PESHELLTILIZER: A STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS of BANANA (musa acuminate) PEEL

and EGG SHELLS as ORGANIC FERTILIZER on EGGPLANT.

1. Introduction Waste banana peel and waste egg shell were

combined to produce bio-mulching film, a
Technically, like every living thing, plants
new innovation in the agricultural industry.
also need food for their growth and
Bio-mulching film is a biodegradable plastic
development. Every plant has a different
film that can help in increasing the moisture
range of nutrient requirements. Low soil
content of soil and improving the soil
fertility seems to be a major hindrance
ingredients in order to make the plants grow
affecting irrigate germination percentage.
well. This might be helpful to some farmers
Fertilization can help maintain soil fertility,
or Plantitas and Plantitos because the plants
but the producer must first understand the
will grow faster in just a few and it is easy to
nutritional problem(s) in order to make a
get fertilizer.
tremendous fertilizer with alternatives in
terms of sorts and rates. Soil pH indirectly Banana peels contain 42 percent potassium
affects the nutrient availability and toxicity (abbreviated to its scientific name K), one of
of the soil. Generally, soil pH ranges from the three principal components of fertilizer,
6.0 to 7.5, which is acceptable for most together with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus
plants as nutrients. A single plant requires a (P), and are displayed on fertilizer labels as
total of 16 essential nutrients. The plant NPK. Banana peels are ideal for gardens.
receives carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen from Banana peels, in fact, have the richest
the atmosphere and soil water. The organic sources of potassium.
remaining required elements are nitrogen,
The shell of a chicken egg is composed of
phosphorus, potassium, calcium,
about 96% calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
magnesium, sulfur, iron, zinc, manganese,
Calcium is an essential plant nutrient and
copper, boron, molybdenum, and chlorine.
moderates soil acidity. Fast-growing plants
Soil minerals, or organic fertilizer, are
deplete the soil of calcium very quickly so
supplied to plants to maintain a constant
egg shells are an ideal supplement and feed
level of nutrition in the soil; it is one of the
for outdoor flowers, vegetables and fruit
main sources of nutrition in the soil.
trees in your garden.
The banana is the most popular fruit among
According to Sagar Sreekumar Nair (2019),
Filipinos. This is a fruit high in potassium,
this study explores the use of eggshell and
phosphorus, and magnesium, which are all
fruit peels as fertilizers for plant growth. By
macronutrients found in soil. Bananas are
analyzing the carbon, nitrogen, and
rich in many nutrients and can be
hydrogen content of eggshell powder and
reprocessed into sustainable resources for a
fruit peels, the researchers found that sweet
range of products. This study contributes to
lime peel powder had a higher nitrogen and
a better understanding of where and how
carbon content, while banana peel powder
banana peels can sometimes be leveraged to
had a higher hydrogen content.
manufacture mixed-Nano bio arousing
fertilizers.

Jose V. Yap National High School Science, Technology, and Engineering 2024
PESHELLTILIZER: A STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS of BANANA (musa acuminate) PEEL
and EGG SHELLS as ORGANIC FERTILIZER on EGGPLANT.

The study suggests that these organic loosening and hydrolase activation, thus
materials can be used as fertilizers without promoting cell growth.
cost, as they are collected from household Nitrogen is biologically combined with
waste. This suggests that eggshell and fruit Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Sulphur to
peels can be a cost-effective alternative to create amino acids, which are the building
traditional fertilizers. blocks of proteins. Nitrogen plays a vital
role in the process of photosynthesis.
According to Bambang Heri Isnawan an
Nitrogen plays a key role in agriculture by
agricultural expert (2021), there are useful
increasing crop production and also
nutrients in banana peels for other plants. It
improving food quality. A single eggshell
can be a potassium source to other plants.
contains 2.07 ± 0.18 g of Ca. Eggshells
The banana peel which has been considered
contain 39.15 percent calcium, 0.4 percent
as rubbish and smelly contains nutrients or
nitrogen and 0.38 percent magnesium.
other beneficial compounds for other plants.
Banana peels contain 15% potassium and Calcium is crucial for plant growth and
2% higher phosphorus than the banana flesh. development, regulating metabolic processes
and biochemical functions. It plays a major
Potassium enhances the movement of role in cell wall membrane formation and
nutrients and water between cells in plants. reduces soil acidity, indirectly improving
Potassium strengthens the stems of plants crop production.
and also protects them from illness. It's
highly crucial for making flowers, and it Basically, hydrogen comes from solid water
also accelerates the flavor of fruits (and and is converted into hydrogen gas and
berries!). Potassium will also make your oxygen. Hydrogen is required in the form of
plants more drought resistant. Plants take carbon photosynthesis. Hydrogen plays an
time to develop if they don't have enough important role in the development of the
potassium. It even boosts the amount of plant. Organic carbon releases nutrition for
protein in your plants. plant growth and promotes the structure,
biological, and physical health of the soil.
Potassium plays a vital role in nitrogen Carbon is one of the main building blocks of
metabolism, while nitrogen is one of the plants and boosts their growth and
most required minerals in plant growth. development.
Potassium is the most abundant inorganic,
In essence, potassium is more beneficial to
and it is important for ensuring optimal plant
plants that produce fruit and flowers, such as
growth. According to Oosterhuis et al. In
rose bushes and fruit trees, than to plants
terms of the growth-promoting mechanism
that produce leaves, such as spinach, lettuce,
of potassium, it is generally agreed that it
and Swiss chard.
stimulates and controls ATPase in the
plasma membrane to generate acid
Excessive nitrogen causes “luxuriant”
stimulation, which then triggers cell wall
growth, which results in the plant being

Jose V. Yap National High School Science, Technology, and Engineering 2024
PESHELLTILIZER: A STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS of BANANA (musa acuminate) PEEL
and EGG SHELLS as ORGANIC FERTILIZER on EGGPLANT.

attracted to insects, bugs, diseases, and most famous common fruits among people
pathogens. of every age.
Excessive growth can also reduce stem
Enjoyed in their various forms, bananas are
strength, resulting in lodging during
eaten raw, accompanied with desserts, added
flowering and grain filling. This has various
to smoothies, and consumed in many other
negative implications for the environment
ways too.
and lowers farm profits.

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L) is one of

Fruit quality and yield can be reduced by the
the important Asian Vegetables grown in
application of excess nitrogen. Excess
Kenya for export market. As might be
nitrogen can kill small roots and increase
expected with a crop of such promising
plants susceptibility to damage by root-
potentials, effort to improve its productivity
feeding nematodes and root decay
should be emphasized. Among improvement
pathogens. They even include traces of
possibilities, the nutritional requirements
magnesium and sulfur, two chemicals that
play a major role. Nitrogen, Phosphorus and
are poisonous to humans.
Potassium are major essential elements
required for physiological mechanisms of
According to a publication by Jamal
plant growth.
Mohamed (2021). Bio-plastics have
emerged as a promising substitute for Eggplant is a vegetable that can be
traditional plastics because they are processed by frying, boiling, sautéing, or
biodegradable, more sustainable, non-toxic, consumed in its raw form. From 2012 to
eco-friendly, and less harmful to biotic and 2017, there was an increase of an average of
abiotic factors. 9.38 tons/hectare. In 2009, the amount
This study focuses on the characterization increased to 10.59 tons/hectare with a
and utilization of banana peels and eggshells harvest area of 50.875 hectares. Eggplants
in the production of bioplastics. By grow into large, stately plants that need
repurposing these common waste materials, plenty of elbow room. In containers, plant
we can create bioplastics that not only one per 18 to 24 inch container. Before
address the issue of plastic pollution but also fruits form, stake the stems to provide extra
contribute to a circular economy by late-season support. Eggplant harvested at
recycling organic waste. This approach the right time will have hard flesh and small
aligns with sustainability goals and reduces seeds.
the impact on ecosystems and biodiversity.

In the Philippines, Saba bananas have

exceptionally huge, sturdy pseudo-stems
that can reach heights of 20 to 30 feet (6.1 to
9.1 m). The trunk can grow up to 3 feet in
diameter (0.91 m). Bananas are one of the

Jose V. Yap National High School Science, Technology, and Engineering 2024
PESHELLTILIZER: A STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS of BANANA (musa acuminate) PEEL
and EGG SHELLS as ORGANIC FERTILIZER on EGGPLANT.

2. Methodology

The Researcher’s product experiment is to

produce a product from household food
waste and turn it into an eco-friendly
organic fertilizer.
1.1 Statement of the problem

Organic waste is generated daily which can

This study aims to determine the potential of
be collected from household, vendor,
Saba banana peels and eggshells as soil
Restaurants and hotels Organic waste is
fertilizers for eggplant. This study aims to
mainly found to be useful in the agriculture
answer the following questions:
field. Organic waste becomes one of the
1. What are the effects of nutrients found in main sources for nutrition for agriculture
Saba banana peels and egg shells? field.

2. How effective and reliable are the Saba Eggshell and Fruit peels can improve the
banana peels and egg shells as soil fertilizer stiffness of soil and provide good resistance
on eggplant? to erosion. The Saba banana peels are
collected from a banana cue vendor in
3. What are the advantages and Sapang Tagalog, Tarlac City. The egg shells
disadvantages of using eggshells and banana are collected from household waste and the
peels from Saba as environmental soil school canteen.
fertilizer?
The Researchers will conduct a product
1.2 Objectives testing by using the PeShellTilizer on
Eggplant, and giving away samples to Jose
1. To provide sustainable and budget-
V. Yap National High School.
friendly alternatives for small-scale and
limited agricultural products.

2. To investigate the efficacy of using a

mixture of banana peel and eggshell as a
natural fertilizer on the growth.

3. To create a product from food waste and 2.1 Material Preparation

turn it into an eco-friendly fertilizer.
The researchers gathered Saba banana peels,
1.2 Scopes and Limitations egg shells, and other materials such as two
(2) plant pots, black soil, a measuring tool, a
In this study, the researchers focused on
tray or bilao, a blender, and a container to
making a product that cost less money. An
accomplish making the product.
eco-friendly. It is to produce a product from
Saba banana-peels an Egg Shells. 2.1.1 Ingredients Quantity

Jose V. Yap National High School Science, Technology, and Engineering 2024
PESHELLTILIZER: A STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS of BANANA (musa acuminate) PEEL
and EGG SHELLS as ORGANIC FERTILIZER on EGGPLANT.

- 1.5 kg Saba banana peels saba banana peels in the blender, it is

important to cut them into pieces. This is a
Banana peels were collected from house
much easier way to crush the peels. Inspect
hold kitchen and banana cue vendors.
the peels and cut off any moist or decaying
bits just in case. Place the small pieces of
- 500g Egg Shells
saba banana peels batch-by-batch into the
The eggshells were collected from blender and start crushing the peels. During
household kitchen and school canteen. the process, you can smell a pungent odor.
Once done, place it in a container.
2.1.2 Preparation of Saba banana peels
Clean the blender before the second process.
The Saba banana peels have previously been
Prepare the egg shells, place them in the
cleaned, rinsed, split from their stem, and
blender, and start crushing the shells. Egg
are ready to dry. The banana peels are
shells usually don’t have a smell, but
placed in a billow that has been left unfilled
sometimes they can smell like ammonia or
and placed under the sun.
faintly rotten.

2.1.3 Preparation of Egg Shells

Once the crushing process is done, mix the
two powders in a container and mix using a
The egg shells have previously been
spoon.
cleaned, rinsed, and are ready to dry. The
eggshells are placed in a billow. It would be
2.1.5 Planting the Egg Plant Seeds
much easier to crush the shells into powder
if they were completely dried. To test the effectiveness of the peshell
tilizer, the researchers will use egg plant
2.1.4 The Process
seeds. There are two (2) pots with black soil,
labeled “Egg Plant with PeShellTilizer” and
Gather all the materials: a container, two (2)
“Egg Plant without PeShellTilizer.” Ten
pots, black soil, a disposable spoon, a
(10) seeds are placed on both pots. Then use
blender, a scissor, and a measuring cup.
a 1/8 measuring cup and put them in the pot
The first step is to rinse and clean the Saba labeled “Egg Plant with PeShellTilizer."
banana peels and egg shells in order to Water both pots after the process, and
remove bacterial and viral contact. Followed observe.
by removing the banana peels from its stem.
Now, both saba banana peels and egg shells
are placed in a billow and left under the sun
for days. Saba banana peels took 3 days to
completely dry, while egg shells only took a
day and a half to fully dry.

The next step is to prepare the container, a

scissor, and the blender. Before placing the

Jose V. Yap National High School Science, Technology, and Engineering 2024
PESHELLTILIZER: A STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS of BANANA (musa acuminate) PEEL
and EGG SHELLS as ORGANIC FERTILIZER on EGGPLANT.

Jose V. Yap National High School Science, Technology, and Engineering 2024