP’s Works .............................................................................................. 106
7.11.3.2 Enclosed Spaces ................................................................................................................ 107
7.11.3.3 Rotating Equipment and Other Moving Parts ................................................................... 107
7.11.3.4 Low, medium, High Voltages ............................................................................................. 107
7.11.3.5 Protective Measures.......................................................................................................... 108
7.11.3.6 Precaution Measures......................................................................................................... 108

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7.11.4 Inspection of DNSP’s Works ............................................................................................... 109

7.11.5 Earthing Connections ......................................................................................................... 109
7.11.5.1 Continuity of the Supply Neutral Conductor and Earthing Connections ........................... 109
7.11.5.2 General Requirements with Earthing Connections ........................................................... 109
7.11.5.3 Protective Multiple Earthing ............................................................................................. 110
7.11.5.4 Earthing of Metalwork....................................................................................................... 111
7.11.6 Electrical Lines placed above Ground................................................................................. 112
7.11.6.1 Restrictions on Placing Electrical Lines above Ground ...................................................... 112
7.11.6.2 Minimum Height of Overhead Lines.................................................................................. 112
7.11.6.3 Clearance from Building, Trees, and Structures ................................................................ 113
7.11.6.4 Position, Insulation and Protection of Electric Lines ......................................................... 113
7.11.6.5 Precautions against Access ................................................................................................ 114
7.11.6.6 Insulators in Stay Wires ..................................................................................................... 114
7.11.6.7 Unused Overhead Lines..................................................................................................... 114
7.11.7 Underground Electrical Lines ............................................................................................. 115
7.11.7.1 General Restrictions .......................................................................................................... 115
7.11.7.2 Protective Screens ............................................................................................................. 115
7.11.7.3 Installation of Underground Cables................................................................................... 115
7.11.7.4 Underground Map of DNSP’s Works ................................................................................. 115
7.11.8 Supply to customer’s installations ..................................................................................... 116
7.11.8.1 DNSP’s Works on Customer Premises ............................................................................... 116
7.11.8.2 Provision of Earthing Terminal .......................................................................................... 117
7.11.8.3 General Conditions for Customers .................................................................................... 117
7.11.8.4 Discontinuance of Supply in Certain Circumstances ......................................................... 117
7.11.8.5 DNSP to Provide Continuous Electric Supply ..................................................................... 118
7.11.8.6 Electricity Consumption .................................................................................................... 119
7.11.8.7 Prohibitions ....................................................................................................................... 119
7.11.9 Electric Power Industry Safety Code .................................................................................. 119
7.11.10 Operational Safety.............................................................................................................. 120
7.11.10.1 Approved Safety Management Systems............................................................................ 120
7.11.10.2 Procedures ........................................................................................................................ 120
7.11.10.3 System of Documentation ................................................................................................. 120
7.11.10.4 Safety Precautions ............................................................................................................. 121
7.11.11 Environmental Safety ......................................................................................................... 121
7.12 SECURITY OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS ......................................................................................... 121
7.12.1 Proclamation on Energy ..................................................................................................... 121
7.12.2 Electric Facility Theft and Vandalism Deterrent Program .................................................. 122
7.12.2.1 Performance Measures ..................................................................................................... 122
7.12.2.2 Reporting Requirements ................................................................................................... 122
7.13 OPERATIONAL LIAISON ............................................................................................................ 122
7.13.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................ 122
7.13.2 Procedures ......................................................................................................................... 123
7.13.2.1 Contact List ........................................................................................................................ 123
7.13.2.2 Notification ........................................................................................................................ 123
7.13.3 Form of Notification ........................................................................................................... 124
7.14 INFORMATION FLOW AND COORDINATION.................................................................................. 124

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7.14.1 Responsibility ..................................................................................................................... 124

7.14.2 Communications ................................................................................................................ 124
7.14.3 Outage Coordination .......................................................................................................... 125
7.14.3.1 Distribution Network Users Connected at Medium and High Voltage .............................. 125
7.14.3.2 All other Distribution Network Users ................................................................................ 125
7.14.4 Significant Incident and Accident Reporting ...................................................................... 125
7.14.4.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 125
7.14.4.2 Incident Reporting ............................................................................................................. 125
7.14.4.3 Joint Investigation of Significant Incidents ........................................................................ 126
7.14.4.4 Report to the Regulatory Authority ................................................................................... 126
7.15 GENERATING PLANTS CAPABILITY TESTS ..................................................................................... 127
7.15.1 Test Requirements ............................................................................................................. 127
7.15.2 Tests To Be Performed ....................................................................................................... 128
7.16 FACILITY AND EQUIPMENT IDENTIFICATION ................................................................................. 129
7.16.1 Site and Equipment Identification Requirements .............................................................. 129
7.16.2 Site and Equipment Identification Label ............................................................................ 129
7.16.3 Signage and Labeling .......................................................................................................... 129

8 METERING 130
8.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE .............................................................................................................. 130
8.1.1 Purpose .............................................................................................................................. 130
8.1.2 Applicability ........................................................................................................................ 130
8.2 OBLIGATIONS ......................................................................................................................... 131
8.2.1 Installation and Replacement of Metering Equipment ...................................................... 131
8.3 STANDARD METERING SYSTEMS ................................................................................................ 132
8.3.1 Standard Medium Voltage Metering Systems ................................................................... 132
8.3.2 Standard Low Voltage Metering Systems .......................................................................... 133
8.4 ALTERNATIVES TO STANDARD METERING SYSTEMS ...................................................................... 133
8.5 FAULTY METERING EQUIPMENT ................................................................................................ 133
8.6 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS AND ACCURACY OF METERS .............................................................. 134
8.7 AUDIT AND INSTALLATION TESTS ............................................................................................... 135
8.8 ACCESS TO METERING SYSTEMS................................................................................................ 135
8.9 SECURITY OF METERING SYSTEMS ............................................................................................. 135
8.9.1 Statute Law Miscellaneous Amendment Bill ...................................................................... 135
8.9.2 Energy Diversion Program .................................................................................................. 136
8.9.2.1 Performance Measures ..................................................................................................... 136
8.9.2.2 Reporting Requirements ................................................................................................... 136
8.9.3 Meter Sealing ..................................................................................................................... 136
8.9.4 Meter Data ......................................................................................................................... 136
8.10 METER READING .................................................................................................................... 136
8.11 REMOTE METERING EQUIPMENT .............................................................................................. 137
8.12 DATA MANAGEMENT .............................................................................................................. 137
8.13 DATA REGISTRATION ............................................................................................................... 137

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8.14 DATA VALIDATION AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT FACTORS ................................................................... 138

8.15 METERING DISPUTES ............................................................................................................... 138
9 PERFORMANCE STANDARDS ....................................................................................... 140
9.1 PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................... 140
9.2 APPLICABILITY ........................................................................................................................ 140
The Distribution Performance Standards apply to: .......................................................................... 140
9.3 OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................... 140
9.4 CONFIDENTIALITY.................................................................................................................... 140
9.5 SUPPLY QUALITY STANDARDS ................................................................................................... 140
9.5.1 Rural and Urban Customers ............................................................................................... 140
9.5.1.1 Request for Rural Area Designation .................................................................................. 141
9.5.2 Types of Interruptions ........................................................................................................ 141
9.5.3 Interruption Register Requirements .................................................................................. 142
9.5.3.1 Interruption Start Time ..................................................................................................... 142
9.5.3.2 Interruption Ending Time .................................................................................................. 142
9.5.3.3 Interruption Time Uniformity ............................................................................................ 142
9.5.3.4 Customer Outage Notification........................................................................................... 142
9.5.3.5 Special Cases ..................................................................................................................... 143
9.5.3.6 Performance Indicator Calculation .................................................................................... 143
9.5.4 Performance Indicators ...................................................................................................... 143
9.5.5 Supply Quality Performance Indicator Types ..................................................................... 143
9.5.5.1 Customer Performance Indicators .................................................................................... 143
9.5.5.2 System Performance Indicators ........................................................................................ 144
9.5.5.3 Calculation Intervals .......................................................................................................... 144
9.5.6 Tolerance of Performance indicators ................................................................................. 144
9.5.7 Implementation of Supply Quality Performance Indicators............................................... 145
9.5.7.1 Phase 1 .............................................................................................................................. 145
During Phase 1, each DNSP will have the following obligations: ........................................................... 145
9.5.7.2 Final Phase......................................................................................................................... 145
9.5.8 Procedures and Information System .................................................................................. 145
9.5.8.1 Development of Procedures and Information Systems..................................................... 146
9.5.9 Monitoring and Control...................................................................................................... 146
9.5.9.1 Audit .................................................................................................................................. 146
9.5.9.2 Routine Reporting ............................................................................................................. 147
9.5.9.3 Emergency Reporting ........................................................................................................ 147
9.5.10 Non Compliance with Authorized Tolerances .................................................................... 147
9.5.10.1 Phase 1 .............................................................................................................................. 147
9.5.10.2 Final Implementation Phase .............................................................................................. 147
9.6 POWER QUALITY STANDARDS ................................................................................................... 148
9.6.1 Definition ............................................................................................................................ 148
9.6.2 Frequency Standards .......................................................................................................... 148
9.6.3 Voltage Standards .............................................................................................................. 148
9.6.3.1 Voltage Level Deviation ..................................................................................................... 149
9.6.3.2 Audit of Voltage Level Adequacy ....................................................................................... 149

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9.6.3.3 Remedial Actions ............................................................................................................... 149

9.6.4 Perturbations Standards .................................................................................................... 150
9.6.4.1 Flicker Disturbance Assessment ........................................................................................ 150
9.6.4.2 Harmonics Distortion Measurements ............................................................................... 150
9.7 DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ............................................................................................................. 150
9.7.1 Definitions .......................................................................................................................... 150
9.7.2 Losses Categories ............................................................................................................... 151
9.7.3 Distribution Energy Losses ................................................................................................. 151
9.7.4 Monitoring and Reporting .................................................................................................. 151
9.7.4.1 Monthly Basis .................................................................................................................... 151
9.7.4.2 Every Six Months ............................................................................................................... 151
9.7.5 Implementation of Losses Performance Indicators ........................................................... 152
9.7.5.1 Transitional Submittal ....................................................................................................... 152

ANNEX A SUPPLY QUALITY AND SYSTEM LOSSES PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ...... 154
C.1.1 Unscheduled Interruptions ................................................................................................ 154
C.1.2 System Losses ..................................................................................................................... 154

ANNEX B DEROGATION REQUEST AND MITIGATION PLAN FORMS ......................... 155

ANNEX C METERING STANDARD ............................................................................... 157
ANNEX D DATA AND SERVICE PERFORMANCE INDICATOR ....................................... 158
ANNEX E REVISION LOG ............................................................................................ 163

Ethiopia National Distribution Code – DRAFT xi

 Chapter 1: Preamble

1 PREAMBLE

1.1 INTRODUCTION
The term Grid Code is widely used to refer to a document or set of documents, that legally
establishes technical and other requirements for the connection to and use of an electrical
transmission and distribution system in a manner that will ensure a safe, secure, reliable and
efficient operation.

This preamble provides the background and rationale for the development of the formal Ethiopia
National Distribution System Grid Code (ENDGC) and summarizes its provisions. The ENDGC has
been developed through a rigorous approval process involving the (i) Regulatory Authority, and (ii)
Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy (MOWIE).

The ENDGC has been developed to define the rules and regulations for various participants for
accessing and using the Distribution System that includes mini-grid, micro-grid and off-grid systems.
The objective of the ENDGC is to improve the ability of Ethiopia’s power distribution system to be
planned and operated safely, reliably, efficiently, and economically in a transparent and non-
discriminatory manner. It establishes the obligations of the Distribution Network Service Providers
(DNSP), Embedded Generators and other Distribution Network Users for accessing and using the
Distribution System. Stated more specifically, the objectives of the ENDGC are to:
(a) Define the reciprocal obligations, responsibilities and accountabilities of all of the
participants to ensure open, transparent, non-discriminatory and economic access and use
of the system while maintaining its safe, secure, reliable and efficient operation;
(b) Define minimum technical requirements for the participants; and
(c) Set out the information exchange obligations of the participants.

1.2 STRUCTURE OF DISTRIBUTION CODE

The Distribution Code is organized into nine chapters as follows;
(a) Preamble: This chapter outlines the purpose of the ENDGC, and how the various parts of the
Code are relevant to the different Distribution Network Users of the Distribution System. The
Preamble is provided for information purposes only and does not constitute part of the
ENDGC.
(b) Glossary and Definitions: This chapter provides the definitions of terms, acronyms and units
pertinent to this ENDGC. Defined terms are italicised and capitalised throughout the ENDGC
and hold the meanings as defined. However, if a term is not capitalised or italicised, it shall
still hold the definition as provided in the Glossary
(c)
(d) General Conditions: This chapter presents the provisions which are of general application to
all parts of the ENDGC including the provisions necessary for the overall administration and
review of the various aspects of the ENDGC. This chapter also deals with those aspects of

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 Chapter 1: Preamble

the ENDGC not covered in other chapters, including the resolution of disputes, bilateral
agreements, confidentiality, non-compliance and the revision of the ENDGC through the
Ethiopia National Distribution Code Review Committee.
(e) Governance: This chapter summarises the main documents and organisations that provide
the authority governing the planning, construction, and operation of the ENDS.
(f) Distribution System Planning: This chapter specifies the technical and design criteria and
procedures for the planning and development of the ENDS.
(g) Distribution System Connection Requirements: This chapter defines the minimum
standards for the methods of connection to the ENDS.
(h) Distribution System Operations: This chapter addresses the various operational
components, including demand management, interruptions, incident reporting, safety
matters and system emergencies.
(i) Metering: This chapter specifies the technical and operational criteria in carrying out the
obligation of providing metering services to all Distribution Network Users.
(j) Performance Standards: This chapter describes the technical and operational standards and
the indicators that are used to measure the system’s performance.

1.3 SCOPE OF THE ENDGC

The ENDGC establishes the technical aspects of the planning, connection, operation, and use of the
ENDS and the relationships between the DNSP (s) and Distribution Network Users of the Distribution
System.

Upon the request from Distribution Network Users, the DNSP must provide a connection to the
distribution system and deliver electric energy to the Distribution Network Users in accordance with
the applicable laws, its license and the ENDGC, at a level of service quality consistent with the
applicable Performance Standards described in the Code. Once connected to the Distribution
System, the Distribution Network Users must comply with the conditions and standards specified in
this Code to avoid adverse effects on the distribution system or other Distribution Network User’s
systems.

The ENDGC shall be read in conjunction with the relevant legislation including the Proclamation No.
810/2013 and “Council of Ministers Regulation to Provide for the Regulation of Energy Operations”.
These legislative policies shall be utilised in conjunction with the Licences issued to generators,
transmission companies and DNSPs and all applicable codes and regulation adopted by the
Regulatory Authority and the MOWIE. All Licences that are issued after enactment of the ENDGC
shall include the obligation of parties to comply with the ENDGC requirements.

Ethiopia National Distribution Code – DRAFT 2

2 GLOSSARY

2.1 INTRODUCTION
This Chapter contains a glossary of terms and a list of abbreviations and units used the ENDGC.

2.2 GLOSSARY
Table 2-1 provides a summary of the terms and definitions used in the ENDGC.
Table 2-1 Glossary and Definitions

WORD OR PHRASE DEFINITION

Active Energy A measure of electrical energy flow during a time interval. It is measured
in units of Watt- Hours or multiples thereof. It is the time integral of the
product of voltage and the in phase component of current flow across a
connection point
Active Power Instantaneous power derived from the product of voltage and current and
the cosine of the voltage phase angle measured in units of Watts and
multiples thereof
Active Power Capability Maximum rate at which active energy may be transferred from a
generator to a connection point as specified in a connection agreement
Aerial Bundled Cable Insulated cable used in substitution for multiple bare conductors
Ancillary Services Services provided by the licensees or customers not directly related to
the generation and supply of electricity but to ensure stable and secure
operation of an electrical power system and its recovery from emergency
situations. Ancillary services include frequency regulation or control,
spinning reserve, voltage and reactive power support, black start and load
shedding facilities as defined in the “Council of Ministers Regulation to
Provide for the Regulation of Energy Operation”
Apparent Power Square root of the sum of the squares of the active power and the
reactive power
Application for Connection The application made by a User for connection to a Distribution Network
and/or the provision of network services or modification of a connection
to a network and/or the provision of network services
Authorized Person A person adequately trained, and possessing technical knowledge and
experience and appointed in writing to carry out specific operation and/or
work on the power system
Black Start The procedure necessary for recovery of the Ethiopia National
Transmission System from Total Shutdown or Partial Shutdown

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CHAPTER 2 Glossary

Black Start Capability Ability of a Generating Plant to move at least one of its units to Start-Up
from Shutdown without an external electrical power supply, and to
energise a part of the Ethiopia National Transmission System and be
Synchronised to the System upon instruction from the Transmission
Licensee or Distribution Licensee
Business Day A day other than a Saturday, Sunday or a day that is lawfully observed as
a public holiday in Ethiopia
Capacitor Bank Electrical equipment used to generate reactive power and support
voltage levels on transmission/distribution lines in periods of high load
Chairperson The person duly appointed by the Ethiopian Energy Authority to be
Chairperson of the Ethiopian National Distribution Code Review
Committee, or the person appointed by the Chairperson to be his
alternate, or the person appointed to act as Chairperson of a meeting of
the Ethiopian National Distribution Code Review Committee in the
absence of the Chairperson or his alternate
Check Meter A Meter nominated to provide electrical energy measurements at a
Defined Metering Point for verification or substitution of the Main Meter;
also known as Backup Meter
Clearance Space A space surrounding a distribution power line, which should be clear of
obstructions and vegetation at all times
Conductor A material that allows the flow of electrical current in one or more
directions
Confidential Information Information which is or has been provided under or, in connection with
the Ethiopia National Distribution Grid Code and which is stated under the
Ethiopia National Distribution Grid Code or by the Ethiopian Energy
Authority to be confidential information
Connection Physical link to or through a transmission/distribution network that will
allow the supply of electricity between electrical systems
Connection Agreement Agreement between a DNSP and a Distribution Network User or other
person by which the User is connected to the Distribution System and/or
receives Distribution Services
Connection Applicant An individual or an entity who wants to establish or modify connection to
the Distribution System and/or who wishes to receive Distribution
Services
Connection Point The physical point at which a User is connected to the Ethiopia Electric
Transmission System
Constraint A limitation on the capability of a network, load or a generator such that
it is unacceptable to either transfer, consume or generate the level of
electrical power that would occur if the limitation was removed
Consumer A person or entity obtaining services from a Distribution Licensee
Control Center Facility used by the System Operator for directing the minute to minute
operation of the power system

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CHAPTER 2 Glossary

Control System A set of devices used for monitoring and controlling the operation of a
power system or equipment including Generating Plants connected to a
transmission or distribution network
Current Rating Maximum current that may be permitted to flow (under defined
conditions) through a transmission or distribution line or other item of
equipment that forms part of a power system
Current Transformer A transformer for use with meters and/or protection devices in which the
current in the secondary winding is, within prescribed error limits,
proportional to and in phase with the current in the primary winding
Customer A person obtaining electricity services from a Licensee as defined in the
Energy Proclamation 810/2013
Day Unless otherwise specified, the 24 hour period beginning and ending at
midnight East African Standard Time (EAST)
Demand The rate at which electrical energy is delivered or used over a specified
period, usually expressed in kW or kVA or multiples thereof such as MW
or MVA, or other suitable units
Derogation A waiver issued by Ethiopian Energy Authority to suspend a Distribution
Licensee’s or a Distribution Network User’s obligations to implement or
comply with a provision or provisions of the ENDGC
Disconnection The operation of switching equipment or other action so as to prevent the
flow of electricity at a connection point
Dispatch The process of precisely matching generation with load in real time
Dispute Any difference between the Ethiopian Energy Authority and any
Distribution Licensee or User or between Users in connection with, or
arising out of, the interpretation, implementation or breach of any
provision of the ENDGC
Dispute Notice A written notice issued by either Party to a Dispute outlining the matter of
such Dispute
Distribution The supply of electricity services to customers through medium and low
voltage lines as defined in the Energy Proclamation 810/2013
Distribution Area Area in which the Distribution Network Service Provider is licensed to
distribute electricity
Distribution Licence A license granted by the Ethiopian Energy Authority to distribute and sell
electricity as defined in the “Council of Ministers Regulation to Provide
for the Regulation of Energy Operations”
Distribution Licensee An entity granted a licence by the Ethiopian Energy Authority to
distribute and sell electricity as defined in the “Council of Ministers
Regulation to Provide for the Regulation of Energy Operations”
Distribution Line A power line, including underground cables, that is part of a distribution
network
Distribution Losses Electrical energy losses incurred in distributing electricity over a
distribution network

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CHAPTER 2 Glossary

Distribution Network A power delivery system that carries electric power from electrical
substations at sub-transmission level to Customers
Distribution Network An entity with license to operate a distribution system pursuant to
Service Provider Proclamation 810/2013 and the “Council of Ministers Regulation to
Provide for the Regulation of Energy Operations”
Distribution Network User A Customer, Generation Licensee, or any user of the Distribution
Network
Distribution Power Line An electric delivery line (overhead or underground), operated by a
distribution network service provider
Distribution Service The service of delivering energy at an acceptable level of electric voltage
from transmission lines to Customers, and the operation and
maintenance of the Distribution System
Distribution System A distribution network, together with the connection assets associated
with the distribution network, which is connected to another transmission
or distribution system
Electric Industry The industry in Ethiopia involved in the generation, transmission,
distribution, supply and sale of electricity
Electrical Energy Loss Energy dissipated in the production, transportation and/or use of
electricity
Electrical Infrastructure A system of high tension cables by which electrical power is distributed
throughout a region
Electrical Installation Any electrical equipment that is fixed (or to be fixed) in, on, under or over
a Customer's premises, but does not include: (i) any electrical supply main
or service line of a distribution network service provider; (ii) any electrical
equipment that is fixed (or to be fixed) in, on, under or over any premises
owned or occupied by a distribution network service provider; and (iii)
that is not used for the consumption of electricity on those premises, or
solely for purposes incidental to that consumption; (iv) any connections to
a Customer’s terminals for the purpose of providing electrical energy; or
(v) any metering equipment owned by a distribution network service
provider
Embedded Generator A Generating Plant connected within a distribution network and not
having direct access to the transmission network
Energisation Operation of switching equipment or the start- up of a Generating Plant
resulting in a non- zero voltage beyond a connection point or part of the
transmission or distribution network
Excitation Control System Automatic control system (including excitation limiting devices and any
power system stabilizer) that provides field excitation for the Generating
Plant
Fiscal Year Ethiopian fiscal year that starts on July 8th of a year and ends on July 7th
of the following year
Fire Control Authority Fire Service under the control of any local or public authority or any other
authorized entity in Ethiopia

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CHAPTER 2 Glossary

Fire Hazard Rating Rating assigned by the Fire Control Authority designating propensity for
ignition and spread of fire
Flicker The impression of unsteadiness of visual sensation induced by a light
stimulus whose luminance or spectral distribution fluctuates with time
Force Majeure Causes beyond the reasonable control of and without the fault or
negligence of the Party claiming Force Majeure. It shall include failure or
interruption of the delivery of electric power due to causes beyond that
Party’s control, including Acts of God, wars, sabotage, riots, hurricanes
and other actions of the elements, civil disturbances and strikes as set out
in Chapter 4 (Governance), and as defined in the “Council of Ministers
Regulation to Provide for the Regulation of Energy Operations”
Frequency Number of cycles for alternating current electricity occurring in each
second. The term Hertz (Hz) corresponds to cycles per second
Generation License License authorizing an entity to generate electricity for supply or sale
granted under Proclamation 810/2013
Generation Licensee For the purposes of ENDGC, an entity licensed to operate and maintain
generation assets and generate electricity within the Ethiopia Electric
Distribution System
Generating Plant A facility for the generation of electric power comprised of one or more
generating units which are likely to be individually controllable
Generating Unit A specific unit within a Generating Plant that generates electric power
from other sources of energy
Governor Automatic control system which maintains the desired system frequency
by adjusting the mechanical power output of the turbine of a Generating
Plant
Grid Network of transmission system/distribution systems and connection
points that transports electrical energy from Generating Plants to
Customers
Grid Code Revision Register A Register of all revisions to the Ethiopia Grid Code as set out in Section
4.9 of Chapter 4 (Governance)
Harmonic Distortion The sinusoidal voltages and currents having frequencies that are integral
multiples of the fundamental frequency.
Hazard Space Space outside the clearance space and re- growth space in which trees or
limbs due to their unsafe condition are a potential hazard to the safety of
a distribution power line under the range of weather conditions
High Voltage A voltage level above 33,000 volts
Independent Power Any entity that owns generation plant and sells bulk electricity to the
Producers national grid through power purchase agreement
Individual Contract A contract for the sale of electricity to a Customer negotiated under
Proclamation 810/2013
Interconnection Technical aspects and equipment required to connect generators or other
resources to the electric transmission (or distribution system)

Ethiopia National Distribution Code – DRAFT 7

CHAPTER 2 Glossary

Interruptible Load A load that can be disconnected manually or automatically and can be
provided for the restoration or control of power system frequency to
mitigate contingency events or shortages of supply
Ethiopian Standard The most recent edition of a standard publication by Ethiopia Bureau of
Standards
License A license as defined in the Proclamation 810/2013
Load A connection point or defined set of connection points at which electrical
power is delivered: (i) in relation to a public electricity supplier, the
energy required by a Customer to whom the public electricity supplier
sells electricity; (ii) in relation to an Embedded Generator, the energy
supplied or to be supplied by an Embedded Generator to the distribution
system; and (iii) in relation to a Customer, the energy supply required by
the Customer in respect of an electrical installation
Load Shedding A method of reducing power system demand by disconnecting load from
the power system
Loading Level The level of output or consumption (in MW) of a Generating or load
Loss Factor Multiplier used to describe the additional electrical energy loss for each
increment of electricity used or transmitted
Low Voltage A nominal voltage up to 400 volts as per Proclamation 810/2013
Main Meter The Meter nominated to provide electrical energy measurements at a
Defined Metering Point; also known as Billing Meter
Medium Voltage A vo0ltage level above 400 volts up to 33,000 volts
Member, Ethiopia National A person duly appointed to be a member of or the Chairperson of the
Distribution Grid Code Ethiopia National Distribution Grid Code Review Committee
Review Committee
Meter A device, including associated equipment, complying with Ethiopian
Standards which measures and records the production or consumption of
electrical energy
Metering Data The data obtained from a Metering Installation, the processed data or
substituted data and the records of data stored in metering equipment
collected by a distribution network service provider
Metering Database A database of metering data controlled by a Distribution Network Service
Provider
Metering Equipment Meters, time-switches, measurement transformers, metering protection
and isolation equipment, circuitry and their associated data storage and
data communications equipment and wiring which are part of the Active
Energy and Reactive Energy measuring equipment at or relating to the
Defined Metering Point
Metering Installation Assembly of components between metering point(s) and the connection
point to the public telecommunications network (may include
combination of several metering points to derive the metering data for a
Connection Point)

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CHAPTER 2 Glossary

Metering Point The point of physical connection of the device measuring the current in
the power conductor
Metering System Collection of all components and arrangements installed/existing
between each metering point and the metering database
Micro-grid Refers to small-scale systems used to provide minimal electric services
such as lighting and cell phone charging in multiple households. It also
refers to distributed generation in areas already supplied with grid
electricity, the intent being to increase use of on-site renewable
generation and/or to improve local electric power system reliability or
power quality
Mini-grid Refers to isolated grids generally in remote areas
Monitoring Equipment Testing instruments and devices used to record the performance of plant
for comparison with expected performance
Month Unless otherwise specified, the period of beginning at 11 midnight on the
relevant commencement date and ending at 11 midnight on the date in
the next calendar month corresponding to the commencement date of
the period
Nameplate Rating Maximum continuous output or consumption in KW or MW of an item of
equipment as specified by the manufacturer
Network The apparatus, equipment, plant and buildings used to convey, and
control the conveyance of, electricity to wholesale/retail Customers
excluding any connection assets
Network Service Transmission/Distribution service associated with the conveyance and
controlling the conveyance, of electricity through the Network. It includes
ancillary services as defined in the “Council of Ministers Regulation to
Provide for the Regulation of Energy Operations”
Network Service Provider A legal entity that engages in the activity of controlling, or operating a
transmission or distribution system and who holds or is deemed to hold a
licence under the Proclamation 810/2013
Network User A User of the Ethiopia National Distribution System
Normal Operating Range of frequency of the power system so specified in the Code
Frequency Band
Normal Operating in relation to the frequency of the power system, the range specified as
Frequency Excursion Band being acceptable for infrequent and momentary excursions of frequency
outside the normal operating frequency band
Off-grid system An off-grid system is when a power system such as a small solar, hydro or
wind resource produces its own electricity in an isolated mode from the
utility grid and you are producing your own electricity. An off-grid system
is generally equipped with a battery bank in order to store the electricity
for use when needed.
Outage Full or partial unavailability of equipment or facility.
Owner In the case of public land, the person responsible for administering that
land

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CHAPTER 2 Glossary

Ownership Boundary The point or points at which supply is given or taken between the
Distribution System and Distribution Network Users
Participant A person bound by the Ethiopia National Distribution Grid Code and
includes: the Commission; the DNSPs; electric power producers;
Customers; a person who holds or is deemed to hold a licence as per the
Energy Proclamation 810/2013
Party Any person or entity with the specific meaning ascribed in the related
provision of the Ethiopia National Distribution Grid Code
Peak Load Maximum load
Planning and Development Those entities that have responsibility for the planning and development
Organisation of transmission, distribution, and generation in Ethiopia. These entities
include but are not limited to the Ethiopia National TSO, the Ethiopian
Energy Authority, Transmission Licensees, Distribution Licensees, and
Generation Licensees
Plant In relation to a connection point, includes all equipment involved in
generating, utilizing or transmitting electrical energy
Point of Supply (1) The load side terminals of the service protection equipment at the end
of an underground electric supply line; or
(2) The first Connection Point of an overhead electric supply line on the
land, being: (a) where the electric supply line is carried onto the land by
one or more poles, the first pole on the land carrying that electric supply
line; (b) where the electric supply line is connected directly to premises on
that land, that connection to the premises; or(c) where it is not possible
to determine a point of supply in accordance with (a) or (b) above, the
point at which the electric supply line crosses the boundary of the land
Power Factor Ratio of the active power to the apparent power at a metering point
Power Station A facility in which a Generation Licensee’s Generating Plants are located
Power Purchase Agreement A contract, usually long term, between parties for the sale of electrical
energy at predetermined prices or price formulae
Power System Electric power system that includes associated generation and
transmission and distribution networks for the supply of electricity
operated as an integrated system or otherwise
Power System Demand Total load (in MW) supplied by the power system
Professional Engineer An engineer licensed with the Engineers Registration Board in Ethiopia
Profile With respect to the output from a Generating Plant, the electricity
consumption by a load or power system demand, the quantification in
MW of the variation of that output, consumption, or demand over a given
period of time
Protection System A system, which includes equipment, used to protect a User’s facilities
from damage due to an electrical or mechanical fault or due to certain
conditions of the power system

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CHAPTER 2 Glossary

Prudent Utility Practice The practices generally accepted and followed by electric utility industry
of a region conforming to the design, construction, operation,
maintenance, safety and legal requirements which are attained by
exercising that degree of skill, diligence, prudence and foresight which
would reasonably and ordinarily be expected from skilled and
experienced operators engaged in the same type of undertaking under
the same or similar conditions
Pruning and Clearing Cycle The frequency of successive pruning or clearing which the distribution
network service provider judges as optimal for maintaining the clearance
space taking account of recurrent costs, community values, negotiation
with the landowner, and utility and amenity in the area
Public Land Land belonging to a public or local authority as defined in the Ethiopian
Land Act
Public Lighting Street lighting provided by a governmental body or agency in Ethiopia.
Ramp Rate Rate of change of electricity produced from a generator
Reactive Energy A measure, in varhours (varh) of the alternating exchange of stored
energy in inductors and capacitors, which is the time- integral of the
product of voltage and the out of phase component of current flow across
a connection point
Reactive Plant Plant which is capable of providing or absorbing reactive power.
Reactive power Instantaneous power derived from the product of voltage and current and
the sine of the voltage- current phase angle, which is measured in units of
var and multiples thereof
Reactive Power Capability Maximum rate at which reactive energy may be transferred from a
Generating Plant to a Connection Point as specified in the connection
agreement
Reactor A device, similar to a transformer, specifically arranged to be connected
into the transmission system during periods of low load demand or low
reactive power demand to counteract the natural capacitive effects of
long transmission lines in generating excess reactive power and so correct
any transmission voltage effects during these periods
Regional Control Centre A control centre responsible for the operation of the Distribution Network
Registered Equipment Data Validated actual values of parameters and information about the
Distribution Network User’s equipment, as filed with the Distribution
Network Service Provider at the time of connection
Regrowth Space Space beyond the clearance space, to be cleared to allow for anticipated
vegetation regrowth for the period of the pruning and clearing cycle
Regulatory Authority Ethiopian Energy Authority established by the Proclamation 810/2013 and
the Council of Ministers Regulation No. 308/2014 replacing Ethiopian
Energy Agency to issue licenses for generation, transmission and
distribution, sale, and import/export of electric energy in Ethiopia

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CHAPTER 2 Glossary

Reliability The probability of a system, device, plant or equipment performing its

function adequately for the period of time intended, under the operating
conditions encountered
Renewable Power Plant A Generating Plant whose primary energy source is a form of renewable
energy, including but not limited to solar energy (for photovoltaic and
concentrated solar plants), small hydro, geothermal, landfill gas, biomass,
biogas, and wind, and whose generation output is variable in nature
Reserve A measure of available capacity over and above the capacity needed to
meet normal peak demand levels. In case of a Generating Plant, it is the
capacity to generate more energy than the system normally requires. For
a transmission company, it is the capacity to handle additional energy
transport if demand levels rise beyond expected peak levels
Rural Customer A Customer located in town or village that has been designated as rural in
Ethiopia
Secretary The person appointed by the Ethiopian Energy Authority to the Ethiopia
National Distribution Review Committee and named as such
Service Line Any portion of any electric supply line through which electrical energy is
supplied, or is intended to be supplied by a Licensee: (a) to a Customer
either directly from the premises of the Licensee, or from a distributing
main; or (b) from a distributing main to a group of Customers on the same
premises or on adjoining premises supplied from the same point of the
distributing main up to the point where such electric supply line reaches
the supply terminals
Series or Shunt Capacitor A type of plant connected to a network to control reactive power
Shunt Reactor A type of plant connected to a network to absorb reactive power
Single Contingency Also known as an unplanned outage, it indicates loss or failure of a small
part of the power system (e.g. a transmission line), or the loss/failure of
individual equipment such as a Generating Plant or transformer
Static VAR Compensator A device with the ability to generate/absorb reactive power; and respond
automatically and rapidly to voltage fluctuations or voltage instability
arising from a disturbance or disruption on a transmission network
Substation A facility at which two or more electric supply lines are switched for
operational purposes. It may include one or more transformers so that
some connected electric supply lines operate at different nominal
voltages to others
Switchyard Connection point of a Generating Plant into the network, generally
involving the ability to connect the Generating Plant to one or more
outgoing network circuits
Synchronization The act of electrically connecting a Generating Plant to the power system.
Synchronous Condensers Plant, similar in construction to a Generating Plant of the synchronous
generator category, which operates at the equivalent speed of the
frequency of the power system, specifically provided for voltage control,
or for power factor improvement through the adjustment of rotor current

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CHAPTER 2 Glossary

Synchronous Generator Alternating current generators of most thermal and hydro (water) driven
power turbines which operate at the equivalent speed of frequency of the
power system in its satisfactory operating state
System Operator The entity responsible for the overall coordination of the planning and
operation of the Ethiopia National Transmission System, including the
scheduling and dispatch of Generating Plants connected to it
Transformer A plant or device that reduces or increases the voltage of alternating
current
Transmission Line An electric conductor that is part of a transmission network.
Transmission Network Infrastructure that supports the transportation of electricity from the
point of generation to the distribution with the ultimate objective of
bringing to the end users or consumers
Transmission and Allows electricity to move through infrastructure of poles and wires,
Distribution System known as the Grid
Transmission Plant Apparatus or equipment associated with the function or operation of a
transmission line or an associated substation or switchyard, which may
include transformers, circuit breakers, reactive plant and monitoring
equipment and control equipment
TNC In the context of earthing system, TNC indicates when the neutral is
earthed, and protective earth and neutral are combined
TNCS In the context of earthing system, it means protective earth and neutral
conductors are combined from transformer to building distribution point,
but separate in fixed indoor wiring and flexible power cords
TNS In the context of earthing system, TNS indicates when the neutral
conductor is earthed, but protective earth and neutral conductors are
separate
TT In the context of earthing system, this means customer provides its own
earthing since no earthing conductor is provided by supplier of electricity
Urban Customer Any Customer not designated as a Rural Customer
User Any person or entity connected to or making use of the Ethiopia National
Distribution System as a Generation Licensee with a Generation Plant
connected to the Distribution System (an Embedded Generator), a ,
Distribution Licensee, Transmission Licensee, or Customer
Voltage The electronic force or electric potential between two points that gives
rise to the flow of electricity, and for the purposes of Chapter 8, the root
mean square (RMS) of the phase to phase voltage
Voltage Transformer A transformer for use with meters and/or protection devices in which the
voltage across the secondary terminals is, within prescribed error limits,
proportional to and in phase with the voltage across the primary
terminals
Wayleave A right of way granted by a landowner, generally in exchange for payment
and typically for purposes such as the erection of transmission or
distribution lines

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CHAPTER 2 Glossary

2.3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

The list below provides a summary of the abbreviations used in the ENDGC.

Table 2-2: Abbreviations used in the ENDGC

Abbreviation Description
AC Alternating Current
ACE Area Control Error
AGC Automatic Generation Control
ANSI American National Standards Institute
AS Ancillary Services
AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator
CAIDI Customer Average Interruption Duration Index
CAIFI Customer Average Interruption Frequency Index
CEO Chief Executive Officer
CT Current Transformer
DC Direct Current
DER Distributed Energy Resources
DNSP Distribution Network Service Provider
DR Demand Response
EAST East African Standard Time
EEA Ethiopian Energy Authority
EEP Ethiopia Electric Power
EEU Ethiopian Electric Utility
ENA Energy Network Association
ENDGC Ethiopia National Distribution System Grid Code
ENDGCRC Ethiopia National Distribution System Grid Code Review Committee
ENDS Ethiopia National Distribution System
ENTGC Ethiopia National Transmission System Grid Code
ENTS Ethiopia National Transmission System
ENTSO Ethiopia National Transmission System Operator
GoE Government of Ethiopia
GTP Growth and Transformation Plan
HV High Voltage (above 33kV)

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CHAPTER 2 Glossary

HVDC High Voltage Direct Current

IEC International Electro-technical Commission
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IPP Independent Power Producer
ISO International Standard Organisation
LV Low Voltage (up to 400 volts)
MAIFI Momentary Average Interruptions Frequency Indicator
MOWIE Ministry of Water, Irrigation, and Energy
MV Medium Voltage (400 to 33,000 volts)
PSS Power System Stabilizer
PV Photo Voltaic
RMS Root Mean Square
RPP Renewable Power Plant
RTU Remote Terminal Unit
SAIDI System Average Interruption Duration Indicator
SAIFI System Average Interruption Frequency Indicator
SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
TSO Transmission System Operator
UM Voltage Maximum
UN Voltage Nominal
VT Voltage Transformer

2.4 LIST OF UNITS

The table below provides a summary of the units used in one or more of the chapters in ENDGC

Table 2-3: List of Units

Unit Description
Amp Ampere
GW Gigawatt (1,000,000,000 W)
GWh Gigawatt-hour
h, hrs Hour
Hz Hertz
Kbps Kilobits per second
kV Kilovolt

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CHAPTER 2 Glossary

Unit Description
kVA Kilovolt-ampere
kvar Kilovar
kvarh Kilovar-hour
kW Kilowatt
kWh Kilowatt-hour
Mbps Megabits per second
mHz Milli-hertz (1/1000 Hz)
Min Minute
m Metre
mm Millimetre
Ms Milli-second (1/1000 s)
MVA Megavolt-ampere
Mvar Megavars
Mvarh Megavar-hour
MW Megawatt
MWh Megawatt-hour
s, sec Second
TW Terawatt (1,000,000,000,000 W)
V Volt
W Watt

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CHAPTER 3 General Conditions

3 GENERAL CONDITIONS

3.1 INTRODUCTION
The General Conditions (GC) set out the over-riding principles to be used in the operation of the
ENDS and form the basis for the decisions of a reasonable and prudent operator should specific
events not be covered by the relevant code. The GC describes the provisions necessary for the
overall administration and review of the various aspects of the ENDGC. The GC also deal with those
aspects of ENDGC not covered in other chapters, including the resolution of Disputes, bilateral
agreements, confidentiality, non-compliance and the revision of the ENDGC through the
recommendations of ENDGCRC.

3.2 SCOPE
These General Conditions apply to the Regulatory Authority, ENTSO, Regional Control Centre, and
Users of the ENDS.

3.3 OBJECTIVE
The objective of the General Conditions are to establish the conditions applicable to all chapters of
the ENDGC and, to the extent possible, ensure that the various chapters and sections of the E work
together for the benefit of the DNSP and all Distribution Network Users, and apply consistently to all
Distribution Network Users.

3.4 IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT

The Regulatory Authority is responsible for the implementation and enforcement of the ENDGC.

The Regulatory Authority, may, in certain cases, need access to services and facilities of Distribution
Network Users or DNSPs, or to issue instructions to Distribution Network Users or DNSPs to
implement and enforce the ENDGC. Accordingly, all Distribution Network Users and DNSPs are
required not only to abide by the letter and spirit of the ENDGC, but also to provide the Regulatory
Authority. A with such rights of access, services and facilities and to comply with any instructions of
the Regulatory Authority.

Each DNSP and Distribution Network User shall at all-time act in good faith and in accordance with
Prudent Utility Practice.

This ENDGC will be applied and used together with the ENTGC and all other applicable policies and
procedures that govern the use of the Ethiopian electric power system.

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CHAPTER 3 General Conditions

3.5 SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT

Nothing in or pursuant to this ENDGC shall be taken to require a Party to do anything which could or
would be unsafe or contrary to the Party’s environmental, health and safety obligations.

3.6 UNFORESEEN CIRCUMSTANCES

The ENDGC cannot predict and address all possible operational situations. In case of circumstances
unforeseen in the ENDGC, or in the case of difference in interpretation, the DNSP has the right (and
all Distribution Network Users must accept) to act in the course of the reasonable and Prudent Utility
Practice discharge to its responsibilities within the following general principles and priorities:

(a) As first priority, preserve or restore the integrity of the Distribution System or the
Transmission System, including the avoidance of breakdown, separation or collapse (total or
partial);
(b) Compliance by the DNSP with the Proclamation 810/2013 and all other applicable
regulations , conditions of its Distribution Licence and the ENDGC;
(c) Preserve the safety of the public and workforce to prevent personal injury;
(d) Protect equipment and apparatus to prevent damage to plant;
(e) The achievement of objectives specifically identified in the ENDGC.

In case of an unforeseen circumstance that cannot be resolved with the general principles defined in
the previous conditions, the DNSP shall act according to the following:
(a) The application of a policy aimed at the equitable sharing amongst Distribution Network
Users of any temporary restriction that might be necessary in exceptional circumstances;
and
(b) The application of Prudent Utility Practice.

If circumstances not envisioned by the provisions of the ENDGC should arise, the DNSPs shall, to the
extent reasonably practicable in the circumstances, consult promptly and in good faith with the
Regulatory Authority and all affected Distribution Network Users in an effort to reach agreement as
to what should be done. If agreement between the DNSP and Regulatory Authority and affected
Distribution Network Users cannot be reached in the time available, the issue shall be reviewed by
the Regulatory Authorityto determine what shall be done in accordance to this ENDGC. The Regulatory
Authority may refer the matter to the ENDGCRC, which may make recommendations to the Regulatory
Authority on the resolution of the issue.

The DNSP shall promptly refer any unforeseen circumstance identified, together with the determinations
and interpretations made, to the Regulatory Authority for consideration.

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CHAPTER 3 General Conditions

Each Distribution Network User shall comply with all instructions given to it by the DNSP following a
determination for an unforeseen circumstance or a difference in interpretation, provided that such
instructions are consistent with the technical characteristics of the Distribution Network User's
system and the principles established in the ENDGC, and do not endanger the safety of its
equipment or staff.

3.7 FORCE MAJEURE

In situations of Force Majeure, the provisions of the ENDGC may be suspended in whole, or in part,
pursuant to any directions given by the Regulatory Authority.

Neither Party shall be held to have defaulted in respect of any obligation under the ENDGC if
prevented or delayed from performing that obligation, in whole or in part, because of a Force
Majeure event. If a Force Majeure event prevents or delays a Party from performing any of its
obligations under the ENDGC, that Party shall:
(a) Promptly notify any other Party involved and the Regulatory Authority of the Force Majeure
event and its assessment in good faith of the nature and the effect that the event will have
on its ability to perform any of its obligations and the measures that the Party proposes to
take to alleviate the impact of the Force Majeure event. If the immediate notice is not in
writing, it shall be confirmed in writing as soon as reasonably practicable. The notice shall be
posted on the Regulatory Authority website.
(b) Not be entitled to suspend performance of any of its obligations under the ENDGC to any
greater extent or for any longer time than the Force Majeure event requires it to do;
(c) Use its best efforts to mitigate the effects of the Force Majeure event, remedy its inability to
perform, and resume full performance of its obligations;
(d) Keep the other Party and the Regulatory Authority continually informed of its efforts, and
(e) Provide written notice to the other Party and the Regulatory Authority when it resumes
performance of any obligations affected by the Force Majeure event. The notice shall be
published on the Regulatory Authority website.

3.8 COMPLIANCE
(a) All DNSPs and Distribution Network Users shall comply with the ENDGC as updated via the
ERC decisions from time to time.
(b) DNSPs shall inform the Regulatory Authority of any non-compliance report without delay,
but no later than thirty (30) days after becoming aware of the item unless there is a
significant risk to the safety of the public, electrical workers, and/or ENDS or the ENTS,
which then must be reported immediately.
(c) The Regulatory Authority may require a User to provide the Regulatory Authority with
information that it deems necessary for the proper administration of the ENDGC. This
information shall, upon request, be treated as confidential.

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CHAPTER 3 General Conditions

(d) Upon report of a suspicion of non-compliance, the Regulatory Authority may seek to:
1. Resolve the issue through negotiation
2. Take action in terms of the procedures for handling contraventions
3. Consider an application for amendment
4. Consider an application for exemption
(e) Application for exemption or suspension of obligations under the ENDGC is treated under
Section 3.9 “Non-Compliance”.

3.9 NON-COMPLIANCE
If a DNSP or Distribution Network User finds that it is, or will be unable to comply with any
provision of this ENDGC, then that party shall without delay, but not later than thirty (30)
days after discovery, report such non-compliance to the Regulatory Authority or the DNSP as
appropriate

3.9.1 Non-Compliance Situations

If the DNSP or a User fails to fulfil all the provisions established in this ENDGC, it shall be considered
a Non-Compliance situation.

A Non-Compliance situation will include, but is not limited to:

a. Failure to provide the Regulatory Authority, on time, all required information in the ENDGC
b. Providing the ERC incomplete or inaccurate data or reports, in particular inaccuracies or
other problems verified by the audits of the Regulatory Authority
c. Failure to implement in time the procedures and information systems required in the
ENDGC
d. Failure or unsuitable delays in the execution of the approved remedial actions and plans
comply with ENDGC provisions following the approval of a Derogation and mitigation plan.

3.9.2 Penalties
If the Regulatory Authority determines that the User is in a non-compliance situation for which
Derogation has not been filed, or is in the process of being filed, or for which a Derogation has not
been approved by the Regulatory Authority, or is in violation of the terms of an approved
Derogation, the Regulatory Authority will determine and apply a fine penalty for the non-
compliance situation. The Regulatory Authority shall also consider that the Transmission Licensee is
in non-compliance with its licence conditions, and may suspend or revoke the licence. The
Regulatory Authority shall use directives under Item No. 144 (Fine Penalty) under the “Final English
Draft Energy Operation Regulation – Version (2)”, as appropriate, while issuing a fine penalty.

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CHAPTER 3 General Conditions

Generation, transmission, distribution, sales, import, export of electricity for commercial purposes;
performing electrical work, energy audit, Energy Efficiency and Energy Conservation contracting or
consultancy service without valid license are punishable as per the Energy Proclamation 810/2013.

The Regulatory Authority shall also consider the following factors while imposing penalties:

(a) Severity of the non-compliance and any environmental, health, and safety impacts
(b) Instances of repeated and deliberate non-compliance
(c) Penalties shall be comparable to those specified in other laws, regulations, and applicable
contracts
(d) Penalties shall be set at a level such that non-compliance will not be economically
preferable to compliance

3.10 DEROGATION
If a DNSP or Distribution Network User finds that it is, or will be, unable to comply with any provision of
the ENDGC, then they shall, without delay, report such non-compliance. The applicant may request an
exemption from the ENDGC requirement, or request additional time to correct the non-compliance
item.

When the issuance of this ENDGC, or an amendment to this ENDGC, causes a DNSP to be in non-
compliance with the ENDGC relating to facilities already connected or approved to be connected to the
ENDS, and the DNSP believes either that it would be unreasonable (including on the grounds of cost and
technical considerations) to remedy such non-compliance or that it should be granted an extended
period to remedy such non-compliance, the DNSP shall promptly submit a Request for Derogation to the
Regulatory Authority for review and resolution (as described in Section 3.10.1) The burden of proof shall
rest with the DNSP to show good reason why it cannot comply.

Likewise, when the issuance of this ENDGC, or an amendment to this ENDGC, causes a Distribution
Network User to be in non-compliance with the ENDGC relating to facilities already connected or
approved to be connected to the ENDS, and the Distribution Network User believes either that it would
be unreasonable (including on the grounds of cost and technical considerations) to remedy such non-
compliance or that it should be granted an extended period to remedy such non-compliance, the
Distribution Network User shall promptly submit a Request for Derogation to their DNSP for review and
resolution. The burden of proof shall rest with the Distribution Network User to show good reason why it
cannot comply.

3.10.1 Derogation Request

A Derogation Request form must be prepared and submitted along with any supporting documentation
and evidence that supports the request as soon as the non-compliance issue is discovered.

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CHAPTER 3 General Conditions

3.10.1.1 DNSPs and Generation Licensees

A DNSP or Generation Licensee seeking a Derogation shall submit Derogation Request forms (see
Appendix B Derogation Request and Mitigation Plan Forms) along with any supporting evidence to the
Regulatory Authority for their review and determination. The request shall contain:

(a) Name of Party applying for Derogation;

(b) Contact information, name and signature of CEO or other corporate officer delegated by the
CEO;
(c) Whether the Derogation request is for a permanent exemption from a ENDGC requirement or a
request for a time extension to achieve compliance;
(d) The specific provision of the ENDGC (section title and number) with which the DNSP or
Generation Licensee is, or will be, unable to comply;
(e) The date of the discovery of the non-compliance and the date of reporting the non-compliance;
(f) The nature and extent of the non-compliance;
(g) The cause for the non-compliance;
(h) Identification and description of the system, facility, equipment, process, procedure or specific
Connection Point in respect of which Derogation is sought;
(i) A description of any health and safety implications and the associated risk management
measures;
(j) A description of the proposal for restoring compliance (where applicable) with the ENDGC
requirement(s), including details of actions to:
1. Mitigate risks to Customers or other Users
2. Restore compliance (including timetable of works)
(k) A description of the reasonable alternative actions that have been considered
(l) A statement of the expected duration of the non‐compliance
The DNSP or Generation Licensee is required to justify the Derogation request in terms of both the
specific circumstances and the expected duration. Licensees are advised to give as much notice as
possible when making Derogation requests since Derogations will not be granted unless the
Regulatory Authority is satisfied that the request is justified.

3.10.1.2 Customers
A Customer seeking Derogation shall submit the Derogation form along with any supporting evidence to
their Regulatory Authority for review and determination. The Regulatory Authority determines whether
to approve the Derogation, and records the decision in the Derogation register.

The request shall contain:

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CHAPTER 3 General Conditions

Details of the applicant, including the full name and service address of the Customer concerned;
A detail of the system, facility, equipment, process, procedure or specific Connection Point in respect of
which Derogation is sought and the nature and extent of non-compliance;
The reason for the non-compliance;
The planned remedial actions that will be taken to remedy the non-compliance, including the date that
compliance will be achieved; or
An explanation of why an exemption of the code requirement will not pose a risk to the Distribution
Network, other Distribution Network Users, utility workers or the public.
Customers may appeal determinations on Derogations as made by the DNSP to the Regulatory
Authority.

3.10.2 Derogation Review

Upon receipt of any request for Derogation, the Regulatory Authority shall promptly consider such a
request provided that the Regulatory Authority considers that the grounds for the derogation are
reasonable. In its consideration of a derogation request, the Regulatory Authority may contact the
relevant DNSP or Distribution Network User to obtain clarifications, request additional information
or to discuss changes to the request, and review possible remedial actions to achieve compliance.

The Regulatory Authority may initiate at its own initiative, or at the request of a DNSP or in view of a
Distribution Network User complaint, a review of any existing Derogations, and any Derogations
under consideration where a relevant and material change in circumstance has occurred.

The Regulatory Authoritymay also seek the views and advice of an Independent Expert on the
proposed Derogation, as set out in Section 3.12 of this chapter

3.10.3 Derogation Reporting

Every three months, the Regulatory Authority shall report:

(a) The list of Derogations requested during the last quarter, and the status of each request;
(b) The list of approved Derogations during the last quarter indicating type of Derogation and
party; and
(c) For each approved Derogation, the progress of remedial actions in achieving compliance.

3.10.4 Derogation Register

The Regulatory Authority shall:

(a) Keep a register of all Derogations that have been granted to DNSP, and Generation
Licensees, identified by name.

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CHAPTER 3 General Conditions

(b) Keep a register of all Derogations which have been granted to Distribution Network
Users, identifying User name, the relevant provision of this ENDGC, a record of the
completed mitigation and the period of the Derogation; and
(c) Publish a current register of all Derogations that have been granted to DNSP and
Distribution Network Users on the Regulatory Authority website, the relevant
provision of the ENDGC, the period of the Derogation and a record of the completed
mitigation, if applicable.

3.10.5
3.10.6 Transitional Provisions
Transitional Provisions are intended to facilitate compliance and reduce the need for Derogation
requests to suspend obligations under ENDGC provisions.

Transitional Provisions are provisions of the ENDGC approved by the Regulatory Authority that shall
not apply either in whole or in part to some or all Users. They differ from a Derogation in that:
(a) They cover potentially many Users
(b) They can be sought by a group of Users with similar needs to suspend obligations
(c) In appropriate circumstances, the Regulatory Authority can initiate a Transitional Provision
Situations which might require the use of Transitional Provisions include, but not limited to:
(a) The effective date of the ENDGC and its impact on requirements, such as multiple old
Generators that need equipment upgrade in order to reach compliance
(b) Discovery of a common-mode problem with equipment
Transitional Provisions may require a plan of how the affected Users are going to reach compliance,
or reasons why they should be permanently exempt.

3.11 DISPUTE RESOLUTION

If a Dispute arises between the Regulatory Authority and any User or between Users in connection
with, or arising out of, the interpretation, implementation or breach of any provision in this ENDGC,
any Party may issue to the other Party a written notice (the "Dispute Notice") outlining the matter in
Dispute.

Dispute resolution may include a request to the Regulatory Authority to refer the matter to the
ENDGCRC to consider the disputed ENDGC provisions and offer recommendations on resolution of
the Dispute.

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CHAPTER 3 General Conditions

Settlement of Dispute shall be handled as described in PART SEVEN SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTE,

“COUNCIL OF MINISTERS REGULATION TO PROVIDE FOR THE REGULATION OF ENERGY
OPERATIONS”.

3.12 INDEPENDENT EXPERT OPINION

If any matter is referred to an Independent Expert in accordance with the description in Chapter 4
(Governance), the Independent Expert shall be appointed by the Regulatory Authority as appropriate.
Such person shall be an expert with specialised skills in the matter under consideration and must not
have any material relationship with any of the Parties to the matter. When referring a matter to an
Independent Expert a written brief shall be prepared containing:

a. Expert is required to express an opinion or give advice;

b. All the relevant documentation;
c. All the relevant correspondence between Parties, and
d. A request that the Independent Expert drafts an opinion setting out a possible solution to the
issue.

The Independent Expert shall determine the procedure to be followed for the purpose of preparing
an opinion. The venue for the Independent Expert’s inquiries will be agreed between the Parties to
the matter under consideration. Modern technologies such as videoconferencing may be used to
ensure that the process is as cost efficient and equitable as possible.

The Independent Expert must within fifteen (15) business days of his appointment accept
submissions from the Parties in dispute and must state his determination of those matters within
sixty (60) business days of his appointment.

Responsibility for the entire cost of the Independent Expert shall be:
a. In the case of referral pursuant to Section 3.9 in this chapter, Party or Parties seeking revision of
the ENDGC shall equally divide the entire cost;
b. In the case of referral pursuant to Section 3.10 in this chapter, the Party or Parties seeking
Derogation shall equally divide the entire cost;
c. In the case of referral pursuant to Section 3.11 in this chapter, the disputing Parties shall equally
divide the entire cost.

3.13 ENDGC INTERPRETATION

In the event that any User requires additional interpretation of the wording or application of any
provision of the ENDGC, they may make a request to the Regulatory Authority for such interpretation.
Provided that the request is reasonable, the Regulatory Authority shall provide the User with an
interpretation of the relevant provision. In the event that a User, acting reasonably, deems that an

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CHAPTER 3 General Conditions

interpretation provided by the Regulatory Authority is unreasonable or inappropriate, the matter shall
be resolved as provided in Section 3.11 Dispute Resolution of the ENDGC.

3.14 HIERARCHY
In the event of ANY conflict between the provisions of the ENDGC and any contract, bilateral
agreement or arrangement between a Transmission Licensee, Distribution Licensee, or other Users,
the provisions of the ENDGC shall prevail unless the ENDGC expressly provides otherwise.

In the event of any inconsistency between the ENDGC and the ENTGC, the latter shall prevail to the
extent of such inconsistency unless the contrary intention is explicit in the ENDGC.

3.15 CONFIDENTIALITY
All data relating to and exchanged among Parties concerning the ENDS shall be considered to be
Confidential Information. The Regulatory Authority shall consult with the DNSPs and Users in regard to
the publication of any of the data exchanged. Aggregate data may be made available when
requested by a User. These data shall be used only for the purpose specified in the request and
shall be treated by the User as confidential. All such disclosure of Confidential Information shall be
subject to a written Confidentiality Agreement duly signed by the DNSPs and Users. Such Confidential
Information shall not be disclosed to other parties without the express written consent of the
Parties to the Confidentiality Agreement.

3.15.1 Confidential Information

(a) Each Party shall use all reasonable endeavours to keep confidential any Confidential
Information which comes into the possession or control of that Party or of which the
Party becomes aware. The information owner may request the receiver of information
to enter into a Confidentiality Agreement before information established to be
confidential is provided.
(b) A Party shall:
1. Not disclose Confidential Information to any person except as permitted by the
ENDGC.
2. Only use or reproduce Confidential Information for the purpose for which it was
disclosed or another purpose contemplated by the ENDGC.
3. Not permit unauthorised persons to have access to Confidential Information.
(c) Each Party shall use all reasonable endeavours to:
1. Prevent unauthorised access to Confidential Information which is in the
possession or control of that Party;

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2. Ensure that any person to whom he discloses Confidential Information observes

the provisions of this Section 3.15.1 in relation to that information; and
3. Control unauthorised access to Confidential Information and ensure secure
information exchange. Parties shall report any leak of information that is
governed by a confidentiality agreement as soon as practicable after they
become aware of the leak, and shall provide the information owner with all
reasonable assistance to ensure its recovery or destruction (as deemed
appropriate by the information owner.
3.15.2 Exceptions
This section does not prevent:

(a) The disclosure, use or reproduction of information if the relevant information is at the time
generally and publicly available other than as a result of breach of confidence by the Party who
wishes to disclose, use or reproduce the information or any person to whom the Party has
disclosed the information;
(b) The disclosure, use or reproduction of information to the extent required by law or by a lawful
requirement of:
1. Any government or governmental body, authority or agency having jurisdiction over a
Party or his related bodies corporate; or
(c) The disclosure, use, or reproduction of information if required in connection with legal
proceedings.

3.15.3 Application of Confidentiality to the Regulatory Authority

For the purpose of Section 3.15, other than Section 3.15.4, Party includes the Regulatory Authority
and any council, committee or other body established by the Regulatory Authority under the
ENDGC.

3.15.4 Indemnity to the Regulatory Authority

Each Party indemnifies the Regulatory Authority against any claim, action, damage, loss, liability,
expense or outgoing which the Regulatory Authority pays, suffers, incurs, or is liable for in respect of any
breach by that Party or any officer, Agent or employee of that Party of this Section 3.15.4 of the ENDGC.

3.15.5 Party Information

Each Party shall develop and, to the extent practicable, implement a policy to protect information that
he acquires pursuant to his various functions from use or access which is contrary to the provisions of
the ENDGC.

3.15.6 Information on Ethiopia National Distribution Code Bodies

The Regulatory Authority shall develop and implement policies concerning:

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CHAPTER 3 General Conditions

(a) The protection of information which ENDGC bodies acquire pursuant to their various functions
from use or access by Parties or ENDGC bodies which is contrary to the provisions of the
ENDGC; and
(b) The dissemination of such information where appropriate to Parties and other interested
parties.

3.16 CONSTRUCTION OF REFERENCES

3.16.1 Preamble, Table of Contents and Headings
The Preamble, table of contents, and headings are inserted for information and convenience only and
shall not be used in construing the provisions of the ENDGC.

3.16.2 Cross References

A cross-reference to another document or part of the ENDGC shall not of itself impose any additional or
further or co-existent obligation or confer any additional or further or co-existent right in the part of the
text where such cross-reference is contained.

3.16.3 Definitions
(a) Terms and expressions printed in italics and beginning with capital letters are listed in the
Glossary and Definitions Chapter and shall, unless the context otherwise requires or is not
consistent therewith, bear the respective meaning set out therein. However, if there are
instances in which the terms are not capitalised or italicised, these meanings still hold.
(b) Terms not herein defined shall have the meaning ascribed thereto in the Oxford English
Dictionary.
(c) Where the Glossary and Definitions refers to any word or term which is more particularly
defined in a part of the ENDGC , the definition in that part of the ENDGC will prevail over the
definition in the Glossary and Definitions in the event of any inconsistency.

3.16.4 Figures
Figures are provided in some chapters of the ENDGC for convenience and to illustrate a process. In
case of any discrepancy between the text and figures regarding any provision of the ENDGC , the
text shall prevail.

3.16.5 Gender, Singular and Plural

Unless the context otherwise requires, the singular shall include the plural and vice versa, and
references to any gender shall include the other gender.

3.16.6 Include and Including

References to the words "include" or "including" are to be construed without limitation to the generality
of the preceding words.

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3.16.7 Mandatory Provisions

The word “shall” refers to a rule, procedure, requirement, or any other provision of the ENDGC that
requires mandatory compliance.

3.16.8 Person or Entity

References to a person or entity shall include any individual and any other entity, in each case whether
or not having a separate legal personality.

3.16.9 References
References to clauses, provisions or to a particular paragraph, sub-paragraph or Appendix are, unless
the context otherwise requires, references to that clause, provision, paragraph, sub-paragraph, or
Appendix in or to that part of the ENDGC in which the reference is made.

3.16.10 Written and in Writing

Any references to "in writing" or "written" include typewriting, printing, lithography, and other modes of
reproducing words in a legible and non-transitory form.

3.17 LANGUAGE
This ENDGC is written in English. In case of any discrepancies between the English version and a version
translated into any other language, the English version shall prevail.

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CHAPTER 4 Governance

4 GOVERNANCE

4.1 INTRODUCTION
The objective of this Governance chapter is to describe the provisions necessary for the overall
administration and review of the various aspects of the ENDGC. This chapter also summarizes the
main documents and organizations that provide the authority governing the planning, construction,
and operation of the ENDS.

The Code requirements shall be applied in conjunction with the licenses issued to Generation
Licensees, TNSP and DNSP and regulations that relate to the power sector of Ethiopia adopted by
the Regulatory Authority and the MOWIE. All Distribution Licenses and agreements concluded after
implementation of the ENDGC shall include the obligation of parties to comply with ENDGC
requirements.

This chapter also describes the methodology that will be used to:
a. To ensure that all Distribution Network Users are represented in reviewing and making
recommendations to the development and revision of the ENDGC requirements;
b. Facilitate the monitoring and auditing of compliance with the ENDGC;
c. To specify the processes used for the settlement of disputes.

4.2 GOVERNANCE DOCUMENTS

The primary laws defining governance are Ethiopia’s Energy Proclamation 810/2013, Council of
Ministers Regulation No. 302/2013, and 303/2013 that restructured the vertically integrated EEPCO
and established the EEP and EEU; and Regulation No. 308/2014 that established the Regulatory
Authority and its core functions in the technical, legal, economic, and operational areas. Ethiopia’s
National Energy Policy, EEA Summary Guide to Investment, Ethiopia’s Climate Resilient Green
Economy, EEA Pricing Procedure for Interconnected Systems (ICS) and Large Isolated Systems No.
1/2005, and EEA Pricing Procedure for Small and Very Small Self-contained Systems (SCS) No.
2/2005, and EEA Draft Directives Electricity Operations submitted to the Ministry of Mines and
Energy – March, 2001. Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP) have also been reviewed for defining
the Governance and all Chapters of the ENTGC and ENDGC.
The organization with the governance functions include the Regulatory Authority, the ENTGC,
ENDGC , ENTGCRC, and the ENDGCRC.

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4.3 ETHIOPIA NATIONAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM GRID CODE REVIEW

COMMITTEE (ENDGCRC)
The Regulatory Authority shall establish, maintain and maintain as a standing committee the
ENDGCRC which shall be governed by the provisions of the ENDGC in Section 4.3.4 of this chapter.
The Regulatory Authority is responsible for the review of the operations and revision of the ENDGC.
The ENDGCRC shall not have decision making authority and the Regulatory Authority shall not be
bound by its deliberations or recommendations.

4.3.1 Role of the ENDGCRC

The ENDGCRC shall:

(a) Keep the ENDGC and its working under review;

(b) Ensure that the ENDGC is consistent in its approach and is developed to reflect changes in
Prudent Utility Practice and technology;
(c) Review and discuss all proposals for amendments to the ENDGC which the Regulatory
Authority, ENTSO, Transmission Licensees, Distribution Licensees or Distribution Network
Users submit to the Distribution Code Review Committee for consideration from time to
time;
(d) Present recommendations to the Regulatory Authority as to amendments to the ENDGC
that the ENDGCRC considers warranted and the reason for such changes;
(e) Review existing standards relevant to the operation of the ENDS and to make modifications
or proposals for new standards in relation to the operation of the ENDS; and
(f) Issue guidance in relation to the ENDGC and its implementation, performance, and
interpretation.

4.3.2 Composition of the ENDGCRC

The ENDGCRC shall consist of the following Members:
(a) A Chairperson appointed by the Regulatory Authority;
(b) One person representing the Regulatory Authority;
(c) One person representing the Regional Control Centre;
(d) One person representing public Transmission Licensees and one person representing
private Transmission Licensees;
(e) One person representing public Distribution Licensees and one person representing private
Distribution Licensees;
(f) One person representing the public Generation Licensees with Generating Plants

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connected to the Distribution System and one person representing private

Generation Licensees with Generating Plants connected to the Distribution System.

In the case that any of the above categories include more than one entity, the constituents shall
form a caucus and appoint a representative.

All appointments are subject to approval by the Regulatory Authority with regard to required
minimum qualifications for Members provided in Section 4.3.5.

In the case that any of the above categories contain no entities, the position will remain unfilled.

4.3.3 Conduct of Business

The ENDGCRC shall establish and comply at all times with its own rules and procedures governing
the conduct of its business as approved by the Regulatory Authority.

If the ENDGCRC is unable to reach a unanimous or consensus agreement on any matter presented
before it, it shall report the cause of disagreement and the views held by the respective members of
the ENDGCRC to the Regulatory Authority.

4.3.4 Constitution and Rules of the Distribution Code Review Committee

4.3.4.1 Committee Name
The Committee charged with making recommendations to the Regulatory Authority on the review of
the operation and revision of ENDGC shall be called the ENDGCRC and shall be governed by the
provisions set out in this section of the ENDGC.

4.3.5 Distribution Code Review Committee Member Qualifications

Due to the technical nature of many of the duties and responsibilities of ENDGCRC Members, any
person that is being considered as a ENDGCRC Member must meet the following minimum
experience and qualifications;

4.3.5.1 Chairperson
(a) Minimum of ten (10) years of electric industry experience in a technical capacity.
(b) Minimum of seven (7) years of energy sector regulatory compliance oversight experience.

4.3.5.2 Committee Member

(c) Minimum of seven (7) years of electric industry experience in a technical capacity.
(d) Minimum of three (3) years of experience in regulatory compliance for an electric utility,
Regulatory Authority or an IPP.

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4.3.6 Term of Office

The term of office of a Member shall be three years from the date of his or her appointment. A
Member may resign, be reappointed replaced or removed in accordance with the provisions set
forth for the governance of the ENDGCRC.

The Regulatory Authority has the right to modify the term of office during the initial formation of
the ENDGCRC to assure that incumbent Member’s terms do not expire at the same time. This will
assure that the ENDGCRC has a consistent mix of incumbents and new Members.

4.3.7 Appointment by the Regulatory Authority

If at any time any person entitled to appoint a Member or Members has not made an appointment
and/or is in disagreement as to whom to appoint and as a result no Member represents that entity,
the Chairperson shall notify the Regulatory Authority. The Regulatory Authority shall have the right,
until the relevant entity has made an appointment, to appoint a Member on behalf of that entity.
The appointed Member must be from an entity from the corresponding category as described in
Section 4.3.2. In the event that the Regulatory Authority does not exercise this right, the ENDGCRC
shall be regarded as complete in the absence of that Member.

4.3.8 Nature of Member

No person other than an individual shall be appointed a Member or his alternate.

4.3.9 Retirement of Members

If a Member chooses to retire before the end of their term, written notification shall immediately be
given to the Chairperson. The Chairperson shall notify the Party that appointed the retiring
Member, and by notice in writing to the Chairperson, the said Party shall indicate its wish to appoint
a new Member. Should the position of a Member become vacant, the Party appointing him must
appoint a replacement within twenty-five (25) calendar days.

Such notifications for appointment must be delivered to the Chairperson at least twenty-one (21)
days in advance of the meeting of the ENDGCRC from the person or group of persons represented
by each Member.

4.3.10 Alternates
Each entity shall have the power to appoint any individual to be an Alternate to the Member, and
may at its discretion, remove an Alternate Member so appointed. An entity shall not appoint
another Member as an Alternate. Any appointment or removal of an alternate Member shall, unless
the Chairperson otherwise agrees, be effected by notice in writing executed by the appointer and
delivered to the Secretary or tendered at a meeting of the ENDGCRC. If his appointer so requests, an
alternate Member shall be entitled to receive notice of all meetings of the ENDGCRC or of sub-
committees or working groups of which his appointer is a Member. He shall also be entitled to

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attend and vote as a Member at any such meeting at which the Member appointing him is not
personally present and at the meeting to exercise and discharge all the functions, powers and duties
of his appointer as a Member. For the purpose of the proceedings at such meetings, the provisions
of the ENDGC shall apply as if the alternate appointed were a Member. An alternate shall have all
the rights and obligations of a Member including voting rights.

4.3.11 Ceasing to Act

An alternate Member shall cease to be an alternate Member if his or her appointer ceases for any
reason to be a Member.

4.3.12 References Include Alternates

References to a Member shall, unless the context otherwise requires, include his duly appointed
alternate.

4.3.13 Representation and Voting

4.3.13.1 Representation
The Chairperson and every Member shall be entitled to attend and participate in every meeting of
the ENDGCRC. One adviser (or such greater number as the Chairperson shall permit) shall be entitled
to attend any meeting of the ENDGCRC with each Member.

4.3.13.2 Voting
The ENDGCRC shall seek to achieve a unanimous consensus agreement among all voting members.
If the Committee is unable to reach unanimous consensus on an item, a simple majority voting
method will be used. If there is a tie after voting, the Chairperson will be allowed to cast a tie-
breaking vote.

4.3.14 Removal
Any entity entitled to appoint a Member, including the Chairperson, may at any time replace that
Member or the Chairperson, as the case may be, from committee and appoint another person in his
place. An entity will only have the right to remove from the committee the person that it or they
have appointed, and will have no right to remove from office the Chairperson or any other Member,
as the case may be, appointed by another person. In the event of disagreement amongst persons
entitled to appoint a Member, the relevant provisions of Section 4.3.7 “Appointment by Regulatory
Authority” shall apply with any necessary changes. Whenever any individual Member or the
Chairperson changes, the entity entitled to appoint that Member or the Chairperson, shall notify the
Secretary in writing within seven (7) days of the change taking effect.

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4.4 THE CHAIRPERSON POSITION

4.4.1 Appointment/Removal
The Regulatory Authority may at any time replace the Chairperson. Upon retirement or removal by
the Regulatory Authority of the first and each successive Chairperson, the Regulatory Authority shall
appoint a person to act as Chairperson.

4.4.2 Alternate Chairperson

The Chairperson shall preside at every meeting of the ENDGCRC at which he is present. If the
Chairperson is unable to be present at a meeting but has appointed an alternate, such alternate
shall act as Chairperson. If neither the Chairperson nor his alternate is present within half an hour
after the time appointed for holding the meeting, the Members present appointed by the
Regulatory Authority may appoint one of their number to act as Chairperson of the meeting; such
appointee shall not however, be treated as the Chairperson’s alternate and shall not be entitled to
cast the Chairperson’s vote.

4.5 THE SECRETARY POSITION

4.5.1 Appointment
The Regulatory Authority shall have power to appoint and dismiss a Secretary and such other staff
for the ENDGCRC as it may deem necessary. The Regulatory Authority shall notify each Member of
the identity and address for correspondence of the Secretary as soon as reasonably practicable after
the appointment of the first Secretary and, subsequently after the appointment of any new
Secretary. The Secretary may, but need not, be a Member but shall not be a Member by virtue only
of being Secretary. The Secretary shall have the right to speak at meetings but, unless they are a
Member, they have no right to cast a vote at any meeting.

4.5.2 Duties
The Secretary’s duties shall be to attend to the day to day operation of the ENDGCRC and, in
particular, to:
(a) attend to the requisition of meetings and to serve all requisite notices;
(b) maintain a register of names and addresses of Members and alternates as appointed from
time to time; and
(c) keep minutes of all meetings.

4.5.3 Registers
The Secretary shall make available the registers of names and addresses and minutes for inspection
by the Regulatory Authority, Members, and Member Transmission and Distribution Licensees.

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4.5.4 Group Representative’s Addresses

Each Member shall from time to time communicate his address to the Secretary and all notices sent
to such address shall be considered as having been duly given.

4.6 MEETINGS
4.6.1 Date and Venue
The ENDGCRC shall hold meetings quarterly at regular scheduled times as the Committee may
decide.

4.6.2 Further Meetings

The Chairperson or any other Member may request the Secretary to requisition further meetings by
giving a twenty-one (21) day notice to the Secretary. The notice shall be in writing and contain a
summary of the agenda of the business that it is proposed will be conducted. The Secretary shall
proceed to convene a meeting of the ENDGCRC within seven (7) days of the date of expiry of such
notice.

4.6.3 Notice of Meetings

4.6.3.1 Notice by Chairperson
All meetings shall be called by the Chairperson on at least fourteen (14) days written notice
(exclusive of the day on which it is served and of the day for which it is given), or by shorter notice if
so agreed in writing by all Members. The Chairperson shall provide notice of the meeting to
Consumer organizations, to allow their representatives to observe the meeting.

4.6.3.2 Details in Notice

The notice of each meeting shall contain the time, date and venue of the meeting, and an agenda.

4.6.3.3 Failure to Give Notice

The accidental omission to give notice of a meeting or the non-receipt of notice of a meeting by a
person entitled to receive notice shall not invalidate the proceedings at that meeting.

4.6.3.4 Proposal for Agenda

By notice to the Secretary, any Member can request additional matters to be considered at the
meeting and provided such notice is given at least ten (10) days (exclusive of the day on which it is
served and of the day for which it is given) before the date of the meeting, those matters will be
included in a revised agenda for the meeting. The Secretary shall circulate the revised agenda to
each Member as soon as practicable.

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4.6.4 Proceedings at Meetings

4.6.4.1 Quorum
50% plus one (1) Member present in person, or by their alternates, shall constitute a quorum for the
conducting of business at any meeting of the committee.

4.6.4.2 Inquorate Meetings

If, within half an hour from the time appointed for holding any meeting of the ENDGCRC, a quorum
is not present, the meeting shall be adjourned to such day, time and place as the Secretary may
notify to Members within three (3) days of the adjournment.

The adjourned meeting shall not be called to take place within one week of the adjournment but
may be called on less than fourteen (14) day notice.

4.6.5 Agenda
Only matters identified in the agenda shall be resolved upon at a meeting. However, this shall not
prevent matters raised under the heading “Any Other Business” being discussed and if the
Chairperson thinks fit, be resolved.

4.6.6 Validity of Acts

All acts done by any meeting of the ENDGCRC or of a sub-committee or working group shall,
notwithstanding that it be afterwards discovered that there was some defect in the appointment of
a Member, be as valid as if such person had been duly appointed.

4.6.7 Written Resolution

A resolution in writing signed by all Members shall be as valid and effective as if it had been passed
at a meeting of the ENDGCRC duly convened and held and may consist of several documents in like
form each signed by or on behalf of one or more Members.

4.6.8 Meeting Attendance

Members shall attend meetings in person. In special circumstances as approved by the
Chairperson, a meeting may consist of a conference between Members who are not all in one place
but who are able directly or by teleconference to speak to each of the others and to be heard by
each of the others simultaneously. The word “meeting” shall be construed accordingly.

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4.6.9 Minutes
4.6.9.1 Circulation
The Secretary shall circulate copies of the minutes of each meeting of the ENDGCRC to each
Member as soon as practicable and in any event within ten (10) business days after the meeting has
been held.

4.6.9.2 Approval of Minutes

Each Member shall notify the Secretary of his approval or disapproval of the minutes of each
meeting within ten (10) business days of receipt of the minutes. A Member who fails to do so will be
deemed to have approved the minutes. The approval or disapproval of the minutes aforesaid will
not affect the validity of decisions taken by the ENDGCRC at the meeting to which the minutes
relate.

4.6.9.3 Amendments
If the Secretary receives any comments on the minutes, he shall then include those aspects of the
minutes upon which there is disagreement into the agenda for the next following meeting of the
ENDGCRC as the first item for resolution.

4.6.10 Guidance from the ENDGCRC

The ENDGCRC may at any time, and from time to time, issue guidance in relation to the ENDGC and
its implementation, performance and interpretation, and it may establish sub-committees and
working groups to carry out such work.

4.6.11 Sub-Committees and Working Groups

4.6.11.1 Sub-Committees
The ENDGCRC may establish and may co-opt such sub- committees from time to time consisting of
such persons as it considers desirable, whether Members or not. Each sub-committee shall be
subject to such written terms of reference and shall be subject to such procedures as the ENDGCRC
may determine. The meetings of sub-committees shall so far as possible be arranged so that the
minutes of such meetings can be presented to the Members in sufficient time for consideration
before the next following meeting of the ENDGCRC.

4.6.11.2 Working Groups

The ENDGCRC may further establish working groups to advise it on any matter from time to time.
Such working groups may consist of Members and/or others as the ENDGCRC may determine for the
purpose.

4.6.11.3 Resolutions
Resolutions of sub-committees and working groups shall not have binding effect unless approved by

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resolution of the ENDGCRC.

4.7 VACATION OF OFFICE

The office of a Member shall be vacated if the Member:
(a) resigns office by notice delivered to the Secretary; or
(b) becomes bankrupt or compounds with their creditors generally; or
(c) becomes of unsound mind or a patient for any purpose of any statute relating to mental
health; or
(d) his/her alternate fails to attend more than three consecutive meetings of the ENDGCRC
without submitting an explanation to the Chairperson which is reasonably acceptable to
the Chairperson.

4.8 MEMBER’S RESPONSIBILITIES AND PROTECTIONS

4.8.1 Responsibilities
In the exercise of its powers and the performance of its duties and responsibilities, the
ENDGCRC shall have due regard for the need to promote the attainment of the principal
duties of the ENDGCRC.

4.8.2 Representation
In the exercise of its powers and the performance of its duties and responsibilities as a
Member, a Member shall represent the interests of the institution or entity by whom he
was appointed, provided that such obligation of representation shall at all times be
subordinate to the obligations of the Member as a Member of the ENDGCRC.

4.8.3 Reliance on Documentation

The ENDGCRC, each Member and the Secretary shall be entitled to rely upon any
communication or document reasonably believed by it or him to be genuine and correct
and to have been communicated or signed by the person by whom it purports to be
communicated or signed.

4.9 REVISION TO THE DISTRIBUTION CODE

Any Distribution Network User, ENDGCRC Member, DNSP, Transmission Licensee, the ENTSO,
MOWIE, or the Regulatory Authority may propose revisions to the ENDGC. The Regulatory Authority
shall have sole authority to make any revisions to the ENDGC. Before approving any proposed
revisions to the ENDGC, the Regulatory Authority will be guided by the ENDGCRC recommendations
on the matter and any representations made by Parties. In considering the proposed revisions the
Regulatory Authority may also seek the opinion of an Independent Expert.

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The Regulatory Authority shall, as required, prepare and issue amended versions of the ENDGC
containing such revisions as have been approved by the Regulatory Authority. All revisions to the
ENDGC shall be recorded in the ENDGC Revision Register, which shall indicate the date, chapter
amended and the reason for the change. An up to date ENDGC including all approved revisions
shall be published on the Regulatory Authority website along with the ENDGC Revision Register. The
revised version of the ENDGC shall take effect from the date on which it is published on the
Regulatory Authority website, or such other later date as specified by the Regulatory Authority.

4.10 ENDGC AUDITS

4.10.1 Customer request
A User may request from the DNSP, or a DNSP may request from a User, any material in the possession
or control of that participant relating to compliance with a section of the ENDGC. The requesting
participant may not request such information in relation to a particular section of the ENDGC within six
(6) months of a previous request made under this section in relation to the relevant section.

4.10.2 Information Requirements

A request under this section shall include the following information:
(a) Nature of the request
(b) Name of the representative appointed by the requesting participant to conduct the
investigation
(c) The time or times at which the information is required

4.10.3 Withholding Information

The relevant participant may not unreasonably withhold any relevant information requested. It shall
provide a representative of the requesting participant with such access to all relevant documentation,
data, and records (including computer records or systems) as is reasonably requested. This information
shall be treated as confidential if requested. Any request or investigation shall be conducted without
undue disruption to the business of the participant.

4.11 CONTRACTING
The ENDGC shall comprise one of the standard documents that form part of the contract between
DNSPs and each of their Customers. DNSPs shall contract with Customers for any services specified in
the ENDGC.

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4.12 REGISTRATION
4.12.1 Users
DNSPs shall ensure that agreements between DNSPs and Users after the implementation of the ENDGC
shall include an obligation on Users to comply with ENDGC requirements.

4.12.2 Licensed Entities

The Regulatory Authority shall ensure that all Licensees comply with ENDGC requirements.

4.12.3 Registration of Licensees

No entity shall have access to the ENDS before obtaining a licence from the Regulatory Authority. The
Regulatory Authority shall be responsible for creating and maintaining a register of Licensees. Service-
providers shall ensure that Users are registered as Licensees before entering into a contract for services
with such Users.

A User who no longer holds a licence from the Regulatory Authority shall be removed from the register
of Licensees.

4.13 NOTICES
4.13.1 Service of Notices
A notice is properly given under the ENDGC to a person if:
(a) It is personally served; or
(b) A letter containing the notice is prepaid and posted to the person at an address (if any) supplied
by the person to the sender for service of notices or, where the person is a User, an address
shown for that person in the register of Users to whom licences have been issued under the
Proclamation 810/2013 and other appropriate regulations, and maintained by the Regulatory
Authority or, where the addressee is the Regulatory Authority, the registered office of the
Regulatory Authority; or
(c) It is sent to the person by facsimile or electronic mail to a number or reference which
corresponds with the address referred to in Section 4.13.1(b) or which is supplied by the person
to the Regulatory Authority for service of notices; or
(d) It is published in a newspaper with wide circulation in the area where the person is resident or
in a daily newspaper circulated generally;
(e) It is communicated verbally to the person and that communication is recorded or thereafter
confirmed in writing; or
(f) The person receives the notice

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4.13.2 Time of Service

A notice is treated as being given to a person by the sender:
(a) Where sent by post in accordance with Section 4.13.1(b) to an address in the central business
district of Addis Ababa, on the second business day after the day on which it is posted;
(b) Where sent by post in accordance with Section 4.13.1(b) to any other address, on the third
business day after the day on which it is posted;
(c) Where sent by facsimile in accordance with Section 4.13.1(c) and a complete and correct
transmission report is received:
(d) Where the notice is of the type in relation to which the addressee is obliged under the ENDGC to
monitor the receipt by facsimile outside of, as well as during, business hours, on the day of
transmission; and
(e) In all other cases, on the day of transmission if a business day or, if the transmission is on a day
which is not a business day or is after 16h00 Hr (addressee's time), at 9h00 Hr on the following
business day;
(f) Where sent by electronic mail in accordance with Section 4.13.1(c):
(g) Where the notice is of a type in relation to which the addressee is obliged under the ENDGC to
monitor receipt by electronic mail outside of, as well as during, business hours, on the day when
the notice is recorded as having been first received at the electronic mail destination; and
(h) In all other cases, on the day when the notice is recorded as having been first received at the
electronic mail destination, if a business day or if that time is after 16h00 Hr (addressee’s time),
or the day is not a business day, at 9h00 Hr on the following business day; or
(i) Where published in a newspaper in accordance with Section 4.13.1(d), on the next day after the
date of publication of the notice;
(j) In any other case, when the person actually receives the notice.

4.13.3 Counting of Days

Where a specified period (including, without limitation, a particular number of days) shall elapse or
expire from or after the giving of a notice before an action may be taken neither the day on which the
notice is given nor the day on which the action is to be taken may be counted in reckoning the period.

4.13.4 Reference to Addressee

In this section, a reference to an addressee includes a reference to an addressee's officers, Agents, or
employees or any person reasonably believed by the sender to be an officer, Agent or employee of the
addressee.

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4.14 ENFORCEMENT
4.14.1 Investigations
(a) A User shall, if requested by the Regulatory Authority, supply it with information relating to any
matter concerning the ENDGC in such form, covering such matters and within such reasonable
time as the Regulatory Authority may request.
(b) If a User fails to comply with a request by the Regulatory Authority for information as described
in Section 4.14.1(a), the Regulatory Authority may appoint a person to investigate the matter
and to prepare a report or such other documentation as the Regulatory Authority may require.
A User shall assist the person to undertake the investigation and to prepare the report or other
documentation. In addition, a User shall, at the request of the person appointed, direct third-
parties to make available such information as the person may reasonably require.
(c) The cost of the investigation and of preparing the report or other documentation prepared by
the person appointed shall be met by the User directed to supply the information under Section
4.14.1(a) unless the Regulatory Authority otherwise determines.
(d) Any report or other documentation referred to in this Section 4.14.1 may be used in any
proceeding involving the Regulatory Authority under the Proclamation 810/2013 and other
appropriate regulations or for the purpose of commencing any such proceeding.
(e) The Regulatory Authority shall develop and implement guidelines in accordance with the ENDGC
consultation procedures governing the exercise of the powers conferred on it by this Section
4.14.1.
(f) The guidelines referred to in Section 4.14.1(e) shall set out the circumstances that a User will be
required to bear the cost of providing the information sought by the Regulatory Authority under
this Section 4.14.1, including where no breach of the ENDGC by the relevant User has occurred.

4.14.2 Entry and Inspection

The Regulatory Authority and its authorised officers and representatives shall have such rights of
entry to premises and installations as may be granted under the Proclamation 810/2013 and other
appropriate regulations.

4.14.3 Function of the Regulatory Authority

The functions of the Regulatory Authority are set out in the Proclamation 810/2013 and other
regulations as appropriate.

4.14.4 Alleged Breaches

(a) If a User considers that another User may have breached or may be breaching this ENDGC or any
provision in their Connection Agreement, the aggrieved User may, in accordance with this
ENDGC or the terms of their Connection Agreement:

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1. Give notice to the person in breach to immediately take steps to remedy and/or stop
the breach, as the case may be;
2. Subject to Section 4.14.4, impose any sanctions on the person in breach as provided in
this ENDGC or their Connection Agreement and
3. Without limitation to his powers, use reasonable endeavours to give effect to any
sanctions so imposed.
(b) If the Regulatory Authority considers that:
1. A User may have breached or may be breaching the ENDGC; and
2. In the circumstances and if the breach is established, it would be appropriate that a sanction
or sanctions be imposed on that User, the Regulatory Authority shall notify the User of the
alleged breach and details of the sanctions which may be imposed if the breach is
established.
(c) If the Regulatory Authority receives written information from a User or any other person which
alleges a breach of the ENDGC by a User, the Regulatory Authority shall within five (5) business
days of receipt of the information determine whether, based on that information, there would
appear prima facie to be a breach of the ENDGC.
(d) If the Regulatory Authority considers that a User may be the subject of a disconnection order it
shall:
1. Promptly notify the Users which the Regulatory Authority considers may be affected;
and
2. Without limitation to its powers, use reasonable endeavours to give effect to any
arrangements notified to the Regulatory Authority by the Users for ensuring the
continuation of supply to the relevant purchasers of electricity.

4.14.5 Sanctions
The nature of sanctions that may be imposed under the ENDGC and the circumstances in which a User
or the Regulatory Authority may implement any sanction that has been imposed, shall be set out in
regulations approved or issued by Regulatory Authority.

4.14.6 Regulatory Authority Action

(a) The Regulatory Authority may direct a User or any person to do or refrain from doing anything
that the Regulatory Authority thinks necessary or desirable to give effect or assist in giving effect
to any of its orders.
(b) Without limiting the generality of Section 4.14.6(a), the Regulatory Authority may direct a DNSP
to disconnect a User from any distribution system in order to assist in giving effect to any of its
orders.
(c) A User or any person shall comply with a direction given under Section 4.14.6(a).

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4.14.7 User Action

If any partner, Agent, officer, or employee of a User does any act or refrains from doing any act which if
done or not done (as the case may be) by a User would constitute a breach of the ENDGC, such act or
omission shall be deemed for the purposes of this Section 4.14.7 to be the act or omission of the User
concerned.

4.14.8 Publications
(a) The Regulatory Authority shall publish a report at least once every six (6) months setting out a
summary for the period covered by the report of:
1. Matters which have been referred to it;
2. All its findings during that period; and
3. Any sanctions it applied under the Proclamation 810/2013 or any other regulations as
applicable.
(b) In considering the circulation of a report under Section 4.14.8(a), the Regulatory Authority shall
have regard to ENDGC objectives.
(c) In addition to the regular publication described in Section 4.14.8(a), the Regulatory Authority
may publish a report on any one or more matters that have been referred to it, its findings in
relation to those matters and any sanctions imposed in relation to those matters. A decision
by the Regulatory Authority to publish a report under this Section 4.14.8(c) is a reviewable decision.
(d) No User, or former User is entitled to make any claim against the Regulatory Authority for any loss
or damage incurred by the User or former User from the publication of any information pursuant to
Section 4.14.8(a) or(c) if the publication was done in good faith. No action or other proceeding will
be maintainable by the person or User referred to in the publication against the Regulatory
Authority or any person publishing or circulating the publication on behalf of the Regulatory
Authority and this section operates as leave for any such publication except where the publication
was not done in good faith.

4.14.9 System Security Directions

(a) Notwithstanding any other provisions of the ENDGC a User shall follow any direction issued by
or on behalf of the ENTSO, which the ENTSO is entitled to issue in exercising his powers under
the Operations Chapters of the ENDGC relevant to maintaining or restoring Power System
Security.
(b) Any event or action required to be performed pursuant to a direction issued under the
Operations Chapters of the ENDGC on or by a stipulated day is required by the ENDGC to occur
on or by that day, whether or not a business day.
(c) Any failure to observe such a direction will be deemed to be a breach of the ENDGC.

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(d) Any User who is aware of any such failure or who believes any such failure has taken place shall
refer the allegation to the Regulatory Authority in accordance with the procedures contained in
Section 4.14.4.

4.15 MONITORING AND REPORTING

4.15.1 Monitoring Objectives
a. The Regulatory Authority is responsible for monitoring compliance with and shall use its
reasonable endeavours to ensure the effectiveness of the ENDGC in accordance with its
objectives.
b. The Regulatory Authority shall undertake such monitoring as it considers necessary:
1. To determine whether Users are complying with the ENDGC;
2. To assess whether the dispute resolution, ENDGC enforcement, ENDGC change and
other mechanisms are working effectively in the manner intended;
3. To determine whether in its operation, the ENDGC is adequately giving effect to
objectives specified in the ENDGC; and
4. To collect, analyse, and disseminate information relevant and sufficient to enable the
Regulatory Authority to comply with its reporting and other obligations and powers
under the ENDGC.
c. The Regulatory Authority shall ensure that, to the extent practicable in light of the objectives set
out in Section 4.15.1(b), the monitoring processes which it implements under this Section 4.15:
1. Are consistent over time;
2. Do not discriminate unnecessarily between Users;
3. Are cost effective to both the Regulatory Authority and all Users; and
4. Are publicised or information relating thereto is available to any person, subject to any
requirements as a result of the confidentiality obligations

4.15.2 Reporting Requirements and Monitoring Standards

a. The Regulatory Authority shall establish:
1. Reporting requirements for Users in relation to matters relevant to the ENDGC; and
2. Procedures and standards applicable to the Regulatory Authority and Users relating to
information and data received by or from Users in relation to matters relevant to the
ENDGC.
b. Prior to establishing requirements or standards and procedures referred to in Section 4.15.2(a), the
Regulatory Authority shall consult with such Users as the Regulatory Authority considers
appropriate. In formulating requirements or procedures and standards, the Regulatory Authority
shall take into consideration the monitoring objectives set out in Section 4.15. The reporting
requirements and standards and procedures established by the Regulatory Authority are
reviewable decisions.

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c. Subject to Section 4.15.2(d), the Regulatory Authority shall notify to all Users particulars of the
requirements, procedures, and standards that it establishes under this Section 4.15.2.
d. If the Regulatory Authority establishes additional or more onerous requirements or procedures
and standards which do not apply to all Users and the Regulatory Authority considers that
notification of those matters to all Users would contravene the confidentiality provisions in
Section 3.15, the Regulatory Authority shall notify only those Users to whom the requirements
or procedures and standards apply.
e. Each User shall comply with all requirements, procedures and standards established by the
Regulatory Authority under this Section 4.15.2 to the extent that they are applicable to him
within the time period specified for the requirement, procedure or standard or, if no such time
period is specified, within a reasonable time. Each User shall bear his own costs associated with
complying with these requirements, procedures, and standards.
f. In complying with his obligations or pursuing his rights under the ENDGC, a User shall not
recklessly or knowingly provide, or permit any other person to provide on behalf of that User,
misleading or deceptive data, or information to any other User or to the Regulatory Authority .
g. Any User may ask the Regulatory Authority to impose additional requirements, procedures, or
standards under this Section 4.15.2 on another User in order to monitor or assess compliance
with the ENDGC by that User. When such a request is made, the Regulatory Authority may but is
not required to impose the additional requirements, procedures, or standards. A decision by the
Regulatory Authority to impose additional requirement procedures or standards is a reviewable
decision. If the Regulatory Authority decides to impose additional requirements, procedures, or
standards, the Regulatory Authority may determine the allocation of costs of any additional
compliance monitoring undertaken between the relevant Users. Users shall pay such costs as
allocated. In the absence of such allocation, the User subject to the additional requirements,
procedures, or standards will bear his own costs of compliance.
h. The Regulatory Authority shall develop and implement guidelines in accordance with the ENDGC
consultation procedures governing the exercise of the powers conferred on it by Section
4.15.2(g) which guidelines shall set out the matters to which the Regulatory Authority shall have
regard prior to deciding the allocation of costs of any additional requirements, procedures or
standards imposed pursuant to Section 4.15.2(g) between the relevant Users.

4.15.3 Use of Information

(a) Subject to confidentiality obligations set out in the Confidentiality sections of the ENDGC, the
Regulatory Authority is entitled to use any data or information obtained as a result of any
monitoring requirements imposed under Section 4.15.2 in pursuance of any of the Regulatory
Authority’s powers or functions under the ENDGC. Without limitation, the Regulatory Authority
may use any such information in connection with or to initiate:
1. A process to change or revise the ENDGC; or
2. An investigation under the ENDGC.
(b) A User may claim that the information provided to the Regulatory Authority is confidential in
nature to the User or that the User is under an obligation to another person to maintain the
confidentiality of all or part of the information. Notwithstanding that the Regulatory Authority

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may consider the claim by the User to be reasonable, if the Regulatory Authority considers that
its reporting obligations set out in the ENDGC make the disclosure of the information necessary
or desirable, the Regulatory Authority may disclose the information. In doing so, the Regulatory
Authority shall use all reasonable endeavours to ensure the information is disclosed only in a
manner and to the extent that, as far as practicable, protects the confidential nature of the
information and in no way is the Regulatory Authority to be liable for publishing or disclosing
any information under this Section 4.15.3.
(c) Prior to disclosing in accordance with Section 4.15.3(b) information which a User claims is
confidential, the Regulatory Authority decision to disclose the information.
(d) Any decision by the Regulatory Authority under Section 4.15.3(b) to disclose information that is
claimed by a User to be confidential is a reviewable decision and the Regulatory Authority shall
not disclose the information until twenty-eight (28) days after it has provided written notice to
the relevant User that it intends to disclose the information.

4.15.4 Reporting
a. Not later than 31 December in each calendar year, the Regulatory Authorityshall prepare and
give an annual report for the previous Financial Year to all Users and interested parties. The
annual report shall include:
1. The Regulatory Authority’s assessment of the extent to which the operation of the
ENDGC during that period met the ENDGC objectives and of the strategic development
of the ENDGC to meet industry objectives;
2. The Regulatory Authority’s audited accounts for the period covered by the report;
3. A summary of, and reasons for, any changes to the ENDGC;
4. A summary of identified material breaches of the ENDGC and the actions taken in
response, including particulars of any sanctions imposed;
5. A summary of any disputes referred to the Regulatory Authority or involving the
Regulatory Authority as a Party;
6. A summary of material matters in relation to the dispute resolution under the ENDGC
(without identifying the parties); and
7. The Regulatory Authority’s assessment of the matters set out in Section 4.15.1(b) which
it is required to monitor.
b. In addition to the annual report described in Section 4.15.4(a), the Regulatory Authority may, if
it considers it appropriate, provide an interim report to Users and interested parties on any one
or more of the matters that should be contained in the annual report.

4.15.5 Recovery of Reporting Costs

Where, under the ENDGC, the Regulatory Authority is entitled or required to publish or give information,
notices or reports to any User or any other person, unless the context otherwise requires, the
Regulatory Authority (as the case may be) shall charge those persons a fee at cost for providing them
with a copy of the information or report.

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5 CONNECTIONS

5.1 PROCEDURES FOR CONNECTION OR MODIFICATION

5.1.1 Application
5.1.1.1 Application for Connection
Any Distribution Network User seeking a new or modified connection to the Distribution System will
submit to the DNSP a Request for Connection Application. Suitable forms shall be provided by the
DNSP, depending on the required Connection Capacity and the nature of the Distribution Network
User’s Equipment to be connected.

5.1.1.2 Application for Generating Plant Connection

Any Distribution Network User seeking to connect a Generating Plant to the Distribution Network
System will submit to the DNSP a Request for Generating Plants Connection Application. Suitable
forms shall be provided by the DNSP.

5.1.2 Distribution System Requirements

The DNSP shall furnish relevant Distribution Network System specifications and requirements to the
applicant to assist them in the planning and procurement of equipment for their new or modified
connection.

5.1.3 Application Requirements

Distribution Network Users shall contact the DNSP in advance if it is proposing to make any
significant change to the connection, electric lines or electrical equipment, install or operate any
generating equipment or do anything else that could affect the Distribution System or require
alterations to the connection.

Distribution Network Users shall provide the DNSP with any information requested about the
nature, or use by the Distribution Network User, of electrical equipment on the Distribution Network
User’s premises. The DNSP will only ask for information that is needed by it in relation to its
Distribution Licence, distribution concession or the ENDGC.

If the DNSP should determine that more detailed information is required, the Distribution Network
User shall provide it upon request. The DNSP will only ask for information that is needed in relation
to its Distribution Licence or the ENDGC.

Distribution Network Users shall make available to the DNSP all documentation submitted for
approval by local authorities, and proof of the local authorities approval. All single line diagrams as
discussion below shall be signed by a registered Professional Engineer.

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5.1.4 Small Connections (10kVA and below)

For new or modified Small Connections, it is possible in most cases to assess whether a proposed
connection is acceptable, and to determine the necessary supply arrangements, from analysis of the
following limited Standard Planning Data provided by the Distribution Network User:
(a) The requested Connection Capacity in kVA;
(b) Type and electrical loading of equipment to be connected, e.g. number and size of motors,
cookers, electrical space and water electrical heating, air conditioning, refrigeration; and
(c) The date when the new or modified connection is required.

The DNSP shall have an efficient process and procedure for the review and approval of these Small
Connections.

5.1.5 Medium Connections (Up to 2 MVA)

For new or modified Medium Connections, the required Standard Planning Data provided by the
Distribution Network User will include:
(a) Expected Connection Point to the Distribution System; geographical and electrical
(b) The date when connection is required
(c) Single line diagrams of existing and proposed arrangements of main plant and apparatus
showing equipment rating and operating parameters
(d) Type and electrical loading of equipment to be connected, e.g. number and size of motors,
electrical heating, air conditioning, refrigeration, etc.
(e) For all types of load:
1. Requested Connection Capacity (kVA);
2. Maximum Active Power Demand (kW); and
3. Maximum Reactive Power requirements (kvar)
(f) For Fluctuating Loads:
1. The Rate of Change of Demand;
2. The Switching Interval; and
3. The Magnitude of the Largest Step Change
(g) The maximum phase unbalance which the Demand would be expected to impose on the
Distribution Network System.
(h) The maximum flicker and harmonic content which will be imposed on the Distribution
Network System.
(i) Details of any load management scheme to be applied by the Distribution Network User on
the Distribution Network User System.

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(j) Three-phase short circuit in-feed from all sources within the Distribution Network User’s
System, based on Generation Set sub-transient reactance and the minimum zero phase
sequence impedance of the Distribution Network User’s System.
(k) Reactive Power switching arrangements:
1. Rated Capacity (Mvar);
2. Rated Voltage (kV);
3. Type (e.g., shunt inductor, shunt capacitor, static var compensator); and
4. Operation and control details (e.g. fixed or variable, automatic, or manual)
(l) Grounding arrangements
(m) Standard load profiles
(n) In the cases the Distribution Network User is connected to the Distribution System through a
step up transformer:
1. Rated MVA;
2. Rated Voltage (kV);
3. Winding Arrangement;
4. Positive and Zero Sequence Resistance and Reactance;
5. Tap Changer Range, Step Size and Type (on-load/off-load); and
6. Basic Lightning Impulse Insulation Level (kV).
5.1.6 Large Connections (Greater than 2 MVA)
For new or modified Large Connections the Standard Planning Data supplied by the Distribution
Network User will include:
(a) Load data
(b) Type of load and control arrangements (e.g. controlled rectifier or large motor drives and
type of starter employed)
(c) Maximum load on each phase at the time of Peak Demand
(d) Demand profile (48 x half hour average estimates) for Active and Reactive Power Demand
for the day of Distribution System Peak Demand and for the day of the Transmission System
Peak Demand
(e) In relation to Fluctuating Loads:
1. The rates of change of Demand (Active Power and Reactive Power) both increasing
and decreasing;
2. The shortest repetitive time interval between fluctuations in Demand, Active Power
and Reactive Power;
3. The magnitude of the largest step changes in Active Power and Reactive Power,
both increasing and decreasing;

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4. Sensitivity of Demand to fluctuations in voltage and frequency of supply at the time

of Peak Demand.
(f) Equipment Data
1. Circuit parameters (positive and zero sequence resistance and reactance; positive
and zero sequence shunt subsistence) of the overhead lines and/or underground
cables from the Distribution Network User’s substation to the Connection Point in
the Distribution System.
2. for the switchgear, including circuit breakers, Load break switches, and disconnect
switches at the Connection Point and at the substation of the Distribution Network
User (if they are different):
a. Rated voltage (kV);
b. Rated current (A);
c. Rated symmetrical RMS short-circuit current (kA); and
d. Basic Lightning Impulse Insulation Level (kV).

5.1.7 Generation Connections

Distribution Network Users seeking connection of a Generating Plant to the Distribution System shall
use the following procedures. This section applies both to conventional Generating Plants and
Renewable Power Plants

5.1.7.1 Small Generating Plant (less than 50KW)

(a) Distribution Network Users seeking to connect a Small Generating Plant shall provide the
following information:
1. Inverter Manufacturer
2. Model Number
3. Nameplate Rating (kW) (kVA) (AC Volts)
4. Single or Three phase
5. System Design Capacity (kW) (kVA)
6. Prime Mover: Photovoltaic/Turbine/Fuel Cell/Other
7. Energy Source: Solar/Wind/Hydro/Other
8. A single-line diagram of the Generating Plant.

(b) The DNSP s will use the following screens to assess a Small Generating Plant connection
application:
1. For connection of a Generator to a radial distribution circuit, the Generating Plant
aggregated with all other generation capable of exporting energy on a line section

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CHAPTER 5 Connections

will not exceed 15 percent of the line section’s annual peak load as most recently
measured at the substation or calculated for the line section. A line section is that
portion of the radial distribution circuit to which the Distribution Network User
seeks to connect and is bounded by automatic sectionalizing devices or the end of a
distribution line.
2. If the Generating Plant is to be connected on single-phase shared secondary, then
the aggregate generation capacity on the shared secondary, including the
Generating Plant, will not exceed twenty (20) kilovolt-amps (kVA).
3. If the Generating Plant is single-phase and is to be connected on a transformer
center tap neutral of a two hundred and thirty (230) volt service, its addition will not
create an imbalance between the two sides of the two hundred and thirty (230) volt
service of more than twenty (20) percent (%) of nameplate rating of the service
transformer.

5.1.7.2 Medium Generating Plant (50 kW – 10 MW)

As appropriate for the size and type of Generating Plant, Distribution Network Users seeking to
connect a Medium Generating Plant shall provide the following information:
(a) Generating Plant Specifications
1. Prime Mover: PV/Reciprocating Engine/Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine/Steam
Turbine/Microturbine
2. Energy Source: Solar / Wind / Hydro / Diesel / Natural Gas / Fuel Oil / Other
3. Type of Generating Plant: Inverter / Synchronous / Induction
4. Nameplate Rating: kW or kVA
5. Applicant Load: kW (if none, so state)
6. Typical Reactive Load if known
7. Maximum Physical Export Capability Requested: kW
(b) Individual Generating Plant Data
1. Manufacturer, Model Name and Number
2. Version Number
3. Nameplate Output Rating in kW
4. Nameplate Output Power Rating in kVA
5. Rated Power Factor: Leading / Lagging
6. Total Number of Generating Plant s to be Connected
7. Elevation
8. List of adjustable set points for the protective equipment or software
(c) Inverter-Based Generating Plant
1. Inverter Manufacturer, Model Name and Number
2. Maximum design fault contribution current: Instantaneous or RMS

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3. Harmonics Characteristics
4. Start-Up Requirements
5. Rotating Machines (of any type)
6. RPM Frequency
7. Neutral Grounding Resistor (where applicable)
(d) Synchronous Generators
1. Direct Axis Synchronous Reactance, Xd
2. Direct Axis Transient Reactance, X’ d
3. Direct Axis Sub transient Reactance, X” d
4. Negative Sequence Reactance, X2
5. Zero Sequence Reactance, X0
6. KVA Base
7. Field Volts
8. Field Amperes
9. Provide appropriate block diagram of excitation system, Governor System and
power system stabiliser (PSS). A PSS may be determined to be required by
applicable studies. A copy of the manufacturer’s block diagram may not be
substituted.
(e) Induction Generators
1. Motoring Power (kW)
2. I2t or K (Heating Time Constant):
3. Rotor Resistance, Rr
4. Rotor Reactance, Xr
5. Stator Resistance, Rs
6. Stator Reactance, Xs
7. Magnetising Reactance, Xm
8. Short Circuit Reactance, Xd
9. Exciting Current
10. Temperature Rise
11. Frame Size
12. Design Letter
13. Reactive Power Required in vars (No Load)
14. Reactive Power Required in vars (Full Load)
15. Total Rotating Inertia, H: per Unit on a kVA Base
(f) Transformer and Protective Relay Specifications
1. Will a transformer be used between the Generating Plant and the Connection
Point?
2. Will the transformer be provided by the Connection Customer?

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3. Transformer Data: (where applicable, for Connection Customer-Owned

Transformer)
4. Size: kVA
5. If three phase:
a. Transformer Primary: _____Volts _____Delta _____Wye _____Wye
Grounded
b. Transformer Secondary: ____Volts _____Delta _____Wye _____Wye
Grounded
c. Transformer Tertiary: _____Volts _____Delta _____Wye _____Wye
Grounded.
(g) Transformer Fuse Data (where applicable for Connection Customer-Owned Fuse)
1. Manufacturer
2. Type
3. Size
4. Speed
5. Attach fuse manufacturer’s Minimum Melt and Total Clearing Time-Current
Curves
(h) Connecting Circuit Breaker (where applicable)
1. Manufacturer
2. Type
3. Load Rating (Amps)
4. Interrupting Rating (Amps)
5. Trip Speed (Cycles)
(i) Connection Protective Relays (where applicable)
1. If microprocessor, provide a list of functions and adjustable set points (min/
max)
2. Discrete Components (where applicable)
3. Manufacturer
4. Type
5. Style/Catalogue Number
6. Proposed Setting
7. Copy of any Proposed Time-Overcurrent Coordination Curves
(j) Current Transformer Data (where applicable)
1. Manufacturer
2. Type
3. Accuracy Class
4. Proposed Ratio Connection
5. Copy of Manufacturer’s Excitation and Ratio Correction Curves

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6. Potential Transformer Data (where applicable)

(k) Attach copy of site electrical single-line diagram showing the configuration of all Generating
Plant equipment, current and potential circuits, and protection and control schemes. This
single-line diagram must be signed and stamped by a licensed Professional Engineer if the
Generating plant is larger than 200 kW.
(l) Auxiliaries Data
1. Normal unit--supplied auxiliary Load for each Generating Plant Unit at rated
MW output; and
2. Each Generating Plant Unit auxiliary Load other than (a) above and where the
station auxiliary Load is supplied from the Distribution System.
(m) Generating Plant Flexibility Performance Data, as applicable
1. Existence of Black Start Capability
2. Rate of Loading following Shutdown
3. Rate of Load Reduction from normal rated MW; and
4. Regulating range

5.1.7.3 Large Generating Plants (Greater than 10 MW)

As appropriate for the size and type of Generating Plant, Distribution Network Users seeking to
connect a Larger Generator shall provide the following information:
(a) Generating Specifications
1. Prime Mover: PV/Reciprocating Engine/Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine/Steam Turbine/Micro
turbine
2. Energy Source: Solar / Wind / Hydro / Diesel / Natural Gas / Fuel Oil / Other
3. Type of Generating Plant: Inverter / Synchronous / Induction
4. Nameplate Rating: kW or kVA
5. Applicant Load: kW (if none, so state)
6. Typical Reactive Load if known
7. Maximum Physical Export Capability Requested: kW
(b) Individual Generating Plant Data
1. Manufacturer, , Model Name and Number
2. Version Number
3. Nameplate Output Rating in kW
4. Nameplate Output Power Rating in kVA
5. Rated Power Factor: Leading / Lagging
6. Total Number of Generating Plant Units to be Connected
7. Elevation
8. List of adjustable set points for the protective equipment or software.

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(c) Inverter-Based Generating Plant

1. Inverter Manufacturer, Model Name and Number
2. Maximum design fault contribution current: Instantaneous or RMS
3. Harmonics Characteristics
4. Start-Up Requirements
5. Rotating Machines (of any type)
6. RPM Frequency
7. Neutral Grounding Resistor (where applicable)
(d) Synchronous Generators
1. Direct Axis Synchronous Reactance, Xd
2. Direct Axis Transient Reactance, X’ d
3. Direct Axis Sub transient Reactance, X” d
4. Negative Sequence Reactance, X2
5. Zero Sequence Reactance, X0
6. KVA Base
7. Field Volts
8. Field Amperes
9. Provide appropriate block diagram of excitation system, Governor System and
power system stabilizer (PSS). A PSS may be determined to be required by
applicable studies. A copy of the manufacturer’s block diagram may not be
substituted
(e) Induction Generators
1. Motoring Power (kW)
2. I2t or K (Heating Time Constant):
3. Rotor Resistance, Rr
4. Rotor Reactance, Xr
5. Stator Resistance, Rs
6. Stator Reactance, Xs
7. Magnetizing Reactance, Xm
8. Short Circuit Reactance, Xd
9. Exciting Current
10. Temperature Rise
11. Frame Size
12. Design Letter
13. Reactive Power Required in Vars (No Load)
14. Reactive Power Required in Vars (Full Load)
15. Total Rotating Inertia, H: per Unit on a kV Base
(f) Transformer and Protective Relay Specifications

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1. Will a transformer be used between the Generating Plant and the Connection
Point?
2. Will the transformer be provided by the Connection Customer?
3. Transformer Data: (where applicable, for Connection Customer-Owned
Transformer)
4. Size: kVA
5. If three phase:
a. Transformer Primary: _____Volts _____Delta _____Wye _____Wye
Grounded
b. Transformer Secondary: ____Volts _____Delta _____Wye _____Wye
Grounded
c. Transformer Tertiary: _____Volts _____Delta _____Wye _____Wye
Grounded
(g) Transformer Fuse Data
1. Manufacturer
2. Type
3. Size
4. Speed
5. Attach fuse manufacturer’s Minimum Melt and Total Clearing Time-Current Curves
(h) Connecting Circuit Breaker (where applicable)
1. Manufacturer
2. Type
3. Load Rating (Amps)
4. Interrupting Rating (Amps)
5. Trip Speed (Cycles)
(i) Connection Protective Relays (where applicable)
1. If microprocessor, provide a list of functions and adjustable set points (min/ max)
2. Discrete Components (where applicable)
3. Manufacturer
4. Type
5. Style/Catalogue Number
6. Proposed Setting
7. Copy of any Proposed Time-Overcurrent Coordination Curves
(j) Current Transformer /Potential Transformer Data (where applicable)
1. Manufacturer
2. Type
3. Accuracy Class
4. Proposed Ratio Connection

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5. Copy of Manufacturer’s Excitation and Ratio Correction Curves

(k) Attach copy of site electrical single-line diagram showing the configuration of all Generating
Plant equipment, current and potential circuits, and protection and control schemes. This
single-line diagram must be signed and stamped by a licensed Professional Engineer.
(l) Auxiliaries Data
1. Normal unit-supplied auxiliary Load for each Generating Plant Unit at rated MW
output; and
2. Each Generating Plant Unit auxiliary Load other than (a) above and where the
station auxiliary Load is supplied from the Distribution System.
(m) Generating Plant Flexibility Performance Data, as applicable
1. Existence of Black Start Capability
2. Rate of Loading following Shutdown
3. Rate of Load Reduction from normal rated MW; and
4. Regulating range
5.1.8 Processing of Applications
The DNSP shall establish the procedure for the processing of Applications for Connection or
modification of an existing connection to the Distribution System. The DNSP shall process the
Application for Connection or modification to an existing connection within thirty (30) days.

Processing of applications shall include any necessary studies and analysis and the communication of a
final determination to the User. Processing of applications shall begin upon submission of an accurate
and complete application by the User.

Any Distribution Network User applying for connection or a modification of an existing connection to
the Distribution System shall take all necessary measures to ensure that its proposed connection or
Modification fulfills all the technical requirements of the ENDGC, and shall not result in the
degradation of the Distribution System.

5.1.9 System Impact Studies

Based on the data supplied by the Distribution Network User applicant, the DNSP shall conduct
Distribution Impact Studies it considers appropriate, to evaluate the impact of the proposed
connection or modification to an existing connection on the Distribution System. The evaluation
should include:
(a) Impact of short circuit in feed to the Distribution Equipment;
(b) Capacity increase impacts on distribution equipment;
(c) Coordination of Protection System; and
(d) Impact of Distribution Network User development on Power Quality

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Upon request of the Distribution Network User, the DNSP shall provide to the Distribution Network User
adequate and sufficient information as appropriate regarding the Distribution System to enable the
Distribution Network User to plan and prepare for a reliable connection to the Distribution System. For a
Generating Plant to satisfy the grid connection requirements, such information includes voltage level,
frequency, short circuit, reactive power, earth fault protection, low voltage ride through, and remote
control capability.

During the Application for Connection process, based on the results of the Impact Studies, the DNSP
will propose and agree with the Distribution Network User the voltage level and point in the
Distribution System to which a Distribution Network User will be connected in accordance with its
normal practice for the type of load to be supplied. The DNSP may on occasion specify a different
Connection Point or connection voltage from normal in order to avoid potential disturbance caused
by the Distribution Network User’s Equipment to other Distribution Network Users of the DNSP or
for other technical reasons or may agree alternative methods for minimizing the effects of
disturbing loads.

5.1.10 Application Approval

After processing the application submitted by the Distribution Network User, the DNSP shall inform
the Distribution Network User whether the proposed Distribution Network User connection is
acceptable or not. If the DNSP identifies any degradation in system performance or a violation of
technical requirements which can be remedied with system improvements, the application will be
approved upon completion of the improvements, and the DNSP shall inform the applicant of the
finding and make available the associated information.

The DNSP shall include in its notification details of the modifications required to make the
Distribution Network User’s application acceptable to the DNSP. The DNSP shall report this situation
to the Regulatory Authority.

5.1.11 Connection Agreement

The acceptance by the Distribution Network User of the DNSP proposal shall lead to the signing of a
Connection Agreement or an amended Connection Agreement. If the DNSP and the Distribution
Network User cannot agree on the proposed connection or modification to an existing connection,
the Distribution Network User shall have the right to bring the matter before the Regulatory
Authority for resolution.

Before entering into a Connection Agreement and before connecting a Distribution Network User’s
System at a Connection Point, it will be necessary for the DNSP to be satisfied that the Distribution
Network User’s System at the boundary with the Distribution System will comply with all appropriate
requirements of the ENDGC.

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The Connection Agreement may include, and shall not be limited to, the following provisions for the
submission of information and reports: Safety Rules, Test and Commissioning programs, Electrical
Diagrams, statement of readiness to connect, and certificate of approval to connect. The
information requirements shall be governed by the Connection Agreement between the DNSP and
the Distribution Network User.

If a Connection Agreement or an amended Connection Agreement is requested, the Distribution

Network User shall submit to the DNSP the Standard Planning Data describing the proposed
Distribution Network User development.

Any Distribution Network User seeking to modify an existing connection to the Distribution System
shall request an amended Connection Agreement with the DNSP prior to any modification to the
Distribution Network User’s System. The amended Connection Agreement shall include provisions
for the submission of additional information required by the DNSP.

5.1.12 Submittal of Information Prior to the Commissioning Date

Distribution Network Users shall be required to submit the information listed in items (a) through (h)
below prior to the Commissioning date, pursuant to the terms and conditions and schedules specified in
the Connection Agreement. The Distribution Network Users connected at Low Voltage shall be required
to submit only the items in (a).

(a) Specifications Specifications of major Equipment not included in the Standard Planning Data
and Detailed Planning Data;
(b) Details of the Protection arrangements and settings;

(c) Electrical Diagrams of the Distribution Network User’s Equipment at the Connection Point;

(d) Information that will enable the DNSP to prepare the Connection Point Drawings;

(e) Copies of all Safety Rules and Local Safety Instructions applicable to the Distribution
Network User’s Equipment;

(f) A list of the names and telephone numbers of authorised representatives, including the
confirmation that they are fully authorised to make binding decisions on behalf of the
Distribution Network User for Significant Incidents;

(g) Proposed Maintenance Programme; and

(h) Test and Commissioning procedure for the Connection Point and the Distribution Network
User Development.

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Distribution Network Users connected at Low Voltage shall be required to submit only the items in
(a); Distribution Network Users connected at Medium and High Voltage shall be required to submit
all of the specified information.

5.1.13 Commissioning of Equipment and Connecting to Distribution System

Upon completion of the Connection Agreement, installation of the equipment at the Connection
Point, the Distribution Network User shall be subjected to the testing and commissioning procedures
developed by the Distribution Network User , approved by the DNSP, and certified by the Regulatory
Authority. Equipment at connections points shall be subject to re-testing every four (4) years.

The Distribution Network User shall then submit to the DNSP a statement of readiness to connect,
which shall include a certified testing and commissioning report. The DNSP shall be entitled to
witness the tests. The DNSP shall withhold agreement to energize the Distribution Network User's
Equipment where test results do not demonstrate compliance with the ENDGC.

Upon acceptance of the Distribution Network User’s statement of readiness to connect, the DNSP
shall, issue a certificate of approval to connect. The physical connection to the Distribution System
shall be made only after the certificate of approval to connect has been issued by the DNSP to the
Distribution Network User.

5.1.14 Ownership Boundaries

The points at which supply is provided between the Distribution System and Distribution Network
Users will be agreed between the DNSP and the Distribution Network User as required. For MV
connections, including connections between the DNSP and the Distribution Network User, and
where necessary bus bar connected supplies at LV, the Connection Points will be subject to specific
agreement between the parties in each case.

The respective ownership of Plant or Apparatus will be recorded in a written agreement between
the DNSP and the Distribution Network User as required. In the absence of a separate agreement
between the parties to the contrary, construction, commissioning, control, operation, and
maintenance responsibilities shall be the responsibility of the owner of the Plant or Apparatus.

Where there are supplies to Generating Plants connected to the Distribution System that operate in
parallel with the Distribution System and all supplies at MV, the DNSP with the Distribution Network
User’s agreement, will prepare a Site Responsibility Schedule, included in the Connection
Agreement, an Operating Diagram showing the agreed Ownership Boundary.

The Site Responsibility Schedule shall detail the demarcation of responsibility for safety of persons
carrying out work or testing at sites having a Connection Point to the Distribution System and/or
circuits that cross an Ownership Boundary at any point.

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Copies of these documents will be retained by the DNSP and the Distribution Network User. Changes
in the boundary arrangements proposed by either party must be agreed in advance and will be
recorded on the DNSP’s Operation Diagrams.

5.1.15 Electrical Diagrams and Drawing Requirements

The DNSP shall specify the procedure and format to be followed in the preparation of the Electrical
Diagrams and/or Connection Point Drawings as required for any Connection Point. The Distribution
Network User shall prepare and submit to the DNSP an Electrical Diagram and/or Connection Point
Drawings for all the Equipment on the Distribution Network User’s side of the Connection Point, in
accordance with the schedule specified in the Connection Agreement or amended Connection
Agreement. The DNSP shall provide the Distribution Network User with an Electrical Diagram for all
the equipment on the DNSP’s side of the Connection Point, in accordance with the schedule
specified in the Connection Agreement or amended Connection Agreement.

5.1.15.1 Preparation of Electrical Diagrams

Where the Connection Point is at the Distribution Network User’s site, the Distribution Network User
shall prepare and distribute a composite Electrical Diagram and Connection Point Drawing for the
entire Connection Point. Otherwise, the DNSP shall prepare and distribute the composite Electrical
Diagram and Connection Point Drawing for the entire Connection Point.

The Electrical Diagrams and the Connection Point Drawing shall provide an accurate record of the
layout and circuit connections, ratings and identification of Equipment, and related apparatus and
devices at the Connection Point. The Connection Point Drawing shall represent, as closely as
possible, the physical arrangement of the Equipment and their electrical connections. If possible, all
the Equipment at the Connection Point shall be shown in one Electrical Diagram. When more than
one Electrical Diagram is necessary, duplication of identical information shall be minimized. The
Electrical Diagrams shall represent, as closely as possible, the physical arrangement of the Equipment
and their electrical connections.

5.1.15.2 Changes to Electrical Diagrams and Connection Point Drawing

Where the DNSP or a Distribution Network User decides to add new Equipment or change an
existing Equipment Identification, the DNSP or the Distribution Network User, as the case may be,
shall provide the other party with a revised Electrical Diagram and Connection Point Drawing, at
least one (1) month prior to the proposed addition or change.

Where the modification involves the replacement of existing Equipment, the revised Electrical
Diagram and/or Connection Point Drawing, as appropriate, shall be provided to the other party in
accordance with the schedule specified in the amended Connection Agreement. The revised
Electrical Diagram and/or Connection Point Drawing shall incorporate the new Equipment to be
added, the existing Equipment to be replaced or the change in Equipment Identification.

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5.1.15.3 Validity of Electrical Diagrams and Drawings

The composite Electrical Diagram prepared by the DNSP or the Distribution Network User shall be
the Electrical Diagram to be used for all operational and planning activities associated with the
Connection Point.

If a Dispute involving the accuracy of the composite Electrical Diagram arises, a meeting between
the DNSP and the Distribution Network User shall be held as soon as possible, to resolve the Dispute.

5.2 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS AT CUSTOMER CONNECTION POINT

5.2.1 Supply Quality Standards
The DNSP shall plan and operate its Distribution System to ensure that at any Distribution Network
User’s Connection Point, the Supply Quality Standards specified in the Performance Standards Chapter
are complied with. Supply Quality Standards shall comply with the IEC 61000 family. Distribution
Network Users seeking connection to the Distribution System or modification of an existing connection
shall ensure that their equipment does not suffer damage as a result of unscheduled outages that can
occur on the Distribution System from time to time.

5.2.2 Frequency Variations

The DNSP shall ensure that within the power system frequency range of 48.75 to 51.25 Hz all of its’
power system equipment will remain in service unless that equipment is required to be switched to give
effect to load shedding or is required by the ENTSO to be switched for operational purposes. Facilities
shall not be required to operate in a sustained manner outside the range of the normal operating
frequency excursion band but should remain in service for three (3) seconds in the range of 48.0 Hz to
52 Hz. The ENTSO may use load shedding facilities to aid recovery of frequency to within the normal
frequency tolerance band.

5.2.3 Voltage Levels

Nominal and Operational Voltages on the Distribution System are shown in Table 5-1.
Table 5-1: Distribution Nominal Voltages
Distribution Nominal Voltages
230 volts - phase to neutral
Low Voltage (LV)
400 volts – phase to phase
15000 volts ( 15kV)
Medium Voltage (MV) 33000 volts (33kV)
45000 volts (45 kV)
High Voltage (HV) 66000 volts (66kV)

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5.2.4 Voltage Variations

The Long Duration Voltage Variation at any Connection Point during Normal Conditions shall be
within the limits indicated in the Performance Standards Chapter and reproduced in the following
table. For the purpose of this section, Voltage Variation shall be defined as the deviation of the root-
mean-square (RMS) value of the voltage from its nominal value, integrated through a fifteen (15)
minutes period, and expressed as a percentage.

Table 5-2: Voltage Variations

Voltage Level in kV Steady State Change

Less than 1.0 kV ± 6 % to Urban Consumers
± 10 % to Rural Consumers
1.0 kV and above ± 10 %

5.2.5 Transient and Short Duration Voltage Variations

A Short Duration Voltage Variation shall be defined as a variation of the RMS value of the voltage
from nominal voltage for a time greater than one-half cycle of the power Frequency but not
exceeding one minute.

Transient Voltages shall be defined as the high-frequency overvoltage that is generally shorter in
duration compared to the Short Duration Voltage Variations.

Under fault and circuit switching conditions, the rated frequency component of voltage may fall or
rise transiently. The fall or rise in voltage will be affected by the method of earthing of the neutral
point of the Distribution System and voltage may fall transiently to zero at the point of fault. The
Distribution System and the Distribution Network User System shall be designed and operated to
include devices that will mitigate the effects of transient overvoltages on the Distribution System
and the Distribution Network User System. The DNSP and the Distribution Network User shall take
into account the effect of electrical transients when specifying the insulation of their electrical
Equipment.

5.2.6 Voltage Unbalance

A DNSP or Distribution Network User shall balance the current drawn in each phase at each of
its Connection Points so as to achieve average levels of negative sequence voltage at all
Connection Points that are equal to or less than the values set out in Table 5-3 below, provided that
at any nominal voltage the negative sequence voltage averaged over any one minute period shall
not exceed two percent (2%) in any hour.

Table 5-3: Negative Sequence Voltage Levels

Nominal Voltage (kV) Averaging Time Maximum Negative Sequence Voltage (%)

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Normal Conditions Single Contingency

> 100 30 minutes 0.5 0.7
10 minutes 1.0 1.0
10-100 10 minutes 1.3 1.3
<10 10 minutes 2.0 2.0
It is not a breach if larger negative sequence voltages occur for a short period resulting from a fault,
single pole interruption, line switching, transformer Energization, series or shunt Capacitor Bank
Energization or Shunt Reactor Energization within the power system.

5.2.7 Harmonics
The DNSP s shall ensure that the Individual and Total Harmonic Contents of the low voltage at any
Connection Point shall not exceed the limits prescribed in Table 5-4a.

Table 5-4a: Harmonics for Low Voltage Connection

Harmonic Order (n) LV ( below 400

volts)
(odds non-multiples of 3)
5 6.0
7 5.0
11 3.5
13 3.0
(odds multiples of 3)
3 5.0
9 1.5
15 0.4
21 0.3
>21 .2
(even)
2 2.0
4 1.0
6 to 24 0.5
Total Harmonic 8%
Distortion (THD):

The DNSPs shall ensure that the Individual Total Harmonic Contents of the medium voltage at any
Connection Point shall not exceed the limits prescribed in Table 5-4b in accordance with the “Quality
of Service Code for Ethiopia.

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Table 5-4b: Harmonics for Medium Voltage Connections

Voltage Level Acceptable Harmonic Distortion Levels

33 kV Total Harmonic Distortion not exceeding 5% with
no individual harmonic greater than 3%
15 kV Total Harmonic Distortion not exceeding 10% with
no individual harmonic greater than 3.0%

Distortion of the System voltage waveform, caused by certain types of equipment, may result in
annoyance to Distribution Network Users or damage to connected apparatus. In order to limit these
effects, Distribution Network Users’ equipment connected to the Distribution System shall comply
with the emission limits generated by total Distribution Network User’s connected equipment at the
Connection Point and shall not exceed the limits prescribed in Table 5-5.

Table 5-5: Emission Limits

Low Voltage Low Voltage
Medium Voltage
Harmonic Order Contracted Power less Contracted Power
(n) than 10 kW greater than 10 kW
A % %
(odds non multiples or 3)
5 2.28 12 12
7 1.54 8.5 8.5
11 0.66 4.3 4.3
13 0.42 3.0 3.0
17 0.26 2.7 2.7
19 0.24 1.9 1.9
23 0.20 1.6 1.6
25 0.18 1.6 1.6
> 25 4.5/n 0.8 +0.8*25/n 0.8 +0.8*25/n
(odds multiples or 3)
3 4.6 16.6 16.6
9 0.8 2.2 2.2
15 0.3 0.6 0.6
21 0.21 0.4 0.4
> 21 4.5/n 0.3 0.3
(even)
2 2.16 10.0 10.0
4 0.86 2.5 2.5
6 0.60 1.0 1.0
8 0.46 0.8 0.8
10 0.37 0.8 0.8
12 0.31 0.4 0.4

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> 12 3.68/n 0.3 0.3

240 V Distribution
Network Users: 5 A
Total 20.0% 20.0%
400 V Distribution
Network Users: 14 A

Under certain circumstances, the DNSP may agree to other limits or levels.

Measurements may be taken by the DNSP at the Distribution Network User's Connection Point and
will continue for at least 24 hours and taken at ten (10) minute intervals.

In the event that the Distribution Network User’s equipment operates outside the above specified
limits causing annoyance or other injurious effects either to another Distribution Network User or to
the Distribution System, the DNSP shall give reasonable notice to remedy the defect and the
Distribution Network User shall remedy the defect at its own expense. In determining the period of
notice, the DNSP shall have regard to the nature and degree of non-compliance, the nature and
degree of annoyance or other injurious effects as well as the prescriptions stated in the Distribution
Performance Standards. The DNSP shall have the right to disconnect the Distribution Network User’s
equipment in the event that the Distribution Network User does not comply with such notice.

5.2.8 Flicker
The Flicker Severity at the Connection Point of any Distribution Network User shall not be above the
maximum values stated in IEC 61000-3 Standard for more than 3 % of the measured period.

The maximum emission limits produced by any Distribution Network User shall be below the
maximum values stated in IEC 61000-3 Standard.

In the event that the Distribution Network User’s Equipment operates outside the above specified
limits causing annoyance or other injurious effects either to another Distribution Network User, or to
the Distribution System, the DNSP shall give reasonable notice to remedy the defect and the
Distribution Network User shall remedy the defect at its own expense. In determining the period of
notice, the DNSP shall have regard to the nature and degree of non-compliance, the nature and
degree of annoyance or other injurious effects as well as the prescriptions stated in the Distribution
Performance Standards. The DNSP shall have the right to disconnect the Distribution Network User’s
Equipment in the event that the Distribution Network User does not comply with such notice.

5.2.9 Grounding Requirements

The method of Grounding at the Distribution Network User ‘s system shall comply with the
Grounding standards and specifications of the DNSP. The DNSP shall supply to the Distribution
Network User these standards when applying for connection. Where there are multiple sources of
power, the Distribution Network User shall ensure that the effects of circulating currents with
respect to the grounded neutral are either prevented or mitigated.

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5.2.10 Equipment Short Circuit Rating

The DNSP shall inform the Distribution Network User of the design maximum Short Circuits Levels of
the Distribution System at the Connection Point. The Distribution Network User shall consider the
design maximum Short Circuits Levels at the Connection Point in the design and Operation of the
Distribution Network User System.

5.2.11 Monitoring and Control Equipment Requirements

The DNSP and the Distribution Network User shall agree on the mode of monitoring and control.
Where required, the DNSP shall provide, install, and maintain a telemetry outstation and all
associated Equipment needed to monitor the Distribution Network User System. Where the
Distribution Network User consents that the DNSP shall control the switchgear in the Distribution
Network User’s system, the DNSP shall install the necessary control outstation, including the control
interface for the switchgear.

5.2.12 Equipment and Maintenance Standards

All Equipment at the Connection Point shall comply with the requirements of the IEC Standards or
their equivalent Ethiopian national standards. All equipment at the Connection Point shall be
designed, manufactured, and tested in accordance with the quality assurance requirements of the
ISO9000 family.

All Equipment at the Connection Point shall be operated and maintained in accordance with Prudent
Industry Practice and in a manner that shall not pose a threat to the safety of any personnel or
cause damage to the equipment of the DNSP or the Distribution Network User.

The DNSP shall maintain an appropriate log containing the test results and maintenance records
relating to its equipment at the Connection Point and shall make this log available when requested
by the Distribution Network User or the Regulatory Authority.

The Distribution Network User shall maintain a log containing the test results and maintenance
records relating to its equipment at the Connection Point and shall make this log available when
requested by the DNSP.

5.2.13 Power Factor

All MV Distribution Network Users consuming electricity of twenty five (25) kW and above for
industrial or commercial purpose shall maintain a Power Factor not less than 0.95 lagging or leading
at the Connection Point, unless a different value have been agreed to in the Connection Agreement.
The Users shall be subject to actions as stipulated in Item No. 63 of the “Final English Draft Energy
Operation Regulation – Version (2)” , if found in violation of the power factor requirements

The DNSP shall correct feeder and substation feeder bus Reactive Power Demand to a level which
will economically reduce feeder loss. The Distribution System shall be designed to have a Power

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Factor of not less than 0.95 at each Connection Point with the Transmission System unless a
different value has been agreed to in the Connection Agreement.

5.2.14 Under Frequency Relays for Automatic Load Shedding

The Connection Agreement or amended Connection Agreement shall specify the manner in which
Demand subject to Automatic Load Shedding will be split into discrete MW blocks to be actuated by
Under Frequency Relays.

5.3 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CONVENTIONAL GENERATING PLANTS

The Generating Plants connected to the Distribution System:
(a) Shall be capable of supplying its Reactive Power outputs, as specified in the Generating
Plant’s declared data, within the Voltage Variation specified in this ENDGC, during Normal
Conditions.

(b) Shall meet the requirements for Voltage Unbalance as specified in this ENDGC.

(c) With a size of five hundred (500) kW or larger shall also be required to withstand without
tripping, the unbalance loading during clearance by the Backup Protection of a close-up
phase-to-phase fault on the Distribution System.

(d) Shall meet the requirements for preventing Unintended Islanding Operation in ANSI/IEEE
Standard 1547-2003 and KS IEC 62116-2008.

(e) Large synchronous generators above ten (10) MW shall have the same fault ride-through
requirements as the RPPs described under Section 5.4.1 Fault Ride-through Requirements
for RPPs

5.3.1 Embedded Generator

The Generating Plants connected to the Distribution System (Embedded Generators) shall be
connected at the voltage level agreed to by the DNSP, based on the Distribution System Impact
Studies and in accordance with the ENDGs Performance Standards. The Connection Point shall be
controlled by a Circuit Breaker that is capable of interrupting the maximum short circuit current at
the Connection Point. Means shall also be provided for Circuit Breaker isolation for maintenance
purposes.

5.3.2 System Frequency

The Generating Plants connected to the Distribution System shall be capable of continuously
supplying its Active Power output, as specified in the Generating Plant’s declared data, within the
System Frequency range specified in the ENDGC. Any decrease of power output occurring in the

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Frequency range of 48.75 to 51.25 Hz shall not be more than the required proportionate value of
the System Frequency decay.

In situations where the System frequency momentarily rises up to the value of 51.5 Hz or falls up to
the value to 48.5 Hz, Generating Plants connected to the Distribution System shall remain in synch
with the Distribution System, unless something different has been agreed in the Connection
Agreement.

The Distribution Network User shall be responsible for protecting its Generating Plants connected to
the Distribution System against damage for frequency excursions outside the range of 51.5 Hz and
48.5 Hz. The Distribution Network User shall decide whether or not to disconnect its Generating
Plant Unit from the Distribution System.

5.3.3 Protection System Coordination

The Protection of Generating Plants connected to the Distribution System and associated
equipment shall be designed, coordinated, and tested to achieve the desired level of speed,
sensitivity, and selectivity in fault clearing and to minimize the impact of faults on the Distribution
System. The DNSP and the Generation Licensee shall be solely responsible for the Protection System
of the electrical Equipment and facilities at their respective sides of the Connection Point. Table 5-6
and 5-7 summarize typical protection requirements of Generating Plants of different types and sizes. As
protection requirements could widely vary depending on the Generating Plants and Distribution
System characteristics, the information on the tables shall be used only as a guide. Detailed
protection schemes should be arranged between the DNSP and the Distribution Network User, and
stated in the Connection Agreement.

Table 5-6: Protection for Single Phase Generating Plants

Interconnection Control, Protection and Safety Equipment1

YES denotes a requirement for this Guideline
Generation Size
50 kW or less3
Interconnection Disconnection Device YES
Generator Disconnect Device YES
Under-voltage Trip YES
Over-voltage Trip YES
Over & Under Frequency Trip YES
Over-current Trip YES

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Synchronizing Control2 Manual or Automatic

Synch-Check2 (At the Connection Point) YES
Prevention of Unintended Islanding Operation YES
(Loss of mains) in ANSI/IEEE Std. 1547-2003
Notes:
1
. Exporting power to the Distribution System may require additional
operational/Protection devices and will require coordination of operations with the
DNSP.
2
. For synchronous and other types of Generating Plants with standalone capability.
3
. For single-phase Generators larger than 50 kW, consult with DNSP on the required
interconnection control, Protection and safety equipment. Requirements for systems
larger than 50 kW will include the requirements in this table and others as specified by
the DNSP.

Table 5-7: Protection for Three-Phase Generating Plants

Interconnection Control, Protection and Safety Equipment8
YES denotes a requirement for this Guideline - All devices are three-phase unless otherwise specified.
Generators Size Classifications Small Medium Large
Device <50 kW 50 - 499 kW 500 - 2000 kW 2001 - 10000 kW >10000 Kw
Interconnect Disconnect Device YES YES YES YES YES
Generator Disconnect Device YES YES YES YES YES
1
Synchronizing Control
M or A M or A A A A
Manual (M) or Automatic (A)
25 Synch-Check (at the Connection Point) YES YES YES YES YES
1
Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) NO NO NO YES YES
Undervoltage YES YES YES YES YES
Overvoltage YES YES YES YES YES
Neutral Overvoltage2 YES3 YES YES YES YES
4 4 4 4
Instantaneous/Timed Over current YES YES YES YES YES4
Instantaneous/Timed Neutral Over current YES3 YES YES YES YES
Over and Under Frequency YES YES YES YES YES
5 5 5 5
Directional Power YES YES YES YES YES5
Inter-trip or Equivalent Relay NO YES6 YES6 YES6 YES6
Telemetry Data Communication NO NO YES7 YES7 YES
Prevention of Unintended Islanding
YES YES YES YES YES
Operation (Loss of mains)
Notes:

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1. For synchronous and other types of Generators with standalone capability.

2. Only required for Generators that have their interconnection transformer’s primary winding ungrounded. Used in conjunction
with 3 PT’s in broken delta configuration rated for line-to-line voltage for detecting ground faults on the Distribution System.
3. May not be required if the Generator is an inverter type voltage-following System of less than 50 kW aggregate. In this case,
the DNSP will inform the Power Producer if this Protection is required.
4. A timed over current relay with voltage restraint may also be required to prevent nuisance trips.
5. Only required for non-exporting or export limited Generators.
6. Transfer trip or equivalent protective relay function required for all synchronous Generators rated 500 kW and larger with
export capability. May also be required for exporting synchronous Generators under 500 kW, depending upon characteristics
of the distribution circuit.
7. System Controller requirement for all Generators 5 MW and larger. The DNSP may also require telemetry for smaller
Generators depending upon location and distribution circuit characteristics.
8. Exporting to Distribution System may require additional operational/protection devices and will require coordination of
operations with the DNSP.

A fault or maintenance outage could result in the disconnection of the Generating Plant connected
to the Distribution System together with an associated section of the Distribution System, from the
remainder of the power system. Unless explicitly arranged with the DNSP, and clearly stated on the
Connection Agreement or amended Connection Agreement, the Generating Plant connected to the
Distribution System should never supply load and/or maintain voltage in any part of the Distribution
System if this part is isolated from the Transmission System, and if the Generating Plant is capable
of maintaining this voltage because it is equipped with synchronous or self-excited asynchronous
Generating Plants , the Generation Licensee shall install adequate protection devices (that could
include inter-tripping schemes) to assure the disconnection either of the Generating Plant or the
whole Generation Licensee’s facilities at the Connection Point.

In case the Distribution Network User facilities are connected to a feeder of the DNSP equipped with
auto-reclosing, the protection System and switching arrangements should be designed to separate
the Generating Plant (or the Generating Plant and other Distribution Network User’s facilities
below the Connection Point) following the first DNSP’s Main Breaker, Recloser or Sectionalizer
opening, and to remain disconnected until the system has completely restored.

5.3.4 Reactive Power

The Generating Plant connected to the Distribution System shall be capable of supplying its Reactive
Power outputs, as specified in the Generator’s declared data, within the voltage variation specified
in this Code, during normal conditions.

The Generating Plant connected to the Distribution System that are providing Ancillary Services for
Reactive Power supply shall be capable of contributing to Voltage Control by continuous regulation
of the Reactive Power supplied to the Distribution System. The Generating Plant connected to the
Distribution System providing Ancillary Services for Reactive Power supply shall be fitted with a
continuously acting automatic excitation control System to control the terminal voltage without
instability over the entire operating range of the Generating Plant connected to the Distribution

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System. The performance requirements for excitation control facilities, including power System
stabilizers, where necessary for System operations shall be specified in the Distribution Connection
Agreement or Amended Connection Agreement.

5.3.5 Black Start

The Generation Licensees with a Generating Plant connected to the Distribution System shall specify
in its application for a connection or modification if it has a Black Start capability. In the case the
Generation Licensee wishes to provide Ancillary Services for Black Start to the ENTSO, it shall
develop and sign the necessary agreements with it, and comply with the ENDGC.

5.3.6 Islanding
Intentional islanding of the Generating Plant shall be permitted to provide uninterrupted service to
local Customers during an outage. Protection system must be capable of providing protection in
normal as well as islanding mode.

5.4 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR RENEWABLE POWER PLANTS

Controllability of a variable intermittent RPP depends on its ability to adapt to the variations in the
voltage, frequency, and power flow in a power system reliable and efficiently. Energy storage
technology is a relatively new option to manage the variability in renewable energy output. While the
energy storage technology is still being vetted for cost effectiveness, the ENDGC introduces international
standards for compliance by the energy storage developer for solar PV, and wind energy. These
standards include IEEE 519-2014 (Recommended Practice and Requirements for Harmonic Control in
Electric Power Systems), IEEE 1547 (Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric
Power Systems), IEEE C-2 (Emergency Shutoff and National Electric Safety), IEC 62281 (Safety of primary
and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport), IEC 62897 (Stationary Energy Storage
Systems with Lithium Batteries – Safety Requirements – under development), IEC 62932-2-2 (Flow
Battery Systems For Stationary Applications – Part 2-2: Safety requirements), IEC 61850
(Communications networks and management systems), and IEC 60529 (Buildings, enclosures and
protection from the elements).

A Generation Licensee shall have an agreement with the ENTSO regarding the controllability of a
Generating Unit. Some key technical requirements of a controllable variable RPP are described below:

5.4.1 Fault Ride-through Requirements for RPPs

Fault ride-through refers to the ability of a Generating Plant to remain connected during a system
voltage disturbance.

Four main characteristics typically provide the requirements for RPPs in the event of a voltage
disturbance:
(a) Conditions for which the RPP must remain connected

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(b) Active Power provision during fault

(c) Voltage support requirements during the disturbance
(d) Restoration of Active Power after the fault has been cleared

Each is discussed in more detail below.

5.4.2 Remain Connected Voltage Condition

Medium and Large (as defined in Sections 5.1.7.2 and 5.1.7.3) wind or solar photovoltaic RPP shall
remain connected to the ENDS for voltage disturbances on any or all phases, where the system
phase voltage measured at the HV terminals of the connection transformer remains above a
specified level for a specified length of time.

The “remain connected” requirements take the form of a voltage vs. time profile which dictates the
level of voltage drop or increase that an RPP must be capable of withstanding along with the time
for which the voltage drop or increase should be endured.

Figure 5-1 shows the combinations of voltages and time that the RPP shall be able to endure.

Area A shows that the RPP shall be able to operate continuously between 0.9 p.u. and 1.1 p.u. In
Area A the RPP shall stay connected to the network and uphold normal production.

Area B is the area between the Lower Bound and the bottom of the continuous operating range, at
0.9 p.u. In Area B the RPP shall stay connected to the network. Figure 5-1 shows that the RPP shall
be able to withstand voltage drops to zero, measured at the Connection Point, for a minimum period
of 0.15 seconds without disconnecting. Less severe voltage drops increase the length of time they
must be endured. Below 0.85 p.u. the voltage drop shall be endured for nearly two seconds. At
0.85 p.u. the voltage drop shall be endured a minimum of three seconds.

Area D is the area between the Upper Bound and the top of the continuous operating range, at 1.1
p.u. In Area D the RPP shall stay connected to the network. Figure 1 shows that the RPP shall be
able to withstand voltage increases to 1.2 p.u. for at least two seconds.

Area C is the area outside the Lower Bound and below the continuous operating range, at 0.9 p.u. In
Area C disconnecting the RPP is allowed.

Area E is the area above the Upper Bound and above the continuous operating range, at 1.1 p.u. In
Area E disconnecting the RPP is allowed.

Figure 5-1: Voltage Must Remain Connected Area

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CHAPTER 5 Connections

Must Remain Connected Area

is Between Upper and Lower Bounds
V
1.4
o
Area D Area E
l
1.2
t
P
a
O 1 Area A: Continuous Operating Range 0.9 < Un < 1.1
g
C
e 0.8
Area B Area C
Lower Bound
(

p 0.6
(

U
u Upper Bound
)
)

0.4
a
t 0.2

0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Seconds

5.4.3 Active Power Provision During a Fault

During a voltage dip, the controllable RPP shall provide Active Power in proportion to retained
voltage and maximize reactive current to the ENDS without exceeding its declared limits.

5.4.4 Reactive Current Flows During Fault

The maximization of reactive current during a fault shall continue for at least six hundred (600) ms
or until the voltage recovers to within the normal operational range of the ENDS, whichever is
sooner.

5.4.5 Active Power Recovery After Fault

The controllable RPP shall provide at least ninety (90) percent (%) of its maximum available Active
Power as quickly as possible and in any event within one second of the voltage recovering to the
normal operating range.

5.4.6 Power System Remain Connected Frequency Ranges

Frequency is the one parameter common to all members of a synchronous electric power system,
and an accepted indicator of that system’s ability to balance resources and demand as well as to
manage disturbances. This requires that Generating Plants remain connected beyond the frequency
range associated with normal operation.

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CHAPTER 5 Connections

Under normal operation, the frequency of the Distribution System shall be nominally 50 Hz (± .5%),
shall be controlled between 49.50 Hz and 50.50 Hz, and shall be capable of continuous operation.

Increasingly severe system disturbances require progressively wider frequency bands and reduce
the time required to operate within the specified frequency range. These figures are summarized in
Table 5-8.

Table 5-8: Frequency Limits

Frequency Limits Duration

49.50 Hz to 50.50 Hz Continuous operation (normal)

49.00 Hz to 51.00 Hz For duration of at least 60 minutes

48.50 Hz to 51.50 Hz For duration of at least 30 minutes

47.50 Hz to 51.50 Hz For duration of at least 3 minutes

<47.50 Hz or >51.50 Hz For duration of at least 20 seconds

<47.00 Hz for more than 0.2 sec May disconnect

>52.00 for more than 4 sec Must disconnect

5.4.7 Active Power Control

The RPP control system shall be capable of operating the RPP at a reduced level if the Active Power
output has been restricted by the System Operator. The RPP control system shall be capable of
receiving an on-line Active Power Control Set-point sent by the Regional Control Centre and shall
commence implementation of the set-point within 10 seconds of receipt of the signal from the
Regional Control Centre. The rate of change of output to achieve the Active Power Control Set-point
should be no less than the maximum ramp rate settings of the RPP control system, as advised by the
Regional Control Centre.

5.4.8 Frequency Response

Frequency response can be achieved through decreasing Generating Plant power output when
frequency exceeds the upper bound of a specified acceptable frequency range, and by increasing
Generating Plant power output when frequency falls below the lower bound of the specified range.
Thus an RPP must operate at a level below its instantaneous available capacity, if it is to provide
both upward and downward frequency regulation capability.

The frequency response system of RPPs shall have the capabilities set out in the power frequency
response curve agreed with the Regional Control Centre.

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CHAPTER 5 Connections

It is usually economically beneficial for RPPs to operate at their instantaneous available capacity. If
they operate below their instantaneous available capacity, wind, and photovoltaic Generating Plants
lose some of the energy they could have captured. The same is true for other types of RPP which
may lack energy storage facilities. This may be a factor in reaching an agreement with the Regional
Control Centre on the power frequency curve.

5.4.9 Ramp Rates

The RPP control system shall be capable of controlling the ramp rate of its Active Power output with
a maximum MW per minute ramp rate set by the Regional Control Centre. There shall be two
maximum ramp rate settings. The first ramp rate setting shall apply to the MW ramp rate averaged
over one (1) minute. The second ramp rate setting shall apply to the MW per minute ramp rate
averaged over ten (10) minutes. These ramp rate settings shall be applicable for all ranges of
operation including start up, normal operation and shut down. It is recognized that falling wind
speed, rapidly changing cloud conditions, or frequency response may cause either of the maximum
ramp rate settings to be exceeded.

Power output of Solar Power Generating Plant has to be reduced in steps of 10% per minute, under
any operating condition and from any working point to a maximum power value (target value) which
could correspond also to one hundred percent (100%) power reduction, without disconnection of
the Plant from the network.

It shall be possible to vary each of these two maximum ramp rate settings independently over a
range between one (1) and thirty (30) MW per minute. The RPP control system shall have the
capability to set the ramp rate in MW per minute averaged over both one (1) and ten (10) minutes.

The RPP operator and the Regional Control Centre shall agree on a procedure for setting and
changing the ramp rate control.

5.4.10 Reactive Power Capability

Reactive power capability is a Generating Plant’s capability to provide reactive support which is
essential in maintaining adequate system voltage profile for system reliability under normal and
contingency conditions.
The Reactive Power capability of an RPP shall be available within the parameters presented in Table
5-9.
Table 5-9: Reactive Power Capability
Reactive Power Range Equivalent Full
Voltage, p.u.
(p.u. of full output) Load Power Factor
0.20 to 0.80 -0.33 to 0.33 - 0.95 to 0.95
0.80 to 1.10 -0.228 to 0.228 - 0.975 to 0.975

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CHAPTER 5 Connections

5.4.11 Rate of Change of Frequency Range

The requirements for remaining connected during a frequency disturbance apply when the rate of
change of frequency is within certain limits. Outside these limits, the unit is not obliged to remain
connected. RPPs shall remain connected to the Distribution System during rate of change of
frequency of values up to and including 1.0 Hz per second.

5.4.12 Voltage and Frequency for Synchronization

RPPs shall only be allowed to connect to the Distribution System, at the earliest, 3 seconds after the
voltage at the Connection Point is within ±5% around the nominal voltage, and the frequency in the
Distribution System is within the range of 49.0 Hz and 50.2 Hz, or otherwise as agreed with the
Regional Control Centre.

5.4.13 Active Power Control for Wind Generating Plants

The wind power Generating Plant shall stay connected to the ENDS at average wind speeds below a
predefined cut-out wind speed. The cut-out wind speed shall as a minimum be twenty five (25) m/s,
based on the wind speed measured as an average value over a ten (10) minute period. To prevent
instability in the Distribution System, the Wind Turbine Generating Plant shall be equipped with an
automatic downward regulation function making it possible to avoid a temporary interruption of the
Active Power production at wind speeds close to the cut-out wind speed.

It shall be possible to continuously downward regulate the Active Power supplied by the RPP to an
arbitrary value in the interval from one hundred (100) percent (%) to at least forty (40) percent (%)
of the rated power. When downward regulation is performed, the shutting-down of individual Wind
Turbine Generating Plant is allowed so that the load characteristic is followed as well as possible.

Downward regulation shall be performed as continuous or discrete regulation. Discrete regulation

shall have a step size of maximum twenty five (25) percent (%). When downward regulation is being
performed, the shutting down of individual Wind Turbine Generating Plant will be allowed. The
downward regulation band shall be agreed with the DNSP upon commissioning of the Wind Turbine
Generating Plant.

5.4.14 Islanding
Intentional islanding of the RPP shall be permitted to provide uninterrupted service to local
Customers during an outage. Protection system must be capable of providing protection in normal
as well as islanding mode.

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6 PLANNING

6.1 DISTRIBUTION PLANNING RESPONSIBILITY

The DNSP shall be responsible for Distribution Planning, including:
(a) Forecasting the future Demand on its Distribution System operating area;
(b) Analyzing the impact of the connection of new facilities such as Generator connected to the
Distribution System, Loads, distribution lines, or substations.
(c) Planning the expansion of the Distribution System to ensure its adequacy to meet forecast
Demand and the connection of new Generation Connected to the Distribution System, Loads
; and
(d) Identifying and mitigating deficiencies in Supply Quality, Power Quality and System Losses in
the Distribution System.

Distribution Planning shall be performed in coordination with the ENTSO and submitted to the
Regulatory Authority.

6.1.1 Planning Data

The Distribution Network Users of the Distribution System, including Generation connected to the
Distribution System and other entities that have a system connected to the Distribution System, shall
cooperate with the DNSP in maintaining the Distribution Planning data.

6.1.2 5-Year Distribution Plan

The DNSP shall annually develop and submit to the Regulatory Authority, a five (5)Year Distribution
Plan.
(a) Energy and Demand Forecasts;
(b) Distribution feeder routing and sizing
1. Detailed at above 11kV;
2. Outline for 11kV
(c) Distribution Reactive Power compensation plan;
(d) Distribution Losses reduction plan;
(e) Other Distribution reinforcement plans; and
(f) A summary of the technical and economic analysis to justify the five (5)Year Distribution Plan.

6.1.3 Submission, Consolidation and Maintenance of Planning Data

Any Distribution Network User applying for connection or a modification of an existing connection to
the Distribution System shall submit to the DNSP the relevant Standard Planning Data and the

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CHAPTER 6 Planning

Detailed Planning Data, in accordance with the requirements prescribed in the Distribution
Connection Code in Chapter 5.

When requested, Distribution Network Users shall submit to the DNSP the relevant historical
planning data for the previous year and/or the forecast planning data for the three (3) succeeding
years. These shall include the updated Standard Planning Data and the Detailed Planning Data.

The required Standard Planning Data shall consist of information necessary for the DNSP to evaluate
the impact of any Distribution Network User development on the Distribution System.

The Detailed Planning Data shall include additional information necessary for the conduct of a more
accurate Distribution Planning study. This shall cover circuit parameters, switchgear, and Protection
arrangements of Equipment directly connected to or affecting the Distribution System. The data
shall be adequate to enable the DNSP to assess any implication associated with the Connection
Points.

The Standard Planning Data and Detailed Planning Data shall be submitted by the Distribution
Network User to the DNSP according to the following categories:
(a) Forecast Data;
(b) Estimated Equipment Data; and
(c) Registered Equipment Data

The Forecast Data shall contain the Distribution Network User’s best estimate of the data, including
Energy and Power, being projected for the five (5) succeeding years.

The Estimated Equipment Data shall contain the Distribution Network User’s best estimate of the
values of parameters and information pertaining to its Equipment.

The Registered Equipment Data shall contain validated actual values of parameters and information
about the Distribution Network User’s Equipment, usually required at the time of connection.

6.1.4 Energy and Demand Forecast

All Distribution Network Users with Medium Connections larger than one (1) MVA and all Large
Connections at Medium or High Voltage shall annually provide the DNSP with its Energy and
Demand Forecasts at each Connection Point for the five (5) succeeding years. The Forecast Data for
the first year shall include monthly Energy and Power Forecasts, while the remaining four (4) years
shall include only the annual Energy and Power Forecasts.

In the case of Distribution Network Users having Generation Connected to the Distribution System,
they shall provide the net values of Energy and Power Forecast after any deductions to reflect the
output of the Generating Plant. Such deductions shall be stated separately in the Forecast Data,
including the projected Energy and Demand to be generated by each Unit in the Generating Plant.

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CHAPTER 6 Planning

The DNSP shall consolidate and maintain the Distribution planning data according to the following
categories:
(a) Forecast Data;
(b) Estimated Equipment Data; and
(c) Registered Equipment Data
If there is any change to its planning data, the Distribution Network User shall notify the DNSP of the
change as soon as practicable. The notification shall contain the time and date when the change
took effect, or is expected to take effect, as the case may be. If the change is temporary, the time
and date when the data is expected to revert to its previous registered value shall also be indicated
in the notification.

The Distribution Network User shall give forty-eight (48) hours’ notice to the DNSP in the event that
the Connection is no longer required.

6.1.5 Distribution System Planning

The DNSP shall conduct Distribution Planning studies and evaluations to ensure the safety and
reliability of the Distribution System in order to: evaluate the requirement of Distribution System
reinforcement projects; assure the requirement stated under the Technical Requirements section
and in the Performance Standards Chapter are met for all the Distribution Network Users in the
Distribution System; and evaluate any proposed Distribution Network User development, which is
submitted (or is expected to be submitted) in accordance with the applications and procedures
stated in the Connection Code
The Distribution Planning studies shall be conducted to assess the impact on the Distribution System
or to any Distribution Network User System, of the Load Forecast or any proposed Equipment
change in the Distribution System or the Distribution Network User System, and to identify
corrective measures to eliminate the deficiencies in the Distribution System or the Distribution
Network User System.

The relevant technical studies and the required planning data specified in the following sections
shall be used in conducting the Distribution Planning studies. The DNSP shall conduct distribution
planning analysis which shall include:
(a) The determination of optimum patterns for feeder development, taking into account
existing supply Points from the ENTSO and those proposed in the Transmission Master Plan;
(b) The development of optimum Distribution feeder configurations and switching controls;
(c) The development of optimum Reactive Power compensation programs; and
(d) The cost effectiveness of loss reduction measures.

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CHAPTER 6 Planning

6.1.5.1 Planning Study Costing Methodology

The Distribution planning studies shall be performed using lifecycle costing methods. The cost of
capital and the discount rate used in such analysis shall be consistent with what is prescribed in the
Regulatory Authority approved Tariff Methodology for the corresponding DNSP.

6.1.5.2 Reactive Compensation

In addition to catering for Active Power Demand, Reactive components of power requirement
should be studied and adequate measures should be taken by installing Reactive compensation
equipment at different voltage levels in a phased manner to improve power factor and cause
reduction of losses.

6.1.5.3 Substation Locations

The location of distribution transformer substations shall be rationally determined with the
objective of containing voltage regulation and transmission and distribution losses within
permissible and reasonable limits.

6.1.5.4 Voltage Regulation

The voltage regulation in the Distribution System shall be maintained at the levels prescribed in the
Performance Standards Code and the distribution losses in the System shall be gradually reduced
over the years to meet the targeted figure set out in the Performance Standard Code.

6.1.5.5 Substation Standardization

The capacity of transformers used in the Distribution System and the layout of bus bars, switchgear,
transformers, capacitors, earthing, lightning arrestors, control panels, station battery, fire
extinguishers and other accessories required for the safe operation of the substations shall as far as
practicable be standardized by the DNSP.

Typical hazards of an electrical switchgear include: electrical shock, burning from arc flash, and arc
blast/shock wave. Standardization is therefore crucial for switchgears. All new medium voltage
(MV) and high voltage (HV) AC metal enclosed switchgears and control shall follow IEC standard
62271-200 or equivalent as appropriate. Existing MV switchgears are expected to be compliant with
old IEC 60298 standard or equivalent as approved by authorised personnel. All new low voltage (LV)
switchgears operating below 1 kV range shall comply with IEC 61439 or equivalent. Older LV
switchgears shall comply with IEC 60439 or equivalent as determined by the appropriate authorised
personnel.

6.1.5.6 Distribution Transformer Protection

Distribution transformers shall be provided with suitable fuses or circuit breakers on the low tension
side for protection against overload and short circuit.

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CHAPTER 6 Planning

6.2 PLANNING STUDIES

The following system studies are expected to be carried out by the DNSP in order to develop the 5
Year Distribution Plan:

6.2.1 Voltage Drop Studies

Voltage drop studies shall be performed to determine that the expected voltages at the Distribution
Network User’s Connection Points to comply with the requirements stated on the Technical
Requirements section and in the Performance Standards specified in Chapter 9 of the ENDGC. It
shall take into account the connection of new Generating Plant Connected to the Distribution
System, the Forecasted Load, and any planned expansion, reinforcement, or development in the
Distribution System.

6.2.2 Short Circuit Studies

Short circuit studies shall be performed to evaluate the effect on the Distribution System Equipment
of the connection of new Generating Plant Connected to the Distribution System and other facilities
that will result in increased fault duties for the Distribution System Equipment. These studies shall
identify the Equipment that could be damaged when current exceeds the design limit of the
Equipment. The studies shall also identify the Circuit Breakers and fuses, which may fail when
interrupting possible short circuit currents.

Three-phase short-circuit studies shall be performed for the most demanding scenario (either
maximum or minimum generation) and for different system circuit configurations. Single line-to-
ground fault studies shall also be performed for critical Distribution System nodes. These studies
shall identify the most severe conditions that the Distribution System Equipment may be exposed to,
and to determine possible constraints in fulfilling the Power Quality standards set out in the
Performance Standards. Alternative Distribution System circuit configurations may be studied to
reduce the short circuit current within the limits of existing Equipment. The results shall be
considered satisfactory when the short-circuit currents are within the design limits of Equipment
and the proposed Distribution System configurations are suitable for flexible and safe operation.

6.2.3 Load Forecast

The DNSP shall annually forecast the Demand for Power and Energy within the area of supply
annually. The DNSP shall formulate its long term Load Forecast taking the previous fiscal year as the
Base Year and projecting the Demand over the succeeding five (5) years.

The DNSP shall forecast Demand using Prudent Industry Practice. In conducting this Load Forecast
the DNSP shall consider:
(a) Energy Sales per Tariff Class, adopting a suitable methodology to assess its trend, taking into
account electricity prices, the growth in population, trends on the national economy, or any
other parameter the DNSP consider suitable to forecast it;

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CHAPTER 6 Planning

(b) Assumed normal growth for non-specific loads, specific and identified loads of one (1) MW
and above and the effects, if any, due to Demand Side Management and loss reduction;
(c) Specific projects, either government or private sponsored (i.e. free zones, large tourist
complex, etc.) that will imply the appearance of new loads in the DNSP’s license or
concession area;
(d) Conservation programs, Demand side management or off-peak usage programs which the
DNSP may be sponsoring, which are intended to reduce the Distribution Network User’s
future Energy and peak Demand;
(e) Public events that may have significant impact on demand;
(f) Expected schedules for Generating Plants connected to the Distribution System;
(g) Interconnection with adjacent DNSP, if exists; and
(h) Any other information under the DNSP’s knowledge that could have some influence in the
Load Forecast.

6.2.3.1 Load Profiles

The DNSP shall create a data base of loads for each Distribution Network User category and for each
distribution substation connected to its Distribution System and update it on an annual basis.

The DNSP shall develop a load research program with the objective of obtaining Distribution
Network User load profile data that describes the usage characteristics of specific appliances,
Distribution Network Users, and group of Distribution Network Users. The load research will facilitate
obtaining the following information:
(a) Demand according to end use at System peak, daily, monthly, annually or seasonally;
(b) Hourly end use Demand for the day of the System Peak, monthly, annual or seasonally;
(c) Categorical diversity or coincidence factors and load factors;
(d) Categorical non-coincident peak Demands; and
(e) Total Energy consumption for each category by day, month, season or year.
6.2.3.2 Aggregate Energy Requirement at Transmission Connection Point
The DNSP shall compute the aggregate energy requirement at each of the Connection Points with
the Transmission System after accounting for System losses. Based on the metering data at each
Connection Point with the Transmission System, the Licensee shall develop load curves for the area
fed by the concerned HV/MV substation. By compiling data from each HV/MV substation feeding its
Distribution System, the Licensee shall develop a System load curve for its area of supply by applying
a suitable diversity factor. By reconciling actual Energy sales figures with the metering data at each
substation, approximate losses in the System may be computed for any period. This data shall be
furnished to the Regulatory Authority as stated in the Performance Standards.

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CHAPTER 6 Planning

If a Distribution Network User believes that the cohesive forecast prepared by the DNSP does not
accurately reflect its assumptions on the planning data, it shall promptly notify the DNSP of its
concern. The DNSP and the Distribution Network User shall promptly meet to address the concern of
the Distribution Network User.

6.2.4 Distribution System Reliability Studies

Distribution Reliability studies shall be performed to determine the frequency and duration of
Distribution Network User Interruptions in the Distribution System in order to assure the
requirements stated in the Performance Standards is met. The historical Reliability performance of
the Distribution System shall be determined from the Distribution System Interruption data.

6.2.5 System Losses Studies

System Losses studies shall be performed to identify, classify, and quantify the losses in the
Distribution System and to propose measures to gradually reduce them if technically and
economically feasible. System Loss studies shall be performed to determine the effects of any
Distribution Network User or Distribution development on the efficiency of the Distribution System.

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CHAPTER 7 Operations

7 OPERATIONS

7.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

The purpose of the Operating Code is:
(a) To define the operational responsibilities of the DNP and all Distribution Network Users;
(b) To specify the requirements and procedures for Load Forecast;
(c) To specify the maintenance programs for the Equipment and facilities in the Distribution
System;
(d) To describe the Demand control strategies used for the control of the entire power system
frequency and the methods used for voltage control;
(e) To specify the requirements for communication and the notices to be issued by the DNSP to
Distribution Network Users and the notices to be issued by Distribution Network Users to the
DNSP and other Distribution Network Users.
(f) To specify the procedures to be followed by the DNSP and Distribution Network Users during
emergency conditions;
(g) To specify the Safety Management System criteria to be applied by the DNSP and
Distribution Network Users for the co-ordination, establishment and maintenance of
necessary safety precautions when work or testing is to be carried out on Plant and/or
Apparatus of a DNSP or a Distribution Network User
(h) To establish a procedure for the conduct of System Tests which involve the simulation of
conditions or the controlled application of unusual or extreme conditions that may have an
impact on the Distribution System or the Distribution Network User System;
(i) To identify the tests and the procedures that needs to be carried out to confirm the
compliance of a Generating Plant Connected to the Distribution System with its registered
parameters and its ability to provide Ancillary Services; and
(j) To specify the requirements for Site and Equipment Identification at the Connection Point.

7.2 OPERATIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

This section applies to the following:
(a) The DNSP
(b) Other DNSPs connected to the Distribution System, if any;
(c) Generation Licensees with Generating Plants connected to the Distribution System greater
than or equal to one (1) MVA output or with a single Generating Plant over five hundred
(500) kVA;

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CHAPTER 7 Operations

(d) Others Generating Plants Connected to the Distribution System if so instructed in the
Connection Agreement;
(e) All Distribution Network Users with a contracted demand equal to or greater than four (4)
MVA, unless differently stated in the Connection Agreement.
(f) Other Distribution Network Users, if so instructed in the Connection Agreement.

7.2.1 Distribution Network Service Provider (DNSP)

The DNSP shall be responsible for submitting the first Distribution Asset Management Plan to the
Regulatory Authority after six (6) month of completion of construction work in case of newly
constructed distribution network. In case of already established distribution network, the DNSP
shall submit the plan six (6) months after issuance of license. The DNSP’s Distribution Asset
Management plan shall be resubmitted every year following the submission of the original plan. The
responsibilities of the DNSP shall also include the following:

(a) The DNSP is responsible for operating and maintaining Supply and Power Quality in the
Distribution System during Normal Conditions, in accordance with the provision indicated in
the Performance Standards in Chapter 9 of the ENDGC, and in proposing solutions to Supply
or Power Quality problems.

(b) The DNSP is responsible for providing and maintaining all distribution Equipment and
facilities within its licensed area.

(c) The DNSP is responsible for preparing the Annual Maintenance Plans for the adequate
maintenance of its Equipment and facilities, as is described in the ENDGC.

(d) The DNSP is responsible for designing, installing, and maintaining distribution protection
that will ensure selective and timely disconnection of faulted facilities and Equipment.

(e) The DNSP has a responsibility for maintaining an Automatic Load Shedding scheme to meet
the targets agreed to with the ENTSO as per the ENTGC.

7.2.2 Generation Licensees

The Generation Licensee with Generating Plants connected to the Distribution System is responsible
for ensuring that its Generating Plants can deliver the capabilities declared in its Connection
Agreement.

The Generating Plants connected to the Distribution System is responsible for providing accurate
and timely planning and operations data to the DNSP.

The Generation Licensee is responsible for executing the instructions of the DNSP during emergency
conditions.

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CHAPTER 7 Operations

7.2.3 Distribution Network Users

The responsibilities of Distribution Network Users shall include the following:

(a) Assisting the DNSP in maintaining Power Quality in the Distribution System during Normal
Conditions by correcting any Distribution Network User facility that causes Power Quality
problems.

(b) Ensuring that it’s System will not cause any Degradation of the Distribution System.

(c) Undertaking all necessary measures to remedy any degradation that the Distribution
Network User System has caused to the Distribution System.

(d) Executing the instructions of the DNSP during emergency conditions.

7.3 OPERATIONAL PLANNING

7.3.1 LOAD FORECAST
In order for the DNSP to operate the Distribution System efficiently and to ensure maximum System
security, there is a need for those Distribution Network Users to provide loading and generation
output information to the DNSP. The information, required to be provided by Distribution Network
Users will enable the Licensee to comply with these requirements of the ENDGC.

The ENDGC specifies the Transmission Licensee’s requirements for Demand forecasting for Centrally
Dispatched Generator. This section specifies the information to be provided by other Generator and
the Distribution Network Users.

This Demand forecasting information is required to enable the DNSP to maintain the integrity of the
Distribution System. The DNSP under its Distribution Licence has an obligation under the ENDGC to
provide Demand forecast information to the ENTSO in order that generation output can be matched
with Demand.

Where Demand data is required from the Distribution Network User, this means the MW Demand of
electricity at the Connection Point. The DNSP may, in certain cases, specify that the Demand data
shall include the Mvar Demand.

7.3.2 Demand Forecast Information

Information shall be supplied by Distribution Network Users to the DNSP for the following rolling
timescales is required by the DNSP:
(a) Operational Planning Phase – next year ahead
(b) Programming Phase – twenty-four (24) hours to eight (8) weeks ahead
(c) Control Phase – zero (0) to twenty-four (24) hours ahead

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CHAPTER 7 Operations

The information supplied will be as specified below:

7.3.2.1 Operational Planning Phase (next year ahead)

The Distribution Network User information shall be provided in every calendar year by calendar
week thirty-five (35) to the DNSP during the Operational Planning Phase.

7.3.2.2 Programming Phase (24 hours to 8 weeks ahead inclusive)

The following information shall be provided to the DNSP:

(a) Schedules for the operation of a Generating Plant with output greater than one (1) MW on
an hourly basis where the DNSP reasonably considers it appropriate;

(b) From the DNSP’s supply business, details of their proposed use of Demand Control
measures aggregated to three (3) MW or more (averaged over any hour) on an hourly basis
for each of the DNSP’s Connection Points;

(c) From Distribution Network Users and other DNSPs connected to the Distribution System
whose operations are likely to result in an aggregated change in hourly demand at the
Connection Point of greater than three (3) MW;

(d) Any other relevant Demand forecast information reasonably required by the DNSP.

7.3.2.3 Control Phase (0 to 24 hours ahead)

The following information shall be supplied to the DNSP at reasonable times to be specified by the
DNSP:

(a) Details of any differences of greater than [2 MW] from the schedules of operation of any
Generation connected to the Distribution System on an hourly basis.

(b) Details from each Distribution Network User connected to the Distribution System of any
change in aggregated Demand at the Connection Point of greater than [3 MW] of the
Demand.

7.4 MAINTENANCE PLANS

7.4.1 Maintenance Standards
A DNSP shall, in relation to the maintenance of his Electrical Infrastructure, adopt quality
management and assurance procedures which:

(a) Comply with the laws and other performance obligations which apply to the provision of
distribution services, including those contained in this Code; and

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(b) Minimize the risks associated with the failure or reduced performance of assets; and

(c) Adopt prudent electricity industry practice.

(d) Comply with the directives as stated in the “Final English Draft Energy Operation
Regulation”, as appropriate.

7.4.2 Maintenance Plans and Time Scales

The DNSP shall prepare the following Distribution Maintenance Programs:
(a) Long Term Maintenance Plan; 5-Year cycle
(b) Annual Maintenance Plan
(c) Planned Outage Schedule

7.4.3 Annual Maintenance Plan

Each year, the DNSP shall prepare an Annual Maintenance Plan. Distribution Network Users and
Generation Licensees will provide the DNSP with their maintenance and outage plans to include into
the Annual Plan.

The Annual Maintenance Plan and its proposed outage program shall be submitted to the
Regulatory Authority and to the ENTSO on a year- ahead basis one month prior to the end of the
year.

The Annual Maintenance Plan shall be developed taking into account the following:
(a) The forecast Demand;
(b) The historical Maintenance Plans actually implemented;
(c) The requests by Distribution Network Users for changes in their maintenance schedules;
(d) The requirements for the maintenance of the Grid;
(e) The need to minimize the total cost of the required maintenance; and
(f) Any other relevant factor.

Distribution Network Users and Generation Licensees with Generating Plants connected to the
Distribution System shall provide to the DNSP information regarding their provisional Maintenance
Plan for the next year. The following information shall be included in the Distribution Network User’s
provisional Maintenance Program for its System or Equipment:
(a) Identification of the Equipment and the MW capacity involved;
(b) Reasons for the maintenance;
(c) Expected duration of the maintenance work;

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(d) Preferred start date for the maintenance work and the date by which the work shall have
been completed; and
(e) If there is flexibility in dates, the earliest start date and the latest completion date.

The DNSP shall advise Distribution Network Users or Generation Licensees with Generating Plants
connected to the Distribution System who may be significantly affected by particular outages of
Distribution plant or apparatus, of the dates and duration of the outages. If there are objections
from Distribution Network Users, the DNSP and the Distribution Network User shall attempt to
resolve the problem as provided in Section 3.11. The DNSP shall make all reasonable attempts to
revise the Annual Maintenance Plan to address the Distribution Network User’s concerns. However,
if no reasonable and/or timely alternative exists, the then the DNSP may take the outage despite the
concerns of the Large Distribution Network Users or Generation Licensees.

7.5 VEGETATION MANAGEMENT

The objective of this chapter is to:
(a) Promote public safety in respect of fire hazards;
(b) Establish a standard of care which should be observed when managing vegetation
near Distribution Power Lines;
(c) Reduce vegetation related interruptions to electricity supply;
(d) Establish communications protocol with affected persons;
(e) Minimize the impact of vegetation management on the natural environment.
7.5.1 Applicability

This section applies to DNSP and any other party performing tree trimming or other vegetation related
tasks on or near electric distribution facilities.

7.5.2 Purpose
The purpose of this section is to establish program management requirements and prudent work
practices and procedures for the pruning and clearing o f vegetation in the vicinity of distribution
facilities. To that end, this section sets out:
(a) Minimum standards and procedures for clearing vegetation near electric distribution
facilities; and
(b) Define the roles and responsibilities for maintaining the Clearance Space near power lines

7.5.3 Alternatives to Vegetation Clearing

There are a number of methods of maintaining the Clearance Space. The most common method is
pruning and clearing of vegetation. Other methods include:
(a) undergrounding of electric supply lines;

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(b) Installing tree wire or aerial bundled overhead Conductors;

(c) Alley arm pole line framing;
(d) Selecting power line routes which avoid vegetation;
(e) Installing taller poles to obtain vertical clearance over vegetation;
(f) Educating developers and the community on selecting low height, slow growth
vegetation species for new plantings

Factors that the DNSP shall use in determining the most appropriate options to address the
best alternative include:
(a) Public safety;
(b) Distribution System reliability;
(c) Capital cost of construction alternatives versus ongoing maintenance;
(d) Community Conservation and heritage values and visual impact;
(e) Type of vegetation and its growth characteristics; and
(f) Accessibility to the line/vegetation location for vegetation maintenance crews.
It is for the DNSP to determine the most appropriate method of maintaining the Clearance Space.

7.5.4 Vegetation Management Program

The DNSP shall have a written Vegetation Management Program that applies prudent power line
clearing practices to reduce the risk to the public and maintain the reliability of the Distribution
System. The components that should be included in the program are:
(a) Vegetation management principles, strategy, objective, input, output
(b) Inventory of distribution facilities requiring tree trimming, including the frequency based on
species and proximity to the line;
(c) Defined process to manage and audit the vegetation around electrical infrastructure and
equipment;
(d) Multi-year maintenance cycles;
(e) Annual maintenance plans; including scope, schedule and budget;
(f) Approved work practices;
(g) Targets for measuring performance;
(h) Training Program; and
(i) Community Outreach Plan
The DNSP should have regard to the principles of prevention of soil erosion, and the preservation
of water quality, windbreaks and specific wildlife habitat.

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The DNSP shall submit the first Distribution Vegetation Management Plan after six (6) month of
completion of construction work in case of newly constructed distribution network, or, after six(6)
months of issuance of license in case of already established distribution network.

The Distribution Vegetation Management Plan shall be resubmitted every year. The deadline for the
resubmission of the plan for the Ethiopian fiscal year following it shall be Ginbot 30 of each year.

7.5.5 Practices and Classifications

To provide a consistent and measurable approach to pruning or clearing vegetation near
Distribution Power Lines and to assist people to understand these concepts, the following practices
and classifications apply:

(a) Clearance space

The clearance space varies with the type of Distribution Power Lines installed and the risk of fire
at that location. The clearance space is designed to reduce the risk of grassland fires in rural
areas and the reliability and continuity of electricity supply.

(b) Regrowth Space

The regrowth space required varies with the species of vegetation, the quality of the pruning or
clearing, the micro-environment and the pruning and clearing cycle. Determining the regrowth
rate is a matter of considering the factors involved. It should be assessed with the support of
expert knowledge in vegetation management and following consultation with affected persons.

(c) Hazard Space

The DNSP shall take appropriate action in relation to trees and limbs in the hazard space to
ensure the safety and reliability of the Distribution System. The hazard space will vary with the
species of vegetation and the extent of exposure to adverse weather conditions. The hazard
space should be determined with reference to these factors and assessed with the support of
vegetation management and arboriculture expertise, following consultation with affected
persons.

(d) Pruning and Clearing Cycle

The pruning and clearing cycle is based on practical factors which include cost, local growing
conditions and the anticipated vigor of the regrowth of species involved, coupled with the use
of the land, community values and the utility and amenity the vegetation provides to the area.
The pruning and clearing cycle need not be the same for all areas, but will be determined
according to conditions in a particular location.

(e) Suitable Vegetation Species

In some situations, vegetation cannot be pruned to the requirements of the Chapter across
successive pruning and clearing cycles without destroying the vegetation’s character, amenity

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and utility value or encouraging vigorous regrowth. In the longer term this could cause the
vegetation to become unstable, unhealthy and a hazard to the public and the Distribution Power
Lines. This vegetation should be removed where judged appropriate following assessment of
the vegetation’s Conservation value and appropriate consultation.
Saplings whose mature height will infringe the Clearance Space are best removed at an early stage
of their growth to minimize cost and disruption to the area in the future.

Planting of suitable species by owners and occupiers will remove the potential risk to Distribution
Power Lines and the need for costly recurrent pruning or clearing as well as retaining the amenity
and utility value of vegetation to the public and environment. On public land, planting of suitable
endemic species is preferred.

7.5.6 Important Vegetation

Locations recognized by relevant authorities or bodies as containing “important vegetation” require
special attention. For the purposes of this chapter, “important vegetation” includes:
(a) botanical, heritage and cultural sensitive vegetation;
(b) vegetation of outstanding aesthetic value;
(c) vegetation of ecological significance; and
(d) habitat for threatened species.

Before commencement of pruning and clearing, the DNSP should identify where the maintenance
may be detrimental t o important vegetation. The DNSP should seek advice from the relevant
authorities, for example the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, as well as land care
and community groups as advised by the relevant authorities, to identify “important vegetation”.

Alternative Distribution Power Lines routes or construction methods described in Section 7.5.3
may help to preserve “important vegetation”. The manner in which this may be done needs to be
decided by the DNSP with the support of this chapter. This should result in the most practical
management arrangements and conditions that may apply.

7.5.7 Important Locations

The DNSP shall consult with the relevant authorities on the management of “ important
locations”. For the purposes of this chapter “important locations” contain the following:
(a) sites of historically or culturally important remnants or artifacts;
(b) sites of historically or culturally important events;
(c) sites of outstanding aesthetic value or landscape or streetscape values; or
(d) Sites of ecological significance.

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7.5.8 Clearance Space

The principal determinants of the dimensions of the Clearance Space are protection of the public
from fire start potential and ensuring continuity and reliability of supply. Accordingly, the Clearance
Space will vary depending on the fire hazard category of the area in which the Distribution Power
Lines is situated and factors associated with the type of Distribution Power Lines installed.

7.5.9 Fire Hazard Categories

The risk of fire starting and spreading varies throughout Ethiopia. To establish the Clearance Space
required, Ethiopia is divided into two categories in which different Clearance Space dimensions
apply:
(a) Low to moderate fire risk areas (predominantly urban); and
(b) High to very high fire risk areas (predominantly rural).

The DNSP shall seek advice from the Fire Control Authority as to the Fire Hazard Rating of the area
within which they propose to undertake vegetation management activity.

7.5.10 Factors Affecting Dimensions of Distribution Power Line Clearance

The dimensions of the Clearance Space are also dependent on factors associated with the type of
Distribution Power Lines installed and include:
(a) Line Voltage - The voltage level of the Distribution Power Lines influences the potential for
electric discharge. The higher the voltage the greater the potential hazard, and hence the
need for a greater Clearance Space.
(b) Conductor Type - Insulated conductors reduce the risk of electric discharge. Using aerial
bundled cable or other insulated conductors reduces the necessary dimensions of the
Clearance Space.
(c) Span Length - As the span length increases, the added weight of the line conductors cause
an increase in sag. Conductors can sway with the wind, therefore all dimensions of the
Clearance Space shall be greater as the span length increases.
(d) Conductor Size – The size of a Distribution Power Line conductor affects its weight and
therefore the amount that the conductor will sag. Distribution power line conductors
can sway with the wind therefore dimensions of the Clearance Space needs to increase as
the size of the conductor increases.
(e) Distance along the distribution power line conductors from the pole - Along the
Distribution Power Line conductors the greatest sag occurs midway between the
supporting poles. Therefore the dimensions of the Clearance Space should be greater at
mid-span than near the pole. Maximum Clearance Space dimensions are to apply at the
point of maximum sag.

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(f) Temperature of the Conductors - Increases in the temperature of Distribution Power Line
conductors, caused by weather line loading, increases the sag of the conductors. These
factors are in a state of continual change, so an allowance is made in the dimensions of
the Clearance Space for the temperature of distribution power line conductors

7.5.11 Consumer Responsibilities

The tariff applicable to a Consumer or an Individual Contract between a Consumer and a DNSP
provides that a Consumer shall, at its own expense, maintain safe clearances between vegetation on
the Consumer’s property and Electrical Infrastructure providing supply to the Consumer’s Electrical
Installation.

7.5.12 Notification, Consultation and Negotiation

A DNSP shall:

(a) notify the occupiers of land, giving reasonable notice, before starting programmed pruning
or clearing which will not involve changes to established practice. Notices should be
informative, explaining why compliance with this section is necessary and stating the
proposed time of the pruning and clearing. Where no one is in actual occupation of
the land, notices to owners may be published in locally distributed newspapers;

(b) consult with the owner of land when the proposed pruning or clearing will change from the
established practice for that location and notify the occupiers of the land where the owner
and the occupiers are not the same person;

(c) when the proposed pruning or clearing will change from the established practice for that
location, provide to the owner or, if not practical, the occupiers, a simple written
explanation of the proposed method and extent of pruning or clearing which may include
details of:
1. the use of chemicals;
2. disposal of debris resulting from pruning or clearing; (iii) avoiding transfer of noxious
weeds and diseases; or
3. implementing measures to prevent bushfires from starting.

7.5.13 Emergency Clearing

In emergency situations, the DNSP may remove vegetation which poses an immediate risk in
accordance with powers under Proclamation 810/2013.
Under emergency circumstances, pruning may be undertaken without consultation, but the DNSP
should notify the owner or occupiers as soon as practicable after the removal of the vegetation.

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7.5.14 Disputes
Disputes with owners or occupiers or Distribution Network Users may arise from decisions made
by a DNSP in carrying out vegetation management activities. The DNSP should endeavor to resolve
any Dispute in accordance with the Section 3.11 of the ENDGC.

Notwithstanding the nature of the Dispute and the need to resolve the Dispute in an amicable manner,
the responsibility of the DNSP to maintain the Clearance Space at all times cannot be compromised.

7.5.15 Training
A DNSP should ensure that any of his employees undertaking vegetation management in the
vicinity of its power lines, and any contractors engaged to carry out vegetation management, are
appropriately trained and competent for that task.

Such training should cover the following areas:

(a) plant and weed identification;
(b) management of vegetation waste;
(c) precautions to avoid spread of weeds and plant diseases; and
(d) safe working practices near power lines.

A DNSP should seek advice from the relevant authorities as to appropriate training for vegetation
management.

7.6 DISTRIBUTION ASSET REGISTER

DNSPs shall keep a register of all Electrical Infrastructure and other assets forming part of the
Distribution System, which shall include:

(a) a physical description of each item of Electrical Infrastructure or other asset, including
type, capacity, components, characteristics, and its location in the form of maps or site
plans; and
(b) annual development, maintenance, refurbishment, rehabilitation, replacement, disposal
plans including forecasts of anticipated capital expenditure
(c) Plans for management of critical spare parts

(d) targets for reduction of number of asset failures that affects reliability, reduction of
accidents relating to safety and/or environment, introduction of better technologies,
minimization of technical losses (targets for efficiency improvement), and minimization of
costs.

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(e) the value of each item of electrical infrastructure and other asset, calculated in accordance
with accounting standards generally accepted in Ethiopia in the electric industry.

7.7 PUBLIC LIGHTING

A DNSP, in liaison with the relevant local authority, shall repair or replace an item of public lighting
within seven (7) business days of being notified by any person that such repair or replacement is
necessary.

Data and service performance indicator for street lighting shall include:

(a) Total number of existing street lights by type

(b) Total number not working at the beginning of the reporting period (with reasons for not
working)

(c) Number and percentage to be repaired during the reporting period

7.8 OUTAGE SCHEDULE

Notwithstanding any approved outage plan, the DNSP shall not take any circuit/equipment out of
service at any interconnection without specific release from the Regional Control Centre. This shall
however, not apply under the following circumstances:
(a) If the import or export at each Connection Point with the Transmission Licensee is not
affected.
(b) If removal of any circuit from service becomes necessary under emergency conditions or
disconnection for violation of the Connection Agreement. In all cases the ENTSO must be
kept fully informed.

(c) Maintenance of the Distribution System may require outages that interrupt the supply to a
Distribution Network User or group of Distribution Network Users. In such cases, the DNSP
shall notify the affected Distribution Network Users at least seventy-two ([72) hours in
advance. Longer notice periods may be agreed between a Distribution Network User and a
DNSP. The notification should contain, as a minimum, a clear indication of the zone affected
by the interruption, the interruption starting date, the expected duration, and the reason of
the interruption, including the Plant or Equipment to be maintained.
If the above mentioned notification procedures are not fulfilled, the interruption produced to the
affected Distribution Network Users should be classified and accounted as Unscheduled
Interruption.

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7.9 CONTINGENCY PLANNING

7.9.1 Types of Contingencies
A contingency in the Distribution System may arise in the event of Total or Partial System Blackout of
the Distribution System. A Contingency may also affect a part of the Distribution System due to local
breakdowns in the Distribution System itself or in the apparatus of the Transmission Licensee at the
Connection Point. This section lays down procedures which the DNSP shall follow under such
contingencies to quickly and efficiently restore and maintain power supply to its Distribution
Network Users.

These Contingencies are classified as:

(a) System Blackout (Total or Partial).
(b) Failure of equipment at the transmission Point of Connection.
(c) Distribution System failure.

7.9.2 System Blackout

Total System Blackout is a situation when all generation in the electric power system has ceased
with no electricity supply from External Interconnections.

Partial Blackout is a situation where all generation has ceased in a part of the power system and
there are no available Interconnections to the other parts of the power system.

In case of Total System Blackout or Partial Blackout at any point of interconnection, the DNSP shall
abide by the black start procedures framed by the Transmission Licensee and incorporated in the
ENDGC and ENTGC.

The DNSP shall be responsible for sectionalizing the Distribution System into discrete, unconnected
blocks of Demand. The DNSP shall advise the ENTSO regarding the amount of MW likely to be picked
up when switching on each block of Demand.

The DNSP shall prepare a schedule of Essential and non-Essential loads in order of priority at each
Connection Point to the Transmission System to be picked up during the restoration process. The
schedule is to be approved by the ENTSO and forwarded to the Regulatory Authority. Such schedule
shall be updated continually. The schedule shall conform to provisions of the ENDGC and ENTGC.

The DNSP shall maintain direct communications links with the Regional Control Centre
throughout the restoration process until the System is restored to normal.

To coordinate activities, Distribution Network Users and the DNSP will ensure that there are suitable
communication paths available and that where appropriate senior members of staff are appointed
to manage these abnormal situations. The DNSP shall furnish to the Regional Control Centre the

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name and designation of person/persons, along with their telephone number/s and location,
authorized to deal with any contingency operations. This list shall always be kept up to date.

7.9.3 System Recovery

The DNSP shall segregate its total Demand into suitably sized components to allow progressive re-
energization of the Distribution System from black start Generating Plants. The size of the areas of
Demand of these will be determined by the ENTSO and will be commensurate with the size of the
Generators being re-started.

The overall strategy of recovery will be to re-establish stable Islands of Supply and Demand and to
re-synchronize these islands progressively. Generating Plants connected to Distribution System will
be required to operate under the DNSP directives, to enable the DNSP to comply with the ENDGC
and ENTGC and license/concession obligations.

Where there are no Generating Plants with a Black Start capability within the Distribution System,
the restoration of supply may be substantially delayed while the ENTSO re-establishes the
Transmission System from a restored island or part of the power system. The DNSP shall re-appraise
its priorities in these situations and restore supplies in accordance with the ENDGC and ENTGC and
license/concession obligations.

7.9.4 Failure of Transmission System or Equipment

In all cases that failures exist on lines or equipment of the Transmission Licensee that cause, or may
cause, an Incident in the Distribution System, the DNSP shall immediately contact the ENTSO and/or
the person authorized for such purpose at the substations of the Transmission Licensee and assess
the probable time period needed for restoration and/or probable restriction on load draw from the
affected substation. The DNSP may exercise Demand Control as necessary.

7.9.5 Distribution System Failure

Where a part of the Distribution System to which a Generating Plants is connected becomes isolated
from the Distribution System, the DNSP shall decide if it is desirable for that Generating Plant to
continue operating.

Where no facilities exist for the subsequent resynchronization with the rest of the Distribution
System, the DNSP shall issue an instruction to the Generation Licensee to disconnect its Generating
Plants to enable the Island Grid to be reconnected to the rest of the Distribution System.

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7.10 DEMAND CONTROL

7.10.1 Objective and Scope
The objective of this section is to establish procedures to enable the DNSP, following an instruction
of ENTSO, to achieve a reduction in Demand in order to avoid a breakdown or overloading of any
part of the Distribution System in a manner that does not unduly discriminate against or unduly
prefer anyone or group of Distribution Network Users.

This section applies to the DNSP and to Distribution Network Users, which in this section means
Generation Licensees with Generating Plants connected at the Distribution System, and Distribution
Network Users.

7.10.2 Methods of Demand Control

The term “Demand Control” is used to describe any or all of these methods of achieving a Demand
Reduction:
(a) Voluntary Distribution Network User Demand Management initiated by DNSP;
(b) Automatic under frequency load shedding;
(c) Distribution Network User Demand reduction including Voltage Reduction;
(d) Emergency manual deep load shedding of Distribution Network User Demand

When instructed by the ENTSO, temporary load shedding shall be carried out to maintain the load
generation balance. This may also be necessary due to lack of generation, loss of any circuit,
equipment or any other operational contingency.

Distribution Network User Demand may be disconnected automatically at selected locations in

accordance with the requirements of the ENDGC, in the event of a sudden fall in frequency. Such an
arrangement shall be carefully coordinated as part of an overall scheme and may take into account
any operational requirements or essential load.

The DNSP shall estimate loads that may be shed in discrete blocks at each Connection Point to the
Transmission System in consultation with the Distribution Network Users as required and submit the
information to the ENTSO. The Distribution Network Users shall cooperate with the DNSP in this
regard.

Automatic disconnection by under voltage relay may be used to discriminately disconnect load in
order to maintain voltage within acceptable limits, in order to avoid widespread load shedding.
Deliberate reduction of voltage may be used to achieve a temporary reduction in load Demand.

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In the event of a sustained period of shortfall due to any constraint in the Transmission System
and/or Distribution System, the planned rotational load shedding may be used to share the available
power among affected Distribution Network Users.

In addition, Generation Licensees with Generating Plants connected to the Distribution System may
wish to disconnect, automatically or manually, from the system to which it is connected at certain
frequency levels. Any such disconnection shall be discussed with and agreed upon by the DNSP or
the ENTSO, as required, in accordance with the ENDGC.

7.10.3 Implementation of Demand Control

Deliberate reduction in System frequency may also be used to achieve a temporary reduction in load
Demand in accordance with the ENDGC. Emergency manual load shedding may be also carried out
on the Distribution System if so instructed by the ENTSO.

Where Demand Control is exercised by the DNSP on instruction or request from the ENTSO in order
to safeguard the System Security, then the DNSP is required to respond to these requests promptly
but shall liaise with and inform other Distribution Network Users so far as is reasonable practicable.

Where Demand Control is exercised by the DNSP, either instructed by the ENTSO or in order to
safeguard the Distribution System, the DNSP shall liaise with and inform Distribution Network Users
accordingly as far as is reasonably practicable.

Detailed load shedding procedures shall be established by the DNSP and a detail procedure shall be
furnished to the ENTSO and persons in charge of downstream substations of the DNSP, where such
load shedding has to be carried out. Where automatic load shedding will be carried out using under
frequency relays the circuits involved and the amount of load to be interrupted, complete with
corresponding relay settings, shall be submitted to the ENTSO and persons in charge of downstream
substations of the Licensee as necessary.

In the event of load shedding under the DNSP’s planned load shedding rotations, the public shall be
promptly notified of such arrangements through the media or on a website. Large Distribution
Network Users with contract Demands of [1 MW] and above shall also be notified by telephone.
Essential services such as hospitals, public water works, etc. shall be exempt from being included in
the planned load shedding blocks.

Once an automatic or manual disconnection, either due to low frequency or voltage problems, has
taken place, it shall not be reconnected until the DNSP instructs to do so in accordance with the
ENDGC. Each DNSP shall abide by the instructions of the ENTSO with regard to reconnection without
delay.

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All the Standards and Procedures related with the Load Shedding, including automatic load
shedding, load shedding exemption policies, rotational load shedding and Distribution Network
User’s communications shall be contained and documented in a Distribution Load Shedding Plan.
The DNSP shall permanently maintain and update this document, which should be submitted to the
Regulatory Authority for revision and approval, if instructed to do so.

7.11 SAFETY COORDINATION

7.11.1 Introduction
This section specifies the Safety Management System criteria to be applied by the DNSP and
Distribution Network Users for the coordination, establishment and maintenance of necessary safety
precautions when work or testing is to be carried out on plant and/or apparatus of the DNSP or a
Distribution Network User and where isolation, earthing, and/or some other precautions of the
other’s System is needed. This section does not apply to the situation where safety precautions
need to be agreed solely between Distribution Network Users. The requirements stipulated in this
section r are based on Part V of the “Final English Draft Energy Operation Regulation”.

7.11.2 Scope
The scope of the Safety Coordination section includes regulations governing DNSP’s works, earthing
connections, electrical lines placed above ground, underground electrical lines, and supply to
customer’s installations. Additional safety rules may apply if deemed necessary by the DNSP.

7.11.3 DNSP’s Works

This section specifies the Safety Management System criteria to be applied by the DNSP.
7.11.3.1 Sufficiency of DNSP’s Works
(a) The electric supply lines and facilities of all DNSPs shall:

1. be of sufficient ratings for power, insulation from likely fault current and of sufficient
mechanical strength for the duty which they may be required to perform under the
environmental conditions of installation and operation; and

2. be constructed, installed, protected and maintained in such a manner as to prevent

danger to humans, animals and property and to prevent interruption of supply so far as
is reasonably practicable.

(b) When applicable, DNSPs shall conform to the requirements of ENDGC and ENTGC as
applicable.

(c) When a DNSP supplies electricity to rural community s/he/it shall comply with the rural
networks mini-grid code requirements.

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7.11.3.2 Enclosed Spaces

(a) The DNSPs shall take precautions to prevent, so far as is reasonably practicable, danger
due to the influx of water or any noxious or explosive liquid or gas into any enclosed space
containing its facilities

(b) When facilities may emit noxious or explosive liquid or gas the DNSPs shall ensure that
there are adequate mitigation mechanisms and when work is required on the facility all
doors shall be kept open

(c) When the facility in an enclosed space is protected by inert gas fire suppression the DNSPs
shall ensure that whenever work takes place within the enclosed space the fire suppression
is locked off

7.11.3.3 Rotating Equipment and Other Moving Parts

(a) The rotating equipment and equipment with other moving parts of all DNSPs shall be
constructed, installed, protected and maintained in such a manner as to prevent danger to
humans, animals and property

(b) When it becomes mandatory to undertake a work on such facilities adequate precautions
must be taken to ensure that it is mechanically isolated including electrically isolating
associated motors and the closing inlets of steam or water or other physical sources of
danger

(c) Isolators and emergency switches shall be located adjacent to the machine and provided
with removable handles or locks to avoid unauthorized machine starting

(d) During maintenance, means of motor starting from remote or other mechanical effects such
as vibrations shall be disabled

7.11.3.4 Low, medium, High Voltages

(a) When electricity at low, medium or high voltage is generated, transformed, switched or
controlled the DNSPs shall:
1. Enclose any part of a ground-mounted substation in the open air, containing live facility
which is not encased, by a fence not less than 2.4m high to prevent, so far as is
reasonably practicable, danger or unauthorised access; and

2. Ensure that, so far as is reasonably practicable, there are at all times displayed in a
conspicuous position a danger notice in English, Amharic and the local language bearing
a sign of a skull and crossbones and a notice giving the name of the DNSPs and an
address or telephone number when a person appointed by the DNSPs shall be in
constant attendance and such other signs as may be necessary to give warning of

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danger having regard, inter alia, to the sitting of, the nature of and the measures taken
to ensure the physical security of the DNSPs ’ works

(b) The provisions of item (a)2 of this sub-section shall not apply to any exposed live parts of
DNSPs s’ works which are held at least 4.3m above ground by a support, or any insulated
electric line attached to that support
(c) The DNSP shall take all reasonable precautions to minimise the risk of fire
(d) At ground-mounted substations the DNSPs shall provide fire buckets filled with clean dry
sand, fire extinguishers, emergency exit route and first aid boxes or cupboards. In addition,
an adequate number of gas masks shall be kept conspicuously at accessible locations
(e) At ground-mounted substations, instructions in English, Amharic and the local language of
the area, for the resuscitation of persons suffering from electric shock shall be affixed by the
DNSPs in a conspicuous place
(f) In every manned high voltage generator station, substation or switch station, an artificial
respirator shall be provided and kept in good working condition
(g) Copies of the instructions referred to in item (e) of this sub-section shall be supplied on
demand by the DNSPs at a price to be fixed by directives issued by the Authority
(h) When the DNSPs equipment is exposed to damage from lightning, adequate means for
diverting to earth any such electrical surges must be provided

7.11.3.5 Protective Measures

The DNSPs shall apply protective devices to every system which, so far as is reasonably practicable,
prevent any current, including leakage to earth, from flowing in any part of a system for such a
period that part of the system can no longer carry that current without danger

7.11.3.6 Precaution Measures

(a) The DNSPs shall make arrangements which ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that:

1. Every low voltage electric line shall be protected against danger arising from accidental
contact with or leakage from any medium or high voltage electric line; and

2. Where voltage is transformed no danger shall be caused as a result of a system

becoming charged above its normal voltage by leakage from or contact with the DNSPs’
systems at the higher voltage

(b) The DNSPs’ works shall be so arranged with fusible cut-outs or automatic switching devices
so located as to restrict the number of customers affected by any fault in the DNSPs works’

(c) The DNSPs shall, at all times, take all practicable steps to avoid interruptions of supply
resulting from its own acts

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7.11.4 Inspection of DNSP’s Works

(a) The DNSPs shall take all reasonable practicable steps for inspection on its installations and
works to ensure compliance with this regulation

(b) A record of such inspections, including any recommendations arising therefrom, shall be
maintained for a period of not less than 10 years

7.11.5 Earthing Connections

7.11.5.1 Continuity of the Supply Neutral Conductor and Earthing Connections
(a) The DNSP shall, in the design, construction, maintenance and operation of its system, take
all reasonable precautions to ensure continuity of the supply neutral conductor

(b) No fuse or automatic switching device shall be inserted in any supply neutral conductor
other than that required for the operation of switching devices, instruments, control or
telemetering equipment

(c) When the DNSP is unable to provide TNCS systems the customer shall provide its own
earthing system and for single phase both neutral and phase shall be disconnected

7.11.5.2 General Requirements with Earthing Connections

(a) The DNSP, in respect of its works, shall ensure that:

1. Every high voltage system shall be connected with the earth at or as near as is
reasonably practicable to the source of voltage in the system, provided where there is
more than one source of voltage in the system the connection to the earth need only be
made at one such point

2. Every low voltage supply system shall be connected with earthing system as described in
this subsection (items b and c below)

3. So far as is reasonably practicable, no system shall become disconnected from the earth
in the event of fault

4. No conductor which connect a supply neutral conductor with the earth, and any facility
used in a high voltage system with earth: shall be interconnected unless the combined
resistance to earth does not exceed 1 ohm; or be connected to separate the earth
electrodes unless any overlap between the resistance areas of those electrodes is not
sufficient to cause danger, and

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5. Where the medium or high voltage system is connected with the earth through a
continuously rated arc suppression coil, an automatic warning shall be given to the
DNSP of any fault which causes the arc suppression coil to operate

(b) The supply neutral conductor shall be connected with earth at or as near as is reasonably
practicable to the source of voltage, and subject to sub-section 7.11.5.6 of this regulation
no other such connection shall be made

(c) The external conductor of any electric line comprising concentric conductors shall be
connected with the earth

7.11.5.3 Protective Multiple Earthing

(a) The DNSP shall not connect or permit the connection of, or continue, a supply to any part of
a customer’s installation where the supply neutral conductor is, or is intended to be used to
connect any circuit protective conductor in that part of the customer’s installation with
earth unless s/he is satisfied, so far as is reasonably practicable, that:

1. The supply neutral conductor is connected with earth at a point no nearer to the source
of voltage than the junction of the distributing main with the service line connecting it
with the customer’s installation which both uses the supply neutral conductor as its
connection with earth and is the nearest such installation to the end of the distributing
main;

2. The supply neutral conductor is connected with earth at such points as may be
necessary to ensure that the resistance to earth of the supply neutral conductor: does
not anywhere exceed 5 ohms; and is such that the fuses or automatic switching devices
protecting the high voltage side of any transformer will operate if any fault in it causes
the low voltage side to become charged at a higher voltage unless the high voltage side
of the transformer is connected with earth through a continuously rated arc suppression
coil; and

3. The supply neutral conductor has a copper equivalent cross-sectional area of: in the
case of three phase four wire, two phase three wire or single phase three wire
distributing main, when measured anywhere, not less than one half the copper
equivalent cross-sectional area of the phase conductor at the same point, except where
harmonic content is greater than 10%; or in the case of a single phase two wire
distributing main, when measured anywhere, not less than the copper-equivalent cross-
sectional area of the phase conductor at the same point

(b) Any connection with earth as required by the ENDGC may be made by connecting the supply
neutral conductor of another distributing main

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(c) Any metalwork on the customer’s premises which

1. Is in, or may reasonably be expected to come into electrical contact with earth; and

2. Is so situated such that any person, livestock or domestic animal could simultaneously
touch: any such metalwork, or any metalwork in electrical contact therewith; and any
exposed metalwork forming part of the customer’s installation but not normally carrying
an electric current, or any metalwork in electrical contact therewith shall be connected
to the earthing terminal

(d) The minimum copper equivalent cross-sectional area of any bonding conductor mentioned
in item (c) above shall not be less than:

1. For copper equivalent cross-sectional area of supply neutral conductor of 35 mm2 or

less the minimum copper equivalent cross-sectional area of bonding conductor shall be
10 mm2
2. For copper equivalent cross-sectional area of supply neutral conductor of over 35 but
not more than 50 mm2 the minimum copper equivalent cross-sectional area of bonding
conductor shall be 16 mm2
3. For copper equivalent cross-sectional area of supply neutral conductor of over 50 but
not more than 95 mm2 the minimum copper equivalent cross-sectional area of bonding
conductor shall be 25 mm2
4. For copper equivalent cross-sectional area of supply neutral conductor of over 95 but
not more than 150 mm2 the minimum copper equivalent cross-sectional area of bonding
conductor shall be 35 mm2, and
5. For copper equivalent cross-sectional area of supply neutral conductor of over 150 mm2
the minimum copper equivalent cross-sectional area of bonding conductor shall be 50
mm2

(e) Where the bonding conductor is attached to a pipe or metalwork entering a building that
connection shall be made as close to the point of entry as is reasonably practicable for the
purpose of avoiding the risk of electric shock

7.11.5.4 Earthing of Metalwork

(a) Subject to item (b) below, any metalwork enclosing, supporting or otherwise associated
with a DNSP’s works and which is not intended to serve as a phase conductor shall, where
necessary to prevent danger, be connected with earthing system.

(b) Item (a) of this of this sub-section shall not apply:

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1. To any metalwork attached to, or forming part of, a wooden or non-electrically

conducting support the design and construction of which are such as to prevent, so far
as is reasonably practicable, danger within 3m of the ground from failure of insulation;
or

2. To any wall-mounted metal bracket carrying an overhead line not connected with the
earth where the line is both supported by an insulator and the part of the line in contact
with the insulator is itself surrounded by insulation

7.11.6 Electrical Lines placed above Ground

7.11.6.1 Restrictions on Placing Electrical Lines above Ground
(a) No DNSP shall use any electric lines, wires, cables or supports above ground which do not
comply with this part of the regulations

(b) The provision of item (a) of this sub-section shall not apply for those in a generating station
or substation or forming part of a customer’s installation

7.11.6.2 Minimum Height of Overhead Lines

(a) Subject to item (c) of this sub-section, the height above ground of any overhead line, or a
wire or cable attached to a support carrying any overhead line, at the maximum likely
temperature of that line, shall not be less than that specified in this sub-section

(b) No conductor of an overhead line erected and accessible to pedestrians, urban areas and
road/rail crossing, telecommunication lines and power lines of low voltage up to 1kv shall, at
any part thereof, be at a height less than:

1. for 0.4kv: for pedestrians 5m, for urban areas and road/rail crossing 6m, for
telecommunication lines 0.5m, for low voltage up to 1kv power lines 1.0m
2. for 15kv and 33kv: for pedestrians 6m, for urban areas and road/rail crossing 7m,
for telecommunication lines 2.5m, for low voltage up to 1kv power lines 2.5m
3. for exceeding 33kv but not exceeding 66kv: for pedestrians 6.5m, for urban areas
and road/rail crossing 7.5m, for telecommunication lines 2.5m, for low voltage up to
1kv power lines 2.5m
4. for 66kv: for pedestrians 6.5m, for urban areas and road/rail crossing 8m, for
telecommunication lines 2.5m, for low voltage up to 1kv power lines 2.5m
5. for 132kv: for pedestrians 7m, for urban areas and road/rail crossing 8.5m, for
telecommunication lines 3m, for low voltage up to 1kv power lines 3m
6. for 230kv: for pedestrians 8m, for urban areas and road/rail crossing 9.5m, for
telecommunication lines 4m, for low voltage up to 1kv power lines 4m

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7. for 400kv: for pedestrians 9m, for urban areas and road/rail crossing 11.5m, for
telecommunication lines 4.5m, for low voltage up to 1kv power lines 4.5m, and
8. for 500kv: for pedestrians 10.5m, for urban areas and road/rail crossing 12.5m, for
telecommunication lines 6.6m, for low voltage up to 1kv power lines 6.6m

(c) The values stated under item (b1-b8) above shall apply for 2600 metres altitudes above sea
level; provided, however, that appropriate corrective factors for other altitudes and the
proper implementation thereto shall be determined through directives to be issued by the
Authority.

(d) This sub-section does not apply to any overhead line at a point where it is not over a road
accessible to vehicular traffic and which is:

1. Surrounded by insulation; or

2. Not surrounded by insulation and at least 4.3 metres above ground and connects
apparatus mounted on a support to any overhead line; or

3. Is connected with the earth.

(e) The growing of trees under overhead lines shall not be allowed.

7.11.6.3 Clearance from Building, Trees, and Structures

(a) Every overhead line shall be so placed that it shall not, so far as is reasonably practicable,
come so close to any building, tree or structure, as to cause danger

(b) The Authority may issue directives for the proper implementation of the provision of item
(a) in the sub-section as above

7.11.6.4 Position, Insulation and Protection of Electric Lines

(a) For the purpose of this sub-section an electric line placed above ground which is connected
to any source of voltage shall be considered to be ordinarily reached by hand from any
scaffolding, ladder or other construction erected or placed on, in, against or near to a
building or structure, but shall not be considered to be so accessible during such reasonable
period during or after erection or placing as may be necessary to arrange for the protection
of that line if that was the purpose, or part of the purpose, of the erection or placing.

(b) Any part of an electric line placed above ground which is not connected with earth and
which is ordinarily accessible shall be:

1. De-energized

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2. So insulated that it is protected, so far as is reasonably practicable, against

mechanical damage or interference; or

3. Adequately protected to prevent danger

(c) Nothing in this sub-section shall require the DNSP to insulate or protect any part of any
electric line placed above ground which, but for the provisions of item (a) of this sub-
section, would not be required to be insulated or protected, unless:

1. It has been given reasonable notice of the erection of the building or structure
which would cause that line to become accessible; and

2. Unless otherwise agreed, the person responsible for the erection of that building
or structure which would cause that line to become accessible shall have paid, or
undertaken to pay, the reasonable cost of the insulation of the line

(d) Nothing in this sub-section shall be taken to allow the application of temporary insulation to
any electric line other than a low voltage line.

7.11.6.5 Precautions against Access

(a) Every support carrying a medium or high voltage overhead line shall, if the circumstances
reasonably require, be fitted with devices to prevent, so far as is reasonably practicable, any
unauthorised person from reaching a position at which any such line would be a source of
danger.

(b) The DNSP shall attach and keep attached a danger notice in English, Amharic and the local
language of the area depicting a skull and cross-bones to supports carrying high voltage
overhead lines and placed in such positions as are necessary to give due warning of danger
in all the circumstances

7.11.6.6 Insulators in Stay Wires

Every stay wire which forms part of or is attached to any non-electrically conducting support
carrying a bare live electric line shall be fitted with an insulator no part of which shall be less
than 3 metres above

7.11.6.7 Unused Overhead Lines

Where an overhead line ceases to be used as an electrical supply line, the DNSP shall
maintain it in a safe mechanical condition or remove it

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7.11.7 Underground Electrical Lines

7.11.7.1 General Restrictions
(a) No DNSP shall supply electric through underground lines which do not comply with this part
of this regulation

(b) The provision of item (a) of this sub-section shall not apply for those in a generating station
or substation or forming part of a customer’s installation

7.11.7.2 Protective Screens

(a) Conductors which are placed underground and are not connected with earth shall be
insulated from earth

(b) The protection referred to in item (a) of this sub-section shall comprise in respect of:

1. Joints or terminations of a conductor in a low voltage system, some form of mechanical

protection; and

2. Any other part of a conductor, an electrically continuous metallic screen connected with
the earth, so placed as to ensure that, so far as is reasonably practicable, any tool or
device likely to be used in the vicinity shall make contact with that protection or screen
before it can make contact with the conductor

(c) A supply neutral conductor may be combined in a single device or arrangement with either
or both of:

1. A metallic screen or armouring

2. Other protective material

7.11.7.3 Installation of Underground Cables

(a) Every underground cable shall be placed at such depth as to avoid, so far as is reasonably
practicable, any damage or danger by reason of such uses of the land which can reasonably
be expected when the cable is placed underground

(b) The details of installation of underground cable shall be prescribed by directives to be issued
hereunder by the Authority

7.11.7.4 Underground Map of DNSP’s Works

(a) This sub-section applies in respect of DNSP’s works placed below ground other than works
placed in land under the control of the DNSP

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(b) Any DNSP shall make, so far as is reasonably practicable, and keep up to date a map or
series of maps indicating the position and depth below surface level of all its works

(c) On request by any person who can show reasonable cause for requiring to inspect any part
of the map the DNSP shall provide a copy of the relevant part of the map

(d) Nothing in this sub-section shall require the inclusion on a map prepared for the purposes of
item (b) of this sub-section of information relating to the position and depth below surface
level of l DNSPDNSP’s works which were placed underground before the coming into force
of this regulation where it would not be reasonably practicable to obtain such information

7.11.8 Supply to customer’s installations

7.11.8.1 DNSP’s Works on Customer Premises
(a) The DNSP shall ensure that all its works on a customer’s premises which are not under the
control of the customer are:

1. Suitable for their respective purposes

2. Installed and maintained so as to prevent danger, and

3. Protected by a suitable fusible cut-out or automatic switching device as close as

reasonably practicable to the supply terminals

(b) The standard of construction and installation to be adopted in complying with item (a) of
this sub-section shall be no lower that imposed by sub-section 7.11.7.2 of the ENDGC

(c) Every cut-out or automatic switching device mentioned in item (a)3 of this sub-section on
premises not under DNSP’s control shall be enclosed in a locked or sealed panel

(d) Any electric line which forms part of a DNSP’s works and which is taken into a building at a
point below the level of the ground shall be so installed as to prevent the influx of any
noxious or explosive liquid or gas at the point of entry

(e) The DNSP shall mark permanently the separate conductors of electric lines connected to
supply terminals as close as practicable to those terminals to show the phase of each
conductor including neutral and earth conductors and, where appropriate, phase rotation.

(f) The customer shall take precautions for the safe custody of the equipment in its premises
belonging to the DNSP

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7.11.8.2 Provision of Earthing Terminal

(a) The DNSP shall provide an earthing terminal for use by the customer for TNS or TNCS supply
systems

(b) In TT systems the customer shall provide his/her own earthing means

7.11.8.3 General Conditions for Customers

(a) No DNSP shall be compelled to commence or to continue to give a supply to any customer
unless he is reasonably satisfied that each part of the customer’s installation is so
constructed, installed and used, so far as is reasonably practicable, as to prevent danger and
not to cause undue interference with DNSPs’ systems or with the supply to others

(b) Any customer’s installation which complies with the provisions of building electrical
installation code shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of this sub-section as to
safety

7.11.8.4 Discontinuance of Supply in Certain Circumstances

(a) Where a DNSP, after making such examination as the circumstances permit, has reasonable
grounds for supposing that a customer’s installation or any part of it, including any DNSP’s
works situated in the customer’s side of the supply terminals, fails to fulfil any relevant
requirement of items (b) to (g) of this sub-section shall apply

(b) Where, in an emergency, the DNSPis satisfied that immediate action is justified in the
interest of safety, he may, without prior notice, discontinue the supply to the customer’s
installation and notice in writing of the disconnection and the reasons for it shall be given to
the customer as soon as practicable

(c) Subject to item (c) 2 below, the DNSP may, by notice in writing specifying the grounds,
require the customer within such reasonable time as the notice shall specify to comply with
one or both of the following:

1. to permit a person duly authorised by the DNSP in writing to inspect and test the
customer’s installation or any part of it at a reasonable time

2. to take, or desist from, such action as may be necessary to correct or avoid undue
interference with DNSP’s supplies or apparatus or with supplies to, or apparatus of,
other customers

(d) In any of the circumstances specified in item (e) of this sub-section the DNSP may, on the
expiry of the period specified in the notice referred to in item (c) of this sub-section,

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discontinue the supply to the customer’s installation and shall give immediate notice in
writing to the customer of the discontinuance

(e) The circumstances referred to in item (d) of this sub-section are that:

1. After service of the notice under item (c) 1 of this sub-section, the customer does not
allow into the facilities for inspection or testing

2. In any other case after such a test or inspection the person authorised makes a report
confirming that the customer’s installation (or any part of it) fails to fulfil any relevant
requirement of this subsection in ENDGC, or

3. The customer fails to show to the reasonable satisfaction of the licensee within the
period so required that the matter complained of has been remedied or is the
responsibility of the DNSP

(f) Any difference between the customer and the DNSP in relation to the grounds or the period
specified in any notice of the kind mentioned in item (c) 2 of this sub-section shall be
determined by the Regulatory Authority

(g) The DNSP shall not discontinue the supply in pursuance of item (d) of this sub-section
pending the determination of any difference of the kind mentioned in item (f) of this sub-
section and shall not discontinue the supply to the whole of the customer’s installation
where it is reasonable to disconnect only a portion of that installation in respect of which
complaint is made

(h) Where in pursuance of this sub-section a DNSP has disconnected the supply to a customer’s
installation (or any part of it) the licensee shall not recommence the supply unless:
1. He is satisfied in respect of the customer’s installation that the relevant requirements of
this sub-section have been fulfilled; or

2. It has been determined by the Regulatory Authoritythat the DNSP is not entitled under
this sub-section to decline to recommence the supply

7.11.8.5 DNSP to Provide Continuous Electric Supply

(a) From the time when any DNSP begins to supply it shall, unless otherwise agreed with the
customer, maintain the supply provided that:

1. For the purposes of testing or for any other purpose connected with the discharge of
DNSP’ functions, or

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2. In the case of accident or force majeure or a shortage of generation leading to load

shedding affecting or liable to affect the proper maintenance of the supply

(b) The supply may be discontinued by the DNSP for such period as may be necessary but no
longer, subject to not less than 48 hours’ notice being given by the DNSP to all customers
likely to be affected by the discontinuance; provided, however, that the DNSP may not be
obliged to provide 48 hours’ notice in case of accident, force majeure or load shedding as a
result of a shortage of generation

7.11.8.6 Electricity Consumption

(a) The DNSP shall install electricity consumption meter that meet all requirements regarding
metering performance and accuracy set in the national standard or in its absence IEC
standard or equivalent

(b) Electricity consumption meters shall be calibrated according to the appropriate load
accuracy prior to their installation in customers’ premises and recalibrated every five years
thereafter

(c) The DNSP shall allow customers to choose between prepaid and post-paid meter before
such installations shall install electricity consumption meter that meet all requirements
regarding metering performance and accuracy set in the national standard or in its absence
IEC standard or equivalent

7.11.8.7 Prohibitions
No electrical installation work including additions, alterations, repairs and adjustments to existing
installations, except such replacement of lamps, fuses, fans, switches, low voltage domestic appliances
and fittings as in no way alter its capacity or character, shall be carried out in the premises of the
customer except by certified person

7.11.9 Electric Power Industry Safety Code

A DNSP and Distribution Network Users shall, in respect of Electrical Infrastructure installed into the
Distribution System or any replacement or modification of existing electrical infrastructure on or after
the commencement date, comply with the Electric Power Industry Safety Code.

If the provisions of the ENDGC are inconsistent with a provision of the Electric Power Industry Safety
Code, the provision of the Electric Power Industry Safety Code is to prevail to the extent of the
inconsistency.

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7.11.10 Operational Safety

7.11.10.1 Approved Safety Management Systems
In order to address the need for a Safety Management System specifying the principles and procedures
to be applied at Operational Boundaries to ensure the health and safety of all who are liable to be
working or testing on the Distribution System or on Plant and Apparatus connected to it, will be
established by the DNSP and Distribution Network Users. For interfaces involving MV and HV systems,
this shall include the provision for Control Person(s), a system of documentation and the establishment
of Safety Precautions.

Safety Management System must include the provision for written authorization of personnel
concerned with the control, Operation, work or testing of Plant and Apparatus forming part of, or
connected to, the Distribution System. Each individual Authorization shall indicate the class of Operation
and/or work permitted and the section of the System to which the authorization applies.

The DNSP and every Distribution Network User shall at all times have nominated a person or persons to
be responsible for the co-ordination of safety pursuant to this ENDGC, those persons being referred to
in the ENDGC as Control Persons. (Under the conditions of the DNSP’s Safety Rules a Control Person may
either be at the DNSP’s Regional Control Center or be a person authorized who is at the site or location
of the Connection Point).

7.11.10.2 Procedures
The DNSP and a Distribution Network User relating to the place where Safety Precautions are required
to contact each other to coordinate the Safety Precautions and the persons responsible to assure the
precautions are followed and to ensure that only one person is responsible for any item of Plant and
Apparatus at any one time. The operational procedures shall be in accordance with the Safety
Management System agreed between the DNSP and the Distribution Network User(s).

7.11.10.3 System of Documentation

A system of documentation shall be maintained by the DNSP and the appropriate Distribution
Network Users which will record the inter-system Safety Precautions taken when:
(a) Work and/or testing is to be carried out on MV Plant and/or Apparatus across the
Connection Point.
(b) Isolation and/or earthing of the other’s System is required.

Where relevant, copies of the Safety Management Systems and related documentation shall be
exchanged between the DNSP and Distribution Network Users prior to performing work at a
Connection Point.

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The DNSP and Distribution Network Users shall maintain a suitable system of documentation which
records all relevant operational events that have taken place on the Distribution System or any other
System connected to it and the co-ordination of relevant Safety Precautions for work.

All documentation relevant to the Operation of the Distribution System, and Safety Precautions
taken for work or tests, shall be held by the DNSP and the appropriate Distribution Network User for
a period of not less than one year.

7.11.10.4 Safety Precautions

The establishment of Safety Precautions involves:
(a) The isolation from the remainder of the System of Plant and/or Apparatus, including from
Low Voltage back feeds, either by an Isolating Device in the isolating position and immobilized
and locked or by other means of rendering the Plant or Apparatus Isolated, and/or
(b) The earthing by way of providing a connection between a conductor and earth by using an
earthing device which is applied and where reasonably practicable, immobilized and locked, the
extent of the Safety Precautions required being determined pursuant to the ENDGC.
(c) Safety equipment for wind and solar turbines shall include: (i) Manual disconnect switches;
(ii) Grounding systems; (iii) Shutoff devices. IEC 61400-24:2010 shall be followed for grounding
of wind turbine generators. IEC 61730 shall be followed for PV modules.

7.11.11 Environmental Safety

Site Safety and Security Arrangements shall be made by the DNSP and Distribution Network Users to
ensure site safety and security.

Suitable arrangements shall be agreed between the DNSP and the relevant Distribution Network
Users to provide free and unrestricted access to the DNSP’s Plant and Apparatus at substations or
similar by the DNSP’s personnel or their designated representatives at all times.

Site Specific Hazards; Suitable arrangements shall be made by the DNSP and/or the relevant
Distribution Network Users to ensure that personnel are warned by an appropriate means of
hazards specific to any site, before entering any area of the site. This shall include hazards that may
be temporary or permanent. Where these risks include contamination or similar, suitable
decontamination facilities and procedures shall be provided.

7.12 Security of Distribution Systems

7.12.1 Proclamation on Energy
The Energy Proclamation Part Seven (7) imposes penalty for an act of :

(a) Working without having license – up to 10 years of imprisonment/up to Birr 50,000 fine, or,
both , with working equipment/appliance forfeited.

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(b) Failing to comply with the requirements/conditions/obligations of Certificate of Competency –

up to 3 years of imprisonment/ up to Birr 15,000 fine, or, both.
(c) Damaging Generation/Transmission/Distribution facility –5 to 15 years of rigorous
imprisonment/ up to Birr 50,000 fine, or, both.
(d) Obstructing an inspector of the Authority – up to 5 years’ imprisonment/up to Birr 25,000 fine,
or, both.
(e) Abstracting electrical energy through unlawful connection – up to 5 years of imprisonment/Birr
20,000 fine, or, both.

7.12.2 Electric Facility Theft and Vandalism Deterrent Program

In order to reduce the risk of serious injury, system interruptions and commercial losses that occur on
the ENDS, the DNSP shall develop and implement an Electric Facility Theft and Vandalism Deterrent
Program that establishes plans and procedures for the ongoing monitoring and enforcement with a goal
of reducing the losses suffered by these illegal practices.

7.12.2.1 Performance Measures

The effectiveness of the Deterrent Program will be measured through the Distribution System Losses
Performance Indicator described in Annex A Supply Losses and System Performance Indicators of
this ENDGC.

7.12.2.2 Reporting Requirements

The DNSPs will submit a report to the Regulatory Authority annually describing the plans and procedures
implemented in the previous year and the results of those efforts. This will include the following metrics:

(a) Number of Interruptions Caused by Theft or Vandalism of Electric Distribution Facilities;

(b) Percentage of Commercial Losses

7.13 OPERATIONAL LIAISON

7.13.1 Introduction
This section sets out the requirements for the exchange of information in relation to Operations
and/or Incidents on the Distribution System or the system of any Distribution Network User
connected to the Distribution System which have had or may have an operational effect on the
Distribution System or the system of any other Distribution Network User.

This Section applies to the DNSP and to Distribution Network Users, which in this Section means:
(a) Any other DNSP connected to the Distribution System
(b) Medium and High Voltage Distribution Network Users

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(c) Generators connected to Distribution at LV and rated above 50kW.

7.13.2 Procedures
The DNSP and each Large Distribution Network User (greater than 2 MVA) and Essential Customers
will identify contact individuals in the appropriate organizations and agree on communication
channels to make effective the exchange of information required by this section. In order to ensure
reliability and safety, the DNSP may request additional Distribution Network Users, meeting the
criteria listed above (7.13.1), to do the same. Communication should, as far as practicable, be direct
between the Distribution Network User and the DNSP.

Any communication from the DNSP and the Distribution Network User utilizing the agreed
communication channels, including telephone communications, should be considered to be
acknowledged by the Distribution Network User.

7.13.2.1 Contact List

A list of duly authorized personnel and their telephone numbers and full contact information shall be
exchanged between the DNSP and the Distribution Network User so that control activities can be
efficiently coordinated. The DNSP and the Distribution Network User shall maintain 24-hour availability
for these duly authorized personnel when necessary.

In the case of an operation on the System of a Distribution Network User connected to the
Distribution System, which will have or may have an operational effect on the Distribution System,
the Distribution Network User will notify the DNSP in accordance with the procedures established in
this section.

7.13.2.2 Notification
In the case of an operation on the Distribution System or on receipt of notification of an operation
on the Transmission System which will have, or had, an operational effect on the Distribution
Network Users connected to the Distribution System, the DNSP will notify the Distribution Network
Users.

The following are examples of situations where, in as much as they may have or have had an effect
on the Operation of the Distribution System or another System, notification will be required :
(a) The implementation of a scheduled outage of lines and/or equipment which has been
arranged;
(b) The operation of any Circuit Breaker, Recloser or Sectionalizer or any sequence or
combination of the two including any temporary overstressing, system parallels, or
Generating Plant synchronizing; and
(c) Voltage and Demand control

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7.13.3 Form of Notification

The notification will be of sufficient detail to enable the recipient of the notification reasonably to
consider and assess the implications and consequences arising from the operation on the
Distribution System and will include the name of the individual reporting the operation on behalf of
the DNSP.

7.14 INFORMATION FLOW AND COORDINATION

7.14.1 Responsibility
The DNSP and Distribution Network Users shall jointly agree in writing, specifying the responsibilities
for System Control of Equipment. These shall ensure that only one party is responsible for any item
of Plant or Apparatus at any one time.

Pursuant to the Distribution Planning and Connection Chapters, site responsibility schedules
specifying the responsibilities for ownership, operation and maintenance shall be jointly agreed by
the DNSP and the appropriate Distribution Network User(s) for each site or location where a
Connection Point or joint responsibility exists. This will include Operation Diagrams illustrating
sufficient information for Control Persons to carry out their duties which shall be exchanged by the
DNSP and the appropriate Distribution Network User.

A copy of the Site Responsibility Schedules and Operation Diagrams shall be retained by the DNSP
and the appropriate Distribution Network User(s). Site Responsibility Schedules and Operation
Diagrams shall be maintained by the DNSP and the appropriate Distribution Network User(s) and
exchanged as necessary to ensure that they reflect the current agreements.

7.14.2 Communications
Where the DNSP reasonably specifies the need, suitable communication systems shall be
established between the DNSP and other Distribution Network Users to ensure the control function
is carried out in a safe and secure manner. Where the DNSP reasonably decides a backup or
alternative routing of communication is necessary to provide for the safe and secure operation of
the Distribution System the means shall be agreed with the appropriate Distribution Network Users.
Schedules of telephone numbers shall be exchanged by the DNSP and appropriate Distribution
Network User to enable control activities to be efficiently co-ordinated.

The DNSP and appropriate Distribution Network Users will establish 24-hour availability of
Authorised Personnel via established communications channels.

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7.14.3 Outage Coordination

7.14.3.1 Distribution Network Users Connected at Medium and High Voltage
For those Distribution Network Users connected at Medium or High Voltage and where the
Distribution Network User so requests to the DNSP, these schedules shall identify those circuits on
which Planned Outages by the DNSP shall be notified to the Distribution Network User. These
specified circuits will be those where the DNSP and the Distribution Network User have agreed that
during outages of the specified circuits the Distribution Network User can introduce measures to
manage critical processes or safety aspects. These specified circuits will usually have a significant
effect on the security level of the Distribution Network User’s supply.

7.14.3.2 All other Distribution Network Users

The DNSPs shall establish a comprehensive program for the notification and updating of the status of
outages affecting Customers.

7.14.4 Significant Incident and Accident Reporting

7.14.4.1 Introduction
Where an Incident on the Distribution System has had a significant effect on the System, the
Incident shall be reported in writing to the DNSP of the affected system. This incident will be
termed a “Significant Incident”. Information regarding the occurrence of Significant Incidents
shall be reported to the Regulatory Authority in writing, in the form and manner prescribed, of
any accident or incident causing loss of life, personal injury, major outages and loss of load, or
any other accident or incident causing significant harm or damage to the environment or
property.
This section sets out the requirements for reporting in writing those Incidents termed “Significant
Incidents” which were initially reported verbally and those specified Incidents to be reported under
the request of the Regulatory Authority. It also provides for the joint investigation of Significant
Incidents by the Distribution Network Users involved.

7.14.4.2 Incident Reporting

When it has been determined that a Significant Incident has occurred, a written report will be given
to the DNSP by the Distribution Network User in accordance with this section. The DNSP will not
pass this report on to other affected Distribution Network Users but may use the information
contained therein in preparing a report to a Distribution Network User in relation to a Significant
Incident on the Distribution System which has been caused by (or exacerbated by) the Significant
Incident on the Distribution Network User System.

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A report will be in writing and shall contain written confirmation of the verbal notification given
together with more details relating to the Significant Incident. The report should, at a minimum,
contain the following information, which is not intended to be exhaustive:
(a) Date and time of Significant Incident;
(b) Location;
(c) Apparatus involved;
(d) Brief description of Significant Incident;
(e) Duration of incident;
(f) Estimated date and time of return to normal service, and
(g) Details of any Demand Control undertaken.

7.14.4.3 Joint Investigation of Significant Incidents

Where a Significant Incident has been declared and a report submitted, either party or parties may
request in writing that a joint investigation be carried out.

The composition of such an investigation panel will be appropriate to the Incident to be investigated
and agreed by all parties involved.

Where there has been a series of Significant Incidents (that is to say, where a Significant Incident has
caused or exacerbated another Significant Incident) the parties involved may agree that the joint
investigation should include some or all of those Significant Incidents.

A joint investigation will only take place where all parties affected by a Significant Incident agree to
it. The form and rules of the procedure for, and all matters relating to the joint investigation will be
agreed at the time of a joint investigation and in the absence of agreement the joint investigation
will take place.

Any joint investigation occurs only when both parties agree. The joint investigation shall form part of
any Dispute resolution procedure.

7.14.4.4 Report to the Regulatory Authority

The DNSP shall submit a written report to the Regulatory Authority detailing all the information,
findings, and recommendations regarding the Distribution System Incident. The following minimum
information shall be included in the written report following the joint investigation of the Significant
Incident:
(a) Time and date of the Significant Incident;
(b) Location of the Significant Incident;
(c) Equipment directly involved and not merely affected by the Event;
(d) Description of the Significant Incident; and

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(e) Demand (MW) and generation (MW) interrupted and the duration of the Interruption.

The Regulatory Authority shall have the right to request any information and explanations that it
reasonably sees fit about any incident, significant incident or event.

7.15 GENERATING PLANTS CAPABILITY TESTS

7.15.1 Test Requirements
Tests shall be conducted on Generating Plants connected to the Distribution System, in accordance
with procedures and standards specified by the DNSP (or the Regional Control Center where
applicable), to confirm compliance with the ENDGC and ENTGC for the following:
(a) Capability of Generating Plant to operate within their registered Generation parameters;
(b) Capability of the Generating Plant to meet the applicable requirements of the ENTGC and
ENDGC;
(c) Capability to deliver any Ancillary Services that the Generation Licensee has agreed to
provide; and
(d) Availability of Generating Plant in accordance with their capability declaration.

All tests shall be recorded and witnessed by representatives of the DNSP, and the Generation Licensee.

The Generation Licensee shall demonstrate to the DNSP (or the ENTSO where applicable), the fitness
for purpose and accuracy of the test instruments to be used in the test.

The DNSP (or the ENTSO, where applicable) may at any time issue instructions requiring tests to be
carried out on any Generating Plant connected to the Distribution System. All tests shall be of
sufficient duration and shall be conducted no more than twice a year except when there are
reasonable grounds to justify further tests.

If a Generating Plant connected to the Distribution System fails the test, the Generation Licensee
shall correct the deficiency within a period agreed with the DNSP (or the ENTSO where applicable) to
attain the relevant registered parameters for that Generating Plant.

Once the Generation Licensee achieves the registered parameters that previously failed the test, it shall
immediately notify the DNSP (or the ENTSO where applicable). The DNSP (or the ENTSO where
applicable) shall then require the Generation Licensee to conduct a retest in order to demonstrate
that the appropriate parameter has already been restored to its registered value.

If a Dispute arises relating to the failure of a Generating Plant to pass a given test, the DNSP (or the
ENTSO where applicable), the Generation Licensee, and/or Distribution Network User shall seek to
resolve the Dispute among them according to the provisions in Section 3.11 of the ENDGC.

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7.15.2 Tests To Be Performed

A Generating Plant ‘s production of Reactive Power shall be subject to the agreement with the DNSP
and ENDGC compliance (where applicable).

7.15.2.1 Reactive Power Test

The Reactive Power test shall demonstrate that the Generating Plant meets the registered Reactive
Power Capability requirements specified in the ENDGC’s Performance Standards. The Generating
Plant shall pass the test if the measured values are within ± five (5) percent of the capability as
registered with the ENTSO (where applicable) and the DNSP.

7.15.2.2 Black Start Test

The Black Start test shall demonstrate that the Generating Plant with Black Start capability can
implement a Black Start procedure, as specified in the Connection Agreement. To pass the test, the
Generating Plant shall start on its own, synchronize and carry load without the need for external
power supply.

7.15.2.3 Declared Data Capability Test

The Declared Data capability test shall demonstrate that the Generating Plant can be scheduled and
dispatched in accordance with the Declared Data. To pass the test, the Generating Plant shall satisfy
the ability to achieve the Declared Data.

7.15.2.4 Dispatch Accuracy Test

The Dispatch accuracy test shall demonstrate that the Generating Plant meets the relevant
Generation Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters. The Generating Plant shall pass the test if:
(a) In the case of synchronization, the process is achieved within ± five (5) minutes of the
registered synchronization time;
(b) In the case of synchronizing generation (if registered as a Generation Scheduling and
Dispatch Parameters), the synchronizing generation achieved is within an error level
equivalent to 2.5 percent (%) of Declared Net Capacity;
(c) In the case of meeting ramp rates, the actual ramp rate is within ± ten (10) percent (%) of
the registered ramp rate;
(d) In the case of meeting Load reduction rates, the actual Load reduction rate is within ±10%
of the registered Load reduction rate; and
(e) In the case of all other Generation Scheduling and Dispatch Parameters, values are within
±1.5 percent (%) of the declared values.

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7.15.2.5 Ancillary Services Test

The Ancillary Services test, as specified by the DNSP or the ENTSO where applicable, shall
demonstrate the services in terms of quantity, quality and operational requirements. Generating
Plants providing Ancillary Services shall conduct the tests and the DNSP (or the ENTSO where
applicable) shall have the right to witness the tests.

7.16 FACILITY AND EQUIPMENT IDENTIFICATION

7.16.1 Site and Equipment Identification Requirements
The DNSP shall develop and establish a standard System for Site and Equipment Identification to be
used in identifying any Site or Equipment in all Electrical Diagrams, distribution operation
instructions, notices, and other documents.

The identification for the Site shall include and be unique for each substation and switchyard where
a Connection Point is located.

The identification for Equipment shall be unique for each transformer, distribution line, bus, circuit
breaker, disconnect switch, grounding switch, Capacitor Bank, Shunt Reactor, lightning arrester, and
other MV equipment at the Connection Point.

7.16.2 Site and Equipment Identification Label

The DNSP shall develop and establish a standard labeling nomenclature, which specifies the
dimension, sizes of characters, and colures of labels, to identify the Sites and Equipment.

7.16.3 Signage and Labeling

The DNSP and the Distribution Network User shall be responsible for the provision and installation of a
clear and unambiguous label showing the Site and Equipment Identification for their respective System.

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8 METERING

8.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

8.1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this Distribution Metering Chapter is:

(a) To specify the technical and operational criteria, including the procedures to be complied
with by the DNSP in carrying out its obligation to provide metering services to Distribution
Network User Customers at each Metering Point.

(b) To specify the ownership of the Metering Equipment for the Generation Licensee.

8.1.2 Applicability
The Distribution Metering Chapter applies to the following:
(a) DNSP
(b) Distribution Network Users connected to or seeking connection to, the Distribution System.

(c) Embedded Generating Plants connected to the Distribution Network.

The DNSP shall:

(a) Own, install, verify, operate, maintain, inspect and replace all Metering Systems at Metering
Points on the Distribution System, except Metering Systems situated at Connection Points to the
Transmission System and at Embedded Generators.
(b) Ensure that each Metering System installed on its Distribution System meets the
performance, functional and technical requirements set out in this Distribution Metering Code;
(c) Ensure that each Metering System installed on its Distribution System is certified where so
required by the Regulatory Authority, is in working condition and has been tested for accuracy;
(d) Retrieve data from each Metering System installed on its Distribution System for the
purposes of billing and settlement;
(e) Process data retrieved from each Metering System installed on its Distribution System for
the purposes of billing and settlement; and
(f) Shall notify the Regulatory Authority of all Metering Systems where the DNSP cannot comply
with the Distribution Metering requirements.
(g) Fully implement Net Metering systems, as appropriate.

The Generation Licensee shall:

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(a) In accordance with Prudent Operating Practice, supply and install the Main Metering
equipment and the Check Metering. The Generating Plant in conjunction with the DNSP also
shall test and commission the Main Metering equipment and the Check Metering.

(b) Thereafter, the Generating Plant shall transfer to the DNSP as beneficial owner (and without
any encumbrances) all rights, title and interest in the Check Metering equipment (together with
all warranties and guarantees applicable thereto) and;

(c) Upon such transfer the DNSP shall own and maintain the Check Metering equipment while
the Generation Licensee shall own and maintain the Main Metering equipment.

For the metering between transmission and distribution lines, the TNSP shall own and place the
Main Meters on the outgoing lines on all HV substations. The DNSP shall own and place Check
Meters on the distribution lines as close as possible to where the DNSP ownership begins. Each
entity/owner of the respective meters shall be responsible for their meters and perform the role of
the Transmission Metering Administrator (TMA). Each entity/owner shall be responsible for
providing the other party with all information required to enable performance of its metering
duties.

8.2 OBLIGATIONS
8.2.1 Installation and Replacement of Metering Equipment
The installation of Metering Equipment shall be in accordance with the technical requirements of
the DNSP.

The DNSP may replace Metering Equipment for which it is responsible at any time after it has been
installed, subject to the provisions of this ENDGC. The DNSP shall notify the Distribution Network
User in advance of any replacement, unless that replacement is required due to a an urgent
condition.

The DNSP shall:

(a) Assign a unique identifier to the Metering System, cross-referenced to the location of the
Metering System;
(b) Record the date of installation of the Metering System;
(c) Record the functionality of the Meter and the unit of measurement used to measure energy
flowing through the Metering System or Maximum Load, as it corresponds;
(d) Record the identification of the ancillary equipment;
(e) Record any site-specific loss adjustment factors to be applied;
(f) Record redundancy details and sources of check metering data and identification of the
meters designated as the main Meter and as the check Meter; and

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(g) Record the initial Meter register reading;

(h) Ensure that the metering data stored in the Metering System is retrieved and, where a
meter is removed, shall ensure that a final Meter reading is obtained.

The DNSP shall maintain the following information for each Metering System:
(a) Location of the Metering System;
(b) A record of any malfunction of the Metering System including any test results and of repairs
made to the Metering System; and
(c) Documentation of Meter testing prior to installation.

The DNSP shall, on request, make the information available for each Metering System to:
(a) The Distribution Network User;
(b) The Regulatory Authority.

8.3 STANDARD METERING SYSTEMS

Each Metering Point shall be situated as close as is reasonably practicable to the relevant Connection
Point.

Prior to the installation of any Meter or Current Transformers and Voltage Transformers that form
part of a Metering System, such Metering Equipment shall be:
(a) Submitted by the DNSP to a laboratory for testing and certification; or
(b) Received by the DNSP directly from a manufacturer with a test certificate endorsed by an
independent laboratory.

Copies of all test certificates shall be retained by the DNSP for the Metering Equipment that is in
service and for Metering Equipment that is no longer in use for a minimum period of six years. The
DNSP shall produce these certificates upon notice from the Regulatory Authority.

No Metering Equipment shall be certified unless the DNSP has received the relevant test certificates
from the relevant accredited laboratory or manufacturer.

8.3.1 Standard Medium Voltage Metering Systems

(a) Shall contain a Meter or more than one Meter, each of which complies with the ENDGC
Metering standards;
(b) Shall record Active Energy (kWh);
(c) Shall record Reactive Energy (kVArh);
(d) Shall record Maximum Load in the cases the applicable tariffs specifies that; and
(e) Shall have metering Current Transformers and Voltage Transformers that are tested and
certified.

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The rated short-duration current rating shall not be less than:

1. 25kA for 3 seconds for MV Metering Points above 6.6kV; or
2. 20kA for 3 seconds for MV Metering Points at 6.6kV and below.

For each circuit, metering Voltage Transformers of accuracy class 1.0 with 110 volts secondary
voltage and 100VA burden per phase for star-star connection or 180VA burden per phase for ‘V’
connection shall be provided.

8.3.2 Standard Low Voltage Metering Systems

(a) Shall contain a Meter or more than one Meter, each of which complies with the ENDGC
Metering standards, being either 1-phase, 2-wire or 3-phase, 4-wire type of accuracy class
2.0 and metering Current Transformers, where applicable, of accuracy class 0.5 with 5
amperes secondary current and 5VA burden.;
(b) Shall record Active Energy (kWh);
(c) May record Reactive Energy (kVArh);
(d) Shall record Maximum Load in the cases the applicable tariffs specifies that;
(e) Shall contain, where necessary, metering Current Transformers provided by the DNSP that
are tested and certified; and
(f) Shall contain a suitable facility (including all necessary pre-wiring), provided by the DNSP, in
which to house the Metering System.

8.4 ALTERNATIVES TO STANDARD METERING SYSTEMS

Upon request of a Distribution Network User, the DNSP may arrange for a Metering System to install
a Check Meter, or to contain features or equipment in addition to those specified in this Distribution
Metering Chapter, provided that:
(a) The Distribution Network User agrees to pay the full costs of the additional features or
equipment, including the costs of installation, operation, maintenance, repairs and
replacement; and
(b) The additional features or equipment are compatible with the rest of the Metering System
and do not lead to any degradation of the capability of the Metering System that would
cause the Metering System to fail to meet any standards contained in the ENDGC.

8.5 FAULTY METERING EQUIPMENT

A Metering System shall be considered faulty if it is determined that any part of that Metering
System does not comply with ENDGC Metering standards.

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If a Metering System fault occurs, the DNSP shall repair or replace the Metering System as soon as is
reasonably practicable and in any event within two (2) working days of the DNSP discovering that
the fault exists.

The Distribution Network User shall use Metering Equipment in a safe and prudent manner and shall
take due care to avoid damage. The Distribution Network User shall notify the DNSP of any damage
to the Metering Equipment, however caused.

The DNSP shall ensure that suitable data is obtained or estimated for the period of time
commencing when a Meter or Metering Equipment becomes faulty until the completion of the
repair or replacement.

The DNSP shall record all relevant Meter parameters for a replacement Meter in that Metering
System.

8.6 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS AND ACCURACY OF METERS

The DNSP shall ensure that the accuracy of each Meter in each Metering System is certified by an
accredited Meter test laboratory and meets the applicable accuracy limits.
The limits of accuracy for the following classes of Meters shall be:
(a) ± 0.2 percent (%) for class 0.2 S static watt-hour meters.
(b) ± 0.5 percent (%) for class 0.5 S static watt-hour meters.
(c) ± 0.5 percent (%) for class 0.5 watt-hour meters.
(d) ± 1.0 percent (%) for class 1.0 watt-hour meters.
(e) ± 2.0 percent (%) for class 2.0 watt-hour meters.

In the event of non-compliance with the required standards, the DNSP shall ensure that the accuracy
of any Meter in that Metering System is restored to comply with the accuracy standards as soon as
is reasonably practicable.

The DNSP shall maintain certification records and test results relating to the accuracy class and
compliance with the relevant standards for the particular type and model of Meter in that Metering
System.

The DNSP shall maintain records of the information referred to in this section for each Metering
System, either in use or no longer in use, for at least six years and shall produce these records when
required by the Regulatory Authority.

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8.7 AUDIT AND INSTALLATION TESTS

The DNSP shall ensure that each Metering System is inspected according to the minimum
frequencies specified:
(a) Medium Voltage : Once every year
(b) Low Voltage, including prepayment: Once every three (3) years

The DNSP may carry out periodic, random and unannounced inspection and or testing of any
Metering System and associated data for the purpose of ascertaining whether the Metering System
complies with the requirements of this ENDGC. The Distribution Network User may request the
DNSP to carry out such inspection and or testing, provided that the Distribution Network User pays
the cost, unless an error or malfunction not caused by the Distribution Network User is discovered.
In addition, the Regulatory Authority may carry out its own unannounced inspection and or test, in
which case the Distribution Network User shall grant access to the Regulatory Authority

The DNSP shall, as soon as practicable, make the results of any inspection and or tests conducted
pursuant to this section available to the requesting party and to the Distribution Network User
associated with the Metering System.

8.8 ACCESS TO METERING SYSTEMS

The Distribution Network User shall grant access to the DNSP to enable the DNSP to fulfill its
obligations. This right of access is conditional upon:
(a) Where practicable, prior notice by the DNSP; and
(b) The production of identification by the DNSP’s staff or contractor.

Prior arrangement by the DNSP shall not be required in respect of routine Meter reading or periodic
random and unannounced audits or when the DNSP is performing emergency metering repairs.

8.9 SECURITY OF METERING SYSTEMS

8.9.1 Statute Law Miscellaneous Amendment Bill
The Energy Proclamation Part twenty nine (29) imposes penalty that includes an act of:

(a) Tampering, permitting to be tampered, or disabling electrical meters installed by a licensee from
recording electrical consumption or giving assistance thereof
(b) Using electrical energy where the quantity of the supply of electrical energy is not ascertained
by meter , or using any electrical equipment or device other than what the individual has contracted
to pay for, or using such electrical equipment or device at any other time than the time specified
(and for which he has contracted to pay)

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The Energy Proclamation stipulates that such offences shall be punished with up to five (5) years of
rigorous imprisonment, or with a fine not exceeding Birr 25,000, or with both.

8.9.2 Energy Diversion Program

In order to reduce the risk of serious injury, system interruptions and commercial losses on the
Distribution System, the DNSP shall develop and implement an Energy Diversion Program that
establishes plans for the ongoing monitoring and enforcement procedures.

8.9.2.1 Performance Measures

The effectiveness of the Deterrent Program will be measured through the Distribution System Losses
Performance Indicator described in Annex A of the ENDGC.

8.9.2.2 Reporting Requirements

The DNSP will submit a report to the Regulatory Authority annually describing the plans and procedures
implemented in the previous year and the results of those efforts. This will include the following metrics:
(a) Number of Energy Diversion Cases Identified and Addressed
(b) Percentage of Commercial System Losses

8.9.3 Meter Sealing

Appropriate seals shall be applied to each Metering System. Seals shall be replaced following work
requiring the removal of any seals. The DNSP shall have procedures for the control of seals and
sealing pliers.

The DNSP shall, so far as is reasonably practicable, ensure that physical access to each Meter
contained in each Metering System is protected by:
(a) Sealing all associated links, circuits, data storage and data processing systems;
(b) Ensuring that the Metering System meets the requirements for the security of Metering
Systems;

8.9.4 Meter Data

The DNSP shall, so far as is reasonably practicable, maintain the security of the metering data stored
in or obtained from each Metering System.

8.10 METER READING

The DNSP shall schedule a monthly reading for all manually read meters.

For kilowatt-hour meters, the DNSP shall verify at each Meter reading that the Meter identification
number on the Meter matches the Meter identification number on the Meter reading schedule.

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The DNSP shall record:

(a) The Meter identification number;
(b) The Meter reading and read date at the beginning of the Meter reading period;
(c) The Meter reading and read date at the end of the Meter reading period;
(d) The cumulative Active Energy (kWh) recorded during the Meter reading period;
(e) Where the Distribution Network User is billed for Reactive Energy, the cumulative Reactive
Energy (kVArh) recorded during the Meter reading period;
(f) Where the Distribution Network User is billed for maximum Active Power, the maximum
Active Power recorded during the Meter reading period;
(g) Where the Distribution Network User is billed for maximum Reactive Power, the maximum
Reactive Power recorded during the Meter reading period; and
(h) Details of any Meter alarms that were recorded during the period (e.g., system outages, VT
failure).

8.11 REMOTE METERING EQUIPMENT

The DNSP shall specify the type of equipment to be used for communication with remote meters.

The DNSP shall conduct such tests as it deems necessary to verify production or consumption
recorded at each Metering Point.

8.12 DATA MANAGEMENT

The DNSP shall:
(a) Maintain a metering data registry that contains usage data for each Distribution Network
User and data required for settlement purposes in respect of each Metering System;
(b) Validate metering data for each Metering System;
(c) Estimate usage when Meter readings are not available, inaccurate, or otherwise not suitable
for settlement purposes;
(d) Apply adjustments to metering data to account for system losses and unaccounted for
energy;
(e) Aggregate metering data for settlement and loss calculation purposes; and
(f) Use reasonable endeavors to maintain the security and confidentiality of the metering data.

8.13 DATA REGISTRATION

The DNSP shall establish and maintain a register that contains the following information for each
Metering System:

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(a) A unique identifier assigned by the DNSP to the Metering System cross-referenced to the
location of the Metering System and cross referenced to the Distribution Network User’s
account;
(b) The date of installation of the Metering System;
(c) The functionality of the Meter and the unit of measurement used to measure Energy
flowing through the Metering System (e.g., kWh meter, kVArh meter);
(d) Identification of the ancillary equipment;
(e) Any site-specific adjustment factors to be applied, including a cross reference to the unique
identifier specified in (a) above;
(f) The existence of redundancy and sources of Check Metering data, where required by this
Distribution Metering Code, and identification of the meters designated as the main Meter
and as the check Meter;
(g) Data for each Meter following completion of the validation and estimation procedures;
(h) Billing data for each Meter following completion of adjustments for losses and unaccounted
for energy; and
(i) The data covering a period of not less than twelve months which shall be immediately
accessible in electronic form.

8.14 DATA VALIDATION AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT FACTORS

The DNSP shall:
(a) Have in place data validation procedures and loss adjustment calculation methodologies;
(b) Where necessary, determine site-specific loss adjustment factors for each Metering System;
(c) Multiply each valid reading by the appropriate loss adjustment factor to produce loss
adjusted production or consumption; and
(d) Shall maintain both unadjusted and loss-adjusted values in the metering data registry in
respect of each Metering System.

8.15 METERING DISPUTES

If the DNSP receives a complaint about the accuracy of metering data or the calculation of any
substitute or estimated metering data from a Distribution Network User, the DNSP shall investigate
the complaint. The investigation shall include a review of all available information, including any
information supplied by the Distribution Network User. If the DNSP determines that there is an
inaccuracy due to Meter error, malfunction or error in the metering data, the DNSP shall take
appropriate steps to remedy the defect, including repair or replacement of equipment and
adjustment of metering data. Appropriate adjustments shall also be made to the Distribution
Network User’s bill. In the event of a Dispute, the Dispute shall be settled using the procedure
specified in Section 3.11 of the ENDGC.

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9 PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

9.1 PURPOSE
These Distribution Performance Standards establish the rules, procedures, requirements and
indicators for the technical and operational performance of the ENDS and for the commercial
performance of the retail business.

9.2 APPLICABILITY
The Distribution Performance Standards apply to:
(a) DNSP;
(b) Distribution Network Users including Customers.

9.3 OBJECTIVES
The objectives of these Distribution Performance Standards are:
(a) To ensure the quality of electric power in the Distribution System;
(b) To ensure that the Distribution System will be operated in a safe and efficient manner and
with a high degree of reliability
(c) To specify Customer Services for the protection of the Customer; and
(d) To ensure that the voltage at the Connection Point of a Customer or Distribution Network
User is adequate for the normal operation of equipment and appliances.

9.4 CONFIDENTIALITY
Unless otherwise specifically stated in these Performance Standards, the Regulatory Authority shall
be at liberty to publish the Performance Indicators and performance results of each DNSP or
Licensee to whom this Performance Standards applies.

9.5 SUPPLY QUALITY STANDARDS

9.5.1 Rural and Urban Customers
Customers of the DNSP shall be classified either as Urban Customers or Rural Customers, according
with the definition stated in the Glossary and Definitions.

The DNSP shall be responsible for maintaining a Customer Service Plan to achieve the service
standard stated in the Customer Charter and Regulation and other service standards accepted by
the Regulatory Authority. The Customer Service Plan shall include standards, indicators, and targets
for measuring the distributor performance against those standards. The Customer Service Plan shall
address: objectives, input, processes, and output of the service, service principle, and strategy.
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The first Customer Service Plan shall be submitted after six month of completion of construction
work in case of newly constructed distribution network, or, after six months of issuance of
distribution license in case of already established distribution network. Re-submission of Customer
Service Plan shall be done every year. The deadline for resubmission of the plan for the Ethiopian
fiscal year following it shall be Ginbot thirty (30) of each year.

Specific items in the Customer Service Plan include:

1. Prompt addressing of commercial and non-commercial service problems

2. Capacity building for front line and support staff to improve information availability
3. Customer handling and service reaction
4. Encouraging customer feedback
5. Benchmarking to meet customer expectation most cost effective way
6. Innovative use of technology
7. Timely service delivery

9.5.1.1 Request for Rural Area Designation

The primary parameters for assessing Distribution Service requirement in rural areas will be
characterized as: (i) estimated demand in kW; (ii) reliability of power supply; and (iii) quality of
power supply. The defining rural Customer in a Distribution Network needs careful assessment
because approach to demand estimation and quality standards for Rural Customers could have
significant impact on cost of service.

When a DNSP considers that due to topological reasons and/or scattering of population on a specific
town or village although with more than three thousand five hundred (3,500) Customers, the town
or village may be considered to be a rural area. If so proposed, the issue shall be brought to the
Regulatory Authority, together with adequate supporting documentation, including maps or
drawings as considered suitable, requesting authorization to consider these Customers as Rural
Customers.

The Regulatory Authority will evaluate the submitted documentation, conduct independent analysis
or studies that can include meetings or hearings with the involved Customers and/or representative
institutions. Based on these analyses or studies, the Regulatory Authority may grant an
authorization for this specific town or village, or part of town or village to be considered as rural,
and the Customers located in that zone to be considered as Rural Customers.

9.5.2 Types of Interruptions

Supply quality will be expressed as a function of the Interruptions to Customers and will be
evaluated using indicators that measure the number of Interruptions and their duration.

Interruptions will be classified according to the affected Customer as:

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(a) Interruptions to Rural Customers; and

(b) Interruptions to Urban Customers
For Rural and Urban Customers, Interruptions will be further classified according to type and origin
as:

a. Scheduled Interruptions
b. Unscheduled Interruptions
c. External Supply Interruptions, both scheduled and unscheduled; and
d. Third Party Interruptions

9.5.3 Interruption Register Requirements

The DNSP is obliged to have a detailed chronological register of all Interruptions that impact their
Customers, with clear identification of start and end date and time. The information in this register
shall be maintained by the DNSP for at least a five year calendar cycle.

9.5.3.1 Interruption Start Time

An Interruption or Outage start time shall be calculated as:

(a) For a Scheduled Interruption or Planned Outage: the time that the first impacted Customer’s
power is interrupted;
(b) For an Unscheduled Interruption , whichever of the following occurs first:
1. The time the SCADA system detects and reports an operation that drops load; or
2. The time when the first Customer call was received to report the outage to the DNSP; or
3. The time the DNSP has knowledge of the situation by any other means. An interruption
begins when supply is lost, not when it is reported. When there is no automatic
recording of the duration of an interruption, the best estimate is to be used.
9.5.3.2 Interruption Ending Time
In the register, the ending date and time of an Interruption shall be the time when service was
restored to the Customer(s).

9.5.3.3 Interruption Time Uniformity

The DNSP shall implement a system and procedures to ensure time uniformity among all the offices
and locations that are involved in assigning times to the Interruptions.

9.5.3.4 Customer Outage Notification

To ensure adequate timing of Customer complaints upon an Interruption, the DNSP shall assure the
availability of sufficient telephone lines and operators to attend Customers´ incoming calls.

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9.5.3.5 Special Cases

The following Interruptions will not be considered for the calculation of Distribution System Service
Quality indicators:

(a) Force Majeure Interruptions

(b) Interruptions due to authorized disconnection of a Customer due to non-payment
(c) Interruptions due to disconnection for illegal diversion of electricity or meter tampering

9.5.3.6 Performance Indicator Calculation

For the calculation of the supply quality Performance Indicators:

(a) Emergency maintenance Interruptions shall be considered Unscheduled Interruptions;

(b) When, due to protection malfunctioning, a fault in a facility owned by a DNSP is not
correctly cleared by equipment under the responsibility of the Transmission Licensee or of
another DNSP, all Interruptions to Customers of the DNSP in excess of those strictly
necessary will be classified as External Interruptions.
(c) The Interruptions affecting a Customer whose facilities are the source of the event will not
be considered for the calculation of supply quality of such Customer. When such
Interruption also causes an Interruption to another Customer, the Interruption to the other
Customers will be classified as Unscheduled Interruption for the calculation of Performance
Indicators.

9.5.4 Performance Indicators

The same type of Performance Indicators will be applicable to all DNSPs.

9.5.5 Supply Quality Performance Indicator Types

Supply quality of each DNSP will be assessed through two types of Performance Indicators:

(a) Customer Performance Indicators

(b) System Performance Indicators

9.5.5.1 Customer Performance Indicators

The Customer Performance Indicators to measure supply quality of individual Customers will be:

(a) Total and average number of Planned Interruptions per month

(b) Total and average number of Unplanned Interruptions per month
(c) Total and average number of Momentary Interruptions per month
(d) Total and average duration of Planned Interruptions per month
(e) Total and average duration of Unplanned Interruptions per month

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(f) Customer Average Interruption Duration Index (CAIDI): Average Customer minutes of
interruption per Customer interrupted per month.
(g) Customer Average Interruption Frequency Index (CAIFI): Average number of interruptions
per Customer interrupted per month.
(h) Total duration of External Interruptions per calendar year
9.5.5.2 System Performance Indicators
The Overall Performance Indicators to measure average supply quality of a DNSP are generally the
following, per IEEE Standard 1366:

(a) System Average Interruption Duration Indicator (SAIDI): Average Customer minutes of
interruption per Customer. As opposed to CAIDI, SAIDI is calculated dividing total Customer
minutes of interruption by the total number of Customers in a given period of time.
(b) System Average Interruption Frequency Indicator (SAIFI): Average number of times a
Customer experiences an outage. As opposed to CAIFI, SAIFI is expressed as total number of
Customers interrupted over total number of Customers served in a given period of time.
(c) Momentary Interruptions Frequency Indicator (MAIFI): Average number of momentary
interruptions that a Customer experiences in a given period of time.

(d) Customer Average Interruption Duration Index (CAIDI): Average outage duration that any
given Customer would experience, measured in units of time.

(e) Customer Average Interruption Frequency Index (CAIFI): Average frequency of sustained
interruptions for those customers experiencing sustained interruption in a given period. The
customer is counted once regardless of the number of interruptions.

All Performance Indicators, except for MAIFI, are calculated and differentiated by:

(a) Scheduled, Unscheduled, External and Third Party interruptions; and

(b) Rural Customers and Urban Customers

9.5.5.3 Calculation Intervals

The calculation of the Overall Performance Indicators will be done by all DNSP s on a monthly and
annual basis. When calculated on an annual basis, the pre-specified period mentioned above shall
be considered as a calendar year. When calculated on a monthly basis the pre-specified period shall
be considered from the beginning of the calendar year up to the month the Overall Performance
Indicator is calculated.

9.5.6 Tolerance of Performance indicators

The Regulatory Authority will assign the numerical values for the tolerances of each Performance
Indicator for each DNSP taking into consideration the characteristics of its Distribution System and
load dispersion in the area of supply.

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The tolerances for the Performance Indicators of a DNSP shall be approved by the Regulatory
Authority in each tariff review period and may be different for each calendar year during such
period.

9.5.7 Implementation of Supply Quality Performance Indicators

The implementation of the Supply Quality Performance Indicators and this Distribution Performance
Standard shall be done in two consecutive phases:

9.5.7.1 Phase 1
Phase 1 will be a nine (9) month duration:

(a) From the date that the Regulatory Authority gazettes the ENDGC; or
(b) From the date of the granting of a Distribution Licence to a new DNSP.

During Phase 1, each DNSP will have the following obligations:

(a) Develop internal procedures and information systems to properly calculate the CAIDI, CAIFI,
SAIDI and SAIFI , and MAIFI Performance Indicators;
(b) Each quarter, calculate and submit to the Regulatory Authority the previous quarter’s
monthly CAIDI, CAIFI, SAIDI,SAIFI, MAIFI Performance Indicator measurements. In
calculating these indicators:
1. The Control Area for the statistical measurement will extend from the
interconnection with the Transmission system and other Distribution systems;
Generating Plants connected to the Distribution system to the low voltage side of
distribution transformers and to the Connection Point of MV Customers.
2. Indicators will be calculated for the whole system without discrimination between
Rural and Urban Customers.

9.5.7.2 Final Phase

At the end of the Phase 1 period, the implementation of the Supply Quality Performance Indicator
process will be in full effect.

9.5.8 Procedures and Information System

Before the end of Phase 1, the DNSP shall prepare and submit a report to the Regulatory Authority
for approval, containing adequate documentation regarding internal procedures, databases and
information systems to be implemented in order to control supply quality and calculate
Performance Indicators in accordance with this Distribution Performance Standard.

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9.5.8.1 Development of Procedures and Information Systems

To comply with this section, the DNSP shall implement the necessary procedures and systems,
including among others the following:

1. Procedures and systems to identify and register all of the Interruptions that occur in its
Control Area of the Distribution System
2. Procedures and systems to classify the Interruptions according to this Distribution
Performance Standard
3. Procedures and systems to determine the duration of the Interruptions

The DNSP shall implement the necessary databases and information systems in order to provide the
following information:

(a) A Customer database with the information to identify all the components of the associated
supply network chain;
1. Consumer identification number
2. MV/LV transformer number to which the customer is connected
3. Classification of Rural or Urban
4. MV circuit which feeds the above mentioned transformer
5. HV/MV substation that feeds the MV circuit mentioned above
(b) Interruption databases comprising information on each Interruption that occurs in the area
of supply of the DNSP, including the following:
1. Date and hour when the Interruption started
2. Circuit or sections affected by the Interruption
3. Type of Interruption (scheduled, unscheduled or external)
4. Cause of Interruption (equipment failure, weather, third party, operating error)
5. Quantity of Customers affected by the Interruption
6. Date and time that the Interruption ended
a. If the restoration is done in phases, the duration shall be different for each
group of Customers restored

9.5.9 Monitoring and Control

9.5.9.1 Audit
At the completion of the phased implementation of the Performance Indicators, the Regulatory
Authority will have the right and the DNSP shall allow the Regulatory Authority or its authorized
representatives to inspect the database and information system in order for the Regulatory

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Authority to audit the process, data and the accuracy of the information. The Regulatory Authority
will have the right to hire qualified companies or persons to perform this activity on its behalf.

9.5.9.2 Routine Reporting

On a semi-annual basis (January and July), the DNSP shall submit to the Regulatory Authority in a
suitable organized manner, monthly Supply Quality Performance Indicator information and a list of
actions to be undertaken by the DNSP to improve supply quality to those Customers with quality
below the Performance Indicators tolerance.

9.5.9.3 Emergency Reporting

In case of an Emergency Condition in a Distribution System, the affected DNSP shall:

(a) Within eight (8) hours from the beginning of the emergency, submit to the Regulatory
Authority by fax or electronic mail, information with preliminary analysis of the incident;
(b) Following the initial information submitted in (a) and up to the moment all Customers are
restored, at least every eight (8) hours, submit to the Regulatory Authority by fax or
electronic mail an update regarding the number of MV circuits and Customers restored and
remaining interrupted by the emergency;
(c) Within five (5) business days after the end of an emergency, submit a detailed report of the
event to the Regulatory Authority, its consequences and any remedial action to avoid or
mitigate a similar incident in the future.
The Regulatory Authority shall have the right to request additional information as necessary to
perform its monitoring and control role and the DNSP shall allow the access to the primary
documentation and/or send the necessary data regarding supply quality as requested by the
Regulatory Authority. The deadline to submit this additional information shall be not less than seven
(7) Business Days from the date of receipt of the request.

9.5.10 Non Compliance with Authorized Tolerances

9.5.10.1 Phase 1
During Phase 1, the Regulatory Authority will not enforce the Performance Indicator tolerance
requirements. The DNSP shall calculate the System Performance Indicators and submit to the
Regulatory Authority the information established in this Distribution Performance Standards in
order for the Regulatory Authority to evaluate the performance of the DNSP.

9.5.10.2 Final Implementation Phase

During the Final Phase, if the DNSP fails to perform in one or more of the System Performance
Indicators established in this Performance Standard, not later than ninety (90) calendar days after a
System Performance Indicator fails to comply with the authorized tolerance, the DNSP shall submit
to the Regulatory Authority for approval a detailed report with an action plan to solve or mitigate
the deficiency. The report shall include, among others, the following:

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(a) Analysis of the causes of the deficiencies in quality

(b) Description of the current situation and the detected deficiency
(c) Description of equipment which contributes in a large extent to the non-compliance
(d) Remedial actions to correct the situation, including immediate and medium term actions
and maintenance) and expected improvements
(e) Detailed Mitigation Plan with the proposed actions and required investments

When the DNSP submits the report, the Regulatory Authority will review the proposed plan and may
request clarifications or modifications prior to approval. Once approved, the plan will be binding to
the DNSP and the Regulatory Authority shall have the right to monitor and audit its effective
execution.

9.6 POWER QUALITY STANDARDS

9.6.1 Definition
A Power Quality problem exists when at least one of the following conditions is present:

(a) The System Frequency has deviated from the nominal value of fifty (50) Hz;
(b) Voltage magnitudes are outside their allowed range of variation;
(c) There are imbalances in the magnitude of the phase voltages;
(d) The phase displacement between the voltages is not equal to one hundred twenty (120)
degrees;
(e) Voltage fluctuations caused by:
1. Flicker that is outside the allowed flicker severity limits; or
2. Harmonics that are outside the allowed values; or
3. High frequency over voltages

9.6.2 Frequency Standards

The nominal fundamental frequency shall be fifty (50) Hz. Although frequency deviations will not be
a controlled indicator under this Performance Standard, the DNSP shall design and operate its
Distribution System in order to assist the ENTSO in maintaining the fundamental frequency within
the limits established in the ENDGC during normal conditions.

9.6.3 Voltage Standards

The Performance Indicator to control voltage quality will be the voltage level. Deviation of actual
voltage level from its Nominal Voltage shall not exceed the tolerance values established in Table 9-1:

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Table 9-1: Voltage Standards

Voltage Level Voltage Range Steady State Change

Low Up to 400 V ± 10 %
Medium Above 400 V up to 33 kV ± 6%
High Above 33 kV ± 10 %
Permitted variation in voltage for low voltage supplies shall be as set out in directive issued by the
Regulatory Authority in the following documents: “Supplies to rural communities mini-grid code”, and
“The interim permitted voltage variation directive” (Source: “Final English Draft Energy Operation
Regulation”, Part V)

9.6.3.1 Voltage Level Deviation

The DNSP shall maintain voltage level deviations within the allowed tolerances at least during ninety
9.6.3.1
seven (97) percent ( %) of the time. During the remaining three (3) percent (%) of the time, voltage
9.6.3.1
deviations shall not exceed 50 % of the allowed tolerance values.
9.6.3.1
9.6.3.2
9.6.3.1 Audit of Voltage Level Adequacy
Control of the adequacy of voltage level to Customers will be assessed through a random/directed
9.6.3.1
measurement campaign at the Customer’s Connection Points. The Regulatory Authority will define
9.6.3.1
the specification to be used to perform this campaign and the duration of each measurement shall
be not less than seven (7) consecutive days.
9.6.3.1
9.6.3.1
During each year the DNSP will be required by the Regulatory Authorityto perform:

(a) One measurement for every one hundred (100) MV Customers

(b) One measurement for every one thousand (1,00)0 LV Customers

In the measurement campaigns, voltage level will be determined as the average RMS voltage during
a 15 minutes period. The DNSP, with the approval of the Regulatory Authority, will select the
Customers to be measured taking into account:

(a) Customers located in areas where voltage problems have been detected
(b) Customers that have presented voltage complaints to DNSP
Qualified staff of the DNSP shall perform the connection and disconnection of the equipment.

9.6.3.3 Remedial Actions

In addition to the remedial actions obligations, when the voltage levels fall out of range, it will be
considered as a lack of efficiency of the DNSP that will be translated in an economic impact in its
allowed revenues.

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9.6.4 Perturbations Standards

During Phase 1 and Phase 2, the following perturbation Indicators will be controlled:

(a) Flicker: defined as the impression of unsteadiness of visual sensation induced by a light
stimulus whose luminance or spectral distribution fluctuates with time.
(b) Harmonic distortion: defined as the sinusoidal voltages and currents having frequencies that
are integral multiples of the fundamental frequency.
During the Final Phase, in view of the obligations of the DNSP stated in the ENDGC and due to
existing reported problems and based on technical and economic studies, the Regulatory Authority
may establish additional perturbation Indicators in order to control other disturbances as necessary.

9.6.4.1 Flicker Disturbance Assessment

The assessment of the disturbance caused by a Flicker shall be measured according to the following:

(a) For disturbances caused by a Flicker source with a short duty cycle, the Short Term Flicker
Severity (PST) shall be computed over a ten (10) minute period.
(b) For disturbances caused by Flicker sources with a long and variable duty cycle, the Long
Term Flicker Severity shall be derived from the Short Term Flicker Severity levels.

9.6.4.2 Harmonics Distortion Measurements

The Performance Indicators to measure harmonic distortion will be:

(a) Total Harmonic Distortion (THD in);

(b) Values of each individual harmonic.

The allowed ranges for flicker and harmonic indicators are established in the ENDGC, and shall not
be exceeded, at the Connection Point, during a time greater than three percent (3 %) of a
measurement period.

The acceptable or compatibility level for voltage unbalance at all voltage levels shall be set at 3% in
accordance with IEC 61000-4-30 as described in the “Quality of Service Code for Ethiopia”.

9.7 DISTRIBUTION LOSSES

9.7.1 Definitions
For a specified period, Distribution Energy Losses are defined as the difference between the total
energy purchased by the DNSP during such period from the ENTSO and from Generating Plants
connected to the Distribution System, and the total energy invoiced to Customers during such
period, independently on whether the energy (purchased or sold) has been paid or not.

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9.7.2 Losses Categories

Distribution Energy Losses shall be classified in three categories:

(a) Technical Losses: There are distribution losses that occur due to current flowing into the
Distribution System, including conductor losses and core losses on transformers;
(b) Administrative Losses: This corresponds to the energy used by DNSP for its own
consumption in order to carry out distribution retail activities; and
(c) Non-Technical Losses: This is the difference between the Distribution energy Losses and the
sum of Technical Losses and Administrative Losses.

9.7.3 Distribution Energy Losses

The Regulatory Authority will determine and approve in each tariff review period, after due notice
and consultation with the DNSP, a target for the reduction of Technical Losses, a target for the
reduction of the Non-Technical Losses and a target for the reduction of the Administrative Losses.
The percentage of reduction approved may be different for each calendar year during such Review
Period. The DNSP shall be allowed to pass through to tariffs and recover from its Customers the
reductions to the Distribution System Losses approved by the Regulatory Authority.

The targets for Distribution System Loss reductions approved by the Regulatory Authority will be
used for tariff determination and as Performance Indicators, and each DNSP shall endeavour to
maintain Distribution Energy Losses below these targets.

9.7.4 Monitoring and Reporting

For the purpose of carrying out suitable monitoring and control of the performance of each DNSP
regarding Distribution Energy Losses, the DNSP shall submit appropriate information to the
Regulatory Authority, in a format as may be established by the Regulatory Authority, the following
intervals:

9.7.4.1 Monthly Basis

(a) Total Energy purchased from the ENTSO and from each Generating Plant connected to the
Distribution System selling to the DNSP, identifying the Connection Point where the energy
enters the Distribution.
(b) Total Energy billed to Customers, differentiated by voltage level.

9.7.4.2 Every Six Months

Semi-annual report on Distribution Energy Losses with aggregated information on losses,
differentiated by:

(a) Categories of losses (technical, non-technical and administrative)

(b) Voltage level (losses at the medium and low voltage level)

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(c) Geographic zones

9.7.5 Implementation of Losses Performance Indicators

Within six (6) months following the adoption of the ENDGC or the granting of a distribution and
retail supply licence that includes Performance Indicators in accordance with the Distribution
Performance Standards of the ENDGC, the DNSP shall submit to the Regulatory Authority for
approval of the methodology and assumptions to be used to calculate Distribution Energy Losses,
the separation into the different categories of losses, the separation into the different voltage levels
and different geographical zones. The proposed methodology shall take full advantage of all the
technical data and metering capability the DNSP has available at the time the report is submitted,
and shall use at least the following information:

(a) Technical data of feeders, transformers and Generating Plant connected to the Distribution
System within the supply area of the DNSP
(b) Energy metered at each transmission Connection Point, connection of Generating Plant
connected to the Distribution System and connection with other DNSP s
(c) Energy metered in each HV/MV transformer
(d) Energy metered in each distribution feeder, connected at a HV / 66 kV substation
(e) Energy metered in each distribution feeder, connected at a HV / 45 kV substation
(f) Energy metered in each distribution feeder, connected at a HV / 33 kV substation
(g) Energy metered in each distribution feeder, connected at a HV / 15 kV substation
9.7.5.1 Transitional Submittal
If at the time of report submission there is a lack of adequate metering capabilities to fulfil the
above mentioned requirements, the DNSP shall inform the Regulatory Authority the transitional
methodology to be used to overcome that situation, and/or the remedial plans to install all the
required meters or to obtain the required technical data.

In addition to the information to be provided by the DNSP on a monthly and six monthly basis,
within the first three months of each year, the DNSP shall also submit to the Regulatory Authority an
Annual Report on Losses, covering the full previous year performance, including among others the
following:

(a) Statistical losses data of the previous year and comparing it with the two (2) previous years.
(b) Main actions undertaken by the DNSP in order to reduce technical and non-technical losses,
with an identification of the cost of such actions and the achieved or expected results.
(c) Feeders, zones or areas were the annual Energy losses considerably exceed the
Performance Indicators, and actions to be undertaken to reduce losses in such feeders,
zones or areas.
(d) Any study or analysis carried out by the DNSP to reduce losses

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(e) Plans for the following 24 months associated to loss reduction, together with the
corresponding cost – benefit analysis.

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Annex A SUPPLY QUALITY AND SYSTEM LOSSES PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

The following tolerances will apply, unless the Regulatory Authority, when issuing a new license to a
DNSP , specifies different values for one or more of these tolerances:

A.1.1 Planned and Forced Interruptions

The Table A-1 shows the target parameters for planned and forced interruptions that should not
be exceeded. These target values are as per the ELECTRICITY SERVICES QUALITY STANDARDS
DIRECTIVE – No. 2/2006, Part Four (SYSTEM STANDARDS FOR RELIABILITY OF SUPPLY AND
COMMERCIAL SERVICE QUALITY – TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION,#18, page 5)
Table A-1: System Performance Indicators for Urban Customers

Parameter Description Unit of Measure Average Target

Frequency of outages caused by Interruption frequency 5
planned interruptions per customer per year
(numbers)
Duration of outages caused by planned Interruption duration 5
interruptions per customer per year
(hours)
Frequency of non-momentary outages Interruption frequency 15
caused by forced interruptions per customer per year
(numbers)
Duration of non-momentary outages Interruption duration 20
caused by forced interruptions per customer per year
(hours)

Note: Average target is based on the fiscal year 2001 target values in the ELECTRICITY SERVICES QUALITY
STANDARDS DIRECTIVE – No. 2/2006 document. Actual performance shall be as per the given target or better

A.1.2 System Losses

ELECTRICITY SERVICES QUALITY STANDARDS DIRECTIVE – No. 2/2006, Part Four (SYSTEM STANDARDS
FOR RELIABILITY OF SUPPLY AND COMMERCIAL SERVICE QUALITY – TRANSMISSION AND
DISTRIBUTION,#19, page 5) dictates that the overall transmission and distribution technical and non-
technical losses of the network shall be below twelve percent (12%).
In addition, the following values for distribution loss reduction, as described in Section 9.7.3, will apply
for the first 3 years following the approval of this Performance Standard unless the Regulatory Authority
specifies different values for the tolerance.
Table A-2: System Loss Reduction Targets

First Year Second Year Third Year

% Losses 2.0 % 2.0 % 2.0 %

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Annex B DEROGATION REQUEST AND MITIGATION PLAN FORMS

B1. Ethiopia National Distribution Grid Code (ENDGC) Derogation

Request Form

Name of Entity: Date:

Contact Name (CEO or delegated

Email:
Officer): Contact Phone:

Signature (CEO or delegated officer):

Type of Derogation Being Requested (Indicate One): Exemption _____ Mitigation _____
If Mitigation: Proposed date by which mitigation plan will be filed:

Date by which the non-compliance will be remedied:

Date of Non-Compliance Discovery:

Date Non-Compliance Reported:

Code Section Title: Code Section Number:

Described the nature and extent of the Non-Compliance (Attach)
Describe the cause of Non-Compliance (Attach)
Identification and Description of the system, facility, equipment, process, procedures or specific
Connection Point in respect of which the Derogation is sought (Attach)

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CHAPTER 9 Performance Standards

B2. Ethiopia National Distribution Grid Code (ENDGC) Mitigation Plan

Name of Entity: Date:

Code Section Title: Code Section Number:

Describe Detailed Plan to Become Compliant, including expected duration of non-compliance

(Attach)

Describe Customer/User Health and Safety Risk Mitigation Plan (Attach)

Description of reasonable alternative actions that have been considered (Attach)

Describe Detailed Milestone Schedule to Become Compliant (Attach)

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Annex C METERING STANDARD

C1. Metering Standard to be Complied with

Standard Type
ISO/IEC 17025 General requirements for the competence to carry out tests and/or
calibrations, including sampling (covers testing and calibration performed
using standard/non-standard/laboratory-developed methods)
IEC 60044 - 2 (replaced Requirements for voltage transformers to be used with electrical measuring
by IEC 61869 - 3) instruments and protective devices at frequencies from 15 Hz to 100 Hz.
IEC 60044 - 3 (replaced Requirements for combined transformers
by IEC 61869 - 4)
IEC 60044 -5 (replaced Requirements for single-phase capacitive voltage transformers connected
by IEC 61869-5) between line and ground for system voltages Um ≥ 72,5 kV at power
frequencies from 15 Hz to 100 Hz. They are intended to supply a low voltage
for measurement, control and protective functions
IEC 60044 -1 (replaced Requirements for current transformers to be used with electrical measuring
by IEC 61869-2) instruments and protective devices at frequencies from 15 Hz to 100 Hz.

IEC 61000 - 3-2: 2014 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3-2: Limits - Limits for harmonic
current emissions (equipment input current ≤ 16 A per phase)
IEC 62052-11:2003 Electricity Metering Equipment (a.c.) - General Requirements, Tests and Test
Conditions - Part 11: Metering Equipment; Plastic Determination of
Temperature Deflection of Load
IEC 62053-20:2003 Automatic Meter Reading

IEC 62053-21:2003 Electricity Metering Equipment (a.c.) - Particular Requirements - Part 21:
Static Meters for Active Energy (class 1.0)
IEC 62053-23:2003 Electricity Metering Equipment (a.c.) - Particular Requirements - Part 23:
Static Meters for Reactive Energy (classes 2 and 3)
IEC 62054 - 21 Accuracy of the Real Time Clock
IEC 62056-21:2003 Electricity Metering, Data Exchange for Meter Reading , Tariff, and Load
Control - Part 21: Direct Local Data Exchange
IEC 62059 Electricity Metering Equipment Dependability

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CHAPTER 9 Performance Standards

Annex D DATA AND SERVICE PERFORMANCE INDICATOR

D1. Distribution Data and Service Performance Indicators

Ser. Data filled Indicator definition To be reported as Data to be

No. presented
Monthly Annual
A Technical
Indicators
1 Supply area Area name Name  
2 Feeder Number of feeder lines and Number of feeder  
substation names and substation
name
3 Distribution A supply point through which Number of 
customer- electricity is distributed to an end customers at the
residential user with a separate account. end of the reporting
Unmetered supplies are included period
4 Distribution See above See above  
customer
non-
residential
5 Length of The total length of feeders including Route length in  
distribution all spurs ( a double circuit line kilometers
lines - high counts as two lines)
voltage –
overhead or
underground
6 Total energy Total energy sold to all customers MWh  
sold over the reporting period
7 Maximum Maximum demand over the MVA  
demand reporting period for the feeder(s)
(MVA) calculated from the nominal feeder
voltage and maximum feeder
current

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CHAPTER 9 Performance Standards

Ser. Data filled Indicator definition To be reported as Data to be

No. presented
Monthly Annual
8 Unplanned Unplanned event causing Cause (% of total);  
outages interruptions to customers (an Total and average
interruption being when supply is interruption
lost, not when it is reported). frequency per
Where there is no automatic customer (CAIFI);
recording of the duration of an Total and average
interruption, the best estimate is to duration of
be reported interruption per
customer (CAIDI)

9 Planned Planned events causing Total and average  

outage interruptions to customers interruption
frequency per
customer (CAIFI);
Total and average
duration of
interruption per
customer (CAIDI)

10 External When, due to protection Total and average 

Outage malfunctioning, a fault in a facility frequency and
owned by a DNSP is not correctly duration per
cleared by equipment under the customer
responsibility of the Transmission
Licensee or of another DNSP, all
Interruptions to Customers of the
DNSP in excess of those strictly
necessary will be classified as
External Interruptions/outage
11 Momentary An outage less than one minute in Total and average  
feeder outage duration. It includes any outage of interruption
an entire feeder (sub transmission frequency per
faults included). Each successful customer (MAIFI)
reclose is counted as one
momentary outage. Reclose
followed by a lockout are to be
included in the unplanned outage
indicator, not the momentary
outage indicator

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CHAPTER 9 Performance Standards

Ser. Data filled Indicator definition To be reported as Data to be

No. presented
Monthly Annual
12 Energy not Estimated as average customer MWh  
supplied – demand (multiplied by number of
Planned or customers interrupted and the
Unplanned duration of interruption).
Interrupted KVA can be used as a
proxy for this measure. Average
customer demand is to be
determined from (in order of
preference): (i) Feeder demand at
the time of interruption divided by
the number of customers on the
feeder, or (ii) Average consumption
of customers on the feeder based
on their billing history, or (iii)
Average feeder demand derived
from maximum demand and
estimated load factor divided by the
number of customers on the
feeder, or (iv) On customer
category basis

13 Over voltage Number of over voltage/under Frequency  

/under voltage events in the distribution or customers receiving
voltage events transmission system leading to at over voltage/under
due to high least one customer complaint. The voltage as % of total
voltage estimated number of customers number of
injection affected by over-voltage/under customers
events (e.g., voltage events is to be determined
from the based on customer complaints and
transmission the Licensee's investigation
system),
lighting, due
to voltage
regulation or
other causes

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CHAPTER 9 Performance Standards

Ser. Data filled Indicator definition To be reported as Data to be

No. presented
Monthly Annual
14 Mandatory Number and average duration of Frequency and 
under- mandatory under frequency load duration customers
frequency shedding events in the distribution being affected by
load shedding or transmission system mandatory under
frequency load
shedding as % of
total number of
customers

15 User Number and average duration of Frequency and 

voluntary load user voluntary load shedding average duration of
shedding events in the distribution or such events
transmission system

16 Distribution Annual distribution network losses  

loss
B Personnel
Indicator

17 Distribution Number of distribution staff per 

staff total distribution circuit kilometer

D2. Customer Service Data and Performance Indicator

Ser. Data filled Indicator definition Data to be

No. presented
Monthly Annual

A Technical Indicator
1 Number of existing (a) By customer category; (b) By  
customers within the service tariff category
area
2 Electrification of service Percentage  
territory
3 Customer complaint a) By total number; (b) By 
complaint issue
4 Disconnection/Reconnectio (a) By number; (b) By reason  
n

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CHAPTER 9 Performance Standards

Ser. Data filled Indicator definition Data to be

No. presented
Monthly Annual
5 Billing log  

7 Average length of wait per  

service hookup
8 Time required to make The amount of time required to
service call respond to service/maintenance
demands
B Personnel Indicator
Number of employees (a) Per customer; (b) Per 
kilowatt-hour

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CHAPTER 9 Performance Standards

Annex E REVISION LOG

Chapter Comments Page Action Taken Date of

Action

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CHAPTER 9 Performance Standards

Chapter Comments Page Action Taken Date of

Action

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