EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGIES

QUARTER 3 – MODULE 4
Advanced Skills Spreadsheet
ADVANCED SPREADSHEET SKILLS

What is Spreadsheet?

Spreadsheet refers to the spreadsheet program which is the electronic version of the familiar
columnar pad. It is an application that helps the user to create spreadsheets commonly used
for budgets, forecasting, and finance-related tasks.

Excel is a spreadsheet program that allows you to store, organize, and analyze information.
While you may believe Excel is only used by certain people to process complicated data,
anyone can learn how to take advantage of the program's powerful features. Whether you're
keeping a budget, organizing a training log, or creating an invoice, Excel makes it easy to
work with different types of data.

Advanced Spreadsheet Skills Needed in Life

1. Data Entry, Sorting, and Filtering 6. Pivot Tables
2. Applying Data Validation 7. Macros and Scripts
3. Protecting Sheets and Locking Cells 8. Combine Multiple Functions to
4. Custom Filtering Create Formulas
5. Sort by Column 9. Perform Calculations

In Excel, formulas are tools that you can use to edit, analyze, and create calculations for
worksheet data. One of the most valuable of this is the ability to store math formulas in
individual cells. A formula is simply a mathematical operation you can perform in your
worksheet. It is a sequence of values, cell references, names, functions and operators that are
contained in a cell. The formula produces a new value from the existing value.

A formula can contain up to 1024 characters and must always start with an equal sign
(=). It can add, subtract, multiply or divide two numbers, displaying the answer in a cell that
you choose. When you type a formula into a cell, Excel makes every attempt to display an
answer to the formula.

How to Enter a Formula in a Worksheet Cell?

1. Click on the cell where you want to enter a formula and type = (equal sign) as the
first character of your formula.
2. Enter a value or select the cell that includes the value you want in the formula.
3. Add the necessary operators or functions. Use parentheses, if applicable.
4. When the formula is complete, click on the Enter button on the Formula bar  or press
Enter.
5. Observe that the result of the formula you created appears in the cell, while the actual
formula appears in the Formula bar.

Using Math Operators

Excel always knows what type of calculations you want to perform. When you create a
formula, you include symbols, called math operators, which tell Excel the kind of math
operations you want to perform.
 Operator Description
: Reference operator (as in B3:D6)
, Argument separator
- Negation (as in -4)
% Percentage sign
^ Exponentiation
* and / Multiplication and division
+ and - Addition and subtraction
& Text concatenation (two strings
combined)
>,<, >=, <=, Comparison operators (greater than,
<> less than, greater than or equal to,
less than or equal to, not equal to)

When you enclose part of a formula within a pair of parentheses, Excel evaluates first the
formula inside the parentheses followed by the rest. The computer reads it from left-to-right
flow calculation.

Understanding Cell Referencing

In copying and moving formulas in a worksheet, Excel assumes that you want to copy the
formula’s calculation, and not the cells involved in the calculation. Using cell referencing, you
can control how formulas in a cell is displayed when you paste or drag them to a new location.
There two basic types of cell referencing: the relative and the absolute cell references.

Using Relative Referencing

When you copy or move a formula, by default, Excel changes the cell references in the copies
of the formulas to reflect the relative location of the formula from the cell references in the
formula.

Using Absolute Referencing

 You use an absolute reference formula when you want to anchor cell references in a formula.
In absolute referencing, the cell references always point to a specific location regardless of
where the formula is moved or copied. When you anchor cell references, Excel will not adjust
them when you copy the formula to a different location in a worksheet.

$A$2 Column A and row 2 will not change when copied.

A$2 Only row 2 will not change when copied.
$A2 Only column A will not change when copied.

To use an absolute reference:

1. Click on the cell where you want to enter a formula.
2. Type the equal sign (=) to begin the formula.
3. Select the cell to be computed then enter an arithmetic operator.
4. Select another cell then press the F4 key on the keyboard to make the cell reference
absolute. Observe the $ signs added to the cell reference.

Cost Using Microsoft Excel

Let us assume that we are going to sell milk tea with the following information:

Production Information
Product Name/Brand: Fresh Buko Shake Company/Group Name:
Benz9 Center Inc.

Product Description:
Fresh Buko Shake is s special shake using real/fresh young coconuts fruit and pure
natural which is very good for the health.

Ingredients: Condensed milk, Ice, Buko fruit. Special sweetener

Estimated Sale Price: 30 Php per cup

1. Copy the information below:

 2. Use the SUM formula to get the summation of the values from C4 to C8. The SUM
formula is =SUM(C4:C8). Type this on cell C9 as shown below:

3. Check if our estimated price will earn us profit. Type

the additional information shown below then apply the
arithmetic formula for subtraction:
4. Our estimated price is less profitable since the result
is only Php 2.00. Let us make an adjustment. Include
the information below and
deduct the Total from the
new estimated price.
5. The result is Php 8.00. this is
now definitely profitable at
this price. However, this
does not guarantee our
product success.
6. Save your file as M4 Cost
Ingredients.xlsx.

Analyzing Data Using Microsoft Excel

In reality, researchers will first collect data from the target market by distributing survey
questionnaires before releasing the product. The data collected will help them determine if
the product has the potential to succeed in the target market.

For your group’s product, come up with several questions that will help you determine how
your sample from your target market would perceive your product. Your target market for this
activity is the people in your school (teachers, students, personnel).

SAMPLE SURVEY (For food products)

Name: ________________________________________________ Age: _______________
Income/Day: _________________________________________(optional)

Instructions: Circle the letter of your answer.

1. On a scale of 1-5, how would you rate the product’s quality?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5
2. On a scale of 1 – 5, how would you rate the product’s test?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5
3. On a scale of 1 – 5, how would you rate the product’s presentation?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5
4. Are you satisfied with the product?
A. Yes B. No

5. Would you recommend the product to a friend?

A. Yes B. No

6. How much are you willing to pay for this product?

A. 15.00 and below B. 16.00-25.00 C. 26.00-
35.00 D. 36.00-45.00 E. 46.00 – 55.00

Suggestions or comments:
________________________________________________________________________
_
________________________________________________________________________
_
________________________________________________________________________
_ ______________________________.

Add more questions fitting for your product. If your product is not a food product, replace the
‘taste” rate with durability or function rate. Have this survey form approved by your teacher
then produce around 15 copies of these.
Start your product testing in your school by letting students, teachers, and or personnel
taste/test your product. Afterward, gather the data and place them in Microsoft Excel. The
following is a sample spreadsheet using the milk tea example.
 Figure 1

Note: To change the orientation of a text, press Ctrl + 1. To open the Format Cells dialog box >
Alignment tab / under Orientation, specify the degrees you want.

Obviously this data is raw. Assuming that we have a huge sample, we have to apply for
several formulas to be able to easily analyze the result of this survey.

Let us start by a simple average formula to determine the average rating of Quality, Taste,
Presentation, and Product.

The syntax would be =AVERAGE (cells involved).

Example:
(Using figure 1, determine the average for quality.)

=AVERAGE(F5:24)

Determine the average for all your criteria and place them at the bottom of your survey
results similar to the screenshot below.
 Next, determine how many people said YES or NO if they were satisfied with the product or if
they would recommend it to their friend. For this, we will use the COUNTIF function.

Using the =COUNTIF function will allow us to count the number of cells that contains
something. However, in this case, we just need to count the ones that have YES or NO in
them. For this, we have to use the COUNTIF function.

COUNTIF Function Syntax: =COUNTIF (range, criteria) Range – the

cells where the counting will take place.
Criteria – the label or value that determine if it is to be counted.

Example:
Using Figure 1. The formula for getting the number of YES for the Satisfied criteria is
=COUNTIF (J5:J24, “YES”)

Determine the number of YES answers in both criteria and place them at the bottom of
your survey results similar to the screenshot below.

If you were to determine if you could sell your product or service to teachers or students, you
can use the AVERAGEIF Function.

AVERAGEIF
Using the AVERAGEIF, we can average a range if the cell beside it equals to “teacher” and/ or
“student”.
AVERAGEIF uses the following syntax:
= AVERAGEIF (range, criteria, average range)
Range – the range of cells where you want to look for the criteria.
Criteria – a value or label that determines if a cell is part of the range to be averaged.
Average Range (optional) – the actual range of cells that will be averaged, if omitted,
the range will be used instead.

= AVERAGEIF(E5:E24,”Teacher”,F5:F24)

Spreadsheet Terminology

- Accounting Number Format – number format that is used for accounting -

Orientation – the angle at which a text is displayed.
- Count – a function used to count the cells with content in a range.
- SUM – a function used to compute for the summation of the numbers of a range.
- AVERAGE – a function used to compute for the average of the numbers in a range.
 - COUNTIF – a function used to count the number of cells in a range if a certain condition
is met.
- AVERAGEIF – a function used to compute for the average in a range if a certain
condition is met.
- Range – the range of cells where you want to look for the criteria.
- Criteria – a value or label that determines if a cell is part of the range to be averaged.
- Average Range – the actual range of cells that will be averaged, if omitted, the range
will be used instead.
- Relative Reference – All cell references are called relative references, when copied
across multiple cells, they change based on the relative position.
-
Assessment

A. Multiple Choice: Select the letter of the best answer from the given choices. Write
your answer on ½ sheet of paper.

1. What application program designed to create spreadsheets which can later be

used to analyze statistical data?
A. Microsoft Word C. Microsoft PowerPoint
B. Microsoft Excel D. Microsoft Publisher

2. What feature of MS Excel that can contain up to 1024 characters and must
always start with an equal sign (=).
A. Absolute Referencing C. Functions
B. Formula D. Relative Referencing

3. What number format that puts a dollar symbol before each value by default?
A. percent C. comma
B. Currency D. date / time

4. What symbols that tell Excel exactly what type of calculations to perform.
A. Math Operators C. Absolute Referencing
B. Symbol Operators D. Relative Referencing

5. What function that adds a range cells

A. ADD C. TOTAL
B. PLUS D. SUM

6. What do you call the cells that do not change?

A. Math Operators C. Absolute Referencing
B. Symbol Operators D. Formula Operators

7. This is the tab in the Format Cells dialog box where you can change the orientation of a
text.
A. View C. File
B. Orientation D. Alignment

8. What function that gets the average of range of cells?

 A. MEDIAN C. MEAN
B. AVERAGE D. SUM

9. Which among the following is not part of the syntax for AVERAGEIF?
A. Logical Test C. Average Range
B. Range D. Criteria

10. What function used to count the number of cells that contains something in them if the
criteria are met.
A. COUNTNOW C. COUNTIF
B. COUNTING D. COUNT

11. What function used to add a certain range of cells if a condition is met?
A. ADDIF C. SUMIF
B. TOTALIF D. PLUSIF

12. What features of MS Excel refers to the angle at which a text is displayed?
A. Layout C. Orientation
B. Layout View D. Formula in Cell

13. What function used to count the cells with content in a range?
A. COUNTNOW C. COUNTIF
B. COUNTING D. COUNT

14. Which among the following is the shortcut key for the Format Cells dialog box?
A. Ctrl + F C. Ctrl + 1
B. Alt + F D. Shift + 1

15. What syntax used in the AVERAGEIF function that includes the value or label that
determine if the cell is part of the range to be average?
A. Criteria C. Logical Test
B. Range D. Average Range