‫م كرار عيدان‬.

‫م‬
Trial case, Trial frame
‫جامعة المستقبل‬ Lecture7
Lecture 7
‫ قسم تقنيات البصريات‬/ ‫كلية التقنيات الصحية و الطبية‬

Trial case, Trial frame

INTRODUCTION:

Trial case it is a box made of wood or plastic and contains a different set
of lenses for the purpose of correcting refractive errors in the patient’s eyes to
achieve good visual acuity. A trail case is essential equipment for optometrists
also known as a trial box.

It is a case that contains trial lenses a trial spectacle frame, prisms,

filters, occluders, and other accessories. A trial case is used for objective and
subjective refraction, diplopia testing, diagnosing strabismus (squint), and
assessing binocular vision.

Accessories of Trial Case

1. Trial Frame

2. Trial Lens

3. Prism

4. Other Accessories.

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1. Trial frame

Trial frame is an eyeglass frame designed to permit the insertion of

different lenses used to correct refractive errors of vision. It is characterized by
being lightweight and can be adjusted, and it should be comfortable in the nose
resting and readily adjustable and allow accurate centering vertically and
horizontally for each eye (allows adjustment for pupil distance and lens
height).

Compartments of Trial Frame

The parts are as follows 3-4 compartments

• 1st - High powered lens
• 2nd - spherical lens
• 3rd - cylindrical lens
• 4th - accessory lens & prisms

The trial frame should be easy to adjust for parts including temples, nose pad,
temple angle, and interpapillary distance (PD) while providing a sure
mounting for the trial lens

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Types of frame

Full Aperture Frame

 Accommodates up to five 38mm lenses for each
eye
 Independent screw adjustments for PD of 48 to
80mm
 Screw-operated bridge height and projection
 Slides adjustable for length and angle.

Reduced Aperture Frame

• Reduced aperture trial frame
• A very durable lightweight drop cell trial frame.
• It holds up to four 38mm lenses for each eye
• Accessories may be easily inserted and
extracted

Half Eye Trial Frame

 Half eye trial frame with nosepiece, child.
 As half eye trial frame with PD of 54 to 58mm.
 Also available with fixed bridge or adjustable
nosepiece.
 Available for adults with PD 59 to 67mm

2. Trial lenses

Trial lenses are a set of lenses different in type and power arranged in
pairs, they are used by trial and error to test vision and diagnose refractive
errors and eye pathology.

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Types of trial lenses:

1. Optical lenses: - use to correct the refractive errors.
2. Accessory lenses: - use to diagnose the pathology.

Types of optical lenses:

1. Full aperture lens
● Approximately 38 mm diameter
● do not obscure the patient's face
● Biconvex or biconcave form
● Disadvantage: heavier and thicker large additive errors

2. Reduced aperture lens

● Lenses of 20mm diameter mounted in the metal rim of 38mm diameter
● Plano convex and Plano concave
● Used for refraction and neutralization
● for refraction, curved surface should face the eye
● for neutralization, curved surface of the trial lens is placed against to the
curved surface of spectacle lens

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a. Spherical lenses
● There are 32 pairs of spherical lenses in plus and minus power (a pair
of positive lenses ranging from +0.12 to +20.00D and a pair of
negative lenses ranging from -0.12 to -20.00D).

Variation:-
• 0.25 to 4.00D in increment of 0.25D
• 4.00 to 6.00D in increment of 0.50 D
• 6.00 to 14.00D in increment of 1.00 D
• 14.00 to 20.00D in increment of 2.00DLaxmi

Uses:
 Checking the refracting error, concave spherical lenses (negative):
which are used in the treatment of myopia (nearsightedness),
convex spherical lenses (positive): which are used in the treatment
of hypermetropia (farsightedness), and presbyopia.

Note
The diopter is the unit of measure for the refractive power of a lens.
The power of a lens is defined as the reciprocal of its focal length in
meters, or D = 1/f, where D is the power in diopters and f is the focal
length in meters.

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b. Cylindrical lenses

• Negative and positive cylindrical lenses: 19 pairs of CYL lenses Power

range in cylinder : Pair of positive lenses ranging +0.12 to +6.00D, Pair
of negative lenses ranging -0.12 to -6.00D.
• which are used to for correction of astigmatism, and checking the
refractive error differ from the other by the presence of two red lines on
both ends of the lens to determine the axis of the lens.

Variations:-
• 0.25 to 3.50D in increment of 0.25D
• 3.50 to 6.00D in increment of 0.50D

3. Prism lens

is a refractive medium having two plane surfaces inclined at an angle and

the base of the prismatic lens is thicker than the apex. Prismatic lenses are
used in correct and measure strabismus for the measurement and correction
of the angle of deviation.

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4. Accessories Lens

Occluder

Is an opaque disc used to close or cover one eye during refraction

examination. It blocks one eye vision while performing the test on the fellow
eye, so that we can check each eye separately.

Plano Lens

Plano lenses are ophthalmic lenses that do not have any power (zero).
Therefore, they do not help correct the vision. It is used for satisfy & identify
the malingering patients.

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Fogging Lens

Used to relax the muscles especially in patients who have nystagmus, It

works like an occlude.

Pinhole Lens

It is a black, opaque circular disc. In its center, there is a hole ranging in

diameter (1-2 mm) to reduce the amount of peripheral light entering the eye
(allowing only a pencil of light to pass through the corneas).
It is used to help determine whether the decreased vision is due to
refractive error or to pathological diseases of the eye, if the vision improves
with it, it means that the cause is a refractive error, and if the vision does not
improve with it, it means that the cause is an organic eye disease.

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Maddox rod Lens

It is a glass lens made up of several series of high plus parallel

cylindrical lines that have several colors, including red, green and
transparent.

 The purpose of the cylindrical lines is that they convert the point light
source into a bright line, and through the direction of the cylinders we
can obtain a horizontal or vertical bright line to evaluate the squint on
both axes.
 It is used to subjectively detect and measure a latent, manifest, horizontal
or vertical heterophoria for near and distance, mainly used for visual
acuity.
 Procedures of the Maddox rod. When the Maddox rod is placed
vertically over the right eye, the patient should see a horizontal red line
and a white light. When the Maddox rod is placed horizontally over the
right eye, the patient should see a vertical red line and a white light. If
the eyes are aligned, the red line will go through the white light. If the
eyes are not aligned, the red light will be deviated in the opposite
direction of the eye relative to the white light. For example, with a right
hypertropia, the patient will see the red line deviated below the white
light.

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Stenopic Slit Lens

It is a black circular disc containing a linear slit of width (0.50-1.00 mm)

and length (15 mm), it allows strip of light to pass through the corneas. It is
used to determine astigmatism by rotating it (horizontal and vertical) after
placing spherical test lenses, and asking the patient in which direction the
vision is clearer, to find out axis of cylinder + or -.

Red/Green Filter Lens

They are red and green colored lenses and have no optical power. They are
used in binocular vision tests. They are also used to check over correction and
under-correction of refractive error, color dissociation , to find out suppression
of eyes, to find out diplopia and to measure the Fusion, squint..

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The patient is asked to make a comparison of the recognition through the

filter to note the clear of the FRIEND letters on the test chart.
- If the patient says:
 There is no clear difference between the two, it indicates that the
correction is optimal.
 When the vision is clearer in red, it means he has nearsightedness and
a negative lens can be added until equality is achieved.
 When the vision is clearer in green, it means he has farsightedness
and a positive lens can be added until equality is achieved.

Jackson Cross Cylinder Lens

 It is a combination of plus cylinder & minus cylinder 90° apart.

 Handle is located at 45° between two axis.
 Principle: spherical equivalent is zero.
 Used to: determine both power & axis of the astigmatic correction +/-
025 and +/- 0.50.

Thank you…

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