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5-Database System Components

The document outlines the components of database systems, including users, database administrators, query processors, and storage managers. It details the roles of naive, application, sophisticated, and specialized users, as well as the responsibilities of database administrators in schema definition and maintenance. Additionally, it describes the functions of query processors, storage managers, and their subcomponents like transaction and buffer managers.

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4 views

5-Database System Components

The document outlines the components of database systems, including users, database administrators, query processors, and storage managers. It details the roles of naive, application, sophisticated, and specialized users, as well as the responsibilities of database administrators in schema definition and maintenance. Additionally, it describes the functions of query processors, storage managers, and their subcomponents like transaction and buffer managers.

Uploaded by

reshmabanu.td
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATABASE SYSTEMS

Components
Presentation by
Dr. Jenila Livingston L.M.
VIT Chennai
Components
of Database
Systems
/
Overall
System
Structure

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1. DATABASE USERS
• Naive Users - interact with the system by
invoking one of the application programs that
have been written previously
• Application Programmers - computer
professionals who write application programs
• Sophisticated Users – analysts - interact with
the system with queries
• Specialized Users - write specialized database
applications that do not fit into the traditional
data-processing framework 3
DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR
Database Administrator
• Schema definition
• Storage structure and access-method definition
• Schema and physical-organization modification
• Granting of authorization for data access
• Specifying integrity constraints
• Routine maintenance
• Monitoring performance and responding to changes
in requirements

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2. Query Processor
– DDL interpreter
– DML compiler
– Compiler
– Query Optimization
– Query evaluation engine

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Data Definition Language (DDL)
• Specification notation for defining the database
schema
• DDL compiler generates a set of tables stored in a
data dictionary
• Data dictionary contains metadata (data about data)
• Data storage and definition language – special type
of DDL in which the storage structure and access
methods used by the database system are specified

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Data Manipulation Language (DML)

• Language for accessing and manipulating the


data organized by the appropriate data model
• Two classes of languages
– Procedural – user specifies what data is required
and how to get those data
Eg: PL SQL
– Nonprocedural – user specifies what data is
required without specifying how to get those data
Eg: SQL (Structured Query Language),
QBE (Query By Example)
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Compiler & Query Evaluation Engine
• Compiler – verifies whether a program or
query is written in accordance with DDL and
DML rules
• Query Optimizer – Finds the most effective
way to access the required data and supply it
in a user requested form. Monitors the query
execution and modifies a query evaluation
plan if necessary.

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3. Storage Manager
• A storage manager is a program module that
provides the interface between the low-level data
stored in the database and the application programs
and queries submitted to the system.
• The storage manager is responsible for the following
tasks:
– Interaction with the file manager
– Efficient storing, retrieving, and updating of data

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Storage Manager
– Authorization and Integrity manager
– Transaction manager
– File manager
– Buffer manager

Implements disk storage


– Data Files
– Data Dictionary
– Indices
– Statistical data

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Authorization and Integrity Manager

• This manager is responsible for granting an


access to database or portions thereof only to
authorized users and preventing the access to
unauthorized users

• Integrity manager must assure data integrity


during normal database operations as well as
during the database failures

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Transaction Manager
• A transaction is a collection of operations that
performs a single logical function in a
database application
• ACID Properties (Atomicity, Consistency,
Isolation, Durability)
• Transaction-management component
• concurrency-control manager

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File Manager
• File Manager is responsible for mapping logical
database units (objects, relations, etc.) into a set of
low level files.

• It is responsible for maintenance of files and indexes


on them.

• It should be able to create and destroy index and


collect unused storage space to eliminate an
unneeded gaps on disks.
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Buffer Manager
• Buffer Manager is responsible for the allocation and
maintenance buffer space in a memory to facilitate
processing database data by several concurrent
applications.

• Buffer Manager decides when to load data from a


buffer to a database or discard the data and under
what conditions a new data should be put into a
buffer

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