01

STUDY AIDS/MATH US $19.95

10MATH
SKILL BUILDERS PRACTICE
The Ultimate Learn-By-Doing Guide!
Are you a mathophobe? Or have you just forgotten the basics over the years? Whether you’re a
student who needs guidance outside of your textbook or you’re just looking to brush up on your skills, Build Your
1001 Math Problems gives you all the practice you need to succeed.
Skills for

1001 MATH PROBLEMS

1001 Math Problems will teach you how to:
3 Master core concepts to prepare for important exams
Success!
3 Learn math rules and how to apply them to problems
3 Learn math skills you can apply when solving problems at all levels
3 Overcome math anxiety through skills reinforcement and focused practice

How does 1001 Math Problems build your math skills?

3 Starts each chapter with the basics and moves to more advanced questions
for maximum skill building

3 Offers a variety of question types to keep you engaged

PROBLEMS
3 Includes practice with fractions, decimals, percentages, ratios, and probability

3 Focuses on solving math word problems and understanding the principles of

distance, rate, and time

3 Improves your ability to handle math topics like finding area, perimeter, volume,
and other types of measurement

3 Provides full answer explanations for every question

Practice Additional Math Questions FREE Online! Improve Your Math Skills Fast—With Focused Practice!

FREE online practice with Instant Scoring

Visit LearningExpress’s Online Practice Center to:
3 Master the most common standardized test problems
3 Boost your math skills online with even more practice
3 Targeted practice for key math concepts
3 Receive immediate scoring and answer explanations for all questions

3 Focus your study where you need it with a customized diagnostic report
3 Know the rules, learn the shortcuts, and find the answers!

Prepare for a Brighter Future

4th Edition

L EARNING E XPRESS ®
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1001 MATH
PROBLEMS

4TH EDITION
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The content in this book has been

reviewed and updated by the
LearningExpress Team in 2024.

Copyright © 2013 LearningExpress, LLC.

All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions.

Published in the United States by LearningExpress, LLC, New York.

Printed in the United States of America

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Fourth Edition

ISBN 13: 978-1-57685-907-0

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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION vii

SECTION 1 Miscellaneous Math 1

SECTION 2 Fractions 21

SECTION 3 Decimals 41

SECTION 4 Percentages 61

SECTION 5 Algebra 81

SECTION 6 Geometry 107

ANSWERS 135

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INTRODUCTION

This book—which can be used alone, in combination with the

LearningExpress publication Practical Math Success in 20 Minutes
a Day, or along with another basic math text of your choice—will give
you practice in dealing with whole numbers, fractions, decimals,
percentages, beginning algebra, and elementary geometry. It is
designed for individuals working on their own, and for teachers
or tutors helping students learn the basics. Working these 1,001
math problems should help alleviate math anxiety, too!

A re you anxious about mathematics? You’re not alone. Teaching mathematics at the college level
for 18 years, I have encountered severe cases of math anxiety. I have had students start their math-
ematical journey in a freshman year algebra course, swearing up and down that mathematics
was simply beyond them. But, with determination and hard work, you know what? A great many of these
students went on to get degrees in engineering!
Often, we present our own challenges. The best advice I can offer is to relax, take a deep breath, and
start working the problems. Don’t expect to get them all correct, especially your frst time through the book—
that’s unrealistic. But realize that with continued practice, you will hone your skills by tackling problem after
problem and become triumphant.
Learn by doing. It’s an old lesson, tried and true. And it’s the tool this book is designed to give you.

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Of course, this method works for people who answer them, you will be ahead of the game when you
don’t have math anxiety, too. Maybe you have simply get to Section 5.
forgotten a lot of what you learned about math because The most important learning tool in this book is
you haven’t had to use it very much. Or maybe you’re not the problems, but the solutions. At the back of the
a student tackling arithmetic, algebra, and geometry for book, each answer is fully explained. After you fnish a
the frst time, and you just need more practice than set of questions, go to the back of the book and see how
your textbook gives you. Perhaps you’re getting ready many questions you got right. But don’t stop there:
for an exam, and you just want to make sure your math Look at the explanations for all the questions, both the
skills are up to the task. Whatever your situation, you ones you got right and the ones you got wrong. You will
can beneft from the method of this book. That old be learning by doing, and learning from your mis-
maxim really is true: Practice makes perfect. takes—the best way to learn any subject.

An O v e r v i e w o f T h i s Book How to Use Thi s Boo k

1001 Math Problems is divided into sections, with each Whether you are working alone or helping someone
focusing on a single topic: else brush up on their basic math skills, this book can
help you improve your math skills.
Section 1: Miscellaneous Math (page 1)
Section 2: Fractions (page 21) Working On Your Own
Section 3: Decimals (page 41) If you are working alone to brush up on the basics, you
Section 4: Percentages (page 61) may want to use this book in combination with a basic
Section 5: Algebra (page 81) text or with Practical Math Success in 20 Minutes a Day.
Section 6: Geometry (page 107) It may be helpful to read a summary of the different
kinds of fractions and how to convert fractions into
Each section is subdivided into short sets of about another form before tackling fraction problems. If you
16 problems each, so as to make the whole project seem are fairly sure of your basic math skills, however, you
less overwhelming. You will begin with one or two sets can use this book by itself.
of fairly simple non-word problems; later sets focus on No matter how you decide to use the book, you
word problems dealing with real-world situations. will fnd it most helpful if you do not use a calculator
In each section, you will fnd a few pre-algebra for the majority of the problems. (A special note is
problems mixed in—problems that ask you to deal with placed with the problems that will require you to use
variables (letters that stand for unknown numbers, such a calculator.)
as x or y), exponents (those little numbers hanging
above the other numbers, like 24), and the like. These Tutoring Others
problems are a warm-up for Section 5, Algebra. If they This book will work very well in combination with
are too hard for you at frst, just skip them. If you can almost any basic math text. You will probably fnd it

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most helpful to give the student a brief lesson in the lems. You will want to impress upon him or her the
particular operation they will be learning—whole importance of learning by doing, and caution not to use
numbers, fractions, decimals, percentages, algebra, or a calculator so as to gain a better understanding of the
geometry—and then have him or her spend the operation in question.
remainder of the class or session actually doing prob-

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s e c t i o n

1 MISCELLANEOUS
MATH

T he following section consists of 10 sets of questions about miscellaneous math, including basic
arithmetic questions and word problems involving whole numbers. You will also see problems
using pre-algebra concepts such as negative numbers, exponents, and square roots (getting you
ready for the algebra in Section 5). This section will provide a warm-up session before you move on to more
diffcult kinds of problems.

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Se t 1 (Answers begin on page 135.) . 35 + 14 =

a. 49
1. 8 + 6 = b. 48
a. 2 c. 22
b. 14 d. 21
c. 16
d. 48 8. 56 + 44 =
a. 12
2. 11 - 5 = b. 18
a. 5 c. 99
b. 6 d. 100
c. 16
d. 55 9. 69 - 26 =
a. 43
3. 9 ∏ 3 = b. 45
a. 3 c. 115
b. 6 d. 116
c. 12
d. 27 10. 82,404 - 202 =
a. 82,606
4. 4 ¥ 4 = b. 82,202
a. 0 c. 82,102
b. 1 d. 82,001
c. 8
d. 16 11. 72 + 98 - 17 =
a. 143
5. 62 - 18 = b. 153
a. 44 c. 163
b. 46 d. 170
c. 80
d. 90 12. 376 - 360 + 337 =
a. 663
6. 93 + 7 = b. 553
a. 86 c. 453
b. 99 d. 353
c. 100
d. 101

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13. 444 + 332 - 216 = 19. 600 ¥ 42 =

a. 312 a. 2,520
b. 450 b. 20,500
c. 560 c. 25,020
d. 612 d. 25,200

14. 2,710 + 4,370 - 400 = 20. 215 ¥ 70 =

a. 6,780 a. 1,505
b. 6,680 b. 10,550
c. 6,580 c. 15,050
d. 6,480 d. 15,500

15. 7,777 - 3,443 + 1,173 = 21. 1,215 ¥ 6 =

a. 5,507 a. 7,920
b. 5,407 b. 7,290
c. 5,307 c. 7,092
d. 5,207 d. 7,029

16. 613 – 498 – 102 = 22. What is the value of 56,515 ∏ 4, rounded to the
a. 1,009 nearest whole number?
b. 217 a. 10,000
c. 113 b. 14,000
d. 13 c. 14,128
d. 14,129

S e t 2 (Answers begin on page 136.) 23. | 7 | =

a. –7
1 . (15 + 32)(56 - 39) = b. 0.7
a. 4,465 c. 7
b. 799 d. 17
c. 142
d. 30 24. | –9 | =
a. –9
18. 72 ∏ 8 = b. –8
a. 9 c. 0
b. 8 d. 9
c. 7
d. 6

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25. 2,850 ∏ 190 = 32. (667 ¥ 2) + 133 =

a. 15 a. 1,467
b. 16 b. 1,307
c. 105 c. 1,267
d. 150 d. 1,117

26. 62,035 ∏ 5 =
a. 1,247 Set 3 (Answers begin on page 137.)
b. 12,407
c. 12,470 33. (403 ¥ 163) - 678 =
d. 13,610 a. 11,003
b. 34,772
2 . Estimate the value of 6,302 ∏ 63. c. 65,011
a. 1 d. 67,020
b. 10
c. 100 34. (800 ∏ 40) + 142 =
d. 1,000 a. 162
b. 126
28. Estimate the value of 3,504 ¥ 19. c. 106
a. 700 d. 102
b. 3,500
c. 7,000 35. 604 - 204 ∏ 2 =
d. 70,000 a. 502
b. 301
29. 12(84 – 5) – (3 ¥ 54) = c. 201
a. 786 d. 101
b. 796
c. 841 36. 604 - (202 ∏ 2) =
d. 54,000 a. 201
b. 302
30. (184 ÷ 4) ¥ 2 = c. 402
a. 23 d. 503
b. 92
c. 360 3 . 52 ¥ 70 ¥ 4 =
d. 1,472 a. 14,560
b. 12,560
31. (12 ¥ 6) + 18 = c. 11,560
a. 1,296 d. 10,560
b. 90
c. 80
d. 78

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38. 17(8 ¥ 3) = 44. 3 hours 20 minutes - 1 hour 48 minutes =

a. 139 a. 5 hours 8 minutes
b. 187 b. 4 hours 8 minutes
c. 316 c. 2 hours 28 minutes
d. 408 d. 1 hour 32 minutes

39. Which of the following expressions is equal to 45. Find the mean of the following numbers:
40,503? 76, 34, 78, 56
a. 400 + 50 + 3 a. 244
b. 4,000 + 500 + 3 b. 61
c. 40,000 + 50 + 3 c. 56
d. 40,000 + 500 + 3 d. 49

40. Which of the following numbers is divisible by 46. 39,824 ∏ 8 =

both 7 and 8? a. 4,798
a. 42 b. 4,897
b. 78 c. 4,978
c. 112 d. 4,987
d. 128
4 . 3 feet 6 inches + 5 feet 8 inches =
41. Which of the following numbers is represented a. 9 feet 2 inches
by the prime factorization 2 ¥ 3 ¥ 7? b. 9 feet
a. 21 c. 8 feet 12 inches
b. 42 d. 8 feet
c. 84
d. 237 48. 1 hour 20 minutes + 3 hours 40 minutes =
a. 4 hours
42. 184 is evenly divisible by b. 4 hours 20 minutes
a. 46 c. 4 hours 50 minutes
b. 43 d. 5 hours
c. 41
d. 40

43. 4 pounds 14 ounces - 3 pounds 12 ounces =

a. 2 pounds 2 ounces
b. 1 pound 12 ounces
c. 1 pound 2 ounces
d. 14 ounces

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Se t 4 (Answers begin on page 138.) 55. Which of the following choices is equivalent to
6 ¥ 6 ¥ 6?
49. What is the estimated product when 157 and a. 3 ¥ 6
817 are both rounded to the nearest hundred b. 12 ¥ 6
and multiplied? c. 63
a. 16,000 d. 36
b. 80,000
c. 160,000 56. Which of the following numbers is equivalent
d. 180,000 to 25?
a. 7
50. ( -19) + 6 = b. 10
a. -25 c. 16
b. -13 d. 32
c. 0
d. 13 5 . Which of the following represents a composite
number?
51. �4 ¥ (-9)
a. 11
a. -36 b. 29
b. -13 c. 41
c. 13 d. 91
d. 36
58. 192 =
52. -6 + (-6) = a. 38
a. -36 b. 76
b. -12 c. 152
c. 12 d. 361
d. 36
59. 105 ∏ 102 =
53. 7 + (-15) = a. 13
a. -22 b. 103
b. -8 c. 107
c. 8 d. 1010
d. 22
60. -42 =
54. 75 + (-75) = a. –16
a. -75 b. –8
b. 0 c. 8
c. 1 d. 16
d. 150

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61. -53 = 6 . Alex bought 400 hot dogs for the school picnic.
a. -125 If they were contained in packages of eight hot
b. -15 dogs, how many total packages did he buy?
c. 15 a. 5
d. 125 b. 50
c. 500
62. (-11)2 = d. 3,200
a. -121
b. -22 68. While preparing a dessert, Sue started by using
c. 22 12 ounces of chocolate in her recipe. Later, she
d. 121 added ten more ounces for favor. What was
the total amount of chocolate that Sue ended
63. What is the square root of 64? up using?
a. 8 a. 1 pound
b. 32 b. 1 pound 2 ounces
c. 128 c. 1 pound 4 ounces
d. 4,096 d. 1 pound 6 ounces

64. Which of these equations is incorrect? 69. Dan rented two movies to watch last night. The
a. 9 + 16 = 9 + 16 frst was 1 hour 40 minutes long, and the sec-
b. 9 × 16 = 9 × 16 ond was 1 hour 50 minutes long. How much
c. Neither is incorrect. time did it take for Dan to watch the two
d. Both are incorrect. movies?
a. 4.5 hours
b. 3.5 hours
c. 2.5 hours
S e t 5 (Answers begin on page 138.)
d. 1.5 hours
65. What is the square root of 144?
0. During a fund-raiser, each of the 35 members
a. 16
of a group sold candy bars. If each member
b. 12
sold an average of six candy bars, how many
c. 8
total bars did the group sell?
d. 6
a. 6
b. 41
66. The value of 5! is equal to
c. 180
a. 1
d. 210
b. 5
c. 25
d. 120
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1. Roberta takes $58 with her on a shopping trip 4. The drivers at G & G trucking must report the
to the mall. She spends $18 on a T-shirt and mileage on their trucks each week. The mileage
another $6 on coffee and a snack. How much reading of Ed’s vehicle was 20,907 at the begin-
money does she have left after these purchases? ning of one week, and 21,053 at the end of the
a. $24 same week. What was the total number of
b. $34 miles driven by Ed that week?
c. $40 a. 46 miles
d. $52 b. 145 miles
c. 146 miles
2. On a four-day trip Carrie drove 135 miles the d. 1,046 miles
frst day, 213 miles the second day, 159 miles
the third day, and 189 miles the fourth day. 5. In a downtown department store, Angelo fnds
Which of the following choices is the best a woman’s handbag and turns it in to the clerk
approximation of the total number of miles in the Lost and Found Department. The clerk
Carrie drove during the trip? estimates that the handbag is worth approxi-
a. 400 mately $150. Inside, she fnds the following
b. 600 items:
c. 700 n 1 leather makeup case valued at $65

d. 800 n 1 vial of perfume, unopened, valued

at $75
3. While bowling in a tournament, Jake and his n 1 pair of earrings valued at $150

friends had the following scores: n Cash totaling $178

n Jake: 189
The clerk is writing a report to be submitted
n Charles and Max each scored: 120
along with the found property. What should
n Terry: 95
she write as the total value of the found cash
What was the total score for Jake and his and property?
friends at the tournament? a. $468
a. 404 b. $608
b. 504 c. $618
c. 524 d. $718
d. 526
6. A trash container, when empty, weighs 27
pounds. If this container is flled with a load of
trash that weighs 108 pounds, what is the total
weight of the container and its contents?
a. 81 pounds
b. 135 pounds
c. 145 pounds
d. 185 pounds

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. Mr. James Rossen is starting up a computer 80. The city’s bus system carries 1,200,000 people
consulting frm and has purchased the follow- each day. How many people does the bus sys-
ing equipment: tem carry each year? (one year = 365 days)
n three telephone sets, each costing $125 a. 3,288 people
n two computers, each costing $1,300 b. 32,880 people
n two computer monitors, each costing $950 c. 43,800,000 people
n one printer costing $600 d. 438,000,000 people
n one answering machine costing $50

Mr. Rossen is reviewing his fnances. What

should he write as the total value of the equip- Set 6 (Answers begin on page 139.)
ment he has purchased so far?
a. $3,025 81. How many inches are there in four feet?
b. $5,400 a. 12 inches
c. $5,525 b. 36 inches
d. $6,525 c. 48 inches
d. 52 inches
8. Mr. Richard Tupper is purchasing gifts for his
family. So far he has purchased the following: 82. Dave is 46 years old, twice as old as Rajeeve.
n three sweaters, each valued at $68 How old is Rajeeve?
n one video game valued at two $75 a. 30 years old
n bracelets, each valued at $43 b. 28 years old
c. 23 years old
Later, he returned one of the bracelets for a full d. 18 years old
refund and received a $10 rebate on the com-
puter game. What is the total cost of the gifts 83. Salesperson Rita drives 2,052 miles in six days,
after the refund and rebate? stopping at two towns each day. How many
a. $244 miles does she average between stops?
b. $312 a. 171 miles
c. $355 b. 342 miles
d. $365 c. 684 miles
d. 1,026 miles
9. Department regulations require trash collec-
tion trucks to have transmission maintenance 84. During the last week of track training,
every 13,000 miles. Truck #B-17 last had main- Shoshanna achieves the following times in sec-
tenance on its transmission at 12,398 miles. onds: 66, 57, 54, 54, 64, 59, and 59. Her three
The mileage gauge now reads 22,003. How best times this week are averaged for her fnal
many more miles can the truck be driven score on the course. What is her fnal score?
before it must be brought in for transmission a. 55 seconds
maintenance? b. 57 seconds
a. 3,395 miles c. 59 seconds
b. 4,395 miles d. 61 seconds
c. 9,003 miles
d. 9,605 miles
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85. A train must travel to a certain town in six 89. A family’s gas and electricity bill averages $80 a
days. The town is 3,450 miles away. How many month for seven months of the year and $20 a
miles must the train average each day to reach month for the rest of the year. If the family’s
its destination? bills were averaged over the entire year, what
a. 500 miles would the monthly bill be?
b. 525 miles a. $45
c. 550 miles b. $50
d. 575 miles c. $55
d. $60
86. On a certain day, the nurses at a hospital
worked the following number of hours: Nurse 90. If a vehicle is driven 22 miles on Monday, 25
Howard worked eight hours; Nurse Pease miles on Tuesday, and 19 miles on Wednesday,
worked ten hours; Nurse Campbell worked what is the average number of miles driven
nine hours; Nurse Grace worked eight hours; each day?
Nurse McCarthy worked seven hours; and a. 19 miles
Nurse Murphy worked 12 hours. What is the b. 21 miles
average number of hours worked per nurse on c. 22 miles
this day? d. 23 miles
a. 7
b. 8 91. A piece of speaker wire 3 feet 4 inches long was
c. 9 divided into fve equal parts. How long was
d. 10 each part?
a. 1 foot 2 inches
8 . A car uses 16 gallons of gas to travel 448 miles. b. 10 inches
How many miles per gallon does the car get? c. 8 inches
a. 22 miles per gallon d. 6 inches
b. 24 miles per gallon
c. 26 miles per gallon 92. Each sprinkler head on an athletic feld sprays
d. 28 miles per gallon water at an average of 16 gallons per minute. If
fve sprinkler heads are fowing at the same
88. A thumb drive shows 827,036 bytes free and time, how many gallons of water will be
629,352 bytes used. If you delete a fle of size released in ten minutes?
542,159 bytes and create a new fle of size a. 80 gallons
489,986 bytes, how many free bytes will the b. 160 gallons
thumb drive have? c. 800 gallons
a. 577,179 d. 1,650 gallons
b. 681,525
c. 774,863
d. 879,209

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93. Use the following data to answer this question: Set 7 (Answers begin on page 140.)
Lefty keeps track of the length of each fsh that
he catches. Following are the lengths (in 9 . An elevator sign reads “Maximum weight 600
inches) of the fsh he caught one day: pounds.” Which of the following may ride the
12, 13, 8, 10, 8, 9, 17 elevator?
What is the median fsh length that Lefty a. three people: one weighing 198 pounds,
caught that day? one weighing 185 pounds, one weighing
a. 8 inches 200 pounds
b. 10 inches b. one person weighing 142 pounds with a
c. 11 inches load weighing 500 pounds
d. 12 inches c. one person weighing 165 pounds with a
load weighing 503 pounds
94. If it takes two workers, working separately but d. three people: one weighing 210 pounds, one
at the same speed, 2 hours 40 minutes to com- weighing 101 pounds, one weighing 298
plete a particular task, about how long will it pounds
take one worker, working at the same speed, to
complete the same task alone? 98. Darlene was hired to teach three identical math
a. 1 hour 20 minutes courses, which entailed being present in the
b. 4 hours 40 minutes classroom 48 hours altogether. At $35 per class
c. 5 hours hour, how much did Darlene earn for teaching
d. 5 hours 20 minutes one course?
a. $105
95. A snack machine accepts only quarters. Candy b. $560
bars cost 75¢, packages of peanuts cost $1.25, c. $840
and cans of cola cost $1.00. How many quar- d. $1,680
ters are needed to buy two candy bars, one
package of peanuts, and one can of cola? 99. Carmella and Mariah got summer jobs at the
a. 18 quarters ice cream shop and were supposed to work 15
b. 17 quarters hours per week each for eight weeks. During
c. 16 quarters that time, Mariah was ill for one week and
d. 15 quarters Carmella took her shifts. How many hours
did Carmella work during the eight weeks?
96. A street sign reads “Loading Zone 15 Minutes.” a. 120 hours
If a truck pulls into this zone at 11:46 A.M., by b. 135 hours
what time must it leave? c. 150 hours
a. 11:59 A.M. d. 185 hours
b. 12:01 P.M.
c. 12:03 P.M.
d. 12:06 P.M.

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100. Four hundred pounds of cod packed into 20- 103. A customer’s frst bill after having cable televi-
pound crates was shipped to Jerry’s Fish Mar- sion installed totaled $112.50. This customer
ket. How many crates were needed for the chose basic cable and one additional cable
shipment? service. Which additional service was chosen?
a. 80 crates a. the news channels
b. 40 crates b. the movie channels
c. 20 crates c. the arts channels
d. 10 crates d. the sports channels

101. Which of the following is a translation of the 104. An army food supply truck can carry three
statement “Twice the sum of six and four”? tons. A breakfast ration weighs 12 ounces, and
a. 2 + 6 + 4 the other two daily meals weigh 18 ounces
b. 2 ¥ 6 + 4 each. Assuming each soldier gets three meals
c. 2(6 + 4) per day, on a 10-day trip, how many soldiers
d. (2 ¥ 6) ¥ 4 can be supplied by one truck?
a. 100
102. Rashaard went fshing six days in the month of b. 150
June. He caught 11, four, zero, fve, four, and c. 200
six fsh respectively. On the days that Rashaard d. 320
fshed, what was his average catch?
a. 4 105. Meda arrived at work at 8:14 A.M., and Kirstin
b. 5 arrived at 9:12 A.M. How long had Meda been
c. 6 at work when Kirstin got there?
d. 7 a. 1 hour 8 minutes
b. 1 hour 2 minutes
Answer question 103 on the basis of the following c. 58 minutes
paragraph. d. 30 minutes

Basic cable television service, which includes 106. A clerk can process 26 forms per hour. If 5,600
16 channels, costs $15 a month. The initial forms must be processed in an eight-hour day,
labor fee to install the service is $25. A $65 how many clerks must you hire for that day?
deposit is required but will be refunded within a. 24
two years if the customer’s bills are paid in full. b. 25
Other cable services may be added to the basic c. 26
service: The movie channels service is $9.40 a d. 27
month; the news channels are $7.50 a month;
the arts channels are $5.00 a month; and the
sports channels are $4.80 a month.

12
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– M I S CE L L A N E O U S M AT H –

10 . How many different meals can be ordered 111. Evaluate the expression: | -14 | + -5
from a restaurant if there are three choices of a. -9
soup, fve choices of entrée, and two choices of b. -19
dessert if a meal consists of a soup, entrée, and c. 9
dessert? d. 19
a. 10
b. 15 112. The cost of a certain type of fruit is displayed
c. 30 in the following table.
d. 60
WEIGHT COST
(IN LBS.) (IN DOLLARS)
108. Rachel has R apples. Dan has two fewer apples
than three times the number of apples Rachel 4 lbs. $1.10
has. Which of the following expressions 5 lbs. $1.74
describes the number of apples Dan has?
a. R – 2 Based on the table, estimate the cost for
b. 3(R – 2) 4 pounds 8 ounces of the same type of fruit.
c. 2R – 3 a. $1.24
d. 3R – 2 b. $1.32
c. $1.35
109. A uniform requires 4 square yards of cloth. To d. $1.42
produce uniforms for 84,720 troops, how
much cloth is required?
a. 21,180 square yards Set 8 (Answers begin on page 141.)
b. 21,880 square yards
c. 338,880 square yards 113. Larry buys three sweaters at the local boutique
d. 340,880 square yards for a total cost of $70. Two of the sweaters are
on sale for $15 apiece. How much does the
110. Marty left his workplace at 5:16 P.M. on Thurs- third sweater cost?
day and returned at 7:58 A.M. on Friday. How a. $55
much time elapsed between the time Marty left b. $40
work on Thursday and the time he returned c. $30
on Friday? d. $25
a. 2 hours 42 minutes
b. 13 hours 42 minutes
c. 14 hours 42 minutes
d. 14 hours 52 minutes

13
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Use the following table to answer question 114. 11 . Five people in Sonja’s offce are planning a
party. Sonja will buy a loaf of French bread ($3
Monthly Taxes per loaf) and a platter of cold cuts ($23). Bar-
50,000
bara will buy the soda ($1 per person) and two
40,000
Taxes Jan boxes of crackers ($2 per box). Mario and Rick
(Dollars) 30,000 Feb will split the cost of two packages of Cheese
20,000 Mar
10,000 Apr Doodles ($1 per package). Danica will supply a
0
May package of fve paper plates ($4 per package).
Month How much more will Sonja spend than the rest
of the offce put together?
114. Approximately what were the total taxes col- a. $14
lected for January, February, and April? b. $13
c. $12
a. $78,000
d. $11
b. $98,000
c. $105,000
118. In the music department at a school, a music
d. $115,000
teacher made a list of the musical instruments
and supplies in storage. There were:
115. If Linda purchases an item that costs $30 or n one violin valued at $1,200
less, she will pay with cash. n two violin bows, each valued at $350
If Linda purchases an item that costs between n three music stands, each valued at $55
$30 and $70, she will pay with a debit card. n one trumpet valued at $235
If Linda purchases an item that costs $70 or
greater, she will use a credit card.
In addition, there were a number of supplies
If Linda recently paid for a certain item using a
totaling $125 and some sheet music worth $75.
debit card, which of the following statements
What was the total value of the musical sup-
could be true?
plies and instruments in storage?
a. The item cost $80.
a. $2,040
b. If the item had cost $20 more, she would
b. $2,500
have paid with cash.
c. $3,040
c. The item cost at least $70.
d. $3,500
d. The item cost more than $25.
119. What is the value of the expression 5(40)?
116. What is the next number in the following
a. 0
sequence?
b. 1
3 16 6 12 12 8 __
c. 5
a. 4
d. 20
b. 15
c. 20
d. 24

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120. If a population of yeast cells grows from ten to 125. Joni is 5 feet 11 inches tall, and Pierre is 6 feet
320 in a period of fve hours, what is the rate of 5 inches tall. How much taller is Pierre than
growth? Joni?
a. It doubles its numbers every hour. a. 1 foot 7 inches
b. It triples its numbers every hour. b. 1 foot
c. It doubles its numbers every two hours. c. 7 inches
d. It triples its numbers every two hours. d. 6 inches

121. The number of red blood corpuscles in one 126. Marcia is ten years older than Fred, who is 16.
cubic millimeter is about 5,000,000, and the How old is Marcia?
number of white blood corpuscles in one cubic a. 6 years old
millimeter is about 8,000. What, then, is the b. 20 years old
ratio of white blood corpuscles to red blood c. 26 years old
corpuscles? d. 30 years old
a. 1:625
b. 1:40 12 . Which of the following numbers can be
c. 4:10 divided evenly by 19?
d. 5:1,250 a. 54
b. 63
122. George has made a vow to jog for an average of c. 76
one hour daily fve days a week. He cut his d. 82
workout short on Wednesday by 40 minutes,
but was able to make up 20 minutes on Thurs- 128. Find the mode of the following set of numbers:
day and 13 minutes on Friday. How many min- 8 4 6 12 9 9 4 4
utes of jogging did George lose for the week? a. 4
a. 20 minutes b. 6
b. 13 minutes c. 7
c. 7 minutes d. 9
d. 3 minutes

123. Which of the following is equivalent to 2
6? Set 9 (Answers begin on page 143.)


a. 24
b. 62
129. Emilio is 1 year 7 months old, and Brooke is
c. 122
2 years 8 months old. How much older is
d. 12

Brooke than Emilio?
a. 1 year 1 month
124. Which of the following is an irrational b. 2 years
number? c. 1 month
a. 0.333333… d. 1 year 2 months
b. 12
c. 10.489
d. 0.101101110…

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– M I S CE L L A N E O U S M AT H –

130. Fifth graders Kara and Rani both have lemon- 135. Which of the following is a translation of the
ade stands. Kara sells her lemonade at fve following sentence? Salwa (S) is ten years older
cents a glass, and Rani sells hers at seven cents than Roland (R).
a glass. Kara sold 17 glasses of lemonade today, a. 10 + S = R
and Rani sold 14 glasses. Who made the most b. S + R = 10
money and by what amount? c. R - 10 = S
a. Kara by 13 cents d. S = R + 10
b. Rani by 13 cents
c. Kara by 85 cents 136. How many ways can four students stand in a
d. Rani by 98 cents line, if the order matters?
a. 4
131. A train travels 300 miles in six hours. If it was b. 8
traveling at a constant speed the entire time, c. 16
what was the speed of the train? d. 24
a. 50 miles per hour
b. 60 miles per hour 13 . At the movies, Lucinda bought food for herself
c. 180 miles per hour and her friend Rae, including one box of pop-
d. 1,800 miles per hour corn to share at $5 a box, one box of Junior
Mints for each of them at $2 a box, and one
132. If Rita can run around the block fve times in soft drink for each at $3 apiece. Rae bought a
20 minutes, how many times can she run ticket for each at $7 apiece. Who spent more
around the block in one hour? money and by how much?
a. 10 a. Rae by $3
b. 15 b. Rae by $7
c. 50 c. Lucinda by $1
d. 100 d. Lucinda by $2

133. Which of the following inequalities is true? 138. One colony of bats consumes 36 tons of mos-
a. 4 feet > 3 feet quitoes per year. At that rate, how many
b. 7 feet < 6 feet pounds of mosquitoes does the same colony
c. 5 feet > 6 feet consume in a month?
d. 3 feet < 2 feet a. 36,000 pounds
b. 12,000 pounds
134. Which of the following is a prime number? c. 6,000 pounds
a. 6 d. 3,000 pounds
b. 9
c. 11 139. Which of the following answer choices is
d. 27 equivalent to 104?
a. 10 ¥ 10 ¥ 10 ¥ 10
b. 10 ¥ 4
c. (10 + 4) ¥ 10
d. 10 + 4

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– M I S CE L L A N E O U S M AT H –

140. How many acres are contained in a parcel of Set 10 (Answers begin on page 144.)
land 121 feet wide and 240 yards long? (one
acre = 43,560 square feet) 145. On a particular morning the temperature went
a. 1 acre up 1° every two hours. If the temperature was
b. 112 acres 53° at 5 A.M., at what time was it 57°?
c. 2 acres a. 7 A.M.
d. 212 acres b. 8 A.M.
c. 12 P.M.
141. Land consisting of a quarter section is sold for d. 1 P.M.
$1,850 per acre (one quarter section = 160
acres). The total sale price is 1

146. What is the value of 16 2 ?
a. $296,000
a. 2
b. $592,000
b. 4
c. $1,184,000
c. 8
d. $1,850,000
d. 32

142. The planet Mars is estimated at a mean dis-

14 . Find the median of the following group of
tance of 36 million miles from the Sun. The
numbers: 14 12 20 22 14 16
dwarf planet Pluto is estimated at a mean dis-
a. 12
tance of 3,666 million miles from the sun. How
b. 14
much closer to the Sun is Mars than Pluto?
c. 15
a. 36,300,000 million miles
d. 16
b. 36,300 million miles
c. 3,630 million miles
148. 162
– 42
=
d. 363 million miles
a. 12
b. 122

143. A rectangular tract of land measures 860 feet
c. 12 – 2

by 560 feet. Approximately how many acres is
d. 20
this? (one acre = 43,560 square feet)
a. 12.8 acres
149. Which of the following is equivalent to 20

?
b. 11.06 acres
a. 25

c. 10.5 acres
b. 45

d. 8.06 acres
c. 102

d. 20
144. A dormitory currently houses 30 men and
allows 42 square feet of space per man. If fve
150. Which of the following numbers is divisible
more men are put into this dormitory, how
much less space will each man have? by six?
a. 5 square feet a. 232
b. 6 square feet b. 341
c. 7 square feet c. 546
d. 8 square feet d. 903

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– M I S CE L L A N E O U S M AT H –

151. Which of the following best represents the fol- 156. | 4 – 15 | =

lowing statement? Patricia (P) has four times a. –19
the number of marbles Sean (S) has. b. –11
a. P = S + 4 c. 11
b. S = P – 4 d. 19
c. P = 4S
d. S = 4P Use the following table to answer question 157.

152. Write ten thousand, four hundred forty-seven PRODUCTION OF FARM - IT TRACTORS
in numerals. FOR THE MONTH OF APRIL
a. 10,499,047
FACTORY APRIL OUTPUT
b. 104,447
c. 10,447 Dallas 450
d. 1,047 Houston 425
Lubbock
153. Write ten million, forty-three thousand, seven
Amarillo 345
hundred three in numerals.
a. 143,703 TOTAL 1,780
b. 1,043,703
c. 10,043,703 15 . What was Lubbock’s production in the month
d. 10,430,703 of April?
a. 345
154. John has started an egg farm. His chickens pro- b. 415
duce 480 eggs per day, and his eggs sell for $2 a c. 540
dozen. How much does John make on eggs per d. 560
week?
a. $480 158. Fifty-four students are to be separated into six
b. $500 groups of equal size. How many students are in
c. $560 each group?
d. $600 a. 8
b. 9
155. What is the value of 5–2 ? c. 10
a. –25 d. 12
b. –10
1
c. 
10
1
d. 
25

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– M I S CE L L A N E O U S M AT H –

Use the following table to answer question 159. Use the following table to answer question 160.

STEVE’S BIRD - WATCHING PROJECT DISTANCE TRAVELED FROM

DAY NUMBER OF RAPTORS SEEN CHICAGO WITH RESPECT TO TIME

Monday DISTANCE FROM

TIME (HOURS) CHICAGO (MILES)
Tuesday 7
1 60
Wednesday 12
2 120
Thursday 11
3 180
Friday 4
4 240
MEAN 8

160. A train moving at a constant speed leaves

159. This table shows the data Steve collected while
Chicago for Los Angeles [at time t = 0]. If Los
watching birds for one week. How many rap-
Angeles is 2,000 miles from Chicago, which of
tors did Steve see on Monday?
the following equations describes the distance
a. 6
(D) from Los Angeles at any time t?
b. 7
a. D(t) = 60t - 2,000
c. 8
b. D(t) = 60t
d. 10
c. D(t) = 2,000 - 60t
d. D(t) = 2,000 + 60t

19
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Blank Page
1001MATH_02_21-40_1001 MATH Probs[3rdEd_Fin] copy.qxd 11/20/12 11:15 AM Page 21

s e c t i o n

2 FRACTIONS

T he following 10 sets of fraction problems will provide you with exercises in how to convert frac-
tions and how to work arithmetic problems that involve fractions. (Sections 3 and 4 deal with
decimals and percentages, which also represent fractions of a number, but are called something
else for clarity.) In order to understand arithmetic, it is important to practice and become comfortable with
fractions and how they work.
You will start off with questions that just deal with numbers. After you’ve had a chance to practice your
basic fraction skills, you will move on to solving some word problems involving fractions.

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– F RA CT I O N S –

1 3 7
Se t 11 (Answers begin on page 145.) 166.

4 +




16 + 8 =
11
a.


28
161. Name the fraction that indicates the shaded b. 7



16
part of the following fgure. 5
c. 1
16

7
d. 1


16

1 1 1
a.


4 16 . 5

3 + 7 + 2

3 =
1 1
b.


2 a.


3
2
c.


3 b. 14
3 1
d.


4 c. 14

3
2
162. Name the fraction that indicates the shaded d. 14

3
part of the following fgure.
13 - 5


9 2
168. 8

13 =
7
a. 3


13
2 11
a.


5 b. 3


13
3 7
b.


5 c. 13


13
5 11
c.


3 d. 13


13
5
d.


2 1 4
169.

5 ¥

7 =
42 5
163. Which of the following represents


56 in lowest a.


12
terms? b. 4



35
21
a.


28 c. 1



35
6
b.


8 d. 2



17
3
c.


4
12 - 18 =
7 5 7
d.

1 0.




8
1
a.


36
54
164. Express the fraction

in lowest terms.
108 b.
12

36
27
a.


54 c. 2



6
9
b.


18 d.
12

30
3
c.


6
d. 1


1 1. 78

23 - 10

47 =
2
4
a. 69


21
165. 5



9 -

29 = 4
b. 68


21
a.

79 2
c. 68


21
3
b.


18
6
d. 58


10
c.

31
d.

23

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– F RA CT I O N S –

1 2. -


12 ∏ -


5 1
6 = 1 8. 35

79 - 20
92
=
a. - 2

12 a. 16
b. -


5
72 b. 15
99

5
c.


72 c. 15
59

d. 2

12 d. 15

49

1 3. 40 ∏ 2

12 = 1 9. 43
23
+ 36
39
=

a. 4 a. 100
b. 16 b. 90
c. 80 c. 80
d. 100 d. 70

1 4.

13 ∏

27 = 180.
47
-

13 =

a. 2

54 a. _3
4
b. 2

17 5



b. 10
c. 1

15 4
c.


21
d. 1

16 5
d.


21

1 5.

78 -
35
= 181.

56 +
38
=

1
a.


10 a. 2



14
11
b.


40 b. 8




14
c. 1

13 c. 11



24
d. 1
19
40


d.
15



24

1 6. 4

35 + –1

52 = 182.
79
¥
97
=

a. 1

19
a. 3

15
b. 1
b. 3

12
c.
19

c. 4 1
d.


d. 5

15 63

183. -

61 ∏ -

1
12 =
a. -2
S e t 12 (Answers begin on page 146.) b. -

1
72
1
c.

72
1 . 76
12
+ 11

56 = d. 2
1
a. 87

2
1
b. 88
3

5
c. 88

6
1
d. 89
6

23
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– F RA CT I O N S –

184. 7

35 ¥

49 = 190. 2

14 ∏

23 =

8
1
a. 3

a.

27
15
1
17
b. 3

b. 1

2
45
3
4
c. 7

c. 3

8
15
1
d. 7

12 d. 3

2

191.

47 ∏


8
17 =
185.

26 ∏ 2 =
a.

64 a. 3

7
119
3 3
b.

b. 2


14
6
2 c. 3
c.


6
1


14
1 d. 32



d.


6 119

186. 2

14 ∏ 2

47 = 192. (– _85 ¥ 4

__
15
) ÷ (–1_13 ) =
9
a.


14
a. – _29
7
b.


8 b. – _18
c. 1

2 c. _1
7 8
5

11 _2
d. 14 d. 9

12 ¥ 6 ¥ 3 =
5 1

2
18 .




10
a.


12 Set 13 (Answers begin on page 147.)
b. 5



6
5
c.


108 193. 8 ¥

15 =
5
d.


216 a. 1

35
b. 1

15
188. 1

12 ∏ 1


5
13 = 5
1 c.


a. 1 __
12
8
1
d.


40
3
b. 1 __
10

c. 2


1 194. 7 ¥

25 =
13
9 a. 1



d. 3


10 5
b. 2

25
189. 2

31 ¥ 1


14 ¥ 1 5 =
1 4



7 c. 2

45
a. 1


18
1 d. 17

12
b. 2

2
6
c. 3

7 195.

16 ∏ 4

85 =
1
d. 4

2 a. 27

34
b.

45
37
c.


48
4
d.


111

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– F RA CT I O N S –

196. 3

47 ∏

18 = 202.

34 ¥

16
15 =
a. 28

47 a. 4



5
b. 28

57 b. 5



4
c. 29 c. 1

14
d. 29

74 d. 1

45

19 . 1

12 ∏ 2

14 = 203. 5 ∏

58 =

a.

23 a. 8
b. 1

12 b. 3

18
c. 2

18 c. 5



8
d. 2

38 d. 1



8

198. 2

13 ¥ 5

12 ¥

3
11 = 204. 6

29 -

61 =
a. 3

12 a. 6

13
b. 7

12 5
b. 6


27
1 1
c. 10


22 c. 6


18
d. 10

16 d. 5

89

199. 6

23 ∏

13 = 205. 9

37 + 4

52 =

5
a. 20

92 a. 13

12
b. 20 b. 13

34
c. 6

29 29
c. 13


35
d. 2

29 37
d. 13


52

200.

23 ¥ 5

19 =

206. 3

56 ¥ 4

23 =
11
a. 5


27 a. 17

89
2
b. 5


27 b. 16

23
11
c. 3


27 c. 13

35
2
d. 3


27 7
d. 12


18

201. -

97 -

75 =

20 . (–1 _21 ) ¥ (–2 _13 ) ¥ (–3 _41 ) =
a. 2
a. –11 _3
b.

47 8
c. -

47 b. –6 __
1
12
d. -2 c. – __
3
88
d. 6 __
1
12

25
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– F RA CT I O N S –

208. (–5 _15 ÷ 5) ¥ 1_15 = 213. What is the reciprocal of 3

78 ?

31
a.


8
a. –1 ___
31
125 8
b.
21

b. –1 __
1
8
25 c.


31
c. 31
___
125 d. -
318


d. 25
214. What is the reciprocal of 4

35 ?
23
a.


4
Se t 14 (Answers begin on page 148.) b. 23



5
5
18 c.


23
209. Which of the following is equivalent to


45 ? 4
a. __
20 d.


23
47
b. 36
__ 160
90 215. Change
40
to a whole number.
c. _3 a. 16
9
d. 1
__ b. 10
27
c. 8
210. Which of the following has the greatest value? d. 4
a.

78
b. 3


216. Change this improper fraction to a mixed
4 31
2 number:

3.
c.


3 a. 10
5
d.
6

b. 10

13
c. 10

12
211. Which of the following has the smallest value?
a.

35 d. 11

13
8
b.


15 21 . Change this mixed number to an improper
17
c.


30 fraction: 5
12
.
2 11
d.


3 a.


2
5
b.


1
212. If each of the following represents the diameter 7
c.


2
of a circle, which is the smallest diameter? 5
17 d.


20 inch
a.

2
3
b.

inch
4 218.

35 -

14 =
5
c.

inch
6 a. 2
7
d.

inch
10 b. 7

20

3
c.


4
1
d.


10

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– F RA CT I O N S –

219. Which of the following is an improper 223. Katie and her family ordered a pizza for dinner
fraction? and ate
34
of it. The next day, Katie ate

12 of
a.
22


60 what was left over for lunch. What fraction of
66 the original pizza did Katie eat for lunch?
b.


19
90 a.

18
c.


100 1
1,000 b.


6
d.


2,600 1
c.


4
1
220. Mario has fnished 35 out of 45 of his test d.
2

questions. What fractions of the test does he
have left? 224. Molly needs

58 cup of diced onion for a recipe.
4 After chopping all the onion she has, Molly has
a.


5 3
7

cup of chopped onion. How much more
b.

5
9
3 chopped onion does she need?
c.


5 a.

15 cup
2
d.


9 1
b.

cup
8
1
c.

cup
221. Joe gave

12 of his sandwich to Ed at lunchtime 40
1
and ate
13
of it himself. How much of the sand- d.

cup
60
wich does he have left?
a.

16
b. 3



5
Set 15 (Answers begin on page 149.)
4
c.


5
5 225. Hans has 5

12 pounds of sugar. He wants to
d.


6 make cookies for his son’s kindergarten class.
The cookie recipe calls for

23 pound of sugar
222. Kevin is buying fabric for new curtains. There
per dozen cookies. How many dozen cookies
are three windows, each 35 inches wide. Kevin
can he make?
needs to buy fabric equal to 2

12 times the total
a. 6

13 dozen
width of the windows. How much fabric
should he buy? b. 7

15 dozen
a. 175

13 inches c. 8

14 dozen
b. 210

34 inches d. 9

12 dozen
c. 262

12 inches
226. John bought two pounds of butter to make
d. 326

14 inches
cookies. If he used

12 pound for chocolate chip
cookies,

18 pound for peanut butter cookies,
and

23 pound for sugar cookies, what portion
of the original two pounds is left?
22
a.


13
31
b.


24
17
c.


24
4
d.


13

2
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– F RA CT I O N S –

22 . Vonda is making a mosaic. Each tiny piece of 231. A loaf of bread has 35 slices. Ann eats eight
glass in the artwork is 1
14
inch by 1

38 inch. slices, Betty eats six slices, Carl eats fve slices,
What is the area of each piece of glass? and Derrick eats nine slices. What fraction of
23
32 square inches
a. 1

the loaf is left?
23
b. 1

a.

19
25 square inches
29 2
c. 1

b.


31 square inches 11
21 1
d. 1

c.


22 square inches 5
2
d.


7
6
12

228. Dan purchases pounds of potato chips for a
party. If there are a total of eight people at the 232. Frances wants to run 2

13 miles every day. Today
party, how many pounds of chips does each she has gone

78 mile. How much farther does
person get? she have to go?
13
16 pound
a.

a. 1

13 miles
b. 1
41
pounds b. 1
11
24 miles


41
c. 2 pounds c. 1


50 miles
d. 2

14 pounds 307
308 miles
d. 1

229. Marilyn has 17

34 feet of wallpaper border. Each 233. Ribbon in a craft store costs $0.75 per yard.
of the four walls in her bathroom is nine feet Vernon needs to buy 7
31
yards. How much will
long. How much more wallpaper border does it cost?
Marilyn need to cover all four walls? a. $7.33
a. 16

12 feet b. $6.95
b. 17

34 feet c. $5.50
d. $4.25
c. 18

14 feet
d. 19

12 feet
234. Linda needs to read 14 pages for her history
class, 26 pages for English, 12 pages for civics,
230. A recipe calls for all the liquid ingredients to be
and 28 pages for biology. She has read

16 of the
mixed together: 2

14 cups water, 4

85 cups chicken
entire number of pages. How many pages has
stock, and
12
cup honey. How many cups of liq-
she read?
uid are in the recipe?
a. 80
a. 6
78
cups
b. 48

12
b. 7

14 cups c. 17
c. 7

38 cups d. 13

13
d. 7

34 cups

28
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– F RA CT I O N S –

235. Ted has to write a 5

12 -page paper. He’s already 240. Jerry rode his bike 7

34 miles on Monday, 5
51

written 3
13
pages. How many pages does he miles on Tuesday, 6

25 miles on Wednesday, 7

12
have left to write? miles on Thursday, 5

14 miles on Friday, and 6

35
a. 1

35 miles on Saturday. How many total miles did
b. 1
78
he bike on those six days?
a. 36 miles
c. 2

16
b. 38 miles
d. 2

23 7
10 miles
c. 38


14
d. 38


15 miles
236. Maria earned $331.01 last week. She worked
39

12 hours. What is her hourly wage?
a. $8.28
b. $8.33 Set 16 (Answers begin on page 149.)
c. $8.38
d. $8.43 241. Meryl ordered a claw hammer, four drill bits, a
work light, a large clamp, two screwdrivers,
23 . Virgil ate

37 of a chocolate chip cookie; Aristotle seven toggle bolts, 16 two-penny nails, three
ate
13
of the same cookie. How much of the paintbrushes, and a 48-inch level from a mail
cookie is left? order house. So far, she has received the ham-
7 mer, three drill bits, the level, one screwdriver,
a.
10

b. 3



the clamp, and all the two-penny nails. What
7
1 fraction of her order has she received?
c.


3 1
a.


32
5
d.


21 23
b.


36
16
238. Manuel has worked 6

58 hours of his regular c.


23
36
eight-hour day. How many more hours must d.


23
he work?
a. 2

14 hours 242. Lu earns $7.75 an hour. He worked 38

15 hours
b. 1

38 hours last week. How much money did he earn?
a. $296.05
c. 1

12 hours
b. $380.25
d. 1

14 hours c. $592.10
d. $775.00
239. Irma has read

35 of the novel assigned for her
English class. The novel is 360 pages long. How 243. A lasagna recipe calls for 3

12 pounds of
many pages has she read? noodles. How many pounds of noodles
a. 300 are needed to make

13 of the recipe?
b. 216
a. 1

12 pounds
c. 98
d. 72 b. 1
16
pounds
c. 1 pound
5
d.


6 pound

29
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– F RA CT I O N S –

244. A lasagna recipe requires 1

12 pounds of cheese. 248. Felicia needs 168 six-inch fabric squares to
Approximately how many lasagnas can be make a quilt top. She has 150 squares. What
made from a 20

13 -pound block of cheese? fraction of the total does she still need?
a. 10

15 9
a.


88
b. 13

12 b. 3



28
c. 20

13 c. 3
__
25
d. 25
14
d. 25



28

245. For health reasons, Amir sets a goal to drink 249. Roger wants to paint his living room ceiling
eight glasses of water a day. He’s already had six yellow. His ceiling is 14

12 feet by 12

13 feet. One
glasses. What fraction of his goal does Amir gallon of paint will cover 90 square feet. How
have left to drink? many gallons of paint will he need?
a.

18 a. 1 gallon
1 b. 2 gallons
b.


6
c. 1



c. 3 gallons
4
1 d. 4 gallons
d.


3

250. The Garcias had

25 of last night’s meat loaf left
246. Wendy is writing a test to give to her history
over after dinner. Today, Uncle Jorge ate

14 of
class. She wants the test to include 30 multiple-
these leftovers. How much of the original meat
choice questions and 10 short-answer ques-
loaf is left?
tions. She has written 25 of the multiple-choice
a.

34
questions. What fraction of the total test has 3
she written? b.


5
3
a.

14 c.


10
5 3
b.


12
d.


20
5
c.


8
2 251. Millie is a night security guard at the art
d.


3 museum. Each night, she is required to walk
through each gallery once. The museum con-
24 . Malcolm’s SUV gets 14

13 miles per gallon. It’s
tains 52 galleries. This night, Millie has walked
58

12 miles from his home to work. How many
through 16 galleries. What fraction of the gal-
gallons of gas does Malcolm’s SUV use on the
leries has she already visited?
way to work? 5
9 a.


11
a. 2

10 gallons 4
1 b.


13
b. 3


16 gallons 3
7 c.


14
c. 4


86 gallons 1
d.


d. 5

38 gallons 16

30
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– F RA CT I O N S –

252. Alan has been ill and worked only

34 of his Set 17 (Answers begin on page 150.)
usual 40-hour week. He earns $12.35 an hour.
How much has he earned this week? 25 . Pete’s dog is on a special diet and has lost
a. $247.00 15 pounds. If the dog originally weighed
b. $308.75 150 pounds, what fraction of its original
c. $370.50 weight did the dog lose?
d. $432.25 a. __
9
10
b. _1
253. A recipe calls for

14 teaspoon of red pepper. 5
How much red pepper would you need for half c. 1
__
10
the recipe? d. 1
__
1 15
10 teaspoon
a.


b. 1


teaspoon 258. In a cashier contest, Ona packed 15

12 bags of
8
1 groceries in three minutes. How many bags did
c.


6 teaspoon
1 she average per minute?
d.

teaspoon
2 a. 4

12
b. 5
254. A recipe calls for

14 teaspoon of red pepper.
How much red pepper would you need for a c. 5
16

double recipe? d. 5

14
1
10 teaspoon
a.


b. 1


teaspoon 259. Cheryl lives 5

13 miles from where she works.
8
1 When traveling to work, she walks to a bus
c.


6 teaspoon
1 stop

14 of the way to catch a bus. How many
d.


2 teaspoon
miles away from her house is the bus stop?
a. 5
13
miles
255. Juana’s lawn is 30 yards by 27 yards. Yesterday,
b. 4
13
miles
Juana mowed

23 of the lawn. How many square
yards are left to be mowed? c. 2

13 miles
a. 270 square yards d. 1

13 miles
b. 540 square yards
c. 810 square yards 260. At birth, Winston weighed 6

12 pounds. At one
d. 1,080 square yards year of age, he weighed 23

18 pounds. How
much weight, in pounds, did he gain?
256. A 30-minute time slot on a television network a. 16

58 pounds
contains 24 minutes of comedy and six min- b. 16

78 pounds
utes of commercials. What fraction of the pro-
c. 17

16 pounds
gram time is devoted to commercials?
d. 17

34 pounds
a.

16
1
b.


5
1
c.


4
1
d.


3

31
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– F RA CT I O N S –

261. Marcia wants to make muffns and needs

34 cup 265. During the month of May,

16 of the buses in
sugar. She discovers, however, that she has District A were in the garage for routine main-
only

23 cup sugar. How much more sugar does tenance. In addition,
18
of the buses were in for
she need? other repairs. If a total of 28 buses were in for
1
12 cup
a.

maintenance and repairs, how many buses did
1 District A have altogether?
b.


8 cup
1 a. 80
c.


6 cup
1 b. 84
d.
4
cup
c. 91
d. 96
262. How many inches are there in 3

13 yards?
a. 120 inches
266. On Monday, a kindergarten class uses
b. 126 inches
2

14 pounds of modeling clay the frst hour,
c. 160 inches
4

58 pounds of modeling clay the second hour,
d. 168 inches
and

12 pound of modeling clay the third hour.
How many pounds of clay does the class use
263. Carlin’s Candy Shop opened for business on
during the three hours on Monday?
Saturday with 22
14
pounds of fudge. During the
a. 6
38
pounds
day, they sold 17

58 pounds of fudge. How many
b. 6
78
pounds
pounds were left?
a. 4

12 pounds c. 7
14
pounds
b. 4

58 pounds d. 7
38
pounds
c. 4

78 pounds
26 . Three kittens weigh 2

13 pounds, 1

56 pounds,
d. 5

38 pounds
and 2

23 pounds. What is the total weight of
the kittens?
264. A child’s swimming pool contains 20

45 gallons
a. 6

13 pounds
of water. If 3

13 gallons of water are splashed out
b. 6

56 pounds
of the pool while the children are playing, how
many gallons of water are left in the pool? c. 7

16 pounds
1
15 gallons
a. 16

d. 7

13 pounds
b. 16

35 gallons
7 268. If Rachel has worked a total of 26

14 hours so far
c. 17


15 gallons
this week, and has to work a total of 37

12 hours,
d. 17

23 gallons
how much longer does she have to work?
a. 10

14 hours
b. 11

14 hours
c. 11

34 hours
d. 13

12 hours

32
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– F RA CT I O N S –

269. On Roy’s daily jog, he travels a distance of

12 Set 18 (Answers begin on page 151.)
mile to get to the track and

12 mile to get home
from the track. One lap around the track is
14
2 3. It takes Paula 25 minutes to wash her car. If she
mile. If Roy jogs fve laps around the track, has been washing her car for 15 minutes, what
what is the total distance that he travels? fraction of the job has she already completed?
a. 2
14
miles a.
35

b. 2

12 miles b. 1

2

c. 3 miles 2
c.


5
d. 3

14 miles 4
d.


15

2 0. Suzy’s pie recipe calls for 1

13 cups sugar.

2 4. It takes three frefghters 1

25 hours to clean
If she wants to add an additional

18 cup
their truck. At that same rate, how many hours
to make the pie sweeter, how much sugar
would it take one frefghter to clean the same
will she need in all?
truck?
a. 1

19 cups
a. 2

47 hours
b. 1

16 cups
b. 3
45
hours
c. 1

29 cups
c. 4

15 hours
d. 1 __
11 cups
24 d. 4

25 hours
3
2 1. Jonah hiked 7

38 miles on Friday, 6


10 miles on
2 5. How many 5

14 -ounce glasses can be completely
Saturday, and 5

15 miles on Sunday. How many
flled from a 33

12 -ounce container of juice?
miles did he hike in all?
a. 4
a. 18

58 miles
b. 5
b. 18

78 miles
c. 6
c. 19

35 miles d. 7
1
d. 20


10 miles
2 6. If one pint is

18 of a gallon, how many pints are
2 2. Miguel owns 16

34 acres of land. If he buys there in 3

12 gallons of ice cream?
another 2

35 acres, how many acres of land will a.

7
16 pint
he own in all? b. 24

12 pints
9
20 acres
a. 18

1
c. 26
16
pints
b. 18

45 acres
d. 28 pints
3
c. 19


10 acres
7
d. 19


20 acres

33
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– F RA CT I O N S –

2 . Eric’s walking speed is 2

12 miles per hour. If it 282. The high temperature in a certain city was
takes Eric six minutes to walk from his home 113°F. At about what temperature Celsius was
to the bus stop, how far is the bus stop from his this temperature? C =

59 (F – 32)
home? a. 45°C
a.

18 mile b. 45.5°C
1 c. 51°C
b.


4 mile
1 d. 81.5°C
c. mile



2
d. 1 mile
283. Tank A, when full, holds 555 gallons of water.
Tank B, when full, holds 680 gallons of water. If
2 8. The directions on an exam allow 2
12
hours to
Tank A is only

23 full and Tank B is only

25 full,
answer 50 questions. If you want to spend an
how many more gallons of water are needed to
equal amount of time on each of the 50 ques-
fll both tanks to capacity?
tions, about how much time should you allow
a. 319 gallons
for each one?
b. 593 gallons
a. 45 seconds
c. 642 gallons
b. 1

12 minutes
d. 658 gallons
c. 2 minutes
d. 3 minutes
284. At a party there are three large pizzas. Each
pizza has been cut into nine equal pieces.
2 9. Which of these is equivalent to 35°C?
Eight-ninths of the frst pizza has been eaten,
(F =

95 C + 32) 2 7
3 of the second pizza has been eaten, and 9 of





a. 105°F
the third pizza has been eaten. What fraction of
b. 95°F
the three pizzas is left?
c. 63°F
a.

13
d. 19°F
2
b.


7
2
280. A frefghter checks the gauge on a cylinder c.


9
that normally contains 45 cubic feet of air and 1
d.


6
fnds that the cylinder has only 10 cubic feet of
air. The gauge indicates that the cylinder is 285. If it takes four frefghters 1 hour 45 minutes
a.

14 full. to perform a particular job, how long would it
2
b.


9 full. take one frefghter working at the same rate to
1 perform the same task alone?
c.


3 full.
4 a. 4

12 hours
d.


5 full.
b. 5 hours
281. If the diameter of a metal spool is 3.5 feet, how c. 7 hours
many times will a 53-foot hose wrap com- d. 7

12 hours
pletely around it? (C = pd; use p =
22
7
)
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
34
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– F RA CT I O N S –

286. Joel can change one lightbulb in

56 minute. 290. One lap on a particular outdoor track measures
1 1
Working at that same rate, how many minutes

mile around. To run a total of 3

miles, how
4 2
would it take him to change fve lightbulbs? many complete laps must a person run?
a. 4

16 minutes a. 18
b. 4
13
minutes b. 14
c. 10
c. 4

23 minutes
d. 7
d. 5
16
minutes
291. During the month of June, Bus #B-461 used
28 . Ryan has two bags of jelly beans. One weighs
the following amounts of oil:
10

14 ounces; the other weighs 9

18 ounces. If
June 1: 3

12 quarts
Ryan puts the two bags together and then
June 19: 2

34 quarts
divides all of the jelly beans into fve equal
June 30: 4 quarts
parts to give to his friends, how many ounces
will each friend get?
What is the total number of quarts of oil used
a. 3

34 ounces
on these three days in June?
b. 3
78
ounces a. 9

34 quarts
c. 4 ounces
b. 10 quarts
d. 4

14 ounces
c. 10

14 quarts
288. At a certain school, half the students are female d. 10

12 quarts
1
and

12 of the students are from outside the
state. What proportion of the students would 292. How many ounces are in 9

12 pounds?
you expect to be females from outside the a. 192 ounces
state? b. 182 ounces
1
a.


24
c. 152 ounces
b. 1

12
d. 132 ounces
1
c.


6
1
293. Crystal’s yearly income is $25,000, and the cost
d.


3 of her rent for the year is $7,500. What fraction
of her yearly income does she spend on rent?
a.
14

S e t 19 (Answers begin on page 152.) b. 2



7
3
c.
10

289. How many minutes are in 7

16 hours? 2
a. 258 minutes d.


5

b. 430 minutes
c. 2,580 minutes
d. 4,300 minutes

35
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– F RA CT I O N S –

294. Julie counts the cars passing her house and 299. If Tory donates $210 to charitable organiza-
fnds that two of every fve cars are foreign. If tions each year and
13
of that amount goes to
she counts for one hour, and 60 cars pass, how the local crisis center, how much of her yearly
many of them are likely to be domestic? donation does the crisis center get?
a. 12 a. $33.00
b. 24 b. $45.50
c. 30 c. $60.33
d. 36 d. $70.00

295. A recipe calls for 1

14 cups four. If Larry wants 300. A construction job calls for 2

56 tons of sand.
to make 2
12
times the recipe, how much four Four trucks, each flled with
34
tons of sand,
does he need? arrive on the job. Is there enough sand, or is
a. 2

34 cups there too much sand for the job?
b. 3

18 cups a. There is not enough sand;
16
ton more is
needed.
c. 3

14 cups
b. There is not enough sand;

13 ton more is
d. 3

58 cups
needed.
c. There is

13 ton more sand than is needed.
296. An auditorium that holds 350 people currently
d. There is

16 ton more sand than is needed.
has 150 people seated in it. What part of the
auditorium is full?
301. A safety box has three layers of metal, each
a.

14
1 with a different width. If one layer is

18 -inch
b.


3 thick, a second layer is

16 -inch thick, and the
3
c.


7 total thickness is

34 -inch thick, what is the
3
d.
5
width of the third layer?
7
18 inch
a.


29 . Third-grade student Stephanie goes to the b. 5


inch
12
school nurse’s offce. Her temperature was 98° 11
c.
24
inch
Fahrenheit. What is her temperature in degrees 1
d.

inch
Celsius? C =

95 (F - 32) 2

a. 37.6°C
b. 36.7°C
c. 35.8°C
d. 31.1°C

298. The temperature recorded at 8 A.M. is 30°C.

What is the equivalent of this temperature in
degrees Fahrenheit? F =

95 C + 32
a. 59°F
b. 62°F
c. 86°F
d. 95°F

36
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– F RA CT I O N S –

Answer questions 302 and 303 using the following list Set 20 (Answers begin on page 153.)
of ingredients needed to make 16 brownies.
305. A certain congressional district has about
Deluxe Brownies 490,000 people living in it. The largest city in
2


cup butter
3 the area has 98,000 citizens. Which most accu-
5 squares (1 ounce each) unsweetened chocolate rately portrays the portion of the population of
1

12 cups sugar the district made up by the city?
2 teaspoons vanilla a.

15
2 eggs 2
b.
9

1 cup four 1
c.


4
3
302. How many brownies can be made if the baker d.


4
increases the recipe to include one cup of but-
ter? 306. A bag of jelly beans contains eight black beans,
a. 12 brownies ten green beans, three yellow beans, and nine
b. 16 brownies orange beans. What is the probability of select-
c. 24 brownies ing either a yellow or an orange bean?
d. 28 brownies a.

25
3
b.


10
303. How much sugar is needed in a recipe that c. 4



15
makes eight brownies? 1
d.


10
a. 3 cups
3
b.


4 cup 30 . Each piece of straight track for Ty’s electric
2
c.


3 cup train set is 6

12 inches long. If fve pieces of this
5 track are laid end to end, how long will the
d.


8 cup
track be?
304. George cuts his birthday cake into 10 equal a. 30

12 inches
pieces. If six people eat a piece of George’s b. 32 inches
cake, what fraction of the cake is left? c. 32

12 inches
3
a.


10 d. 32

58 inches
2
b.


5
3
c.


5 308. How many

14 -pound hamburgers can be made
5 from six pounds of ground beef?
d.


6
a. 18 hamburgers
b. 20

12 hamburgers
c. 24 hamburgers
d. 26

14 hamburgers

3
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– F RA CT I O N S –

309. Bart’s eight-ounce glass is

45 full of water. How 314. How many inches are in 4

12 feet?
many ounces of water does he have? a. 48 inches
a. 4

58 ounces b. 54 inches
b. 5 ounces c. 66 inches
c. 6 ounces d. 70 inches
d. 6

25 ounces
315. During the winter, Lucas missed 7

12 days of
310. Barbara can walk 3
14
miles in one hour. At that kindergarten due to being sick, while Brun-
rate, how many miles will she walk in 1
23
hilda missed only 4

14 days. How many fewer
hours? days did Brunhilda miss than Lucas?
a. 4

58 miles a. 3

14
b. 4
11
12 miles

b. 3

12
5
12 miles
c. 5

c. 3
56

d. 6 miles d. 4

311. Three friends evenly split 1

18 pounds of 316. To reach his tree house, Raymond must climb
peanuts. How many pounds will each 9

13 feet up a rope ladder, then 8

65 feet up the
person get? tree trunk. How far must Raymond climb
a.

14 pound altogether?
b. 3


pound a. 17

16 feet
8
1 7
c.

pound b. 17


12 feet
2
d. 5


pound c. 18
16
feet
8
d. 18

12 feet
2

12
312. Iris lives miles due east of the Sunnydale
Mall, and Raoul lives 4
12
miles due west of the 31 . Ralph’s newborn triplets weigh 4

38 pounds,
QuikMart, which is 1

21 miles due west of the 3

56 pounds, and 4

78 pounds. Harvey’s newborn
Sunnydale Mall. How far does Iris live from twins weigh 7

26 pounds and 9
103

pounds.
Raoul? Whose babies weigh more and by how much?
a. 8 miles a. Ralph’s triplets by 2

14 pounds
b. 8

12 miles b. Ralph’s triplets by 3

12 pounds
c. 9 miles
c. Harvey’s twins by 1

23 pounds
d. 9

12 miles
d. Harvey’s twins by 3
11
20 pounds

313. Ingrid’s kitchen is 9

34 feet long and 8

13 feet

318. Sofa bought a pound of vegetables and used

38
wide. How many square feet of tile does she
of it to make a salad. How many ounces of veg-
need to tile the foor?
etables are left after she makes the salad?
a. 71

12 square feet
a. 4 ounces
b. 72

14 square feet
b. 6 ounces
c. 81

14 square feet c. 8 ounces
d. 82

12 square feet d. 10 ounces

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319. Dani spent $6,300 on a used car. She paid $630 320. During an eight-hour workday, Bob spends
as a down payment. What fraction of the origi- two hours on the phone. What fraction of the
nal cost was the down payment? day does he spend on the phone?
1
a.


10 a.

13
1 1
b.


18 b.


4
1 1
c.


20 c.


5
1 1
d.


40 d.


8

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s e c t i o n

3 DECIMALS

T hese 10 sets of problems will familiarize you with arithmetic operations involving decimals (which
are really a special kind of fraction). You use decimals every day, in dealing with money, for exam-
ple. Units of measurement, such as populations, kilometers, inches, or miles, are also often
expressed in decimals. In this section you will get practice in working with mixed decimals, or numbers that
have digits on both sides of a decimal point, and the important tool of rounding, the method for estimat-
ing decimals.

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S et 21 (Answers begin on page 154.) 32 . 515 – 4.2 =

a. 5.108
321. 56.73647 rounded to the nearest hundredth is b. 51.08
equal to c. 510.8
a. 100 d. 5,108
b. 57
c. 56.74 328. 7.14 ¥ 7 =
d. 56.7 a. 499.8
b. 49.98
322. Which inequality is true? c. 49
a. 0.43 < 0.043 d. 4.98
b. 0.0043 > 0.43
c. 0.00043 > 0.043 329. 9.3 – 8.132 =
d. 0.043 > 0.0043 a. 1,168
b. 11.68
323. 78.09 + 19.367 = c. 1.68
a. 58.723 d. 1.168
b. 87.357
c. 97.457 330. 824 ¥ 0.18 =
d. 271.76 a. 0.14832
b. 14.832
324. 3.419 – 0.7 = c. 148.32
a. 34.12 d. 14,832
b. 2.719
c. 0.3412 331. 0.34 ¥ 0.56 =
d. 0.2719 a. 19.04
b. 1.904
325. 2.9 ∏ 0.8758 = c. 0.194
a. 3.31 d. 0.1904
b. 0.331
c. 0.302 332. What is fve and four hundredths written as
d. 0.0302 a decimal?
a. 0.054
326. 195.6 ∏ 7.2, rounded to the nearest hundredth, b. 0.54
is equal to c. 5.04
a. 271.67 d. 5.4
b. 27.17
c. 27.16 333. In the following decimal, which digit is in the
d. 2.717 hundredths place: 0.2153
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 5
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334. What is 0.2275 rounded to the nearest tenth? 340. 26.907 + 234.76 =
a. 0.2 a. 0.26167
b. 0.22 b. 26.1667
c. 0.3 c. 261.667
d. 0.5 d. 2,616.67

335. Which of the following decimals has an 8 in 341. 0.0224 + 0.0569 =

the thousandths place? a. 0.0793
a. 1.0068 b. 0.7
b. 1.0086 c. 0.739
c. 1.68 d. 0.793
d. 1.8006
342. 4.2 – 2.37 =
336. 6.75 ÷ 6.25 = a. 6.57
a. 1 b. 2.37
b. 1.08 c. 1.95
c. 1.8 d. 1.83
d. 12
343. What is another way to write 4.32 ¥ 1002?
a. 432
S et 22 (Answers begin on page 154.) b. 4,320
c. 43,200
33 . 0.321 + 6.5 + 64 = d. 432,000
a. 1.611
b. 70.821 344. 0.476 ÷ 7 =
c. 391.5 a. 6.8
d. 708.21 b. 0.68
c. 0.068
338. 0.42 ¥ 0.09 = d. 0.0068
a. 37.8
b. 3.78 345. 489.05 ¥ 0.25 =
c. 0.378 a. 0.12625
d. 0.0378 b. 122.2625
c. 1,222.625
339. 134.81 ÷ 34 = d. 12,625
a. 39.65
b. 3.965 346. What is another way to write 7.25 ¥ 103?
c. 3.0965 a. 72.5
d. 0.3965 b. 725
c. 7,250
d. 72,500

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34 . (4.1 ¥ 10-2)(3.8 ¥ 104) = 353. Which of the following decimals has the
a. 1.558 ¥ 10-8 greatest value?
b. 15.58 ¥ 10-2 a. 8.241
c. 1.558 ¥ 102 b. 8.2041
d. 1.558 ¥ 103 c. 8.2
d. 8.0241
-6
6.5 ¥ 10
348. ��
3.25 ¥ 10-3 =
a. 2 ¥ 10-9 354. Which of the following decimals has the
b. 2 ¥ 10-3 least value?
c. 2 ¥ 102 a. 0.97
d. 2 ¥ 103 b. 0.097
c. 0.0907
349. What is the product of 16 and 0.023? d. 0.0097
a. 3.68
b. 0.368 355. What is 43.0089 rounded to the nearest
c. 0.36 hundredth?
d. 0.0368 a. 43.008
b. 43.009
350. 0.75 + 0.518 = c. 43.01
a. 12.68 d. 43.1
b. 1.268
c. 0.1268 356. What is the sum of 13.008 + 52 + 0.69 rounded
d. 0.01268 to the nearest tenth?
a. 65.7
351. Which of the following numbers is NOT b. 65.077
between –0.06 and 1.06? c. 65.07
a. 0.06 d. 65
b. 0
c. –0.016 35 . 18.7772 + 23 + 0.8789 =
d. –0.16 a. 42.0656
b. 42.6561
c. 43.6165
S e t 23 (Answers begin on page 155.) d. 43.6561

352. Which of the following is the word form of the 358. 4 – 0.93 – 0.2 =
decimal 0.08? a. 28.7
a. eight hundredths b. 2.87
b. eight tenths c. 2.087
c. eight thousandths d. 2.0087
d. eight ten-thousandths

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359. Yuri and Catherine begin driving at the same 363. On Monday, Freida slept 6.45 hours; on Tues-
time but in opposite directions. If Yuri drives day, 7.32; on Wednesday, 5.1; on Thursday, 6.7;
60 miles per hour, and Catherine drives 70 and on Friday, she slept 8.9 hours. How many
miles per hour, how far apart are they after hours of sleep did she get over these fve days?
2.25 hours? a. 34.47 hours
a. 292.5 miles b. 36.78 hours
b. 300.5 miles c. 40.34 hours
c. 325.75 miles d. 42.67 hours
d. 350 miles
364. Last week, Felicity had $67.98 saved from
360. A garden store offers $0.75 off all pumpkins babysitting. She made another $15.75
after Halloween. If a certain pumpkin is priced babysitting this week and spent $27.58 on
at $3.20 after Halloween, what was the original mp3s. How much money does she have now?
price? a. $111.31
a. $2.45 b. $71.55
b. $3.75 c. $56.15
c. $3.95 d. $24.65
d. $4.05
365. Roommates Bob and Ted agreed to wallpaper
361. A bottle of apple juice contains 1.42 liters; a and carpet the living room and replace the
bottle of grape juice contains 1.89 liters. How sofa. The wallpaper costs $103.84, the carpet
many total liters of juice are there in the two costs $598.15, and the new sofa costs $768.56.
bottles? Bob agrees to pay for the carpet and wallpaper,
a. 0.47 liters and Ted agrees to pay for the sofa. How much
b. 2.31 liters more money will Ted spend than Bob?
c. 3.21 liters a. $76.55
d. 3.31 liters b. $72.19
c. $68.56
362. Over the last few years, the average number of d. $66.57
dogs in the neighborhood has dropped from
17.8 to 14.33. What is the decrease in the num- 366. Reams of copy paper cost $11.39 for fve cases.
ber of dogs in the neighborhood? How much would 100 cases cost?
a. 3.47 a. $56.95
b. 3.15 b. $68.34
c. 2.75 c. $227.80
d. 2.66 d. $1,139.00

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– DECIMA LS –

36 . A bartender earned a total of $87 in tips over 3 1. Melinda and Joaquin can restock an aisle at the
six days. What is the average amount of total supermarket in one hour working together.
tips earned per day? Melinda can restock an aisle in 1.5 hours work-
a. $15.50 ing alone, and it takes Joaquin two hours to
b. $15.00 restock an aisle alone. If they work together for
c. $14.50 two hours, and then work separately for
d. $14.00 another two hours, about how many aisles will
they have completed?
368. Eight coworkers decide to split a dinner bill a. 5
evenly, including tip. Each coworker paid b. 4.5
$23.65. What was the total cost of the bill, c. 4.33
including tip? d. 3.5
a. $188.25
b. $188.65 3 2. Patrick earns only ��13 of what Robin does. If
c. $189.00 Robin makes $21 per hour, how much does
d. $189.20 Patrick earn in a typical eight-hour workday?
a. $7
b. $56
S et 24 (Answers begin on page 156.) c. $112
d. $168
369. Samuel paid $5.96 for four pounds of cookies.
How much do the cookies cost per pound? 3 3. Reva earns $10 an hour for walking the neigh-
a. $2.33 bor’s dog. Today she can walk the dog for only
b. $2.15 45 minutes. How much will Reva earn today?
c. $1.96 a. $6.25
d. $1.49 b. $7.50
c. $7.75
3 0. One inch equals 2.54 centimeters. How many d. $8.00
centimeters are there in a foot?
a. 32.08 centimeters 3 4. A greyhound, Zelda, can run 35.25 miles an
b. 31.79 centimeters hour, while a cat, Spot, can run only ��14 that fast.
c. 30.48 centimeters How many miles per hour can Spot run,
d. 29.15 centimeters rounded to the nearest hundredth?
a. 8.25 miles per hour
b. 8.77 miles per hour
c. 8.81 miles per hour
d. 9.11 miles per hour

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3 5. A 600-page book is 1.5 inches thick. What is 3 9. If a bus weighs 2.5 tons, how many pounds
the thickness of each page? does it weigh? (one ton = 2,000 pounds)
a. 0.0010 inch a. 800 pounds
b. 0.0025 inch b. 4,500 pounds
c. 0.0030 inch c. 5,000 pounds
d. 0.0600 inch d. 5,500 pounds

3 6. Michael walks to school. He leaves each morn- 380. If Serena burns about 304.15 calories while
ing at 7:32 A.M. and arrives at school 15 min- walking quickly on her treadmill for 38.5 min-
utes later. If he travels at a steady rate of 4.5 utes, about how many calories does she burn
miles per hour, what is the distance between per minute?
his home and the school? (Distance = rate ¥ a. 7.09
time) b. 7.8
a. 1.1 miles c. 7.9
b. 1.125 miles d. 8.02
c. 1.5 miles
d. 2.5 miles 381. A truck is carrying 1,000 television sets; each
set weighs 21.48 pounds. What is the total
3 . For every dollar Kyra saves, her employer con- weight, in pounds, of the entire load?
tributes a dime to her savings, with a maxi- a. 214.8 pounds
mum employer contribution of $10 per b. 2,148 pounds
month. If Kyra saves $60 in January, $130 in c. 21,480 pounds
March, and $70 in April, how much will she d. 214,800 pounds
have in savings at the end of that time?
a. $270 382. Luis is mailing two packages. One weighs 12.9
b. $283 pounds, and the other weighs half as much.
c. $286 What is the total weight, in pounds, of the two
d. $290 packages?
a. 6.45 pounds
3 8. Quentin was shopping for a new washing b. 12.8 pounds
machine. The one he wanted to buy cost c. 18.5 pounds
$428.98. The salesperson informed him that d. 19.35 pounds
the same machine would be on sale the follow-
ing week for $399.99. How much money would 383. If it takes Danielle 22.4 minutes to walk 1.25
Quentin save by waiting until the washing miles, how many minutes will it take her to
machine went on sale? walk one mile?
a. $28.99 a. 17.92 minutes
b. $29.01 b. 18 minutes
c. $39.09 c. 19.9 minutes
d. $128.99 d. 21.15 minutes

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384. Mark’s temperature at 9:00 A.M. was 97.2°F. At 388. Fifteen-ounce cans of clam chowder sell at
4:00 P.M., his temperature was 99°F. By how three cans for $2. How much does one can
many degrees did his temperature rise? cost, rounded to the nearest cent?
a. 0.8° a. $0.60
b. 1.8° b. $0.66
c. 2.2° c. $0.67
d. 2.8° d. $0.70

389. For the month of July, Victoria purchased the

S et 25 (Answers begin on page 157.) following amounts of gasoline for her car: 9.4
gallons, 18.9 gallons, and 22.7 gallons. How
385. Jason had $40 in his wallet. He bought gasoline many gallons did she purchase in all?
for $12.90, a pack of gum for $0.45, and a a. 51 gallons
candy bar for $0.88. How much money did he b. 51.9 gallons
have left? c. 52 gallons
a. $14.23 d. 61 gallons
b. $25.67
c. $25.77 390. Manny works Monday through Friday each
d. $26.77 week. His bus fare to and from work every day
is $1.10 each way. How much does Manny
386. The price of cheddar cheese is $2.12 per spend on bus fare each week?
pound. The price of Monterey Jack cheese is a. $10.10
$2.34 per pound. If Harrison buys 1.5 pounds b. $11.00
of cheddar and one pound of Monterey Jack, c. $11.10
how much will he spend in all? d. $11.20
a. $3.18
b. $4.46 391. If one centimeter equals 0.39 inches, about
c. $5.41 how many centimeters are there in 0.75 inches?
d. $5.52 a. 1.923 centimeters
b. 1.75 centimeters
38 . From a 100-foot ball of string, Randy cuts c. 0.52 centimeter
three pieces of the following lengths: 5.8 feet, d. 0.2925 centimeter
3.2 feet, and 4.4 feet. How many feet of string
are left? 392. 5.133 multipled by 10-6 is equal to
a. 66.0 feet a. 0.0005133
b. 86.6 feet b. 0.00005133
c. 87.6 feet c. 0.000005133
d. 97.6 feet d. 0.0000005133

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393. On a business trip, Felicia went out to lunch. 39 . Rene’s car used 23.92 gallons of fuel on a
The shrimp cocktail cost $5.95, the blackened 517.6-mile trip. How many miles per gallon
swordfsh with grilled vegetables cost $11.70, did the car get, rounded to the nearest
the cherry cheesecake cost $4.79, and the coffee hundredth?
was $1.52. What was Felicia’s total bill, not a. 18.46 miles per gallon
including tax and tip? b. 21.64 miles per gallon
a. $23.96 c. 26.14 miles per gallon
b. $26.93 d. 29.61 miles per gallon
c. $29.63
d. $32.99 398. Faron ran a 200-meter race in 23.7 seconds.
Gene ran it in 22.59 seconds. How many fewer
394. Hal wants to buy a used car to take to college. seconds did it take Gene than Faron?
The car costs $4,999.95. For graduation, he a. 0.97 second
received gifts of $200.00, $157.75, and $80.50. b. 1.01 seconds
His little brother gave him $1.73, and he saved c. 1.11 seconds
$4,332.58 from his summer job. How much d. 2.17 seconds
more money does he need?
a. $227.39 399. Mabel bought 2.756 pounds of sliced turkey,
b. $272.93 3.2 pounds of roast beef, and 5.59 pounds of
c. $722.93 bologna. How many total pounds of meat did
d. $772.39 Mabel buy, rounded to the nearest tenth?
a. 10.03 pounds
395. A football team must move the ball ten yards b. 11.5 pounds
in four plays in order to keep possession of the c. 12.75 pounds
ball. The home team has just run a play in d. 13.4 pounds
which they gained 2.75 yards. How many yards
remain in order to keep possession of the ball? 400. Kathleen types about 41.46 words per minute.
a. 6.50 yards At this rate, about how many words can she
b. 6.75 yards type in eight minutes?
c. 7.25 yards a. 5.18
d. 8.25 yards b. 33.46
c. 330.88
396. Heather wants to build a deck that is 8.245 feet d. 331.68
by 9.2 feet. How many square feet will the deck
be? (Area = length ¥ width)
a. 17.4450 square feet
b. 34.9280 square feet
c. 75.8540 square feet
d. 82.4520 square feet

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S et 26 (Answers begin on page 157.) 404. On Monday, Luna had $792.78 in her checking
account. On Tuesday, she deposited her
401. Ingrid has 7.5 pounds of candy for trick-or- $1,252.60 paycheck. On Wednesday, she paid
treaters. She gives a vampire 0.25 pounds, a her rent, which is $650. On Thursday, she paid
fairy princess 0.53 pounds, and a horse 1.16 her electric, cable, and phone bills, which were
pounds. She eats 0.12 pounds. How much $79.35, $54.23, and $109.56, respectively. How
candy is left? much money is left in Luna’s account?
a. 5.44 pounds a. $1,348.90
b. 5.3 pounds b. $1,152.24
c. 4.7 pounds c. $965.73
d. 4.55 pounds d. $893.14

402. Ophelia drives from her home to the grocery 405. Mya has a rectangular picture frame with an
store, which is 6.2 miles. Then she goes to the opening that is 11.25 inches by 8.75 inches.
bookstore, which is 3.4 more miles. Next, she What is the area, rounded to the nearest hun-
goes to the bakery, which is 0.82 more miles. dredth, of the opening?
Then she drives the 5.9 miles home. How many a. 20 square inches
miles total did she drive? b. 92.81 square inches
a. 12.91 miles c. 98.43 square inches
b. 13.6 miles d. 98.44 square inches
c. 16.32 miles
d. 18.7 miles 406. Michael’s favorite cake recipe calls for 0.75
pounds of four; he has a fve-pound bag. He
403. Ken wants to make slip covers for his dining wants to make several cakes for the school bake
room chairs. Each chair requires 4.75 yards of sale. How many cakes can he make?
fabric. Ken has 20.34 yards of fabric. How a. 5
many chairs can he cover? b. 6
a. 3 c. 7
b. 4 d. 8
c. 5
d. 6 40 . Hannah walks to work every day, sometimes
completing errands along the way. On Monday,
she walked 0.75 mile; Tuesday, 1.2 miles;
Wednesday, 1.68 miles; Thursday, 0.75 mile;
and on Friday, she drove to work with Earl. On
the days she walked, what was the average dis-
tance Hannah walked each day?
a. 2.78 miles
b. 1.231 miles
c. 1.095 miles
d. 0.75 mile

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408. Seven people are at the beach for a clambake. 412. Gail has to water a 0.25-acre garden on Mon-
They have dug 12.6 pounds of clams. They day, a 1.02-acre garden on Tuesday, and a 0.36-
each eat the following amounts of clams: 0.34 acre garden on Wednesday. How many acres
pound, 1.6 pounds, 0.7 pound, 1.265 pounds, total does she have to water in the three days?
0.83 pound, 1.43 pounds, 0.49 pound. How a. 1.63 acres
many pounds of clams are left? b. 1.53 acres
a. 7.892 pounds c. 1.38 acres
b. 6.655 pounds d. 1.27 acres
c. 5.945 pounds
d. 4.56 pounds 413. Lilly is going to recarpet her living room. The
dimensions of the room are 15.6 feet by 27.75
409. A certain professional baseball player earns $2.4 feet. How many square feet of carpet will
million a year. A certain professional football she need?
player earns $1.025 million a year. How much a. 315.8 square feet
less per year is the football player earning than b. 329.25 square feet
the baseball player? c. 409.5 square feet
a. $1.15 million d. 432.9 square feet
b. $1.375 million
c. $1.46 million 414. A movie is scheduled for two hours. The
d. $2.46 million theater advertisements are 3.8 minutes long.
There are two previews; one is 4.6 minutes
410. A carpet costs $2.89 per square foot. How long, and the other is 2.9 minutes long. The
much carpet, rounded to the nearest square rest of the time is devoted to the feature. How
foot, could be purchased with $76? long is the feature flm?
a. 25 square feet a. 94.321 minutes
b. 26 square feet b. 97.5 minutes
c. 27 square feet c. 108.7 minutes
d. 38 square feet d. 118.98 minutes

411. Philip has worked 34.75 hours of his usual 415. Tommy is making hats for the kids in the
39.5-hour week. How many hours does he have neighborhood. He needs 0.65 yard of fabric for
left to work? each hat; he has ten yards of fabric. How many
a. 5.25 hours hats can he make?
b. 4.75 hours a. 13
c. 4.00 hours b. 14
d. 3.75 hours c. 15
d. 16

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416. Over the weekend, Maggie watched 11.78 420. Fred walks 0.75 mile to school; Ramona walks
hours of television, Jenny watched 6.9 hours, 1.3 miles; Xena walks 2.8 miles; and Paul walks
Chas watched seven hours, and Manny 0.54 mile. What is the total distance the four
watched 2.45 hours. How much television did walk to school?
they watch, in total, over the weekend? a. 4.13 miles
a. 26.786 hours b. 4.78 miles
b. 28.13 hours c. 5.39 miles
c. 30.79 hours d. 5.63 miles
d. 32.85 hours
421. Jane is driving 46.75 miles per hour. How far
will she go in 15 minutes?
S et 27 (Answers begin on page 158.) a. 14.78 miles
b. 12.543 miles
41 . Carol wants to enclose a rectangular area in her c. 11.6875 miles
backyard for her children’s swing set. This sec- d. 10.7865 miles
tion of the yard measures 16.25 feet by 20.25
feet. How many feet of fencing will she need to 422. After stopping at a rest stop, Jane continues to
enclose this section? drive at 46.75 miles per hour. How far will she
a. 36.5 feet go in 3.80 hours?
b. 52.75 feet a. 143.78 miles
c. 73 feet b. 177.65 miles
d. 329.06 feet c. 213.46 miles
d. 222.98 miles
418. In the new television season, an average of 7.9
million people watched one network; an aver- 423. Bob notices that the ratio of boys to the total
age of 8.6 million people watched another. students in his class is 3:4. If there are 28 stu-
How many more viewers did the second net- dents in his class, how many of them are boys?
work average than the frst? a. 7
a. 0.5 million b. 14
b. 0.6 million c. 21
c. 0.7 million d. 24
d. 0.8 million
424. District C spends about $4,446.00 on diesel
419. A writer earns $1.13 per book sold. How much fuel each week. If the cost of diesel fuel to the
will she earn when 100 books have district is about $1.17 per gallon, about how
been sold? many gallons of diesel fuel does the district use
a. $11.30 in one week?
b. $113.00 a. 3,800 gallons
c. $1,130.00 b. 3,810 gallons
d. $11,300.00 c. 3,972 gallons
d. 5,202 gallons

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425. If one inch equals 2.54 centimeters, how many 430. If Katie’s cat weighs 8.5 pounds, what is the
inches are there in 20.32 centimeters? approximate weight of the cat in kilograms?
a. 7.2 inches (one kilogram = about 2.2 pounds)
b. 8 inches a. 2.9 kilograms
c. 9 inches b. 3.9 kilograms
d. 10.2 inches c. 8.5 kilograms
d. 18.7 kilograms
426. Kendra earns $12.50 an hour. When she works
more than eight hours in one day, she earns 1��12 431. If a worker is given a pay increase of $1.25 per
times her regular hourly wage. If she earns hour, what is the total amount of the pay
$137.50 for one day’s work, how many hours increase for one 40-hour week?
did she work that day? a. $49.20
a. 8.5 hours b. $50.00
b. 9 hours c. $50.25
c. 10 hours d. $51.75
d. 11 hours
432. A teacher purchased a number of supplies to
42 . If a car travels at a speed of 62 miles per hour start the new school year. The costs are listed as
for 15 minutes, how far will it travel? follows: $12.98, $5.68, $20.64, and $6.76. What
(Distance = rate ¥ time) is the total cost?
a. 9.3 miles a. $45.96
b. 15.5 miles b. $46.06
c. 16 miles c. $46.16
d. 24.8 miles d. $47.16

428. If the speed of light is 3.00 ¥ 108 meters per

second, how far would a beam of light travel in Set 28 (Answers begin on page 159.)
2,000 seconds?
a. 1.50 ¥ 105 meters 433. A frefghter determines that the length of hose
b. 6.00 ¥ 105 meters needed to reach a particular building is 175
c. 1.50 ¥ 1011 meters feet. If the available hoses are 45 feet long, how
d. 6.00 ¥ 1011 meters many sections of hose, when connected
together, will it take to reach the building?
429. Which of the following rope lengths is longest? a. 2
(one centimeter = 0.39 inches) b. 3
a. 1 meter c. 4
b. 1 yard d. 5
c. 32 inches
d. 85 centimeters

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434. Approximately how many liters of water will a 438. If the average person throws away 3.5 pounds
10-gallon container hold? (one liter = 1.06 of trash every day, how much trash would the
quarts) average person throw away in one week?
a. 9 liters a. 24.5 pounds
b. 32 liters b. 31.5 pounds
c. 38 liters c. 40.2 pounds
d. 42 liters d. 240 pounds

435. If one gallon of water weighs 8.35 pounds, a 439. If production line A can produce 12.5 units in
25-gallon container of water would most an hour, and production line B can produce
nearly weigh 15.25 units in an hour, how long will produc-
a. 173 pounds. tion line A have to work to produce the same
b. 200 pounds. amount of units as production line B does in
c. 209 pounds. one hour?
d. 215 pounds. a. 1 hour
b. 1.22 hours
436. Roger wants to know if he has enough money c. 1.50 hours
to purchase several items. He needs three heads d. 1.72 hours
of lettuce, which cost $0.99 each, and two
boxes of cereal, which cost $3.49 each. He uses 440. Benito earns $12.50 for each hour that he
the expression (3 ¥ $0.99) + (2 ¥ $3.49) to cal- works. If Benito works 8.5 hours per day, fve
culate how much the items will cost. Which of days a week, how much does he earn in a week?
the following expressions could also be used? a. $100.00
a. 3 ¥ ($3.49 + $0.99) – $3.49 b. $106.25
b. 3 ¥ ($3.49 + $0.99) c. $406.00
c. (2 + 3) ¥ ($3.49 + $0.99) d. $531.25
d. (2 ¥ 3) + ($3.49 ¥ $0.99)
441. Des Moines recently endured a snow storm
43 . If you take recyclables to whichever recycler will that left a total of eight inches of snow. If it
pay the most, what is the greatest amount of snowed at a consistent rate of three inches
money you could get for 2,200 pounds of alu- every two hours, how much snow had fallen in
minum, 1,400 pounds of cardboard, 3,100 the frst fve hours of the storm?
pounds of glass, and 900 pounds of plastic? a. 3 inches
b. 3.3 inches
RECYCLER ALUMINUM CARDBOARD GLASS PLASTIC
c. 5 inches
X $0.06/pound $0.03/pound $0.08/pound $0.02/pound
d. 7.5 inches
Y $0.07/pound $0.04/pound $0.07/pound $0.03/pound

a. $409
b. $440
c. $447
d. $454

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442. A family eats at Joe’s Grill and orders the fol- 446. An offce uses two dozen pencils and 3�12� reams
lowing items from the menu: of paper each week. If pencils cost fve cents
Hamburger $2.95 each and a ream of paper costs $7.50, how
Cheeseburger $3.35 much does it cost to supply the offce for a
Chicken Sandwich $3.95 week?
Grilled Cheese $1.95 a. $7.55
If the family orders two hamburgers, b. $12.20
one cheeseburger, two chicken sandwiches, c. $26.25
and one grilled cheese, what is the total cost d. $27.45
of their order?
a. $15.15 44 . If a particular woman’s resting heartbeat is 72
b. $17.10 beats per minute and she is at rest for 6��12
c. $18.05 hours, about how many times will her heart
d. $19.10 beat during that period of time?
a. 4,320
443. If a physical education student burns 8.2 calo- b. 4,680
ries per minute while riding a bicycle, how c. 28,080
many calories will the same student burn if she d. 43,200
rides for 35 minutes?
a. 246 448. Sarah makes 2.5 times more money per hour
b. 286 than Connor does. If Connor earns $7.20 per
c. 287 hour, how much does Sarah make per hour?
d. 387 a. $9.70
b. $14.40
444. It takes a student 0.75 seconds to type one c. $18.00
word. At this rate, how many words can the d. $180.00
student type in 60 seconds?
a. 8
b. 45 Set 29 (Answers begin on page 160.)
c. 75
d. 80 449. It takes fve-year-old Carlos 1.6 minutes to tie
the lace on his right shoe and 1.5 minutes to tie
445. John’s Market sells milk for $2.24 per gallon. the lace on his left shoe. How many minutes
Food Supply sells the same milk for $2.08 per does it take Carlos to tie both shoes?
gallon. If Mitzi buys two gallons of milk at a. 2.1 minutes
Food Supply instead of John’s, how much will b. 3.0 minutes
she save? c. 3.1 minutes
a. $0.12 d. 4.1 minutes
b. $0.14
c. $0.32
d. $0.38

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450. Alicia rode her bicycle a total of 25.8 miles in 455. On Wednesday morning, Yoder’s Appliance
three days. On average, how many miles did Service had a balance of $2,354.82 in its check-
she ride each day? ing account. If the bookkeeper wrote a total of
a. 8.06 miles $867.59 worth of checks that day, how much
b. 8.6 miles was left in the checking account?
c. 8.75 miles a. $1,487.23
d. 8.9 miles b. $1,487.33
c. $1,496.23
451. If one inch equals 2.54 centimeters, how many d. $1,587.33
inches are there in 254 centimeters?
1
a. ��
10 inch 456. If Nanette cuts a length of ribbon that is 13.5
b. 10 inches inches long into four equal pieces, how long
c. 100 inches will each piece be?
d. 1,000 inches a. 3.3075 inches
b. 3.375 inches
452. Erin ran 6.45 miles on Monday, 5.9 miles on c. 3.3805 inches
Tuesday, and 6.75 miles on Wednesday. What is d. 3.385 inches
the total number of miles Erin ran?
a. 19.1 45 . At age six, Zack weighed 40.6 pounds. By age
b. 19.05 seven, Zack weighed 46.1 pounds. How much
c. 17 weight did he gain in that one year?
d. 13.79 a. 4.5 pounds
b. 5.5 pounds
453. Joel’s resting heart rate is about 71 beats per c. 5.7 pounds
minute. If Joel is at rest for 35.2 minutes, about d. 6.5 pounds
how many times will his heart beat during that
period of time? 458. While on a three-day vacation, the Wilsons
a. 2,398.4 spent the following amounts on motel rooms:
b. 2,408.4 $52.50, $47.99, and $49.32. What is the total
c. 2,490.3 amount they spent?
d. 2,499.2 a. $139.81
b. $148.81
454. If one pound of chicken costs $2.79, how much c. $148.83
does 0.89 pound of chicken cost, rounded to d. $149.81
the nearest cent?
a. $2.40 459. Jake grew 0.6 inch during his senior year in
b. $2.48 high school. If he was 68.8 inches tall at the
c. $2.68 beginning of his senior year, how tall was he at
d. $4.72 the end of the year?
a. 69.0 inches
b. 69.2 inches
c. 69.4 inches
d. 74.8 inches
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460. For a science project, Stacy and Tina are 464. Bart and Sam mow lawns at the same rate. If it
measuring the length of two caterpillars. takes Bart and Sam about 0.67 hour to mow
Stacy’s caterpillar is 2.345 centimeters long. one half acre lawn together, about how many
Tina’s caterpillar is 0.0005 centimeter longer. hours would it take Bart alone to mow fve half
How long is Tina’s caterpillar? acre lawns?
a. 2.0345 centimeters a. 3.35 hours
b. 2.3455 centimeters b. 4.35 hours
c. 2.5455 centimeters c. 5.75 hours
d. 2.845 centimeters d. 6.7 hours

461. About how many quarts of water will a

3.25-liter container hold? (one liter = 1.06 Set 30 (Answers begin on page 160.)
quarts)
a. 3.045 quarts 465. The town of Crystal Point collected $84,493.26
b. 3.066 quarts in taxes last year. This year, the town collected
c. 3.445 quarts $91,222.30 in taxes. How much more money
d. 5.2 quarts did the town collect this year?
a. $6,729.04
462. Jessica has basic cable television service at a b. $6,729.14
cost of $33.95 per month. If she adds the c. $6,739.14
movie channels, it will cost an additional $5.70 d. $7,829.04
per month. The sports channels cost another
$4.89 per month. If Jessica adds the movie 466. It took Darren 3.75 hours to drive 232.8 miles.
channels and the sports channels, what will her What was his average mile per hour speed?
total monthly payment be? a. 62.08 miles per hour
a. $43.54 b. 62.8 miles per hour
b. $43.55 c. 63.459 miles per hour
c. $44.54 d. 71.809 miles per hour
d. $54.54
46 . Marly has budgeted $100.00 for the week to
463. The fares collected for one bus on Route G47 spend on food. If she buys a beef roast that
on Monday are as follows: Run 1—$419.50, costs $12.84 and four pounds of shrimp that
Run 2—$537.00, Run 3—$390.10, Run 4— cost $3.16 per pound, how much of her weekly
$425.50. What is the total amount collected? food budget will she have left?
a. $1,661.10 a. $74.52
b. $1,762.20 b. $80.00
c. $1,772.10 c. $84.00
d. $1,881.00 d. $86.62

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468. Three 15.4-inch pipes are laid end to end. 4 2. Ingrid has two pieces of balsa wood. Piece A
What is the total length of the pipes in feet? is 0.724 centimeter thick. Piece B is 0.0076
(one foot = 12 inches) centimeter thicker than Piece A. How thick
a. 3.02 feet is Piece B?
b. 3.2 feet a. 0.8 centimeter
c. 3.85 feet b. 0.7316 centimeter
d. 4.62 feet c. 0.7164 centimeter
d. 0.08 centimeter
469. If one ounce equals 28.571 grams, 12.1 ounces
is equal to how many grams? 4 3. Michael has a $20 bill and a $5 bill in his wallet
a. 37.63463 grams and $1.29 in change in his pocket. If he buys a
b. 343.5473 grams half gallon of ice cream that costs $4.89,
c. 345.7091 grams how much money will he have left?
d. 376.3463 grams a. $22.48
b. $22.30
4 0. Theresa is weighing objects in kilograms. A c. $21.48
book weighs 0.923 kilogram, a pencil weighs d. $21.40
0.029 kilogram, and an eraser weighs 0.1153
kilogram. What is the total weight of the three 4 4. The butcher at Al’s Meat Market divided
objects? ground beef into eight packages. If each pack-
a. 0.4353 kilogram age weighs 0.75 pound and he has 0.04 pound
b. 1.0673 kilograms of ground beef left over, how many pounds of
c. 1.4283 kilograms ground beef did he start with?
d. 10.673 kilograms a. 5.064 pounds
b. 5.64 pounds
4 1. The Cougars played three basketball games last c. 6.04 pounds
week. Monday’s game lasted 113.9 minutes, d. 6.4 pounds
Wednesday’s game lasted 106.7 minutes, and
Friday’s game lasted 122 minutes. What was 4 5. It is 19.85 miles from Jacqueline’s home to her
the average time, in minutes, for the three job. If she works fve days a week and drives to
games? work, how many miles does Jacqueline drive
a. 77.6 minutes each week?
b. 103.2 minutes a. 99.25 miles
c. 114.2 minutes b. 188.5 miles
d. 115.6 minutes c. 190.85 miles
d. 198.5 miles

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4 6. Phil and Alice went out to dinner and spent a 4 9. A survey has shown that a family of four can
total of $42.09. If they tipped the waiter $6.25 save about $40 a week if they purchase generic
and the tip was included in their total bill, how items rather than brand-name ones. How
much did their meal alone cost? much can a particular family save over six
a. $35.84 months? (one month = 4.3 weeks)
b. $36.74 a. $1,032
c. $36.84 b. $1,300
d. $48.34 c. $1,310
d. $1,320
4 . Antoine earns $8.30 an hour for the frst 40
hours he works each week. For every hour he 480. The Benton High School girls’ relay team ran
works overtime, he earns 1.5 times his regular the mile in 6.32 minutes in April. By May, they
hourly wage. If Antoine worked 44 hours last were able to run the same race in 6.099 min-
week, how much money did he earn? utes. By how many minutes had their time
a. $337.50 improved?
b. $365.20 a. 0.221 minute
c. $381.80 b. 0.339 minute
d. $547.80 c. 0.467 minute
d. 0.67 minute
4 8. The highest temperature in Spring Valley on
September 1 was 93.6°F. On September 2, the
highest temperature was 0.8° higher than on
September 1. On September 3, the temperature
was 11.6° lower than on September 2. What
was the temperature on September 3?
a. 74°F
b. 82.2°F
c. 82.8°F
d. 90°F

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s e c t i o n

4 PERCENTAGES

T he following 10 sets of problems deal with percentages, which, like decimals, are a special kind
of fraction. Percentages have many everyday uses, from fguring the tip in a restaurant to under-
standing complicated interest and infation rates. This section will give you practice in working
with the relationship between percents, decimals, and fractions, and with converting from one to another.
You will also practice ratios and proportions.

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Se t 31 (Answers begin on page 161.) 48 . 4

15 % =

a. 420%
481. 6% = b. 42%
a. 6.0 c. 4.20%
b. 0.6 d. 0.420%
c. 0.06
d. 0.006 488. 20% =
a. 0.0002
482. 9% = b. 0.002
a. 9.0 c. 0.02
b. 0.9 d. 0.2
c. 0.09
d. 0.009 489.

14 % =
a. 0.0025%
483. 37% = b. 0.025%
a. 0.037 c. 0.25%
b. 0.37 d. 25%
c. 3.07
d. 3.7 490.

14 =
a. 25%
484. 3.04% = b. 0.25%
a. 0.0304 c. 0.025%
b. 0.304 d. 0.0025%
c. 3.04
d. 304 491. 0.66 is equal to
a. 66%
485. 500% = b. 6.6%
a. 0.05 c. 0.66%
b. 0.5 d. 0.066%
c. 5.0
d. 50.0 492. 25% =
1
a.
25

25
486. 0.23 = b.

100

a. 2.3% c. 25



10
b. 23% 25
d.


1
c. 230%
d. 2,300% 493. 625% =
a. 62

14
b. 6

14
c. 0.6

41
d. 0.625

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494. 32% = 500. 72% =

1
a.


32 a. 0.0072
1 b. 0.072
b.


25
8 c. 0.72
c.


25
8 d. 7.2
d.


32

501. Which of the following is 16% of 789?

495. 70% of 600 is
a. 12.624
a. 180
b. 66.276
b. 320
c. 126.24
c. 420
d. 662.76
d. 480
502. What percentage of 12,000 is 216?
496. 40% of 240 is
a. 1,800%
a. 96
b. 180%
b. 98
c. 18%
c. 120
d. 1.8%
d. 144
503. What percentage of 700 is 1,225?
a. 57%
S e t 32 (Answers begin on page 162.) b. 60%
c. 125%
49 . 53% of 765 = d. 175%
a. 359.55
b. 395.55 504. What is 4

14 % of 574, rounded to the
c. 405.45 nearest tenth?
d. 405.54 a. 20
b. 24.3
498. 200% of 40 = c. 24.4
a. 4 d. 30
b. 60
c. 80 505. 62.5% =
d. 100 1
a.


16
5
b.


8
499. 30% of 39 =
c. 6

41
a. 27.3
b. 11.7 d. 6

25
c. 2.73
6
d. 1.17 506. Convert


80 to a percentage.
a. 0.75%
b. 0.075%
c. 7.5%
d. 75%

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50 . Approximately how much money is a 20% tip Set 33 (Answers begin on page 163.)
on a restaurant bill of $16?
a. $0.32 513. 25% of what number is 18?
b. $3.20 a. 8
c. $6.40 b. 36
d. $12.80 c. 54
d. 72
508. Approximately how much money is a 15% tip
on a restaurant bill of $24? 514. Which of the following phrases
a. $2.40 means “percent”?
b. $3.20 a. per part
c. $3.60 b. per 100 parts
d. $4.80 c. per fraction
d. per decimal
509. What is 53.2% of 18?
a. 0.8424 515. Which of the following terms is best described
b. 0.9579 as “a comparison of two numbers”?
c. 8.424 a. variable
d. 9.576 b. coeffcient
c. ratio
510. What is 0.4% of 30? d. radical
a. 12
b. 1.2 516. Which of the following is equal to 0.34?
c. 0.12 a. 34
d. 0.012 34
b.


10
100
511. What is 42% of 6? c.


34
a. 0.00252 d.

34


100
b. 0.025
c. 0.252 51 . 500% of 1.6 is
d. 2.52 a. 8,000
b. 800
512. 60% is equivalent to c. 80
6
a. 0.6 and
10

d. 8
6
b. 6.0 and


10
10 518. What percent of 50 is 12?
c. 0.6 and


6
6
d. 0.06 and

a. 24%
10
b. 14%
c. 4%
d. 0.4%

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519. 21.12 is 12% of what number? 525. Yetta just got a raise of 3

14 %. Her original
a. 253.44 salary was $30,600. How much does she
b. 176 make now?
c. 12 a. $30,594.50
d. 2.5344 b. $31,594.50
c. $32,094.50
5
520. Convert


20 to a percent.
d. $32,940.50
a. 5%
b. 20% Use the following passage to answer question 526.
c. 25%
d. 100% Basic cable television service, which includes
16 channels, costs $15 a month. The initial
521. 0.8 = labor fee to install the service is $25. A $65
a. 0.8% deposit is required but will be refunded within
b. 8% two years if the customer’s bills are paid in full.
c. 80% Other cable services may be added to the basic
d. 800% service: The movie channels are $9.40 a month;
the news channels are $7.50 a month; the arts
522.
14
¥ 100% = channels are $5.00 a month; and the sports
a. 25% channels are $4.80 a month.
b. 2.5%
c. 2% 526. A customer’s cable television bill totaled $20
d. 0.25% per month. What portion of the bill was for
basic cable service?
523. Membership dues at Arnold’s Gym are $53 per a. 25%
month this year, but were $50 per month last b. 33%
year. What was the percentage increase in the c. 50%
gym’s prices? d. 75%
a. 3.0%
b. 6.0% 52 . Gloria has fnished reading 30% of a 340-page
c. 6.5% novel. How many pages has she read?
d. 9.0% a. 102
b. 103
524. Lucille spent 12% of her weekly earnings on c. 105
DVDs and deposited the rest into her savings d. 113
account. If she spent $42 on DVDs, how much
did she deposit into her savings account?
a. $42
b. $308
c. $318
d. $350

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528. Ten students from the 250-student senior class 532. The price of gasoline drops from $1.00 per gal-
at Jefferson High School have received full col- lon to $0.95 per gallon. What is the percent of
lege scholarships. What percentage of the sen- decrease?
ior class received full college scholarships? a. 2%
a. 2% b. 3%
b. 4% c. 4%
c. 10% d. 5%
d. 25%
533. A certain power company gives a 1

12 % discount
if a customer pays the bill at least 10 days
Se t 34 (Answers begin on page 163.) before the due date. If Inez pays her $48.50 bill
10 days early, how much money will she save,
529. Kirsten’s dinner at a local restaurant cost rounded to the nearest cent?
$13.85. If she wants to leave the server a tip a. $0.49
that equals 20% of the cost of her dinner, how b. $0.73
much of a tip should she leave? c. $1.50
a. $2.00 d. $7.28
b. $2.67
c. $2.77 534. Each year, on average, 24 of the 480 students at
d. $3.65 a certain high school are members of the sci-
ence team. What percentage of students is on
530. This month, attendance at the baseball stadium the science team?
was 150% of the attendance last month. If a. 0.05%
attendance this month was 280,000, what was b. 0.5%
the attendance last month, rounded to the c. 5%
nearest whole number? d. 15%
a. 140,000
b. 176,670 535. Marty and Phyllis arrive late for a movie and
c. 186,667 miss 10% of it. The movie is 90 minutes long.
d. 205,556 How many minutes did they miss?
a. 10 minutes
531. Edward purchased a house for $70,000. Five b. 9 minutes
years later, he sold it for an 18% proft. What c. 8 minutes
was his selling price? d. 7 minutes
a. $82,600
b. $83,600 536. Jeremy ate three ounces of a 16-ounce carton
c. $85,500 of ice cream. What percentage of the carton
d. $88,000 did he eat?
a. 19.50%
b. 18.75%
c. 17.25%
d. 16.75%

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53 . Wendy’s pay is $423.00; 19% of that is sub- 542. Rookie police offcers must buy duty shoes at
tracted for taxes. How much is her take-home the full price of $84.50, but offcers who have
pay? served at least a year get a 15% discount. Off-
a. $342.63 cers who have served at least three years get an
b. $355.46 additional 10% off the discounted price. How
c. $404.44 much does an offcer who has served at least
d. $455.45 three years have to pay for shoes?
a. $63.78
538. In the accounting department at a university, b. $64.65
60% of the students are women and 250 of the c. $71.83
students are men. How many accounting stu- d. $72.05
dents are there in all?
a. 40 543. At the city park, 32% of the trees are oaks. If
b. 375 there are 400 trees in the park, how many trees
c. 625 are NOT oaks?
d. 675 a. 128
b. 272
539. A ticket to an evening movie at a theater costs c. 278
$7.50. The cost of popcorn at the concession d. 312
stand is equal to 80% of the cost of a ticket.
How much does the popcorn cost? 544. The town of Centerville spends 15% of its
a. $5.50 annual budget on its public library. If Center-
b. $6.00 ville spent $3,000 on its public library this year,
c. $6.50 what was its annual budget this year?
d. $7.00 a. $15,000
b. $20,000
540. This week the stock market closed at 8,990 c. $35,000
points. Last week it closed at 7,865 points. d. $45,000
What was the percentage of increase this week,
rounded to the nearest whole number percent?
a. 14% Set 35 (Answers begin on page 164.)
b. 15%
c. 85% 545. Of the 1,200 movies available for download,
d. 86% 420 are comedies. What percent of the movies
are comedies?
541. Veronique borrowed $10,000 from her uncle a. 28

12 %
Kevin and agreed to pay him 4.5% interest, b. 30%
compounded yearly. How much interest did c. 32%
she owe the frst year? d. 35%
a. $100
b. $145
c. $400
d. $450
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546. Toby, a golden retriever, gained 5.1 pounds this 551. Pam’s monthly food budget is equal to 40% of
month. If Toby now weighs 65.1 pounds, what her monthly house payment. If her food
is the percent increase in Toby’s weight? budget is $200 a month, how much is her
a. 5.9% house payment each month?
b. 6% a. $340
c. 8.5% b. $400
d. 9.1% c. $500
d. $540
54 . Glenda bought a sofa-sleeper at a 10%-off sale
and paid the sale price of $575.00. What was 552. If container A holds eight gallons of water, and
the price, rounded to the nearest cent, of the container B holds 12% more than container A,
sofa-sleeper before the discount? how many gallons of water does container B
a. $585.00 hold?
b. $587.56 a. 8.12 gallons
c. $633.89 b. 8.48 gallons
d. $638.89 c. 8.96 gallons
d. 9.00 gallons
548. Nathan saves 5

14 % of his weekly salary. If
Nathan earns $380 per week, how much does 553. Thirty-fve cents is what percent of $1.40?
he save each week? a. 25%
a. $19.95 b. 40%
b. $20.52 c. 45%
c. $21.95 d. 105%
d. $25.20
554. The White-Bright Toothbrush Company hired
549. Erin has completed 70% of her homework. If 30 new employees. This hiring increased the
she has been doing homework for 42 minutes, company’s total workforce by 5%. How many
how many more minutes does she have left to employees now work at White-Bright?
work? a. 530
a. 15 minutes b. 600
b. 18 minutes c. 605
c. 20.5 minutes d. 630
d. 60 minutes
555. Matthew had 200 baseball cards. He sold 5% of
550. Terrill cuts a piece of rope into three pieces. the cards on Saturday and 10% of the remain-
One piece is eight feet long, one piece is seven ing cards on Sunday. How many cards are left?
feet long, and one piece is fve feet long. The a. 170
shortest piece of rope is what percent of the b. 171
original length before the rope was cut? c. 175
a. 4% d. 185
b. 18.5%
c. 20%
d. 25%
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556. Kate spent 45% of the money that was in her 560. In order to pass a certain exam, candidates
wallet. If she spent $9.50, how much money must answer 70% of the test questions cor-
was in her wallet to begin with? Round to the rectly. If there are 70 questions on the exam,
nearest cent. how many questions must be answered
a. $4.28 correctly in order to pass?
b. $4.38 a. 49
c. $14.49 b. 52
d. $21.11 c. 56
d. 60
55 . Steve earned a 4

34 % pay raise. If his salary was
$27,400 before the raise, how much was his
salary after the raise? Set 36 (Answers begin on page 165.)
a. $27,530.15
b. $28,601.50 561. Of 150 people polled, 105 said they rode the
c. $28,701.50 city bus at least three times per week. How
d. $29,610.50 many people out of 100,000 could be expected
to ride the city bus at least three times each
558. The temperature in Sun Village reached at least week?
100° F on about 15% percent of the past a. 55,000
year. About how many days did the b. 70,000
temperature in Sun Village climb to 100° F c. 72,500
or higher? (one year = 365 days) Round d. 75,000
your answer to the nearest day.
a. 45 562. Of 360 students polled, 150 participate in
b. 54 extracurricular activities. Approximately what
c. 55 percent of the students do NOT participate in
d. 67 extracurricular activities?
a. 32%
559. A certain radio station plays classical music b. 42%
during 20% of its airtime. If the station is on c. 52%
the air 24 hours a day, how many hours each d. 58%
day is the station NOT playing classical music?
a. 8.0 hours 563. Kate earns $26,000 a year. If she receives a 4.5%
b. 15.6 hours salary increase, how much will she earn?
c. 18.2 hours a. $26,450
d. 19.2 hours b. $27,170
c. $27,260
d. $29,200

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564. A sprinkler system installed in a home that is 568. A pump installed on a well can pump at a
under construction will cost about 1.5% of the maximum rate of 100 gallons per minute. If
total building cost. The same system, installed the town requires 15,000 gallons of water in
after the home is built, is about 4% of the total one day, how long would the pump have to
building cost. How much would a homeowner continuously run at 75% of its maximum rate
save by installing a sprinkler system in a to meet the town’s need?
$150,000 home while the home is still under a. 112.5 minutes
construction? b. 150 minutes
a. $600 c. 200 minutes
b. $2,250 d. 300 minutes
c. $3,750
d. $6,000 569. A company makes several items, including fl-
ing cabinets. One-third of their business con-
565. Out of 100 shoppers polled, 80 said they buy sists of fling cabinets, and 60% of their fling
fresh fruit every week. How many shoppers out cabinets are sold to businesses. What percent of
of 30,000 could be expected to buy fresh fruit their total business consists of fling cabinets
every week? sold to businesses?
a. 2,400 a. 20%
b. 6,000 b. 33%
c. 22,000 c. 40%
d. 24,000 d. 60%

566. The novel that Lynn is reading contains 435 5 0. A gram of fat contains nine calories. An 1,800-
pages. So far, she has read 157 pages. Approxi- calorie diet allows no more than 20% calories
mately what percent of the novel has she read? from fat. How many grams of fat are allowed in
a. 34% that diet?
b. 36% a. 40 grams
c. 44% b. 90 grams
d. 64% c. 200 grams
d. 360 grams
56 . While planning for an event, 40% of the mem-
bers of a committee attended a meeting. If 5 1. Mr. Beard’s temperature is 98° Fahrenheit.
there are a total of 75 members on the commit- What is his temperature in degrees Celsius
tee, how many of the members attended this rounded to the nearest tenth? C =

59 (F - 32)
meeting? a. 37.6°C
a. 25 b. 36.7°C
b. 30 c. 35.8°C
c. 35 d. 31.1°C
d. 40

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5 2. After having a meal at a restaurant, Jared is 5 5. If Harold’s monthly income is $2,450, how
charged 9% of the cost of the meal in sales tax. much does he spend on rent each month?
In addition, he wants to leave 15% of the cost a. $686
of the meal before tax as a tip for the server. If b. $735
the meal costs $24.95 before tax and the tip, c. $882
what is the total amount he needs to pay for d. $931
the meal, tax, and tip?
a. $5.99 5 6. A shirt that regularly costs $34 is marked down
b. $28.69 15%. What is the sale price of the shirt?
c. $30.94 a. $19.00
d. $47.41 b. $28.90
c. $29.50
5 3. Of the 4,528 students at a college, 1,132 take a d. $33.85
language class. What percentage of the students
takes a language class?
a. 4% Set 37 (Answers begin on page 166.)
b. 20%
c. 25% 5 . During exercise, a person’s heart rate should be
d. 40% between 60% and 90% of the difference
between 220 and the person’s age. According to
Use the following pie chart to answer questions 574 this guideline, what should a 30-year-old per-
and 575. son’s maximum heart rate be during exercise?
a. 114 beats per minute
b. 132 beats per minute
Harold's Monthly Budget
c. 171 beats per minute
d. 198 beats per minute
Rent
38% 5 8. A class enrollment of 30 students was increased
Food
by 20%. What is the new class size?
Other Transpor-
14% tation a. 36 students
18% 18% b. 39 students
Utilities
c. 42 students
d. 50 students
5 4. What should be the percent label for food?
5 9. A dishwasher on sale for $279 has an original
a. 12%
price of $350. What is the percent of discount,
b. 18%
rounded to the nearest percent?
c. 28%
a. 20%
d. 38%
b. 25%
c. 26%
d. 71%

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580. For half of all allergy sufferers, a prescription 583. In the Valleyview School District last year, 315
reduces the number of symptoms by 50%. students played on a sports team. Of those,
What percentage of all allergy symptoms can 40% were also involved in the music program.
be eliminated by this prescription? How many students on sports teams were NOT
a. 25% involved in the music program?
b. 50% a. 60
c. 75% b. 126
d. 100% c. 189
d. 216
581. There are 171 men and 129 women enrolled in
a program. What percentage of this program is 584. One share of a company’s stock is worth $3.25
made up of women? at the beginning of the week. A boost in sales
a. 13% of its new product line boosts consumer conf-
b. 43% dence in the company and sends the worth of a
c. 57% share skyrocketing to $9.75 by the end of the
d. 75% week. What percent increase does this repre-
sent?
Use the following pie chart to answer question 582. a. 67%
b. 100%
Sales for 2009
c. 150%
4th Qtr 1st Qtr d. 200%
16% 13%

585. The markup on a pair of sneakers is 150%. If

2nd Qtr the sneakers originally cost $45, what is the
17% price after the markup?
a. $22.50
b. $57.50
3rd Qtr
54% c. $67.50
d. $112.50

582. The chart shows quarterly sales for Cool-Air’s

586. An insurance policy pays 80% of the frst
air-conditioning units. Which of the following
$20,000 of a certain patient’s medical expenses,
combinations contributed 70% to the total?
60% of the next $40,000, and 40% of the
a. frst and second quarters
$40,000 after that. If the patient’s total medical
b. second and third quarters
bill is $92,000, how much will the policy pay?
c. second and fourth quarters
a. $36,800
d. third and fourth quarters
b. $49,600
c. $52,800
d. $73,600

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58 . A pump installed on a well can pump at a 591. The Chen family traveled 75 miles to visit rela-
maximum rate of 100 gallons per minute. If tives. If they traveled 57.8% of the way before
the pump runs at 50% of its maximum rate for they stopped at a gas station, how far was the
six hours, how much water is pumped during gas station from their relatives’ house? Round
that time? your answer to the nearest

13 mile.
a. 3,000 gallons a. 31

23 miles
b. 18,000 gallons b. 32

23 miles
c. 36,000 gallons c. 35 miles
d. 72,000 gallons d. 38

13 miles

588. Melissa can grade fve of her students’ papers 592. A recent survey polled 2,500 people about their
in one hour. Joe can grade four of the same reading habits. The results are as follows:
papers in one hour. If Melissa works for three
hours grading, and Joe works for two hours, Reading Survey
what percentage of the 50 students’ papers will BOOKS PER
be graded? MONTH PERCENTAGE
a. 44% 0 13
b. 46%
1–3 27
c. 52%
d. 54% 4–6 32
>6 28
589. Dimitri has 40 math problems to solve for
How many people surveyed had read books
homework. If he does 40% of the assignment
in the last month?
in one hour, how long will it take for Dimitri to
a. 700
complete the whole assignment?
b. 1,800
a. 1.5 hours
c. 1,825
b. 2.0 hours
d. 2,175
c. 2.5 hours
d. 3.0 hours

590. The population of Smithtown increases at a Set 38 (Answers begin on page 168.)
rate of 3% annually. If the population is cur-
rently 2,500, what will the population be at the 593. A machine on a production line produces parts
same time next year? that are not acceptable by company standards
a. 2,530 4% of the time. If the machine produces 500
b. 2,560 parts, how many will be defective?
c. 2,575 a. 8
d. 2,800 b. 10
c. 16
d. 20

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594. Thirty percent of the high school is involved in 599. The City Bus Department operates 200 bus
athletics. If 15% of the athletes play football, routes. Of these, 5
12
% are express routes. How
what percentage of the whole school plays many express routes are there?
football? a. 11
a. 4.5% b. 15
b. 9.0% c. 22
c. 15% d. 25
d. 30%
600. Twelve is 20% of what number?
595. Twenty percent of the people at a restaurant a. 5
selected the dinner special. If 40 people did not b. 20
select the special, how many people are eating c. 60
at the restaurant? d. 240
a. 10
b. 20 601. A certain baseball player gets a hit about three
c. 40 out of every 12 times he is at bat. What per-
d. 50 centage of the times he is at bat does he get a
hit?
596. An average of 90% is needed on fve tests to a. 25%
receive an A in a class. If a student received b. 32%
scores of 95, 85, 88, and 84 on the frst four c. 35%
tests, what will the student need on the ffth d. 40%
test to get an A?
a. 92 602. Herschel has worked 40% of his eight-hour
b. 94 shift at the widget factory. How many hours
c. 96 has he worked?
d. 98 a. 3 hours
b. 3.2 hours
59 . Only

38 of the students in Charlie’s class bring c. 3.4 hours
their lunch to school each day. What percent- d. 3.5 hours
age of the students brings their lunch?
a. 12.5% 603. Eighteen of the 45 guests at a banquet ordered
b. 24.5% seafood for dinner. What percent of the guests
c. 34.5% ordered a seafood meal?
d. 37.5% a. 18%
b. 33%
598. What is 90% of 90? c. 40%
a. 9 d. 45%
b. 18
c. 81
d. 89

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604. Paolo estimates that his college expenses this 608. Pahana took a 250-question physics test and
year will be $26,000; however, he wishes to add got 94% of the answers correct. How many
15% to that amount in case of emergency. How questions did he answer correctly?
much should Paolo try to add to his college a. 240
fund? b. 235
a. $1,733 c. 230
b. $2,900 d. 225
c. $3,000
d. $3,900
Set 39 (Answers begin on page 168.)
605. Because it was her birthday, Patty spent 325%
more than she usually spends for lunch. If she 609. What percent of the fgure is shaded?
usually spends $4.75 per day for lunch, how
much did she spend today?
a. $9.50
b. $15.44
c. $20.19
d. $32.50

606. Eddie weighed 230 pounds in 2008. Today he

weighs 196 pounds. About what percentage of
weight has he lost since 2008?
a. 15%
b. 24%
a. 20%
c. 30%
b. 25%
d. 34%
c. 40%
d. 50%
60 . A discount retail store gives a 5% discount to
senior citizens. If a customer who is a senior
610. After taxes are taken out, Tim’s net paycheck is
citizen wants to purchase an item that costs
$363.96. If 28% of his pay goes to taxes, what is
$45, what is the fnal cost after the discount is
his gross pay before taxes?
applied?
a. $101.91
a. $2.25
b. $465.87
b. $42.75
c. $505.50
c. $47.25
d. $1,299.86
d. $50.00

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611. At a clothing store, 8% of the dresses are 616. Martha bought a lawnmower on sale for 35%
designer dresses and the rest are not. If there off and paid $298.35. What was the price of the
are 300 dresses at the boutique, how many are lawnmower before it was marked down?
NOT designer dresses? a. $193.93
a. 136 b. $333.35
b. 276 c. $350.50
c. 292 d. $459.00
d. 296
61 . Barbara buys six dolls and saves 3

12 % of the
612. Ben spends 15% of his weekly budget on trans- total price by buying in bulk. If each doll origi-
portation. This week he spent $48 on trans- nally costs $300, how much does Barbara save
portation. What was his weekly budget this in total?
week? a. $10.50
a. $720 b. $54.00
b. $520 c. $63.00
c. $320 d. $75.00
d. $305
618. Martin, a motel housekeeper, has fnished
613. There are 26 pies in the county fair pie contest cleaning about 40% of the 32 rooms he’s been
this year. Of these, four are peach. About what assigned. About how many more rooms does
percent of the pies are peach? he have left to clean?
a. 4% a. 29
b. 9% b. 25
c. 12% c. 21
d. 15% d. 19

614. Michelle earned $4 last week selling baked 619. Garth cuts a piece of rope into three pieces.
goods. If she earns $36 this week, what is the One piece is fve inches long, one piece is four
percent of increase over last week’s total? inches long, and one piece is three inches long.
a. 32% The longest piece of rope is approximately
b. 36% what percent of the original length before the
c. 80% rope was cut?
d. 800% a. 33%
b. 42%
615. A sweater that originally cost $34.99 is marked c. 50%
up 25%. How much does the sweater cost after d. 55%
the markup?
a. $2.50
b. $8.25
c. $8.75
d. $43.74

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620. Robert’s monthly utility bill is equal to 60% of Set 40 (Answers begin on page 169.)
his monthly rent, which is $500 per month.
How much is Robert’s utility bill each month? 625. Hilga and Jerome leave from different points
a. $560 walking directly toward each other. Hilga walks
b. $440 2

12 miles per hour, and Jerome walks 4 miles
c. $300 per hour. If they meet in 2

12 hours, how far
d. $200 apart were they?
a. 9 miles
621. Forty cents is what percent of $1.30? b. 13 miles
a. 40% c. 16

14 miles
b. 31% d. 18

12 miles
c. 20%
d. 11% 626. Fifteen percent of 40 beagles offered dry or
canned dog food chose dry dog food. How
622. In the high school choir, the ratio of males to many beagles chose canned food?
females is three to two. What percentage of the a. 34
choir is female? b. 32
a. 40% c. 8
b. 60% d. 6
c. 67%
d. 150% 62 . Lucy and Ethel dropped one of every eight
chocolates from the conveyer belt onto the
623. In a city last year, the ratio of rainy days to foor. What percentage of chocolates did they
sunny days was three to four. Approximately drop on the foor?
what percent of days were sunny last year? a. 12.5%
a. 43% b. 13.2%
b. 57% c. 14.5%
c. 75% d. 15.2%
d. 133%
628. Philbert gave the pizza delivery person a tip of
624. Toby had a bag of 48 candies. He ate 25% of $4, which was 20% of his total bill for the pizza
the candies for dessert one evening and then he ordered. How much did the pizza cost?
shared 25% of the remaining candies with his a. $30
friends. About how many candies are now left? b. $25
a. 9 c. $20
b. 12 d. $15
c. 24
d. 27
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629. A popular news show broadcasts for an hour. 634. The Owens family is buying a $100,000 house
During that time, there are 15 minutes of com- with 5% down payment at closing and a mort-
mercials. What percentage of the hour is gage for $95,000. They must pay an upfront
devoted to commercials? mortgage insurance premium (MIP) at closing
a. 15% of 2.5% of the mortgage amount. In addition,
b. 25% they must pay miscellaneous other closing
c. 35% costs of $1,000. How much money will they
d. 45% need at the closing?
a. $29,750
630. Manuelita had 75 stuffed animals. Her grand- b. $8,500
mother gave 15 of them to her. What percent- c. $8,375
age of the stuffed animals did her grandmother d. $6,000
give her?
a. 25% 635. After paying a commission to his broker of 7%
b. 20% of the sale price, a seller receives $103,000 for
c. 15% his house. How much did the house sell for?
d. 10% a. $95,790
b. $110,000
631. At the garage, Xena’s bill to have her car c. $110,420
repaired was $320. The total charge for labor d. $110,753
was $80. What percentage of the bill was for
labor? 636. Simon Hersch, a salesperson associated with
a. 15% broker Bob King, lists a house for $115,000,
b. 20% with 6% commission due at closing, and fnds
c. 25% a buyer. Bob King’s practice is that 45% of
d. 30% commissions go to his offce and the rest to the
salesperson. How much will Simon Hersch
632. Roger has completed 78% of his 200-page make on the sale?
thesis. How many pages has he written? a. $3,105
a. 150 b. $3,240
b. 156 c. $3,795
c. 160 d. $3,960
d. 165
63 . A storekeeper leases her store building for the
1
633. A house is valued at $185,000, in a community following amount: $1,000 per month rent,

12
that assesses property at 85% of value. If the of the $18,000 annual tax bill, and 3% of the
tax rate is $24.85 per thousand dollars assessed, gross receipts from her store. If the storekeeper
how much is the property tax bill? takes in $75,000 in one month, what will her
a. $1,480 lease payment be?
b. $1,850 a. $3,250
c. $3,907.66 b. $3,750
d. $4,597.25 c. $4,750
d. $7,400
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638. The appraised value of a property is $325,000, 640. In constructing her fnancial report, Noel Car-
assessed at 90% of its appraisal. If the tax rate penter estimates that her real estate holdings
for the year is $2.90 per thousand of assess- have appreciated by 18% since purchase. If the
ment, how much are the taxes for the frst half original value was $585,000, what would her
of the year? balance sheet show now?
a. $424.13 a. $479,700
b. $471.25 b. $526,500
c. $848.25 c. $585,000
d. $942.50 d. $690,300

639. The seller accepts an offer to purchase a house

for $395,000. After paying a brokerage fee that
is 5.5% of the sale price, other settlement fees
totaling 4% of the sale price, and paying off a
loan of $300,000, what are the seller’s net
proceeds?
a. $57,475
b. $58,344
c. $73,275
d. $373,275

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s e c t i o n

5 ALGEBRA

B asic algebra problems, such as those in the following 11 sets, ask you to solve equations in which
one element, or more than one, is unknown and generally indicated by a letter of the alphabet
(often either x or y). By doing the following problems, you will get practice in isolating numbers
on one side of the equation and unknowns on the other, thus fnding the replacement for the unknown.
You’ll also practice expressing a problem in algebraic form, particularly when you get to the word problems.
Other skills you will practice include working with exponents and roots, factoring, and dealing with poly-
nomial expressions.

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S et 41 (Answers begin on page 170.) 64 . Eight more than 17 of 42 is

a. 12
641. If 6x = 42, then x is b. 13
a. 7 c. 14
b. 8 d. 15
c. 36
d. 48 648. The square root of a number is three times 22.
What is the number?
x
642. If  a. 100
72 = 2, then x is
a. 9 b. 121
b. 36 c. 144
c. 72 d. 169
d. 144
649. What is the sum of the frst four prime num-
643. If 5a + 50 = 150, then a is bers?
a. 10 a. 17
b. 20 b. 18
c. 30 c. 19
d. 40 d. 20

644. The product of a number and its square is 729. 650. If 9b + 6b = 15, then b is
What is the number? a. 8
a. 9 b. 4
b. 18 c. 2
c. 182.25 d. 1
d. 364.5
651. Which of the following is a composite number?
645. Sixteen less than six times a number is 20. a. 5
What is the number? b. 31
a. 12 c. 53
b. 10 d. 91
c. 8
d. 6 652. When both six and nine are added to a num-
ber, the sum is 49. What is the number?
646. A certain number when added to 25% of itself a. 15
is 125. What is the number? b. 21
a. 25 c. 34
b. 50 d. 43
c. 75
d. 100

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653. What is the prime factorization of 32? 658. The statement x + y = y + x is an example of
a. 2 ¥ 2 ¥ 2 ¥ 2 ¥ 2 what number property?
b. 2 ¥ 2 ¥ 2 ¥ 3 a. Commutative Property of Addition
c. 2 ¥ 2 ¥ 3 ¥ 3 b. Associative Property of Addition
d. 2 ¥ 3 ¥ 3 ¥ 3 c. Identity Property of Addition
d. Inverse Property of Addition
654. The product of nine and one-third of a num-
ber is 81. Find the number. 659. What is the value of the expression xy – 6z,
a. 162 when x = -3, y = 6, and z = -5?
b. 90 a. -48
c. 27 b. -12
d. 3 c. 12
d. 48
655. Twice the product of the frst two multiples of
this number is 196. Find the number. 660. Thirty-four more than a certain number is 98.
a. 7 What is the number?
b. 8 a. 132
c. 19 b. 84
d. 29 c. 64
d. 17
656. Five more than 20% of a number is 52.
Find the number. 661. A number is three times larger when 10 is
a. 50 added to it. What is the number?
b. 60 a. 33
c. 70 b. 13
d. 100 c. 7
d. 5

S et 42 (Answers begin on page 171.) 662. Which value of a will make this number sen-
tence false? a  5
65 . Seventy-fve more than twice of a number is 135. a. -3
What is the number? b. 0
a. 20 c. 5
b. 30 d. 6
c. 40
d. 50 663. In the equation 4p – 10 – 2p = 16, what is p
equal to?
a. 2
b. 6
c. 13
12
d. 26

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664. Fifty plus three times a number is 74. What is 6 0. What is the greatest common factor of the fol-
the number? lowing monomials: 3x2, 12x, 6x3
a. 2 a. 12
b. 4 b. 3x
c. 6 c. 6x
d. 8 d. 3x2

665. The product of two and four more than three 6 1. Which value of x will make this inequality true:
times a number is 20. What is the number? x + 25  13
a. 2 a. -13
b. 16 b. -11
c. 44 c. 12
d. 87 d. 38

666. The sum of two consecutive odd integers is 20. 6 2. 4x + 

3x
4 =
1
What are the integers? a. 2x
x3
a. 8 and 12 b. 
4
b. 9 and 11 c. 1
c. 10 and 2 d. x
d. 4 and 5

66 . What is the value of x when y = 8 and Set 43 (Answers begin on page 172.)
x = 4 + 6y?
a. 24 6 3. Which of the following lists three consecutive
b. 36 even integers whose sum is 30?
c. 48 a. 9, 10, 11
d. 52 b. 8, 10, 12
xy + yz
c. 9, 11, 13
668. What is the value of the expression xy when d. 10, 12, 14
x = 1, y = 3, and z = 6?
a. 3 6 4. Which of the following represents the factors
b. 7 of the trinomial x2 + 6x + 9?
c. 12 a. x(x + 9)
d. 21 b. (x + 6)(x + 9)
c. (x + 3)(x + 6)
669. Which of the following is an example of the d. (x + 3)2
Associative Property of Multiplication?
a. a(b + c) = ab + ac 2x
6 5. If  12
16 = 48, what is x?
b. ab = ba a. 2
c. a(bc) = (ab)c b. 3
d. a ¥ 1 = a c. 4
d. 5

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6 6. Which of the following values of x will make 682. Which of the following is equivalent to 2y2 ?
the following inequality true: 12x – 1 < 35 a. 2(y + y)
a. 2 b. 2y(y)
b. 3 c. y2 + 2
c. 4 d. y + y + y + y
d. 5
683. x(3x2 + y) =
6 . Which of the following is a simplifcation of a. 4x2 + xy
(x2 + 4x + 4) ∏ (x + 2)? b. 4x2 + x + y
a. x - 2 c. 3x3 + 2xy
b. x + 4 d. 3x3 + xy
c. x2 + 3x + 2
d. (x + 2) 684. Which of the following is equivalent to the
product of the expressions (3x2y) and (2xy2)?
6 8. Which of the following is equivalent to x3 + 6x? a. 5x2y2
a. x(x2 + 6) b. 5x3y3
b. x(x + 6) c. 6x2y2
c. x(x2 + 6x) d. 6x3y3
d. x2(x + 6)
a c
685. An equation of the form b = d is
6 9. When 66 is added to a number, 15 is the result. a. an inequality.
What is the number? b. a variable.
a. -81 c. a proportion.
b. -51 d. a monomial.
c. 51
d. 81 686. Which of the following expressions best repre-
sents the sum of two numbers, a and b, divided
680. Which of the following is equivalent to by a third number, c ?
4n2(5np + p2)? a. a + b ∏ c
a. 20n2p + p2 b. (a + b) ∏ c
b. 20n3p + p2 c. a ∏ (b + c)
c. 20n3p + 4p2 d. a ∏ b + c
d. 20n3p + 4n2p2
68 . If 2x + 6x = 4, what is x?
x2+ 2x – 15
__________
681. Simplify the expression: x+5
. a. 1

24
a. x + 5 1
b. 
6
b. x + 3
c. 3
c. x – 5
d. 6
d. x – 3

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688. If 25 = 
x
45 , what is x? 693. Solve for p in the following equation:
a. 9 2.5p + 6 = 18.5
b. 12 a. 5
c. 18 b. 10
d. 90 c. 15
d. 20

S et 44 (Answers begin on page 173.) 694. Which of the following is the largest possible
solution to the following inequality:
x -3  5
1
689. Solve for x in the following equation: 3
x - 6 = 3
1 a. 23
5
a. 9 b. 83
b. 25 c. 6
c. 35 d. 24
d. 45
695. Which of the following linear equations has a
690. Solve the following equation for y: 8y - 3 = 1 slope of –2 and a y-intercept of 3?
a. - 32 a. y = 2x + 3
b. - 12 b. y = 3x – 2
1 c. y = -2x + 3
c. 
2
3 d. y = 21x – 3
d. 
2

696. Evaluate the following expression if a = 3,

691. What is the value of y when x = 5 and
b = 4, and c = –2: (ab – ac) ∏ abc.
y = 2(x2 + 10) - 3
a. - 78
a. 61
b. - 34
b. 63
c. 65 c. - 14
1
d. 67 d. 
4

1
692. If  x
19 = 76 , what is x?
 69 . If 5x - x

10 = 4, what is x?
a. 3 a. 4
b. 3.5 b. 20
c. 4 c. 40
d. 5 d. 80

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698. A line passes through the points (0,–1) and 02. Which expression best describes the sum of
(2,3). What is the equation for the line? three numbers multiplied by the sum of their
a. y = 12 x - 1 reciprocals?
b. y = 12 x + 1 a. (a + b + c)(1a + 1b + 1c )
c. y = 2x - 1 b. (a)(1a ) + (b)(1b ) + (c)(1c )
d. y = 2x + 1 c. (a + b + c) ∏ (1a )(1b )(1c)
d. (a)(b)(c) + (1a )(1b )(1c )
699. When the product of three and a number is
taken away from the sum of that number and
03. Find the sum of 4x - 7y and 7x + 7y.
six, the result is zero. What is the number?
a. 11x
a. 3
b. 14y
b. 7
c. 11x + 14y
c. 9
d. 11x - 14y
d. 14
04. Eighty-eight is the result when one-half of the
00. What is the slope of the linear equation
sum of 24 and a number is all taken away from
3y – x = 9?
three times the number. What is the number?
a. –3
a. 16
b. 13
b. 40
c. 3
c. 56
d. 9
d. 112

01. The tens digit is four times the ones digit in a

certain number. If the sum of the digits is ten,
what is the number?
a. 93
b. 82
c. 41
d. 28

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S et 45 (Answers begin on page 174.) c.

y

05. Which of the following lines has a positive

slope?
a.
y

d.
y

b.
y

06. Generic oatmeal costs 23 the price of the lead-

ing name brand. If the generic brand is $1.50,
how much does the name brand cost?
a. $1.00
b. $1.75
c. $2.00
d. $2.25

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0 . A traveling circus can sell 250 admission tickets 10. A family of three ate dinner at a restaurant,
for $8 each. But if the tickets cost $6 each the with a total bill of $48. If the mother’s meal
circus can sell 400 tickets. How much larger are cost 54 as much as the father’s, and the child’s
ticket sales when they cost $6 each than when meal was 34 that of the father’s, how much was
they cost $8 each? the father’s meal?
a. $160 a. $12
b. $400 b. $14
c. $500 c. $16
d. $1,700 d. $20

08. Forty-eight dollars in tips is to be divided 11. Six pounds of a dried fruit mixture that costs
among three restaurant waiters. Twila gets $3 per pound and 112 pounds of nuts costing
three times more than Jenny, and Betty receives $7 per pound are mixed together. What is the
four times as much as Jenny. How much does cost per pound of this mixture?
Betty receive? a. $1.33
a. $24 b. $3.80
b. $18 c. $5.25
c. $16 d. $8.75
d. $6
12. A helicopter fies over a river at 6:02 A.M. and
09. How many solutions are there to the following arrives at a heliport 20 miles away at 6:17 A.M.
system of equations? How many miles per hour was the helicopter
y traveling?
a. 30 miles per hour
b. 80 miles per hour
c. 120 miles per hour
d. 300 miles per hour

x 13. Two saline solutions are mixed. Twelve liters of

5% solution are mixed with four liters of 4%
solution. What percent saline is the fnal
solution?
a. 4.25%
b. 4.5%
c. 4.75%
d. 5%

a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. infnitely many

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14. D’Andre rides the frst half of a bike race in 18. It will take John four days to string a certain
two hours. If his partner, Adam, rides the fence. If Mary could string the same fence in
return trip fve miles per hour less, and it takes three days, how long will it take them if they
him three hours, how fast was D’Andre work together?
traveling? a. 312 days
a. 10 miles per hour b. 3 days
b. 15 miles per hour c. 227 days
c. 20 miles per hour d. 157 days
d. 25 miles per hour
19. A recipe serves four people and calls for 112
15. Lee can catch 10 fsh in an hour, and Charles cups of broth. If you want to serve six people,
can catch fve fsh in two hours. How long will how much broth do you need?
Charles have to fsh in order to catch the same a. 2 cups
number of fsh that Lee would catch in two
b. 214 cups
hours?
c. 213 cups
a. 2 hours
b. 4 hours d. 212 cups
c. 6 hours
d. 8 hours 20. If x – 1 represents an odd integer, which of the
following represents the next larger odd
16. A grain elevator operator wants to mix two integer?
batches of corn with a resultant mix of 54 a. x – 3
pounds per bushel. If he uses 20 bushels of 56 b. x
pounds per bushel corn, which of the follow- c. x + 1
ing expressions gives the amount of 50 pounds d. x + 2
per bushel corn needed?
a. 56x + 50x = 2x ¥ 54
b. 20 ¥ 56 + 50x = (x + 20) ¥ 54 Set 46 (Answers begin on page 175.)
c. 20 ¥ 56 + 50x = 2x ¥ 54
d. 56x + 50x = (x + 20) ¥ 54 21. Which of the following is equivalent to
(x – 3)(x + 7)?
1 . Jared and Linda are both salespeople at a cer- a. x2 – 3x – 21
tain electronics store. If they made 36 sales one b. x2 – 4x – 21
day, and Linda sold three less than twice Jared’s c. x2 + 4x – 21
sales total, how many units did Jared sell? d. x2 – 21
a. 19
b. 15 22. Karl is four times as old as Pam, who is one-
c. 13 third as old as Jackie. If Jackie is 18, what is the
d. 12 sum of their ages?
a. 64
b. 54
c. 48
d. 24
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23. Solve for x in terms of r and s: s = 2x – r. 28. Choose the equation that represents the graph
a. x = s + r – 2 in the following fgure.
b. x = 2s – r y
s+r
c. x = 2
2
d. x = 
s +r

24. Three coolers of water per game are needed for

a baseball team of 25 players. If the roster is
expanded to 40 players, how many coolers are x
needed?
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
d. 7

25. A pancake recipe calls for 112 cups of four in

order to make 14 pancakes. If 214 cups of four
are used, how many pancakes can be made? a. y = 3x + 1
a. 18 b. y = –3x – 1
b. 21 c. y = 3x – 1
c. 24 d. y = 13 x + 1
d. 27
29. A shopper can spend no more than $2 per
26. The perimeter of a triangle is 25 inches. If side pound on fruit and wants seven pounds of
a is twice side b, which is 12 side c, what is the bananas at a cost of $0.50 per pound. How
length of side b? many pounds of raspberries can he buy if rasp-
a. 5 inches berries cost $4 per pound?
b. 8 inches a. 0.5 pound
c. 10 inches b. 2 pounds
d. 15 inches c. 5.25 pounds
d. 5.75 pounds
2 . How many gallons of a solution that is 75%
antifreeze must be mixed with four gallons of a 30. A television costs $400 to purchase. Renting
30% solution to obtain a mixture that is 50% the same television requires making a $50 non-
antifreeze? refundable deposit plus monthly payments of
a. 2 gallons $25. After how many months will the cost to
b. 3 gallons rent the television equal the cost to purchase it?
c. 3.2 gallons a. 8 months
d. 4 gallons b. 14 months
c. 16 months
d. 24 months

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31. Eric and Margaret make $1,460 together one 36. Simplify: 3(6x4)2.
week. Eric makes $20 per hour, and Margaret a. 18x6
makes $25 per hour. If Eric worked 10 hours b. 18x8
more than Margaret one week, how many c. 108x6
hours did Margaret work? d. 108x8
a. 25 hours
b. 28 hours
c. 33 hours Set 47 (Answers begin on page 176.)
d. 38 hours
3 . If Samantha deposits $385 today into a savings
32. Multiply the binomials: (3x + 4)(x - 6). account paying 4.85% simple interest annually,
a. 3x2 - 22x – 24 how much interest will accrue in one year?
b. 3x2 + 14x – 24 (Interest  principal ¥ rate ¥ time, or
c. 3x2 - 14x - 24 I = PRT)
d. 3x2 + 14x + 24 a. $1.86
b. $18.67
33. How much simple interest is earned on $767 if c. $186.73
it is deposited in a bank account paying an d. $1,867.24
annual interest rate of 718 % interest for
nine months? (Interest = principal ¥ rate ¥ 38. Veronica took a trip to the lake. If she drove
time, or I = PRT) steadily for fve hours traveling 220 miles, what
a. $20.56 was her average speed for the trip?
b. $40.99 a. 44 miles per hour
c. $64.13 b. 55 miles per hour
d. $491.83 c. 60 miles per hour
d. 66 miler per hour
34. A neighbor has three dogs. Fluffy is half the age
of Muffy, who is one-third as old as Spot, who 39. Factor the expression completely: x2 – 25.
is half the neighbor’s age, which is 24. How old a. x(x – 25)
is Fluffy? b. (x + 5)(x - 5)
a. 2 c. (x + 5)(x + 5)
b. 4 d. (x - 5)(x - 5)
c. 6
d. 12 40. Factor the expression completely: x2 – 2x – 48.
a. (x + 8)(x – 6)
35. A piggy bank contains $8.20 in coins. If there b. (x + 8)(x + 6)
are an equal number of quarters, nickels, c. (x – 8)(x + 6)
dimes, and pennies, how many of each d. (x – 8)(x – 6)
denomination are there?
a. 10
b. 20
c. 30
d. 40
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41. Match the inequality with the graph. 44. How much water must be added to one liter of
y a 5% saline solution to get a 2% saline solution?
a. 1 liter
b. 1.5 liters
c. 2 liters
d. 2.5 liters

x
45. Joan will be twice Tom’s age in three years
when Tom will be 40. How many years old is
Joan now?
a. 20
b. 37
c. 77
d. 80

3xy 2 y 3
46. Multiply: 
4y • 9x .

a. y<x–3 3y4
a. ___
4x
b. y>x–3 y6
b. __
c. y≥x–3 36
d. yx–3 c. 3y
__
4x
y4
__
d.
42. Which of the following points is the solution to 12

the system of equations? 4 . Water is coming into a tank three times as fast
y = –x + 10 as it is going out. After one hour, the tank con-
y=x–2 tains 11,400 gallons of water. How fast is the
a. (2,10) water coming in?
b. (2,0) a. 3,800 gallons per hour
c. (3,6) b. 5,700 gallons per hour
d. (6,4) c. 11,400 gallons per hour
d. 17,100 gallons per hour
43. If jogging for one mile uses 150 calories and
brisk walking for one mile uses 100 calories, a 48. Jim is twice as old as Sally, who is half as old as
jogger has to go how many times as far as a Bill. The sum of their ages is 60. How old is
walker to use the same number of calories? Jim?
a. 12 a. 24
2
b. 
3 b. 26
3 c. 30
c. 
2
d. 2 d. 32

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49. A man fshing on a riverbank sees a boat pass Set 48 (Answers begin on page 178.)
by. The man estimates the boat is traveling 20
2 2
2c ∏ 4c4 .
miles per hour. If his estimate is correct, how 6a b ab
53. Divide:  
many minutes will it be before he sees the boat 24ac
a. b

disappear around a bend in the river half a 12ac3
b. b
mile away? 24ac3
c. b
a. 1.4 minutes d. 12abc3
b. 1.5 minutes
c. 2.4 minutes 54. Five oranges, when removed from a basket
d. 14 minutes containing three more than seven times as
many oranges, leaves how many in the basket?
50. After three days, some hikers discover that they a. 21
have used 25 of their supplies. At this rate, how b. 28
many more days can they go forward before c. 33
they have to turn around? d. 38
a. 0.75 day
b. 1.5 days 55. How many ounces of candy costing $1 per
c. 3.75 days ounce must be mixed with 6 ounces of candy
d. 4.5 days costing $0.70 per ounce to yield a mixture
costing $0.80 per ounce?
51. Solve for all values of x in the equation: a. 67 ounce
x2 – 25 = 0. b. 3 ounces
a. 5 c. 9 ounces
b. 0, 5 7
d. 20 10 ounces
c. –5
d. 5, –5 56. Dave can wash and wax a car in four hours.
Mark can do the same job in three hours. If
52. Jason’s hair salon charges $63 for a haircut and both work together, approximately how long
color, which is 43 of what Lisa’s hair salon will it take to wash and wax a car?
charges. How much does Lisa’s hair salon a. 1.7 hours
charge? b. 2.3 hours
a. $21 c. 3 hours
b. $42 d. 3.3 hours
c. $65
d. $84 5 . How long will it take Sheri to walk to a store
fve miles away if she walks at a steady pace of
three miles per hour?
a. 0.60 hour
b. 1.67 hours
c. 3.33 hours
d. 15 hours

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58. Jeff was 10 minutes early for class. Dee came in 62. Belinda is building a garden shed. When she
four minutes after Mae, who was half as early helped her neighbor build an identical shed, it
as Jeff. How many minutes early was Dee? took them both 22 hours to complete the job.
a. 1 minute If it would have taken her neighbor, working
b. 2 minutes alone, 38 hours to build the shed, how long will
c. 2.5 minutes it take Belinda, working alone, to build her
d. 6 minutes shed?
a. 33.75 hours
59. Jan loaned Ralph $45 expecting him to repay b. 41.00 hours
$50 in one month. What is the amount of c. 41.25 hours
annual simple interest on this loan? (R = the d. 52.25 hours
annual rate of simple interest. Interest =
principal ¥ rate ¥ time, or I = PRT) 63. If nine candles are blown out on a birthday
a. 5% cake containing seven times as many candles
b. 33% altogether, how many candles are there in all?
c. 60% a. 2
d. 133% b. 16
c. 63
60. Twelve people entered a room. Three more d. 72
than two-thirds of these people then left. How
64. Simplify the radical: �
81x2
many people remain in the room? y2 .

9x
a. 0 a. y
 
b. 1 b. 9x
c. 2 c. 9xy
2
d. 7 d. 9xy

61. A 24-inch-tall picture is 20% as tall as the ceil- 65. Which of the following linear equations has a
ing is high. How high is the ceiling? negative slope?
a. 4.8 feet a. 6 = y – x
b. 10 feet b. y = 4x – 5
c. 12 feet c. –5x + y = 1
d. 120 feet d. 6y + x = 7

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66. Rosa fnds the average of her three most recent Set 49 (Answers begin on page 179.)
golf scores by using the following expression,
a+b+c
where a, b, and c are the three scores: 3 ¥ 69. Mark needs to work fve-sixths of a year to pay
100. Which of the following would also deter- off his car loan. If Mark begins working on
mine the average of her scores? March 1, at the end of what month will he frst
a. (3a + 3b + 3c ) ¥ 100 be able to pay off his loan?
a+b+c
3 a. June
b. 
100 b. August
(a + b + c) ¥ 3
c.  100 c. October
a ¥ b ¥ c + 100 d. December
d.  3

6 . Simplify the radical completely: 

64x5y8. 0. Solve the equation for b: 

b – 4 = 5.
a. 8x2y4x
a. 1
b. 8x4y8x
b. 9
c. 64x2y4 c. 21
d. 8x5y8 d. 29

68. While driving home from work, Sally runs over 2w 5w

1. Find the sum: 
z + 
z .
a nail, causing a tire to start leaking. She esti- a. 7w

2z
mates that her tire is leaking one pound per 7w
b. 
z2
square inch (psi) every 20 seconds. Assuming 7w
that her tire leaks at a constant rate and her ini- c. 
z
tial tire pressure was 36 psi, how long will it d. 7w
take her tire to completely defate?
a. 1.8 minutes 2. Some birds are sitting in an oak tree. Ten more
b. 3.6 minutes birds land. More birds arrive until there are a
c. 12 minutes total of four times as many birds as the oak tree
d. 18 minutes had after the ten landed. A nearby maple tree
has 16 fewer than 12 times as many birds as the
oak tree had after the ten landed. If both trees
now have the same number of birds, how many
birds were originally in the oak tree before the
frst 10 landed?
a. 4
b. 7
c. 16
d. 24

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3. A jar of coins totaling $4.58 contains 13 6. The total pressure of a mix of gases in a con-
quarters and fve nickels. There are twice as tainer is equal to the sum of the partial pres-
many pennies as there are dimes. How many sures of each of the gases in the mixture. A
dimes are there? mixture contains nitrogen, oxygen, and argon,
a. 5 and the pressure of nitrogen is twice the pres-
b. 9 sure of oxygen, which is three times the pres-
c. 18 sure of argon. If the partial pressure of
d. 36 nitrogen is four pounds per square inch (psi),
what is the total pressure?
4. If a function is defned as f (x) = 5x2 – 3, what a. 24 psi
is the value of f (–2)? b. 16 psi
a. –23 c. 1423 psi
b. –13 d. 623 psi
c. 7
d. 17 . Suppose the amount of radiation that could be
received from a microwave oven varies
5. A hiker walks from his car to a distant lake and inversely as the square of the distance from it.
back again. He walks on smooth terrain for How many feet away must you stand to reduce
1
two hours until he reaches a fve-mile-long your potential radiation exposure to 16 the
rocky trail. His pace along the fve-mile-long amount you could receive standing one foot
trail is two miles per hour. If he walks steadily away?
with no stops, how long will it take the hiker to a. 4 feet
complete the entire trip from his car to the lake b. 8 feet
and back again? c. 16 feet
a. 4.5 hours d. 32 feet
b. 9 hours
c. 12 hours
d. 16 hours

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8. Which of the following linear equations has an c.

undefned slope? y
a.
y

d.
y
b.
y

9. Solve the equation for a: 

2a + 6 – 4 = 6.
a. 2
b. 17
c. 23
d. 47

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80. If Willie must pay an employment agency his 83. Three apples and twice as many oranges add
frst month’s salary as a placement fee, how up to one-half the number of cherries in a fruit
much of his $28,000 frst year’s salary will basket. How many cherries are there?
Willie end up with, rounded to the nearest a. 11
dollar? b. 18
a. $2,333 c. 21
b. $3,360 d. 24
c. $24,343
d. $25,667 84. Rudy forgot to replace his gas cap the last time
he flled up his car with gas. The gas is evapo-
81. Jack went hiking in bad weather wearing a rating out of his 14-gallon tank at a constant
backpack flled with 60 pounds of supplies. A rate of 13 gallon per day. How much gas does
couple of miles into his hike, he became tired Rudy lose in one week?
and discarded supplies equal to 13 of the 60 a. 2 gallons
pounds. A few miles later it started to snow, b. 213 gallons
and he discarded another 25 of the original 60 c. 423 gallons
pounds. How much did Jack discard altogether d. 6 gallons
during his hike?
a. 5 pounds
b. 10 pounds
Set 50 (Answers begin on page 180.)
c. 20 pounds
d. 44 pounds
85. Which ratio best expresses the following: Five
hours is what percent of a day?
82. If a school buys three computers at a, b, and c 5 x
a. 
100 = 24

dollars each, and the school pays only 90% 5 24
b.  = 
24 x
because of a discount, which expression would
5 x
determine the average price per computer paid c. 24 = 
100
x 24
by the school? d. 100 = 5


0.9 ¥ (a + b + c)
a.  3 86. White four and whole wheat four are mixed
(a
b
c)
b.  0.9 together in a ratio of fve parts white four to
c. (a + b + c) ¥ 0.9 one part whole wheat four. How many pounds
(a + b + c)
d. 
3 of white four are in 48 pounds of this mixture?
a. 8 pounds
b. 9.6 pounds
c. 40 pounds
d. 42 pounds

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8 . Timmy can sell 20 glasses of lemonade for 10 90. Yolanda and Gertrude are sisters. When one-
cents per glass. If he raises the price to 25 cents fourth of Gertrude’s age is taken away from
per glass, Timmy estimates he can sell seven Yolanda’s age, the result is twice Gertrude’s age.
glasses. If so, how much more money will If Yolanda is nine, how old is Gertrude?
Timmy make by charging 25 cents instead of a. 2.25 years old
10 cents per glass? b. 4 years old
a. -$0.25 c. 4.5 years old
b. $0 d. 18 years old
c. $0.10
d. $0.50 91. How many pounds of chocolates costing $5.95
per pound must be mixed with three pounds
88. Bill lives fve miles away from school. Tammy of caramels costing $2.95 per pound to obtain
lives half as far away from school. Joe’s distance a mixture that costs $3.95 per pound?
from school is halfway between Bill and a. 1.5 pounds
Tammy’s. How far away from school does Joe b. 3 pounds
live? c. 4.5 pounds
a. 1.25 miles d. 8 pounds
b. 3.75 miles
c. 6.25 miles 92. Kathy charges $7.50 per hour to mow a lawn.
d. 7.5 miles Sharon charges 1.5 times as much to do the
same job. How much does Sharon charge to
89. Pamela’s annual salary is six times as much as mow a lawn?
Adrienne’s, who earns fve times more than a. $5.00 per hour
Beverly, who earns $4,000. If Valerie earns one- b. $9.00 per hour
half as much as Pam, what is Valerie’s annual c. $10.00 per hour
salary? d. $11.25 per hour
a. $25,000
b. $60,000 93. Laura saves at three times the rate Hazel does.
c. $90,000 If it takes Laura 121 years to save $1,000, how
d. $110,000 many years will it take Hazel to save this
amount?
a. 1
b. 3.5
c. 4.5
d. 6

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9 3w
94. Find the difference: 2a
 – 3 .
6a 9 . William has one-third as many toys as Tammy,
9a2 – w who has four times more toys than Edgar, who
a. 
2a3
9 – 3w has six. How many toys does Jane have if she
b.  6a
3

9a2 – w has fve more than William?

c. 6a3 a. 4
27a2 – w
d.  2a3 b. 8
c. 9
95. If a function is defned as g(x) = x 2 – 4x + 1, d. 13
what is the value of g(1)?
a. –3 98. Susan and Janice are sign painters. Susan can
b. –2 paint a sign in six hours, while Janice can paint
c. –1 the same sign in fve hours. If both worked
d. 1 together, approximately how long would it take
them to paint a sign?
96. Fire departments commonly use the following a. 2.53 hours
formula to fnd out how far from a wall to b. 2.73 hours
place the base of a ladder: (Length of ladder ÷ c. 3.00 hours
5 feet) + 2 feet = distance from the wall. Using d. 3.23 hours
this formula, if the base of a ladder is placed 10
feet from a wall, how tall is the ladder?
a. 40 feet
b. 48 feet
c. 72 feet
d. 100 feet

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99. Match the graph with the inequality: c.

5y ≥ 10x – 15. y

a.
y

d.
y

b.
y

800. Solve the following system of equations alge-

braically by substitution:
y + 2x = 3
x = 3y + 5
a. (2,–1)
b. (2,0)
c. (–1,–2)
d. (2,–2)

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S et 51 (Answers begin on page 181.) 805. Thirteen percent of a certain school’s students
are A students, 15% are C students, and 20%
801. Which of the following systems contains two make mostly Ds. If 16% of the students are
parallel lines? B students, what percent are failing?
a. x = 5 a. 25%
y=5 b. 36%
b. y = -x c. 48%
y=x–1 d. 64%
c. x – y = 7
2 – y = –x 806. Which equation is represented by the following
d. y = 3x + 4 graph?
2x + 4 = y y

802. How much simple interest is earned on $300

deposited for 30 months in a savings account
paying 734 % simple interest annually? (Inter-
est  principal ¥ rate ¥ time, or I = PRT) x
a. $5.81
b. $19.76
c. $23.25
d. $58.13

803. Jason is six times as old as Kate. In two years,

Jason will be twice as old as Kate is then. How
old is Jason now? a. y = x2 – 4
a. 6 months old b. y = x2 – 2
b. 3 years old c. y = x2
c. 6 years old d. y = x2 + 4
d. 9 years old
80 . A four-pound mixture of raisins and nuts is 23
804. Mike types three times as fast as Nick. Together raisins. Approximately how many pounds of
they type 24 pages per hour. If Nick learns to nuts are there?
type as fast as Mike, how many pages will they a. 1.3 pounds
be able to type per hour? b. 1.6 pounds
a. 18 c. 2.4 pounds
b. 30 d. 2.6 pounds
c. 36
d. 40

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808. When estimating distances from aerial photo- 812. A rain barrel contained four gallons of water
graphs, the formula is (A ¥ l) ∏ f = D, where A just before a thunderstorm. It rained steadily
is the altitude, l is the measured length on the for eight hours, flling the barrel at a rate of six
photograph, f is the focal length of the camera, gallons per day. How many gallons of water did
and D is the actual distance. If the focal length the barrel have after the thunderstorm?
is six inches, the measured length across a lake a. 4 gallons
on a photograph is three inches, and the lake is b. 6 gallons
3,000 feet across, at what altitude was the c. 7 gallons
photograph taken? d. 9 gallons
a. 1,500 feet
b. 3,000 feet 813. Find three consecutive odd integers whose sum
c. 4,500 feet is 117.
d. 6,000 feet a. 39, 39, 39
b. 38, 39, 40
2 3 11
809. Solve for x: 
x – 5 + x + 3 = x2 – 2x – 15 .
  c. 37, 39, 41
a. 3 d. 39, 41, 43
b. 4
c. 6 814. Three species of songbirds live in a certain plot
d. 11 of trees, totaling 120 birds. If species A has
three times as many birds as species B, which
810. A new telephone directory with 596 pages has has half as many birds as C, how many birds
114 less than twice as many pages as last year’s belong to species C?
edition. How many pages were in last year’s a. 20
directory? b. 30
a. 298 c. 40
b. 355 d. 60
c. 412
d. 482 815. The length of a rectangle is seven times the
width. If the perimeter is 32 meters, what is the
811. A vacationing family travels 300 miles on their area?
frst day. The second day they travel only 23 as a. 28 square meters
far. But on the third day they are able to travel b. 24 square meters
3
 as many miles as the frst two days combined. c. 16 square meters
4
How many miles have they traveled altogether? d. 14 square meters
a. 375 miles
b. 500 miles
c. 525 miles
d. 875 miles

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816. Which equation is represented by the following

graph?
y

a. y = –x2 – 1
b. y = –x2
c. y = –x2 + 1
d. y = x2 + 1

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s e c t i o n

6 GEOMETRY

T he 12 sets of basic geometry problems in this section involve lines, angles, triangles, rectangles,
squares, and circles. For example, you may be asked to fnd the area or perimeter of a fgure, the
length of a line segment, or the circumference of a circle. In addition, the word problems will illus-
trate how closely geometry is related to the real world and to everyday life.

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Se t 52 (Answers begin on page 182.) 823. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Parallel lines intersect at right angles.
81 . Each of the following fgures has exactly two b. Parallel lines never intersect.
pairs of parallel sides EXCEPT a c. Perpendicular lines never intersect.
a. parallelogram. d. Intersecting lines have two points in
b. rhombus. common.
c. trapezoid.
d. square. 824. A triangle has two congruent sides, and the
measure of one angle is 40°. Which of the fol-
818. How many faces does a cube have? lowing types of triangles is it?
a. 4 a. isosceles
b. 6 b. equilateral
c. 8 c. right
d. 12 d. scalene

819. A polygon is a plane fgure composed of con- 825. A triangle has one 30° angle and one 60° angle.
nected line segments. How many connected Which of the following types of triangles is it?
line segments must there be to make a a. isosceles
polygon? b. equilateral
a. 3 or more c. right
b. 4 or more d. scalene
c. 5 or more
d. 6 or more 826. A triangle has angles of 71° and 62°.
Which of the following best describes
820. An acute angle is one whose measure is the triangle?
a. 180°. a. acute scalene
b. greater than 90°. b. obtuse scalene
c. 90°. c. acute isosceles
d. less than 90°. d. obtuse isosceles

821. A straight angle is one whose measure is 82 . In which of the following are the diagonals of
a. exactly 180°. the fgure always congruent and perpendicular?
b. between 90° and 180°. a. isosceles trapezoid
c. 90°. b. square
d. less than 90°. c. isosceles triangle
d. rhombus
822. A right angle is one whose measure is
a. 180°.
b. greater than 90°.
c. exactly 90°.
d. less than 90°.

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828. If one angle of a triangle measures 42° and the Set 53 (Answers begin on page 183.)
second measures 59°, what does the third angle
measure? 833. What is the difference in perimeter between a
a. 101° square with a base of four feet and a circle with
b. 90° a diameter of four feet?
c. 89° a. 8 - 2p feet
d. 79° b. 16 - 2p feet
c. 16 - 4p feet
829. Which of the following could describe a d. 16 - 8p feet
quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides
and two interior angles that measure 65°? 834. The animal shelter is developing a new out-
a. square door grass area for dogs. A fence needs to be
b. triangle purchased that will surround the entire grassy
c. rectangle section. The dimensions of the area are 120 feet
d. rhombus by 250 feet. How much fencing needs to be
purchased?
830. If pentagon ABCDE is similar to pentagon a. 740 feet
FGHIJ, and AB = 10, CD = 5, and FG = 30, b. 30,000 square feet
what is HI? c. 740 square feet
a. ��53 d. 30,000 feet
b. 5
c. 15 835. What is the perimeter of the following triangle?
d. 30

831. What is the greatest area possible enclosed by a

3
quadrilateral with a perimeter of 24 feet?
a. 6 square feet 4
b. 24 square feet a. 12 units
c. 36 square feet b. 9 units
d. 48 square feet c. 8 units
d. 7 units
832. What is the difference in area between a square
with a base of four feet and a circle with a 836. What is the perimeter of the following polygon?
diameter of four feet? 8
a. 16 - 2p square feet 4
b. 16 - 4p square feet
c. 8p - 16 square feet
d. 16p - 16 square feet
a. 12 units
b. 16 units
c. 24 units
d. 32 units

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83 . What is the perimeter of the following 840. What is the outer perimeter of the doorway
fgure? shown here?

a 10
a. a2 ∏ 2 units
b. 2a + 2a2 units
c. 2a + 
2a2 units a. 12 units
d. 4a units b. 24 units
c. 20 + 2p units
838. One side of a rectangle measures 834 centime- d. 24 + 2p units
ters and another measures 1,288 centimeters.
What is the perimeter of the triangle? 841. What is the perimeter of the following triangle?
a. 2,148,384 square centimeters
b. 1,074,192 square centimeters 7 9
c. 4,244 centimeters
d. 2,122 centimeters 10
a. 90 units
839. A landlord is renovating an apartment. He is
b. 70 units
putting new tile in the rectangular kitchen. The
c. 26 units
length of the room is ten feet and the width is
d. 19 units
6.5 feet. What is the area that needs to be tiled?
a. 650 square feet
842. What is the perimeter of the following
b. 65 square feet
parallelogram?
c. 33 square feet
d. 16.5 square feet
8

6 12
a. 26 units
b. 32 units
c. 48 units
d. 56 units

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843. What is the perimeter of the shaded area, if 846. What is the perimeter of the following rectangle?
the shape is a quarter circle with a radius of
8 units?
4

9
a. 2p units a. 13 units
b. 4p units b. 22 units
c. 2p + 16 units c. 26 units
d. 4p + 16 units d. 36 units

844. What is the perimeter of the following triangle? 84 . What lines must be parallel in the following
diagram?
4 a b
13

7
a. 11 units
130º 60º c
b. 13 units
120º
c. 24 units 120º
d. 28 units d

845. What is the length of the side labeled x of the

following polygon if the perimeter is 40 inches?
x a. a and b
6 6 b. a and d
c. b and c
d. c and d
6 6
848. What is the measure of angle F in the following
a. 6 inches diagram?
b. 8 inches
c. 10 inches
d. 16 inches
60°

a. 15°
b. 30°
c. 45°
d. 90°
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Se t 54 (Answers begin on page 184.) 852. Which side of the following triangle is the
shortest, if angles BAC and ABC are 60°?
B
849. In the following fgure, which pair of angles
must be congruent?

A C
1
4
a. AB
2
b. AC
3
c. BC
d. All sides have the same length.

853. Which of the angles in the following fgure must

be congruent if lines l and m are parallel?
a. 1 and 2 l
m
b. 1 and 3
c. 3 and 4
d. 1 and 4
1 2 5 6
850. Which of the following lengths could form the 3 4 7 8
sides of a triangle?
a. 1, 2, 3
b. 2, 2, 5
a. 1 and 2
c. 2, 3, 6
b. 1 and 8
d. 2, 3, 2
c. 2 and 8
d. 4 and 7
851. Which side of the following right triangle is the
shortest, if angle ACB is 46°?
854. What is the measure of angle ABC?
B B

46°
A C
A 42° 61° C
a. AB
a. 42°
b. AC
b. 61°
c. BC
c. 77°
d. All sides have the same length.
d. 103°

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855. Plattville is 80 miles west and 60 miles north of 860. The area of a rectangular table is 72 square
Quincy. How long is a direct route from inches. The longer sides are 12 inches long. What
Plattville to Quincy? is the width?
a. 100 miles a. 5 inches
b. 110 miles b. 6 inches
c. 120 miles c. 7 inches
d. 140 miles d. 8 inches

856. Which is the longest side of the following 861. The area of a right triangle is 60 square
triangle? (Note: not drawn to scale.) centimeters. The height is 15 centimeters.
C How many centimeters is the base?
a. 4 centimeters
100°
b. 6 centimeters
c. 8 centimeters
d. 12 centimeters

A 38° 42° B
862. Which of these angle measures form a right
a. AB triangle?
b. AC a. 40°, 40°, 100°
c. BC b. 20°, 30°, 130°
d. AC and BC c. 40°, 40°, 40°
d. 40°, 50°, 90°
85 . What is the complement of a 42° angle?
a. 45° 863. What is the measure of angle B in the following
b. 48° diagram?
c. 138° 135°
d. 145° 60°

858. Two angles are supplementary. One measures

84°. What's the measure of its supplement? B
a. 6° a. 45°
b. 90° b. 60°
c. 96° c. 75°
d. 276° d. 130°

859. A ray is drawn within a right angle. One angle is

formed by the ray, and the vertex of the right
angle measures 32°. What does the other angle
measure?
a. 45°
b. 58°
c. 148°
d. 328°

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864. If the following fgure is a regular decagon with 866. Triangles RST and MNO are similar. What is
a center at Q, what is the measure of the indi- the length of line segment MO?
O
cated angle?
T

5 cm 4 cm 8 cm

Q R S
2 cm

M N
4 cm

a. 5 centimeters
b. 10 centimeters
a. 45° c. 20 centimeters
b. 80° d. 32 centimeters
c. 90°
d. 108° 86 . In the diagram, lines a, b, and c intersect at
point O. Which of the following are NOT
adjacent angles?
b
Se t 55 (Answers begin on page 185.)
a c
865. In the following fgure, angle POS measures 6 5
90°. What is the measure of angle ROQ? 1 4
P O
R 2 3

O
a. –1 and –6
S
Q b. –1 and –4
c. –4 and –5
a. 30°
d. –2 and –3
b. 45°
c. 90°
868. A square sandbox has sides that are 18 feet
d. 180°
long. What is the perimeter of the sandbox?
a. 342 feet
b. 324 feet
c. 72 feet
d. 18 feet

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869. Find the area of the following shape. 8 3. What is the area of a circle that has a diameter
of 94 centimeters?
a. 47p square centimeters
b. 94p square centimeters
c. 188p square centimeters
d. 2,209p square centimeters

4 8 4. What is the perimeter of the fgure shown?

a. 12 + 10p square units

b. 32 + 10p square units
12
c. 32 + 12p square units
d. 12 + 12p square units

8 0. A triangle has sides that are consecutive even

integers. The perimeter of the triangle is 24
5
inches. What is the length of the shortest side?
a. 17 units
a. 10 inches
b. 20 units
b. 8 inches
c. 30 units
c. 6 inches
d. 40 units
d. 4 inches
8 5. If the two triangles in the diagram are similar,
8 1. Taking p to be 3.14, what is the diameter of a
with –A equal to –D, what is the perimeter of
circular pool with a circumference of 78 feet?
triangle DEF?
a. 12.42 feet D
b. 24.84 feet
c. 122.46 feet
d. 244.92 feet A 5
4
2
8 2. A garden is in the shape of a regular pentagon.
The perimeter is 90 feet. What is the length of C 3 B F E
each side? a. 12 units
a. 14 feet b. 21 units
b. 16 feet c. 22.5 units
c. 18 feet d. 24.75 units
d. 20 feet

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8 6. What is the measure of angle C in the follow- 8 9. Which side is the longest if triangle A is similar
ing triangle? to triangle B?

5
2.5 a 60°
d c
40°
C b

a. 90°
b. 45° A B
c. 25° a. a
d. cannot be determined b. b
c. c
8 . What is the area of the following shaded d. d
triangle?
880. In the following diagram, if angle 1 is 30° and
angle 2 is a right angle, what is the measure of
angle 5?
1
10

3 2
5 6
a. 20 square units
b. 25 square units
c. 44 square units
d. 46 square units
4
5
8 8. What is the measure of an interior angle of a
regular hexagon?
a. 60° a. 30°
b. 80° b. 60°
c. 120° c. 120°
d. 180° d. 140°

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S e t 56 (Answers begin on page 186.) 884. A circular fan is encased in a square guard. If
one side of the guard is 12 inches, at what
881. What is the measure of angle A in the follow- blade circumference will the fan just hit the
ing diagram? guard?
A a. 6 inches
b. 12 inches
c. 6p inches
d. 12p inches

80º 150º 885. If the circumference of a circle is half the area,

B C what is the radius of the circle?
a. ��12
a. 40°
b. 2
b. 50°
c. 4
c. 60°
d. 8
d. 70°

886. The radius of a circle is 6.78 centimeters. What

882. What is the measure of angle ABC if ABCD is a
is the circumference?
parallelogram, and the measure of angle BAD
a. 6.78p centimeters
is 88°?
B
b. 13.56p centimeters
C
c. 45.97p centimeters
d. 183.87p centimeters
88°
A D 88 . What is the area of the following diagram?
3
a. 88° 3
b. 90°
13
c. 92°
d. 102°
23

883. One base angle of an isosceles triangle is 70°. a. 239 square units
What is the vertex angle? b. 259 square units
a. 130° c. 299 square units
b. 90° d. 306 square units
c. 70°
d. 40°

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888. What is the perimeter of the following 892. All of the rooms on the top foor of a govern-
rectangle? ment building are rectangular, with eight-foot
ceilings. One room is nine feet wide by 11 feet
long. What is the combined area of the four
2
walls, including doors and windows?
a. 320 square feet
5
a. 7 units b. 160 square feet
b. 10 units c. 99 square feet
c. 14 units d. 72 square feet
d. 70 units
893. Jade made a painting on a rectangular canvas
889. What is the volume of a pyramid that has a with the dimensions of 25 inches by 45 inches.
rectangular base fve feet by three feet and a How many square inches is the painting?
height of eight feet? Use V = ��13 (area of a. 140 square inches
base)(height). b. 280 square inches
a. 16 cubic feet c. 1,125 square inches
b. 30 cubic feet d. 2,250 square inches
c. 40 cubic feet
d. 80 cubic feet 894. A square room has an area of 324 square feet.
What is the perimeter?
890. Two squares are similar. The areas of the a. 18 feet
smaller and larger squares are 81 square inches b. 27 feet
and 6,561 square inches, respectively. What is c. 36 feet
the length of the sides of the larger square? d. 72 feet
a. 9 inches
b. 81 inches 895. Louise wants to wallpaper a room. It has one
c. 6,561 inches window that measures three feet by four feet,
d. 1,640.25 inches and one door that measures three feet by seven
feet. The room is 12 feet by 12 feet, and is ten
891. What is the length of a rectangle with an area feet tall. If only the walls are to be covered, and
of 420 square feet and a width of 20 feet? rolls of wallpaper are 100 square feet, what is
a. 21 feet the minimum number of rolls that she will
b. 22 feet need?
c. 23 feet a. 4
d. 24 feet b. 5
c. 6
d. 7

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896. What is the area of the following triangle ? 900. The length of a rectangle is equal to four inches
more than twice the width. Three times the
length plus two times the width is equal to 28
4
inches. What is the area of the rectangle?
8 a. 8 square inches
a. 6 square units b. 16 square inches
b. 12 square units c. 24 square inches
c. 16 square units d. 28 square inches
d. 32 square units
901. A rectangular box has a square base with an
area of nine square feet. If the volume of the
S e t 57 (Answers begin on page 186.) box is 36 cubic feet, what is the approximate
length of the longest object that can ft in the
89 . Find the area of the following parallelogram. box? (Note: A calculator is needed for this
12 problem.)
a. 3 feet
5
b. 5 feet
4
c. 5.8 feet
d. 17 feet

902. Dennis Sorensen is buying land on which he

a. 48 square units
plans to build a cabin. He wants 200 feet in
b. 68 square units
road frontage and a lot 500 feet deep. If the
c. 72 square units
asking price is $9,000 an acre for the land,
d. 240 square units
approximately how much will Dennis pay for
his lot? (1 acre = 43,560 square feet)
898. What is the area of the rectangle?
4 a. $10,000
b. $20,700
2 c. $22,956
d. $24,104
a. 6 square units
b. 8 square units
c. 12 square units
d. 16 square units

899. If the perimeter of a square mirror is 68 inches,

what is the area in square inches?
a. 17 square inches
b. 272 square inches
c. 289 square inches
d. 4,624 square inches

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903. In the following diagram, a circle of area 100p 906. What is the value of x in the following fgure?
square inches is inscribed in a square. What is
the length of side AB? 10
A B 1

a. 3
b. 4
D C c. 5
a. 10 inches d. 9
b. 20 inches
c. 100 inches 90 . What is the area of the shaded fgure inside the
d. 400 inches rectangle?

3
904. Gilda is making a quilt. She wants a quilt that 18
is 30 square feet. She has collected fabric
12
squares that are six inches by six inches. How
many squares will she need?
18 3
a. 60
b. 90
a. 18 square units
c. 100
b. 54 square units
d. 120
c. 60 square units
d. 72 square units
905. What is the area of the following rectangle?

908. Ahmed has a canvas frame that is 25 inches

long and 18 inches wide. When he centers it on
10
top of a rectangular piece of canvas, the canvas
is three inches longer on all four sides. What is
the area of the canvas?
a. 450 square inches
6 b. 588 square inches
a. 30 square units c. 744 square inches
b. 60 square units d. 872 square inches
c. 64 square units
d. 150 square units

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909. Kristen has a four-foot leash for her dog. She Set 58 (Answers begin on page 188.)
tied the leash to a stake in the ground so her
dog would have some room to wander while 913. A two-story house is 20 feet high. The sides of
she was working in the yard. What is the the house are 28 feet long; the front and back
approximate area that her dog can roam while are each 16 feet long. A gallon of paint will
tied to the stake? cover 440 square feet. How many gallons are
a. 13 square feet needed to paint the whole house?
b. 16 square feet a. 3 gallons
c. 25 square feet b. 4 gallons
d. 50 square feet c. 5 gallons
d. 6 gallons
910. Zelda’s book fell on the foor and landed with
its spine up in an isosceles triangle. The height 914. If the perimeter of a rectangle is 40 centimeters
of the book triangle is 7�12� inches, and the base and the shorter sides each have lengths of
is 5��12 inches. What is the area of the triangle 4 centimeters, what is the length of each of the
formed by the fallen book? longer sides?
a. 20.6 square inches a. 10 centimeters
b. 32.5 square inches b. 12 centimeters
c. 36.75 square inches c. 16 centimeters
d. 41.25 square inches d. 18 centimeters

911. How many 12-inch square tiles are needed 915. A square television has an area of 676 square
to tile the foor in a room that is 10 feet inches. How long is each side?
by 15 feet? a. 26 inches
a. 144 b. 25 inches
b. 150 c. 24 inches
c. 300 d. 23 inches
d. 1,800
916. The kitchen in Dexter’s house contains a circu-
912. A city building needs a new emblem for the lar stone inset with a radius of three feet in the
front lobby. The emblem is circular with an middle of the foor. The room is square; each
area of 452.16 square inches. Taking p to be wall is 11.5 feet long. Dexter wants to retile the
3.14, what is the radius of the emblem? kitchen, all except for the stone inset. What is
a. 6 inches the approximate square footage of the area
b. 12 inches Dexter needs to buy tiles for?
c. 144 inches a. 28 square feet
d. 288 inches b. 76 square feet
c. 104 square feet
d. 132 square feet

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91 . The new hotel in the city is replacing an old 921. Larry needs 45 square yards of fabric for cur-
lobby window. The window opening is 18 feet tains on two windows. If the fabric is 54 inches
by 32 feet. What is the size of the piece of glass wide, how many yards should he buy?
needed to fll the hole completely? a. 10 yards
a. 50 square feet b. 15 yards
b. 100 square feet c. 20 yards
c. 576 square feet d. 30 yards
d. 1,152 square feet
922. The ceiling in a rectangular room is eight feet
918. Kari is running for student council. The rules high. The room is 15 feet by 12 feet. Bernie
restrict the candidates to four two-foot-by- wants to paint the long walls Moss and the
three-foot posters. Kari has dozens of four- short walls Daffodil. The paint can be pur-
inch-by-six-inch pictures with which she chased in gallon cans only, and each gallon will
would like to cover the posters. What is the cover 200 square feet. How many cans of each
maximum number of pictures she will be able color will Bernie need?
to use on the four posters? a. 2 cans of Moss and 1 can of Daffodil
a. 144 b. 1 can of Moss and 2 cans of Daffodil
b. 130 c. 2 cans of Moss and 2 cans of Daffodil
c. 125 d. 1 can of Moss and 1 can of Daffodil
d. 111
923. A doctor’s offce waiting room needs to be
919. Eli has a picture that is 25 inches by 19 inches recarpeted. The carpeting costs $23.50 per
and a frame that is 30 inches by 22 inches. He square foot. How much would it cost to replace
will make up the difference with a mat that will the carpet if the room’s dimensions are 14 feet
ft between the picture and the frame. What is by 20 feet?
the area of the mat he will need? a. $6,058
a. 660 square inches b. $6,085
b. 475 square inches c. $6,580
c. 250 square inches d. $6,850
d. 185 square inches
924. A rectangular school hallway is to be tiled with
920. The area of a triangle is 54 square centimeters. six-inch-square tiles. The hallway is 72 feet
The base is 18 centimeters. What is the height long and ten feet wide. Lockers along both
of the triangle? walls narrow the hallway by one foot on each
a. 3 centimeters side. How many tiles are needed to cover the
b. 6 centimeters hallway foor?
c. 9 centimeters a. 16
d. 12 centimeters b. 20
c. 2,304
d. 2,880

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925. Mike is looking for a place on his wall to hang Set 59 (Answers begin on page 189.)
a portrait of his children. The framed portrait is
24 inches long, and its area is 432 square inches. 929. Juana is building a mall with 20 stores, each 20
How wide of a space on the wall does Mike feet by 35 feet. The mall has one hallway with
need to have in order for the portrait to ft? dimensions of 100 feet by 20 feet. What is the
a. 12 inches mall’s square footage?
b. 14 inches a. 18,000 square feet
c. 18 inches b. 16,000 square feet
d. 20 inches c. 6,000 square feet
d. 2,000 square feet
926. A waiter folds a napkin in half to form a fve-
inch square. What is the area, in square inches, 930. Tamika is restoring an antique storage chest
of the unfolded napkin? that is in the shape of a rectangular box. She is
a. 25 square inches painting only the outside of the trunk. The
b. 30 square inches trunk is four feet long, 18 inches wide, and
c. 50 square inches two feet tall. There is a brass ornament on the
d. 60 square inches outside of the trunk that takes up an area of
one square foot that will not get painted. How
92 . Shoshanna has a lamp placed in the center of her much paint does she need, in square feet, to
yard. The lamp shines a radius of ten feet on cover the outside of the trunk?
her yard, which is 20 feet on each side. How a. 33 square feet
much of the yard, in square feet, is NOT lit by b. 34 square feet
the lamp? c. 143 square feet
a. 400p square feet d. 231 square feet
b. 100p square feet
c. 400 - 100p square feet 931. If the radius of a circle is seven centimeters,
d. 40 - 10p square feet what is the area of the circle?
a. 49p square centimeters
928. In the diagram, a half circle is laid adjacent to a b. 21p square centimeters
triangle. What is the total area of the shape, if c. 14p square centimeters
the radius of the half circle is three units? d. 7p square centimeters

932. The circumference of a circle is 131.88 inches.

4 Taking p to be 3.14, what is the diameter of the
circle?
a. 42 inches
b. 44 inches
a. 6(p + 4) square units c. 46 inches
b. 6p + 12 square units d. 48 inches
c. 6p + 24 square units
d. �9p
2� + 12 square units

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933. Emily is wallpapering a circular room with a 93 . What is the area of the following isosceles
10-foot radius and a height of eight feet. triangle?
Ignoring the doors and windows, how much
wallpaper will she need?
5
a. 252p square feet
b. 160p square feet
c. 100p square feet 3
d. 70p square feet
a. 6 square units
b. 12 square units
934. Mary wants to know the distance around the
c. 15 square units
rectangular playground that she runs around
d. 24 square units
three times a week. The width of the feld is 75
meters, and the length is 150 meters.
938. What is the area of the following parallelo-
a. 11,250 square meters
gram?
b. 450 square meters 8
c. 11,250 meters
d. 450 meters
5

935. The base of a triangle is twice the height of the

triangle. If the area is 16 square inches, what is
the height? 3
a. 4 inches a. 15 square units
b. 8 inches b. 24 square units
c. 12 inches c. 32 square units
d. 16 inches d. 40 square units

936. The area of a rectangular poster is 330 square 939. What is the area of the following fgure?
3
centimeters. If the length is 22 centimeters,
what is the width?
a. 14 centimeters
10
b. 15 centimeters
c. 16 centimeters
d. 17 centimeters
6
a. 30 square units
b. 45 square units
c. 60 square units
d. 90 square units

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940. What is the measure of the diagonal of the fol- 942. What is the area of the following fgure?
lowing rectangle?

3
5

12
5
a. 8.5 units
b. 12 units
c. 13 units
d. 17 units 4
a. 22 square units
941. Find the area of the shaded portion in the fol- b. 26 square units
lowing fgure. c. 30 square units
d. 32 square units

943. What is the difference in area between a square

r =1 cm
with a base of four inches; and a parallelogram
with a base of four inches, a slant of six inches,
and a height of four inches?
a. 0 square inches
a. p square centimeters b. 2 square inches
b. p - 1 square centimeters c. 4 square inches
c. 2 - p square centimeters d. 8 square inches
d. 4 - p square centimeters
944. The radius of a given circle is six meters. What
is the area of the circle?
a. 3p square meters
b. 6p square meters
c. 12p square meters
d. 36p square meters

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Se t 60 (Answers begin on page 189.) 949. Reina is using silk to decorate the lids of round
tin boxes. She will cut the silk in circles and use
945. Horses are racing on a circular track with a fabric glue to attach them. The lids have a
perimeter of 360 feet. Two cameras are in the radius of 4�12� inches. Taking p to be 3.14, what
center of the track. Camera A is following should be the approximate circumference of
Horse A, and Camera B is following Horse B. If the fabric circles?
the angle between the two cameras is 40°, how a. 14�14� inches
far apart are the two horses? b. 18��12 inches
a. 80p feet c. 24��12 inches
b. 40p feet d. 28��14 inches
c. 40 feet
d. 90 feet 950. In order to fell a tree, lumberjacks drive a spike
through the center. If the circumference of a
946. Lily is replacing all the plumbing in her house. tree is 43.96 feet, what is the minimum length
The pipe she is using has a diameter of 2.5 needed to go completely through the tree, pass-
inches. Taking p to be 3.14, what is the circum- ing through the center? Take p to be 3.14.
ference of the end of the pipe? a. 7 feet
a. 5 inches b. 14 feet
b. 6.28 inches c. 21 feet
c. 7.85 inches d. 28 feet
d. 15.7 inches
951. Farmer Harris fnds a crop circle in the north
94 . A horse is tied to a post with a 20-foot rope. 40 acres, where he believes an alien spacecraft
What is the longest path that the horse can landed. A reporter from the Daily News
walk? measures the circle and fnds that its radius is
a. 20 feet 25 feet. What is the circumference of the crop
b. 40 feet circle? Take p to be 3.14.
c. 20p feet a. 78.5 feet
d. 40p feet b. 157 feet
c. 208 feet
948. Rick is making a glass cover for the top of a d. 357.5 feet
round end table. The diameter of the table is
36 inches. Taking p to be 3.14, what will be the 952. Jessie wants to buy a round dining table the
approximate area of the glass cover for the same size as her circular rug. The circumfer-
tabletop? ence of the rug is 18.84 feet. What should be
a. 4,071.50 square inches the diameter of the table she buys? Take p to
b. 1,296 square inches be 3.14.
c. 1,017.36 square inches a. 3.14 feet
d. 113.10 square inches b. 6 feet
c. 7 feet
d. 18 feet

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953. The area of a given circle is 49p square units. 958. Bridget wants to hang a garland of silk fowers
What is the radius? all around the ceiling of a square room. Each
a. 7 units side of the room is nine feet long; the garlands
b. 9 units are available in 15-foot lengths only. How
c. 11 units many garlands will she need to buy?
d. 13 units a. 2
b. 3
954. Ana is making cookies. She rolls out the dough c. 4
to a rectangle that is 18 inches by 12 inches. d. 5
Her circular cookie cutter has a circumference
of 9.42 inches. Assuming she reuses the dough 959. The perimeter of a rectangle is 38 centimeters.
scraps and all the cookies are the same weight, What are the dimensions of the rectangle?
approximately how many cookies can Ana cut a. 10 centimeters ¥ 6 centimeters
out of the dough? Take p to be 3.14. b. 12 centimeters ¥ 4 centimeters
a. 31 c. 12 centimeters ¥ 2 centimeters
b. 14 d. 10 centimeters ¥ 9 centimeters
c. 12
d. 10 960. Michelle painted an eight-foot-by-ten-foot
canvas foor cloth with a blue border
955. Skyler’s bike wheel has a diameter of 27 inches. eight inches wide. What is the perimeter of
He rides his bike until the wheel turns 100 the unpainted section?
times. How far did he ride? a. 15�13� feet
a. 1,500p inches b. 20��23 feet
b. 2,700p inches
c. 30�23� feet
c. 3,200p inches
d. 35��13 feet
d. 4,800p inches

956. Find the perimeter of an isosceles triangle that

has a base of 8 centimeters and one side that Set 61 (Answers begin on page 190.)
measures 14 centimeters.
a. 36 centimeters 961. Emily would like to make a new pillowcase for
b. 36 square centimeters her pillow. The length of the pillow is 2.5 feet
c. 22 centimeters and the width is 1.5 feet. What is the area of
d. 22 square centimeters the pillow?
a. 4 square feet
95 . Find the perimeter of a regular octagon that b. 3.75 square feet
has sides measuring 13 centimeters each. c. 3.25 square feet
a. 78 centimeters d. 3 square feet
b. 91 centimeters
c. 104 centimeters
d. 117 centimeters

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962. Minako has a fsh pond shaped like an equilat- 96 . In a pinball machine, a ball bounces off a
eral triangle, that is 20 feet on a side. She wants bumper at an angle of 72° and then bounces
to fll the pond, which is ten feet deep, with off another bumper that is parallel to the frst.
water. How much water will she need? If the angles that the ball comes to and leaves
a. 1003
cubic feet the frst bumper from are equal, at what angle
b. 1005
cubic feet does the ball bounce off the second bumper?
c. 1,000 cubic feet
d. 1,0003
cubic feet

963. Juan takes a compass reading and fnds that he 72

?
is 32° north of east. If he was facing the exact
opposite direction, what would his compass
reading be?
a. 32° north of west a. 36°
b. 58° west of south b. 48°
c. 58° north of east c. 72°
d. 32° south of east d. 90°

964. Renee is putting a stairway in her house. If she 968. To wash the windows on the second foor of
wants the stairway to make an angle of 20° to his house, Alan leaned a ladder against the
the ceiling, what obtuse angle should the stair- house, creating a 54° acute angle with the
way make to the foor? ground. What is the measure of the angle the
a. 30° ladder made with the house?
b. 40° a. 36°
c. 110° b. 81°
d. 160° c. 126°
d. 306°
965. When building a house, the builder should
make certain that the walls meet at a 90° angle. 969. A wheelchair ramp must have a run (horizon-
This is called tal distance) of one foot for every inch that the
a. a straight angle. ramp goes up. How long (diagonal distance)
b. an acute angle. must a ramp be built in order to cover the
c. an obtuse angle. height of an eight-inch step?
d. a right angle. a. 4
13 inches
b. 82
inches
966. Zelda cuts a pizza in half in a straight line. She c. 8
145 inches
then cuts a line from the center to the edge, d. 9,280 inches
creating a 35° angle. What is the supplement of
that angle?
a. 145°
b. 70°
c. 55°
d. 35°
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9 0. Which of the following statements best 9 4. Rachel has a round coffee table that has six
describes the vertex of an angle? equal triangle-shaped inlays. The smallest
a. the longest side of an angle angle of each triangle meets in the center of the
b. the imaginary third side of an angle table; each triangle touches the edge of the tri-
c. the point where the two rays of an angle angle on either side. Three intersecting lines,
meet therefore, create the six identical triangles.
d. the formula for fnding the degrees in an What is the angle of each of the points in the
angle center of the table?
a. 120°
9 1. A chicken is standing at the side of a straight b. 90°
section of road. On the same side, a cow is c. 75°
standing 60 feet down the road; on the other d. 60°
side of the road and directly across from the
chicken, a bowl of corn sits. The corn is 80 feet 9 5. The most ergonomically correct angle between
from the cow. Approximately how far will the the keyboard and the screen of a laptop com-
chicken have to go to cross the road to eat the puter is 100°. This is called
corn? (Note: A calculator is needed for this a. an acute angle.
problem.) b. a complimentary angle.
a. 45 feet c. an obtuse angle.
b. 49 feet d. a right angle.
c. 53 feet
d. 61 feet 9 6. When Ivan swam across a river, the current
carried him 20 feet downstream. If the total
9 2. Two ships leave from a port. Ship A sails west distance that he swam was 40 feet, approxi-
for 300 miles, and Ship B sails north for 400 mately how wide is the river to the nearest
miles. How far apart are the ships after their foot?
trips? a. 30 feet
a. 300 miles b. 32 feet
b. 400 miles c. 35 feet
c. 500 miles d. 50 feet
d. 900 miles

9 3. What is the measure of the arc of a circle inter-

cepted by a central angle that measures 64°?
a. 32°
b. 64°
c. 128°
d. 360°

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Se t 62 (Answers begin on page 191.) 981. Dennis is building a brick wall that will measure
10 feet by 16 feet. If the bricks he is using are
9 . Lara is standing next to a tree with a shadow of three inches wide and fve inches long, how
40 feet. If Lara is 5.5 feet tall with a shadow of many bricks will it take to build the wall?
10 feet, what is the height of the tree? a. 128
a. 10 feet b. 160
b. 11 feet c. 1,536
c. 20 feet d. 23,040
d. 22 feet
982. A power line stretches down a 400-foot coun-
9 8. Stefan is leaning a ladder against his house so try road. A pole is to be put at each end of the
that the top of the ladder makes a 75° angle road with one in the midpoint of the wire.
with the house wall. What is the measure of the How far apart is the center pole from the left-
acute angle where the ladder meets the level most pole?
ground? a. 100 feet
a. 15° b. 200 feet
b. 25° c. 300 feet
c. 45° d. 400 feet
d. 165°
983. Justin walks to school in a straight line; the dis-
9 9. Greta is building a path in her yard. She wants tance is seven blocks. The frst block is 97 feet
the path to bisect her garden on the side that is long; the second and third blocks are 90 feet
36 feet long. How far from the end of Greta’s long; and the fourth, ffth, and sixth blocks are
garden will the path cross it? 110 feet long. The seventh block is congruent
a. 12 feet to the second block. How far does Justin walk?
b. 18 feet a. 770 feet
c. 20 feet b. 717 feet
d. 72 feet c. 704 feet
d. 607 feet
980. Mario the bike messenger picks up a package at
Print Quick, delivers it to Bob’s offce 22 blocks 984. Lines A and B are parallel to each other. Lines
away, waits for Bob to approve the package, C and D are also parallel to each other, and in
and then hops on his bike and returns the addition, both perpendicular to lines A and B.
package to Print Quick. If one block is 90 Suppose line E is a transversal to line A. What
yards, how many yards will Mario bike in total? other line(s) must line E cross?
a. 44 yards a. Line B
b. 180 yards b. Lines B and C
c. 1,980 yards c. Lines B and D
d. 3,960 yards d. Lines C and D

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985. Betty Lou, Norma Jean, Margery, and Dave 989. If two sides of a triangle measure fve and
want to share a brownie evenly and only cut seven, between what two numbers must the
the brownie twice. Margery cuts one line down length of the third side be?
the middle and hands the knife to Dave. What a. 2 and 5
kind of line should Dave cut through the mid- b. 2 and 12
dle of the frst line? c. 5 and 7
a. a parallel line d. The third side can have any length.
b. a transversal line
c. a perpendicular line 990. A container flled with water is 10 inches by 10
d. a skewed line inches by 15 inches. Portia flls her glass with
60 cubic inches of water from the con-tainer.
986. Oddly, the town of Abra lies half in one state How much water is left in the container?
and half in another. To make it even more con- a. 1,500 cubic inches
fusing, the straight line that divides the states b. 1,440 cubic inches
runs along Sandusky Street. What is the rela- c. 1,000 cubic inches
tionship of the houses at 612 Sandusky, 720 d. 60 cubic inches
Sandusky, and 814 Sandusky?
a. The houses are congruent. 991. Find the volume of a box with a length of
b. The houses are collinear. 8.5 inches, a width of 5.5 inches, and a height
c. The houses are segmented. of 10 inches.
d. The houses are equilateral. a. 457.6 cubic inches
b. 467.5 cubic inches
98 . What is the sum of the measures of the exterior c. 475.6 cubic inches
angles of a regular pentagon? d. 476.5 cubic inches
a. 72°
b. 108° 992. A water tank is in the shape of a right circular
c. 360° cylinder. The base has a radius of six feet. If the
d. 540° height of the tank is 20 feet, what is the
approximate volume of the water tank? Take p
988. The city requires all pools to be in fenced-in to be 3.14.
yards. Rick’s yard is 60 feet by 125 feet. How a. 377 cubic feet
much fencing does he need to fence in the yard b. 720 cubic feet
for the pool, excluding a four-foot gate at the c. 754 cubic feet
sidewalk? d. 2,261 cubic feet
a. 181 feet
b. 366 feet
c. 370 feet
d. 7,496 feet

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Se t 63 (Answers begin on page 192.) 996. Sunjeev has a briefcase with dimensions of 2 by
1��12 by ��12 feet. He wishes to place several note-
993. A builder has 27 cubic feet of concrete to pave books, each eight inches by nine inches by one
a sidewalk whose length is six times its width. inch, into the briefcase. What is the largest
The concrete must be poured six inches deep. number of notebooks the briefcase will hold?
How long is the sidewalk? a. 42
a. 9 feet b. 36
b. 12 feet c. 20
c. 15 feet d. 15
d. 18 feet
99 . One cubic foot of copper is to be made into
994. Anne has two containers for water: A rectangu- wire with a ��12 inch radius. If all of the copper is
lar plastic box with a base of 16 square inches, used to produce the wire, how long will the
and a cylindrical container with a radius of wire be, in inches?
two inches and a height of 11 inches. The rec- a. 2,000 inches
4,000
tangular box is flled with water nine inches b. �� inches
p
from the bottom. If Anne pours all this water c. 6,912
�� inches
p
into the cylindrical container, which of the fol- 48,000
d. �� inches
p
lowing will be true?
a. The cylinder will overfow.
998. Daoming wants to know the height of a tele-
b. The cylinder will be exactly full.
phone pole. He measures his shadow, which is
c. The cylinder will be flled to an approximate
three feet long, and the pole’s shadow, which is
level of 10 inches.
ten feet long. Daoming’s height is six feet. How
d. The cylinder will be flled to an approximate
tall is the pole?
level of 8 inches.
a. 40 feet
b. 30 feet
995. A cereal box is flled with Snappie cereal at the
c. 20 feet
Snappie production facility. When the box
d. 10 feet
arrives at the supermarket, the cereal has set-
tled and takes up a volume of 144 cubic inches.
999. Which type of transformation can change the
There is an empty space in the box of 32 cubic
size of an object?
inches. If the base of the box is two inches by
a. refection
eight inches, how tall is the box?
b. dilation
a. 5 inches
c. translation
b. 11 inches
d. rotation
c. 12 inches
d. 15 inches

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1000. Which three points are both collinear and 1001. A pole that casts a 15-foot-long shadow
coplanar? stands near an eight-foot-high stop sign. If
the shadow cast by the sign is three feet long,
A how high is the pole?
a. 24 feet
b. 30 feet
B c. 40 feet
C
E d. 45 feet
D

a. A, B, C
b. A, C, D
c. B, C, D
d. D, E, A

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ANSWERS

S ec tion 1— . a. The correct answer to this basic addition

Misce llane ous Math problem is 49.
8. d. The correct answer to this basic addition
Set 1 (Page 2) problem is 100.
1. b. The correct answer to this basic addition 9. a. The correct answer to this basic subtraction
problem is 14. problem is 43.
2. b. The correct answer to this basic subtrac- 10. b. The correct answer to this basic subtraction
tion problem is 6. problem is 82,202.
3. a. The correct answer to this basic division 11. b. In this case (but not in all cases, as you will
problem is 3. see in some of the following problems),
4. d. The correct answer to this basic multipli- perform the operations in the order pre-
cation problem is 16. sented, from left to right: 72 + 98 = 170;
5. a. The correct answer to this basic subtrac- then, 170 - 17 = 153.
tion problem is 44. 12. d. Again, perform the operations in the
6. c. The correct answer to this basic addition order presented. First subtract, then add:
problem is 100. 353 is the correct answer.

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13. c. First add, then subtract. The correct answer 24. d. The bars on either side of –9 indicate “the
is 560. absolute value of –9.” The absolute value of a
14. b. First add, then subtract. The correct answer number is the distance that number is away
is 6,680. When doing problems involving from zero on a number line. The absolute
several digits, it’s easy to make mistakes. Be value of –9 is 9 because it is nine units away
sure to read carefully, no matter how simple from zero on the left. Because absolute value
the problem seems. is a distance, it is always greater than or
15. a. First subtract, then add. The correct answer equal to zero.
is 5,507. 25. a. The correct answer is 15. An incorrect
16. d. Subtract from left to right: 613 – 498 = 115. answer may represent an error in place
Then, 115 – 102 = 13. So, the correct answer value.
is 13. 26. b. The correct answer is 12,407. If you chose
choice a, you disregarded the zero in 62,035.
Set 2 (Page 3) 2 . c. The answer when the two numbers are
1 . b. Perform the operations within the paren- divided is approximately 100.03, which is
theses frst: 15 + 32 = 47; 56 - 39 = 17. closest to 100. You can approximate 6,302
Then, multiply those sums as indicated by by 6,300. This is useful because 63 goes into
the adjoined parentheses: 47 ¥ 17 = 799. 6,300 evenly—in fact, 100 times! So, 6,302 ÷
18. a. The correct answer to this basic division 63 is approximately the same as 6,300 ÷ 63,
problem is 9. which is 100.
19. d. The correct answer to this multiplication 28. d. You can estimate the product by rounding
problem is 25,200. both numbers to a close multiple of 10.
20. c. The correct answer to this multiplication Here, 3,504 is approximately equal to 3,500,
problem is 15,050. and 19 is approximately equal to 20. It is
21. b. The correct answer to this multiplication easier to compute 3,500 ¥ 20 because of all
problem is 7,290. the zeros. The given product 3,504 ¥ 19 is
22. d. 56,515 ∏ 4 = 14128.75. Since the number approximately equal to 3,500 ¥ 20, which is
directly after the decimal point is greater 70,000.
than 5, we round this number up to 14,129 29. a. Perform the operations in parentheses frst:
to get the nearest whole number. 84 – 5 = 79 from the frst set and 3 ¥ 54 =
23. c. The bars on either side of 7 indicate “the 162 from the second set. The expression is
absolute value of 7.” The absolute value of a now 12(79) – 162. Multiply 12 times 79 to
number is the distance that number is away get 948, and then subtract: 948 – 162 = 786.
from zero on a number line. The absolute 30. b. Perform the operation within the parenthe-
value of 7 is 7 because it is seven units away ses frst: 184 ÷ 4 = 46. Then, multiply by 2:
from zero (to the right). 46 ¥2 = 92.
31. b. Perform the operation within the parenthe-
ses frst: 12 ¥ 6 = 72; then, add 18 to the
product 18. The correct answer is 90.
32. a. First multiply, then add. The correct answer
is 1,467.

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Set 3 (Page 4) 41. b. A prime number is a whole number whose

33. c. First multiply; then subtract. The correct only factors are one and itself. Two, three,
answer is 65,011. and seven are all prime numbers. The
34. a. First divide; then add. The answer is 162. prime factors of a number are the prime
35. a. When an expression involves more than one numbers that multiply to equal that num-
operation, you need to follow the correct ber: 2 ¥ 3 ¥ 7 = 42.
order of operations: 1) Operations in 42. a. Forty-six goes into 184 four times.
Parentheses; 2) Exponents; 3) Multiplica- The other choices cannot be divided evenly
tion and Division in order from left to right; into 184.
4) Addition and Subtraction in order from 43. c. Subtract the pounds frst, and then the
left to right. A good device for remembering ounces.
this order is saying: Please Excuse My Dear 44. d. You must “borrow” 60 minutes from the
Aunt Sally. So, in this problem you must three hours in order to be able to subtract.
divide frst: 204 ∏ 2 = 102. Now subtract 102 Note that 3 hours 20 minutes = 2 hours
from 604: 604 – 102 = 502. The correct 80 minutes. So, the difference is: 2 hours
answer is 502. 80 minutes – 1 hour 48 minutes = 1 hour
36. d. Do the operation in parentheses frst: 32 minutes.
202 ∏ 2 = 101; then, subtract the answer 45. b. The mean of a list of numbers is their aver-
from 604: 604 - 101 = 503. age. To fnd this, you add the numbers
3 . a. Multiply from left to right. The correct together and divide this sum by how many
answer is 14,560. numbers there are in the list. Add the four
38. d. Multiply within the parentheses frst: numbers together for a sum of 244. Then,
8 ¥ 3 = 24; then, multiply the product by 17. divide by 4 to get a quotient of 61.
The correct answer is 408. 46. c. Divide the larger number by the smaller
39. d. Use the place value of each of the nonzero number for a quotient of 4,978.
numbers. The four is in the ten thousands 4 . a. Add the feet frst, and then the inches:
place, so it is equal to 40,000, the fve is in 3 + 5 = 8; 6 + 8 = 14. Then, convert
the hundreds place, so it is equal to 500, and 12 inches to 1 foot with 2 inches left over.
the three is in the ones place, so it is equal to Add to 8 feet. The correct answer is 9 feet
3; 40,000 + 500 + 3 = 40,503. 2 inches.
40. c. The number 112 is divisible by both seven 48. d. Add the hours frst, and then the minutes:
and eight because each can divide into 112 1 hour + 3 hours = 4 hours. 20 minutes +
without a remainder; 112 ∏ 7 = 16 and 112 40 minutes = 60 minutes. Then, convert
∏ 8 = 14. Choice a is only divisible by seven, 60 minutes to 1 hour with 0 minutes left
choice b is not divisible by either, and choice over. Add to 4 hours to get the correct
d is only divisible by eight. answer of 5 hours 0 minutes, or simply
5 hours.

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Set 4 (Page 6) 58. d. When squaring a number, simply multiply it

49. c. The number 157 is rounded to 200, and 817 by itself: 19 ¥19 = 361. Do not multiply the
is rounded to 800; 200 ¥ 800 = 160,000. base times the exponent.
50. b. When adding negative numbers, follow this 59. b. To solve this division problem, subtract the
rule: If the numbers have different signs, exponents only: 5 - 2 = 3, so the answer is
subtract the smaller from the larger. The 103. If you are uncomfortable with this,
sum takes the sign of the larger number. In rewrite the problem as 100,000 ÷ 100 to get
this expression the correct answer is –13. 1,000, which equals 103.
51. d. When multiplying integers, begin by multi- 60. a. –42 means the opposite of the result of 4
plying the numbers: 4 ¥9 = 36. If there is an raised to the second power. Think of it as
odd number of negative signs, the answer is –1 ¥ 42. As in the order of operations, evalu-
negative. If there is an even number of nega- ate the exponent frst, and then multiply:
tive signs, the answer is positive. In this –1 ¥ 16 = –16. This does NOT mean the
expression, there are two negative signs; same thing as (–4)2, which means
therefore, the correct answer is 36. (–4) ¥(–4) = 16.
52. b. When adding negative numbers, simply add 61. a. –53 means the opposite of the result of 5
the numbers and carry the negative sign raised to the third power. Think of it as
into the answer. The correct answer to this –1 ¥ 53. As in the order of operations, evalu-
expression is –12. ate the exponent frst, and then multiply:
53. b. When adding a negative number to a posi- –1 ¥ (5 ¥ 5 ¥ 5) = –1 ¥ 125 = –125.
tive number, subtract the smaller from the 62. d. Since there are parentheses, the base in this
larger and carry the sign of the larger num- question is –11; (–11)2 means –11 ¥ –11,
ber into the answer. The correct answer to which is equal to 121. Because there is an
this expression is –8. even number of negatives, the answer is
54. b. When adding two numbers that are the positive.
same, but have opposite signs, you will 63. a. To fnd the square root of a number, ask the
always get zero as your answer. question, “What number times itself equals
55. c. The meaning of 63 is 6 to the power of 3, or 6 64?” The answer is 8.
used as a factor 3 times: 6 ¥ 6 ¥ 6. 64. a. Square roots can be multiplied and divided,
56. d. In this problem, 2 is the base and 5 is the but they cannot be added or subtracted.
exponent. Two raised to the power of 5
means to use 2 as a factor fve times: Set 5 (Page 7)
2 ¥ 2 ¥ 2 ¥ 2 ¥ 2 = 32. 65. b. The square root of 144 is 12.
5 . d. A composite number is a whole number 66. d. The symbol “!” means factorial, which is the
greater than 1 that has other factors besides product of that number and every positive
1 and itself; in other words, it is not prime. whole number less than it: 5! = 5 ¥ 4 ¥ 3 ¥
Each of the answer choices is a prime num- 2 ¥ 1 = 120.
ber except 91, which has factors of 1, 7, 13,
6 . b. Divide the total number of hot dogs (400)
and 91.
by the number in each package (8), to get
the total number of packages: 400 ∏ 8 = 50.

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68. d. Begin by adding: 12 ounces + 10 ounces = 8. b. Add the value of the three sweaters (3 ¥ 68
22 ounces. Since this unit of measurement is = 204), the video game after the rebate
not an answer choice, convert to pounds. (75 – 10 = 65) and one bracelet (43);
There are 16 ounces in 1 pound, so 22 204 + 65 + 43 = $312.
ounces is equal to 1 pound 6 ounces. 9. a. This is a two-step subtraction problem. First
69. b. Change the hours to minutes: 1 hour you must fnd out how many miles the
40 minutes = 100 minutes; 1 hour 50 min- truck has traveled since its last maintenance.
utes = 110 minutes. Now add: 100 minutes To do this, subtract: 22,003 - 12,398 =
+ 110 minutes = 210 minutes. Now change 9,605. Now subtract 9,605 from 13,000 to
this back to hours and minutes: 210 minutes fnd out how many more miles the truck
∏ 60 minutes = 3.5 hours. can travel before it must have another main-
0. d. Multiply the number of members (35) by tenance: 13,000 - 9,605 = 3,395 miles.
the average number of bars sold per person 80. d. This is a problem involving multiplication.
(6): 35 ¥ 6 = 210. The easiest way to solve this problem is to
1. b. To answer this question, subtract the temporarily take away the fve zeros, then
amount of each purchase from the $58 she multiply: 365 ¥ 12 = 4,380. Now add back
started with; $58 – $18 = $40 and then the fve zeros for a total of 438,000,000.
$40 – $6 = $34. She has $34 left. (If you selected choice a, you mistakenly
2. c. Add the number of miles for each day for a divided when you should have multiplied.)
total of 696 miles; 696 rounded to the near-
est ten or nearest hundred is 700. Set 6 (Page 9)

3. c. To fnd their total score, add their individual 81. c. First ask how many inches are in one foot;
scores together: 189 + 120 + 120 + 95 = 524. the answer is 12 inches. Now multiply:
Don’t forget to add 120 twice for both 12 ¥ 4 = 48 inches.
Charles and Max. 82. c. This is a division problem: 46 ∏ 2 = 23.
4. c. You must subtract the reading at the begin- Rajeeve is 23 years old.
ning of the week from the reading at the 83. a. This is a two-step division problem:
end of the week: 21,053 - 20,907 = 146. 2,052 miles ∏ 6 days = 342 miles per day;
5. c. The values added together total $618. If you 342 miles per day ∏ 2 stops = 171 miles
chose choice a, you forgot that the value of between stops.
the handbag ($150) must also be included 84. a. Shoshanna’s three best (that is, lowest)
in the total. times are 54, 54, and 57, which add up to
6. b. This is a basic addition problem: 108 165. Now divide this sum by 3 to fnd the
pounds + 27 pounds = 135 pounds. average of these times: 165 ∏ 3 = 55. If you
got the wrong answer, you may have added
. c. The total value is $5,525. It is important to
all of Shoshanna’s times, rather than just her
remember to include all three telephone sets
best three. Or, maybe you added the three
($375 total), both computers ($2,600 total),
largest numbers, which are the worst times.
and both monitors ($1,900 total) in the
total value. 85. d. To fnd the average, divide the total number
of miles, 3,450, by 6 days: 3,450 miles ∏
6 days = 575 miles per day.

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86. c. First, fnd the total hours worked by all six 94. d. It will take one worker about twice as long
nurses: 8 + 10 + 9 + 8 + 7 + 12 = 54. Then to complete the task, so you must multiply
fnd the average by dividing the total hours the original hours and minutes by two:
by the number of nurses: 54 ∏ 6 = 9. 2 hours 40 minutes ¥ 2 = 4 hours 80 min-
8 . d. Divide the total number of miles by the utes, which is equal to 5 hours 20 minutes.
number of gallons used: 448 miles ∏ 95. d. Two candy bars require six quarters, one
16 gallons = 28 miles per gallon. package of peanuts requires fve quarters,
88. d. 827,036 bytes free + 542,159 bytes freed and one can of cola requires four quarters,
when the document was deleted = 1,369,195 for a total of 15 quarters.
bytes; 1,369,195 bytes - 489,986 bytes put 96. b. If it is 11:46 A.M., in 14 minutes it will
into the new fle = 879,209 bytes left free. be noon. In 15 minutes, then, it will be
89. c. The solution to the problem requires several 12:01 P.m.
operations: First, multiply $80 per month
by 7 months = $560. Next, multiply $20 per Set 7 (Page 11)
month by the remaining 5 months = $100. 9 . a. To arrive at the answer quickly, begin by
Now fnd the average for the entire year. rounding off the numbers, and you will
Add the two amounts: $560 + $100 = $660. see that choice a is less than 600 pounds,
Now divided by 12: $660 ∏ 12 months in a whereas choices b, c, and d are all more than
year = $55. 600 pounds.
90. c. This is a two-step problem. First, add the 98. b. Take the total number of classroom hours
three numbers: 22 + 25 + 19 = 66. Now and divide by the number of courses: 48 ∏ 3
divide the sum by 3 to fnd the average: = 16 hours per course. Now multiply the
66 ∏ 3 = 22. number of hours taught for one course by
91. c. First, convert feet to inches: 3 feet = 3 ¥ 12 the pay per hour: 16 ¥ $35 = $560.
inches = 36 inches. Now add 4 inches: 36 99. b. Carmella worked 15 hours per week for 8
inches + 4 inches = 40 inches. Then divide weeks: 15 ¥ 8 = 120. In addition, she worked
by 5 parts: 40 inches ∏ 5 = 8 inches. 15 hours for Mariah for one week, so 120 +
92. c. Multiply 16 by 5 to fnd out how many gal- 15 = 135.
lons all fve sprinklers will release in one 100. c. Divide the pounds of cod by the pounds per
minute. Then multiply the result (80 gallons crate: 400 ∏ 20 = 20.
per minute) by the number of minutes (10) 101. c. Take apart the statement and translate each
to get the entire amount released: 80 ¥ 10 part. The word Twice tells you to multiply
= 800 gallons. the quantity by two. In the second part of
93. b. The median value is the middle value in the the statement, the word sum is a key word
list when the numbers are arranged in for addition. So the sum of six and four is
ascending or descending order. In ascending translated as 6 + 4. The whole statement
order this list becomes 8, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 17. becomes 2(6 + 4).
The middle number is 10.

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102. b. The average is the sum divided by the num- 110. c. From 5:16 P.M. to 7:16 A.M. the next day is
ber of observations: (11 + 4 + 0 + 5 + 4 + 6) 14 hours. An additional 42 minutes elapses
∏ 6 = 5. Don’t forget to include the day on between 7:16 A.M. and 7:58 A.M.: (58 – 16
which he caught zero fsh in the total num- = 42).
ber of days he went fshing. Omitting this 111. c. The bars on either side of –14 indicate the
day is a common error that results in an absolute value of –14. The absolute value of
infation of the average. a number is its distance away from zero on a
103. a. The labor fee ($25) plus the deposit ($65) number line and, in this case, is 14. There-
plus the basic service ($15) equals $105. fore, 14 + –5 = 9. Since the signs are differ-
The difference between the total bill, ent, subtract and keep the sign of the larger
$112.50, and $105 is $7.50, the cost of the number.
news channels. 112. d. According to the table, a pound in weight
104. c. Three tons = 6,000 pounds; 6,000 pounds ¥ makes a difference of $0.64, or $0.64 ÷ 16
16 ounces per pound = 96,000 ounces that = $0.04 per ounce over 4 pounds. Fruit that
can be carried by the truck. The total weight weighs 4 pounds 8 ounces will cost 8 ¥
of each daily ration is: 12 ounces + 18 0.04 or $0.32 more than fruit that weighs
ounces + 18 ounces = 48 ounces per soldier 4 pounds. Therefore, the cost is $1.10 +
per day; 96,000 ∏ 48 = 2,000; 2,000 ∏ 10 0.32 = $1.42.
days = 200 soldiers supplied.
105. c. Between 8:14 and 9:00, 46 minutes elapse, Set 8 (Page 13)
and between 9:00 and 9:12, 12 minutes 113. b. To fnd the answer, begin by adding the cost
elapse, so this becomes a simple addition of the two sale sweaters: $15 + $15 = $30.
problem: 46 + 12 = 58. Now subtract this amount from the total
106. d. Begin by multiplying to fnd out how many cost: $70 - $30 = $40 paid for the third
forms one clerk can process in a day: sweater.
26 forms ¥ 8 hours = 208 forms per day per 114. c. January is approximately $38,000; February
clerk. Now fnd the number of clerks is approximately $41,000; and April is
needed by dividing: 5,600 ∏ 208 = 26.9. approximately $26,000. These added
Since you can’t hire 0.9 of a clerk, you have together give a total of $105,000.
to hire 27 clerks for the day. 115. d. Because Linda pays with a debit card only if
10 . c. Take the total number of choices for each an item costs more than $30, the item Linda
item and multiply them together: 3 ¥ 5 ¥ 2 purchased with a debit card in this problem
= 30. must have cost more than $30. If an item
108. d. “Three times the number of apples Rachel costs more than $30, then it must cost more
has” is 3R. Two fewer than this is 3R – 2. than $25 (choice d), as well.
109. c. This is a multiplication problem: 84,720 116. d. This sequence is made up of two alternating
troops times 4 square yards of cloth per sets of numbers. The frst number is dou-
troop equals 338,880 square yards of cloth bled, giving the third number. The second
required. (If you chose choice a, you mistak- number has 4 subtracted from it, giving the
enly divided.) fourth number. Therefore, the blank space
will be 12 doubled, or 24.

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11 . d. Determine the amounts each person will 123. a. Since 4 and 6 are factors of 24, and 4 is a
spend by setting up the following equations:  = 4 ¥6 = 2 ¥ 6
perfect square, 24
First, S = $3 + $23 = $26. Now, B = ($1 ¥ 5) or 26.
+ ($2 ¥ 2) or $5 + $4 = $9. MR = $1 ¥ 2 = 124. d. Irrational numbers are nonrepeating,
$2; and D = $4 ¥ 1 = $4. Now, add: $9 + $2 nonterminating decimals. They also cannot
+ $4 = $15. Now subtract: $26 - $15 = $11. be written in fraction form without approx-
118. b. The total value of the supplies and instru- imating. Choice d has a pattern, but the
ments is found by adding the cost of each same exact pattern does not repeat each
item: 1,200 + (2 ¥ 350) + (3 ¥ 55) + 235 + time, making it irrational. Choice a is a
125 + 75 = 1,200 + 700 + 165 + 235 + 125 + repeating decimal, choice b is a fraction,
75. The total is $2,500. and choice c is a terminating decimal, so
119. c. Follow the order of operations and evaluate they are rational, not irrational.
the exponent frst. Since any nonzero num- 125. d. First, write the problem in columns:
ber raised to the zero power is equal to 1, 6 feet 5 inches
then 40 = 1. Now multiply 5(1) = 5 to get -5 feet 11 inches
the simplifed value. Now subtract, beginning with the right-
120. a. It is easiest to use trial and error to arrive at most column. Since you cannot subtract
the solution to this problem. Begin with 11 inches from 5 inches, you must borrow
choice a: After the frst hour, the number 1 foot from the 6 in the top left column,
would be 20; after the second hour, 40; after then convert it to inches and add: 1 foot =
the third hour, 80; after the fourth hour, 12 inches; 12 inches + 5 inches = 17 inches.
160; and after the ffth hour, 320. Fortu- The problem then becomes:
nately, in this case, you need go no further. 5 feet 17 inches
The other answer choices do not have the -5 feet 11 inches
same outcome. 6 inches
121. a. The unreduced ratio is 8,000:5,000,000; So the answer is choice d, 6 inches.
reduced, the ratio is 8:5,000. Now divide: 126. c. This is a problem of addition. You may sim-
5,000 ∏ 8 = 625, for a ratio of 1:625. plify the terms: M = F + 10; then substitute:
122. c. This is a three-step problem involving mul- M = 16 + 10, or 26.
tiplication, subtraction, and addition. First, 12 . c. 76 ∏ 19 = 4; the other division operations
fnd out how many fewer minutes George will not result in whole numbers.
jogged this week than usual: 5 hours ¥ 60
128. a. The mode of a set of numbers is the num-
minutes = 300 minutes - 40 minutes missed
ber that appears most often. Four appears in
= 260 minutes jogged. Now add back the
this set three times. Since it appears more
number of minutes George was able to
often than any other number in the list, 4 is
make up: 260 minutes + 20 + 13 minutes =
the mode.
293 minutes. Now subtract again: 300 min-
utes - 293 = 7 minutes jogging time lost.

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Set 9 (Page 15) 136. d. If four students are lining up, then there are
129. a. First, write the problem in vertical format: four choices of students for the frst spot in
2 years 8 months line, three choices for the second, two
–1 year 7 months choices for the third, and one choice for the
Subtract the months frst, then the years. fourth spot. Take the possible choices for
8 months - 7 months = 1 month; 2 years - each spot and multiply them together: 4 ¥ 3
1 year = 1 year. So, Brooke is 1 year 1 month ¥ 2 ¥ 1 = 24. This type of situation is called
older than Emilio. a permutation because the order matters.
130. b. First, simplify the problem: K = 5 ¥ 17 = 85, 13 . c. First, simplify the problem: L = $5 + $4 + $6
so Kara made 85 cents; R = 7 ¥ 14 = 98, so = $15; R = $14. Lucinda spent the most by
Rani made 98 cents, the higher amount of $1. Don’t forget that only the popcorn was
money; R - K = 98 - 85 = 13. Therefore, shared; the other items must be multiplied
Rani made 13 cents more than Kara. by two.
131. a. The train’s speed can be found using the 138. c. First, convert tons to pounds; 1 ton = 2,000
formula distance = rate ¥ time. From this we pounds; 36 tons (per year) = 72,000 pounds
distance
get the formula rate =  (per year); 1 year = 12 months, so the aver-
time , since we are
looking for the speed. By substituting, rate = age number of pounds of mosquitos the
300
6, which simplifes to 50. The speed is 50 colony of bats can consume in a month is:
miles per hour. 72,000 ∏ 12, or 6,000 pounds.
132. b. First, divide to determine the number of 139. a. In this question, 10 is the base and 4 is the
20-minute segments there are in 1 hour: exponent; 104 means 10 is used as a factor
60 ∏ 20 = 3. Now multiply that number by four times, or 10 ¥ 10 ¥10 ¥ 10.
the number of times Rita can circle the 140. c. This is a three-step problem involving mul-
block: 3 ¥ 5 = 15. tiplication and division. First, change yards
133. a. The symbol > means “greater than,” and the to feet: 240 yards ¥ 3 feet in a yard = 720
symbol < means “less than.” The only sen- feet. Now fnd the number of square feet in
tence that is correct is choice a: four feet is the parcel: 121 feet ¥ 720 feet = 87,120
greater than three feet. The other choices are square feet. Now fnd the number of acres:
false. 87,120 square feet ∏ 43,560 square feet in an
acre = 2 acres.
134. c. A prime number is a number that has
exactly two factors, 1 and itself. Each of the 141. a. This is a multiplication problem. A quarter
number choices has more than two factors section contains 160 acres, so you must
except 11, whose only factors are 1 and 11. multiply: 160 ¥ $1,850 = $296,000.
135. d. If Salwa (S) is 10 years older than Roland 142. c. This is a subtraction problem. First, simplify
(R), then S is equal to R + 10. Therefore, the the problem by temporarily dropping the
equation is S = R + 10. word million. The problem then becomes
P = 3,666 and M = 36. So P - M = 3,666 -
36 = 3,630. Now add the word million back,
and the answer becomes 3,630 million.
143. b. (860 feet ¥ 560 feet) ∏ 43,560 square feet per
acre = 11.06 acres

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144. b. 30 men ¥ 42 square feet = 1,260 square feet 149. a. To reduce a square root, fnd any factors
of space; 1,260 square feet ∏ 35 men = that are also perfect squares. In this case,
36 square feet; 42 - 36 = 6, so each man 4 ¥ 5 = 20, and 4 is a perfect square. Since
will have 6 fewer square feet of space. 4 = 2, then 20  = 4 ¥ 5 = 25.
150. c. In order for a number to be divisible by six,
Set 10 (Page 17) it must be able to be divided by six without
145. d. First, fnd the number of degrees that the a remainder. A shortcut to check divisibility
temperature will increase; 57° – 53° = 4°. by six is to see if the number is divisible by
Since the temperature increases 1° every two both two and three. Since the 546 is even
hours, 4° ¥ 2 hours is 8 hours. Add eight (because it ends in 6), the number is divisi-
hours to 5 A.M. It will be one o’clock in the ble by two. Since the sum of the digits is
afternoon. 5 + 4 + 6 = 15 and 15 is divisible by three,
146. b. In a fractional exponent, the numerator 546 is also divisible by three. Since 546 is
(number on top) is the power, and the divisible by both two and three, it is also
denominator (number on the bottom) is divisible by six.
the root. Since 2 is the denominator, take 151. c. Take the words in order and substitute the
the square root of 16. Since 4 ¥ 4 = 16, 4 is letters and numbers. Patricia has (P =), four
the square root of 16. Then the numerator times (4 ¥) the number of marbles Sean has
(power) is 1, so 41 = 4. (S). The statement becomes P = 4 ¥ S,
14 . c. The median of a group of numbers is found which is equal to P = 4S.
by arranging the numbers in ascending or 152. c. The correct answer is 10,447. It helps, if you
descending order, and then fnding the are in a place where you can do so, to read
number in the middle of the set. First, the answer aloud; that way, you will likely
arrange the numbers in ascending order: catch any mistake. When writing numbers
12, 14, 14, 16, 20, 22. Since there is an with four or more digits, begin at the right
even number of numbers in the list, fnd the and separate the digits into groups of threes
average of the two numbers that share the with commas.
middle. In this case, the numbers in the 153. c. The correct answer is 10,043,703. The mil-
middle are 14 and 16, and the average of lions place is the third group of numbers
them is 15. from the right. If any group of digits except
148. b. When you are performing addition or sub- the frst has fewer than three digits, you
traction with roots, the terms can be com- must add a zero at the beginning of that
bined only if the radicands (numbers under group.
the square root symbols) are the same. In
this case, the radicands are both 2. Subtract
the whole numbers in front of the square
roots and keep the 2 . 16 – 4 = 12, so the
fnal answer is 122.

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154. c. This is a multistep problem. First, fgure out Section 2—Fractions

how many dozen eggs John’s chickens pro-
duce per day: 480 ∏ 12 = 40 dozen eggs per Set 11 (Page 22)
day. Now fgure out how much money John 161. b. Two of the four sections are shaded, so 24 of
makes on eggs per day: $2 ¥ 40 = $80 per the fgure is shaded. Reduced, the answer
day. Finally, fgure out how much money is 12 .
John makes per week: $80 ¥ 7 = $560 per
162. b. Since there are three sections shaded out of
week. A common mistake to make when
a total of fve sections, the part shaded is 35 .
solving this problem is to forget to do the
163. c. To reduce a fraction to lowest terms, fnd
last step. It is important to read each prob-
the greatest common factor of the numera-
lem carefully, so you won’t skip a step.
tor and denominator. Then, divide both by
155. d. When evaluating a negative exponent, take this number. The greatest common factor of
the reciprocal of the base evaluated with a 42 and 56 is 14. Therefore, the correct
positive exponent. In other words, since answer is 34 .
52 = 25, then 5–2 equals the reciprocal of 25, 164. d. Although there are other factors that 54 and
1
or 
25 . 108 share, dividing both by the greatest
156. c. The vertical bars on either side of the common factor, 54, will result in the lowest
expression tell you to fnd the absolute value terms in one step. The correct answer is 12 .
of 4 – 15. To complete the question, fnd 165. c. To add or subtract fractions, it is necessary
4 – 15 to get –11. Then fnd the absolute for the fractions to share a common
value (the distance the number is away from denominator. These two fractions have a
zero on a number line) of –11, which is 11. common denominator of 9. Therefore, sim-
15 . d. The production for Lubbock is equal to the ply subtract the numerators and keep the
total minus the other productions: 1,780 - denominator. The result is 39 , but in the
450 - 425 - 345 = 560. answer choices it is expressed in lowest
158. b. The number 54 divided by 6 is 9. terms, 13 .
159. a. The mean is equal to the sum of values 166. c. First, fnd the least common denominator—
divided by the number of values. Therefore, that is, convert all three fractions to six-
4 3 14 21
8 raptors per day ¥ 5 days = 40 raptors. teenths, and then add:  16 + 
16 + 
16 = 
16 .
5
The sum of the other six days is 34 raptors; Now reduce:1 16 .
40 raptors - 34 raptors = 6 raptors. 16 . d. To add mixed numbers, make sure the frac-
160. c. The speed of the train, obtained from the tions have a common denominator. Then,
table, is 60 miles per hour. Therefore, the add the numerators and keep the denomi-
distance from Chicago would be equal to nator: 13 + 13 = 23 . Then add the whole num-
60t. However, as the train moves on, the bers: 5 + 7 + 2 = 14. Combine these results
distance from Los Angeles decreases, so to reach a fnal sum of 1423.
the term -60t must appear in the distance
expression. At time t = 0, the distance is
2,000 miles, so the function is D(t) =
2,000 - 60t.

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168. a. Because the fractions have a common 1 6. a. Because you are adding numbers that do
denominator, subtract the numerators and not have the same sign, subtract the fraction
7
keep the denominator to get  13 . Then sub- with the smaller absolute value from the
tract the whole numbers to get 3. Combine fraction with the larger absolute value to
7
the results for a fnal difference of 3 13 . fnd the result. There is already a common
169. b. When multiplying fractions, multiply the denominator of 5, so frst subtract the frac-
numerators by each other: 1 ¥4 = 4. Then, tional parts: 35 – 25 = 51 . Next, subtract the
multiply the denominators by each other: whole numbers: 4 – 1 = 3. Therefore, the
5 ¥7 = 35. The correct answer is  4
35 . solution is 315 .
1 0. a. Before subtracting, you must convert both
36 - 36 = 36 .
15 14 1
fractions to thirty-sixths:    Set 12 (Page 23)
1 1. c. First, fnd a common denominator for the 1 . b. To solve the problem you must frst convert
21 - 21 = 21 .
14 12 2 1 3 3 5 8
fractions (21) and subtract:    
6 , and then add 76 6 + 11 6 = 87 6 =
2 to    
Then subtract the whole numbers: 78 - 10 8862. The correct sum is 8813 .
2
= 68. Combine for an answer of 68 21 . 1 8. c. First, subtract the whole numbers:
1 2. d. When dividing fractions, multiply the frst
35 - 20 = 15. Because the fractions have a
fraction by the reciprocal of the divisor:
common denominator, simply subtract the
12 ) ¥ (– 1 ) = 12 . Then, convert to a mixed
5 6 30
(– __  __
numerators and keep the denominator:
number: 221 . The negatives cancel each other
 -  = . Combine the whole number and
7 2 5
9 9 9
out, so the answer is positive.
fraction for the difference of 1559.
1 3. b. First, change any whole numbers or mixed
1 9. c. First, fnd the least common denominator
numbers to improper fractions: 40 becomes
40 1 5 of the fractions, which is 9, and then add
 and 2 becomes . To divide fractions,
1 2 2 the fractions: 69 + 39 = 99 or 1. Now add the
multiply by the reciprocal of the number
whole numbers: 43 + 36 = 79. Now add the
being divided by. Therefore, the expression
results of the two equations: 1 + 79 = 80.
1 ¥ 5 . By cross-canceling com-
40 2
becomes  
180. d. The lowest common denominator is 21:
mon factors, this becomes 81 ¥ 21 , which is
 - = .
12 7 5
equal to 16
1 or 16.
 21 21 21
20
181. d. The lowest common denominator is 24: 
1 4. d. 13 ÷ _2
7
= 13 ¥ 27 = 67 The correct answer is 161 . 9 29
24
5
24 . Convert to a mixed number: 1 24 .
+ 24 =  
1 5. b. In order to subtract fractions, you must frst 182. b. The product when multiplying a number
fnd the least common denominator, which times its reciprocal is always 1.
in this case is 40. The equation is then 183. d. Because dividing two negatives results in a
 -  = .
35 24 11
40 40 40 positive, the only possible answers are
choices b and c. (– 61 ) ¥ (– __
12 12
__
1 ) = 6 = 2.
184. b. Convert the mixed number to an improper
fraction (that is, for each fraction, multiply
the whole number by the denominator of
the fraction, then add the numerator) and
5 ¥ 9 = 45 . Convert back to a
38 4 152
multiply:   
mixed number: 31457.

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185. d. First, convert 2 to a fraction. Then, invert Set 13 (Page 24)

and multiply: 26 ¥ 12 = 
2
12 . Reduce to lowest 193. a. To multiply a whole number by a fraction,
terms: 61 . change the whole number to a fraction by
186. b. First, convert the mixed numbers to putting it over 1: 81 ¥ 51 = 85 . Change the
improper fractions: 241 = 49 and 247 = 18
7 . The improper fraction to a mixed number: 135 .
quotient then becomes 4 ∏ 
9 18
7 . Now invert 194. c. To multiply a whole number by a fraction,
the second fraction and multiply the change the whole number to a fraction by
numerators and the denominators: 94 ¥  7
18 putting it over 1: 17 ¥ 52 = __
14
5 . Now, change the
63 7
= 
72 . Reduced, the answer becomes 8 . (If
 improper fraction to a mixed number: 254 .
you performed a multiplication operation 195. d. Convert the mixed number to an improper
instead of a division one, you got wrong fraction. Then invert it because it is the divi-
answer choice d.) sor. Multiply: 16 ¥ 
8 8
37 = 222 . Reduce the frac-

10 4
18 . c. Multiply across: 
216 . Then reduce to lowest tion to lowest terms:  111 .
5
7 ÷ 8 = 7 ¥ 1 = 7 = 28 7 .
25 1 25 8 200 4
108 .
terms to get the answer:  196. a. __  __  ___ 

188. a. Convert the mixed numbers into improper 19 . a. First, change each mixed number into an
fractions: 112 = 32 , and 113
5 18
 = . Now invert
13 improper fraction: 112 = 23 and 241 = 49 . The
the second fraction and multiply: 32 ¥  13
18 problem becomes 32 ∏ 94 . To divide fractions,
39 3 1
= 
36 o r 1 . Now reduce: 1. (A common
36 12 multiply by the reciprocal of the number
error, multiplying fractions instead of divid- being divided by: 32 ¥ 49 = 
12 2
18 = 3 .

ing, is shown in choice c.) 198. a. First, change each of the mixed numbers
189. d. Properly converting the mixed numbers into improper fractions. The expression
into improper fractions is the frst step in becomes 73 ¥ 
2 ¥ 
11 3
11 . Cross cancel the fac-
fnding the answer. Thus, 37 ¥ 
14 ¥ 5 = 210 =
15 9 945
  tors of 3 and 11. Multiply across to get 72,
412 . which is equal to 312 .
3 ÷ 3 = 3 ¥ 1 = 1 = 20.
20 1 20 3 20
190. c. First, change 214 to an improper fraction: 199. b. __  __  __

214 = 94 . Next, in order to divide by 23 , invert 200. c. 2

¥ 46
__ = 92
__ 11
= 3 __
27 .

3 9 27
that fraction to 32 and multiply: 49 ¥ 23 =  27
8 201. d. Because both fractions have the same sign
3
= 38 . and there is a common denominator, the
191. c. Invert the divisor and multiply: 47 ¥17 8 = 

68
56 . 14
fractions can be added. The result is – 
7,
Then, reduce and change to a mixed num- which reduces to –2.
12 3
ber: 156  = 1.
202. a. 34 ¥ __
16 48
__ 4
15 = 60 = 5 .
14 
192. c. Compute the product within the
203. a. 5 ÷ 85 = 15 ÷ 85 = 15 ¥ 58 = 18 = 8.
parentheses frst: – 58 ¥ __ 4 20
___
15 = – 120 = – 6
1


Next, compute – 16 ÷ (–113 ). To do so, convert 204. c. The least common denominator for the two
fractions is 18. Ignore the whole number 6
the mixed number into an improper frac-
for a moment, and subtract the fractions:
tion, namely – 34 . Then, convert the division
 -  = . Now put back the 6 to fnd the
4 3 1
18 18 18
problem into a multiplication problem by 1
correct answer: 618 . (If you got answer
multiplying by the reciprocal: choice a, you subtracted both the numera-
– 16 ÷ (– 34 ) = – 61 ¥ (– 43 ) = __
3
24
= 81 . tors and the denominators.)

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205. c. The least common denominator of the two 214. c. Convert the mixed number to an improper
fractions is 35. Ignore the whole numbers fraction: 435 = 
23 5
23 .
5 . Then, invert to get 
for the moment. 37 + 52 = __
15 14
__ 29
__
35 + 35 = 35 215. d. Divide the top number by the bottom
Now, add the whole numbers: 9 + 4 = 13. number: 160 ∏ 40 = 4.
29
Combine the results for the fnal sum: 13 __35 . 216. b. Divide the numerator by the denominator,
206. a. 23
__
6 ¥ 14
__
3 = 322
___
18 = 16
17 __
18 = 1798 . and this number becomes the whole num-
20 . a. Convert the mixed numbers into improper ber of the mixed number. The remainder, if
fractions: (– 23 ) ¥ (– 37 ) ¥ (– __
13 any, becomes the numerator of the fraction
4 ).
Now, cross cancel the 3s and note that there of the mixed number. So, 31 ∏ 3 = 10
is an odd number of negative signs, so the remainder 1. Therefore, the equivalent
product will be negative. Multiply mixed number is 1013 .
91 3 21 . a. Multiply the whole number by the fraction’s
across: – __
8 = –11 8 .

denominator: 5 ¥ 2 = 10. Add the fraction’s
208. a. Compute the quantity within the parenthe-
numerator to the answer: 1 + 10 = 11.
5 ÷ 5 = – 5 ¥ 5 = – 25 .
ses frst: –515 ÷ 5 = – __
26 26
__ 1 26
__

Now place that answer over the fraction’s
25 ¥ (1 5 )
Now, multiply this times 115 : – __
26 1

denominator: 11
2.
25 ¥ 5 = – 125 = –1125 .
26 6 156 31
= – __  ___ ___
218. b. The frst step is to convert each fraction to
the least common denominator, which is 20.
Set 14 (Page 26)
The problem becomes 12 5
20 – 20 . Subtract to
 
209. b. 18
__ ¥ 22 = 36
__
90 . 7
get 
20 .
45
210. a. To solve this problem, it is easiest to frst 219. b. In an improper fraction, the top number is
convert all the fractions to the least com- 66
greater than the bottom number, so 
19 is the
mon denominator, which is 24: 78 =  21
24 ; correct answer.
3 18 2 16 5 20
 = ;  = ;  = . The fraction with the 35
4 24 3 24 6 24 220. d. Mario has fnished 
21 45 of his test, which
largest numerator,  24 , has the greatest value. reduces to 9 , so he has 92 of the test to go.
7
211. b. Convert each fraction to the least common
221. a. First, fnd the least common denominator
denominator of 30: 35 = 
18 8 16 17
30 ; 15 = 30 ; 30
  
of the two fractions, which is 6. Then add
already has a denominator of 30; 23 = 20
30 . the fractions of the sandwich Joe got rid of:
The fraction with the smallest numerator 3 2
16 8  (which he gave to Ed) +  (which he ate)
6 6
30 , which is equivalent to 15 .
is  
= 56 . Now subtract the fraction from one
212. d. To solve the problem, you must frst fnd the whole sandwich (1 = 66 ): 66 – 56 = 61 .
least common denominator, in this
222. c. The total width of the three windows is 105
instance, 60. Then the fractions must be
17 51 3 45 5 50 7 inches: 105 ¥ 212 = 1 ¥ 2 = 2 = 262
105 5 525 1
2.
converted:  20 = 60 ; 4 = 60 ; 6 = 60 ; and 10 =
     
42
. The fraction with the smallest numera-
223. a. Since Katie and her family ate 34 of the pizza
60
7 for dinner, 14 of it was left over. Katie ate 12 of
tor is __
10 . Since they all have the same
 for lunch the next day:  ¥  = .
1 1 1 1
denominator, this fraction is the smallest 4 2 4 8

diameter. 224. c. To subtract fractions, frst convert to a

common denominator; in this case, 58 – 35 =
213. c. Convert the mixed number 378 to the
40 - 40 = 
25 24 1
improper fraction 31
 40 .
8 and then invert to

8
get 31 .
 

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Set 15 (Page 27) 236. c. To fnd her hourly wage, divide the total
225. c. To fnd out how many dozen cookies Hans salary by the number of hours worked; this
is 331.01 ÷ 3912 = 331.01 ÷ __
79 _____ ¥ __
331.01 2
can make, divide 512 by 23 . First, convert 512 2 = 1 79
11 3 662.02
_____
to 
2 , and then multiply by  2 , which is the
= 79 = $8.38.
same as dividing by 3 : 2 ¥ 2 = 
2 11
 
3

33 1
4 , or 8 4
 23 . d. First, fnd how much of the cookie was
dozen. eaten by adding the two fractions. After
226. c. Add the fractions and subtract the total converting to the least common denomina-
9 7 16
from 2. The least common denominator is 21 + 21 = 21 . This
tor, the amount eaten is   
12 3 16 5
24, so the fractions become  24 + 24 + 24 ,
  means 21 of the cookie is left.
31
which sums to  24 . Two pounds is equal 238. b. When subtracting mixed fractions, subtract
48 48 31 17
to 24 , so 24 – 24 = 
   
24 . the fractions frst. Since 8 contains no frac-
22 . a. To multiply mixed numbers, convert to im- tions, convert it to 788 , and then subtract:
8 - 
8 5 3
proper fractions: 54 ¥ 
11 55 23
8 = 32 , or 1 32 square
   8 = 
8 . Then subtract the whole numbers:
inches. in this case, 7 - 6 = 1 (remember, 8 was con-
228. a. Divide 612 pounds by eight people; 612 ∏ 8 verted to 788 ). Add the results: 183.
13 8
2 ∏1 . To divide fractions, multiply
equals  239. b. 35 of 360 is computed as 53 ¥ 
360 1,080
1 = 5 = 216.
by the reciprocal of the fraction being 240. c. The least common denominator of the frac-
2 ¥ 
13 1 13
divided by:  8 = 
16 . tions is 20. When added together, the frac-
54
229. c. It is 36 linear feet around the perimeter of tion part of each mixed number adds to  20
14 7
the room (9 ¥ 4): 36 – 1734 = ___
144 71
__
4 – 4 = 4
73
__ = 2
20 , which reduces to 2 10 . The sum of the

1 7 7
= 184 . whole numbers is 36: 2 10 + 36 = 38 10 .


230. c. Mixed numbers must be converted to frac-

tions, and you must use the least common Set 16 (Page 29)
denominator of 8: 94 + 37 1 18 37 4
8 + 2= 8 + 8 + 8
    241. b. The total number of items ordered was 36;
59 3
= 8 , which equals 7 8 .
 the total number of items received is 23.
231. c. Since 28 of the 35 slices have been eaten, Therefore, Meryl has received 23 of 36 items
there are 35 - 28 = 7 slices left. This means or 23 23
36 ; 36 cannot be reduced.
 
7 1
35 , or 
 5 of the loaf is left.
242. a. To multiply fractions, convert to improper
fractions: 7.75 = 734 =  5 . So, 4 ¥
31 1 191 31
232. b. The common denominator is 24; 73 7
– =

8 4 ; 38 5 = 

191 5,921
 -  =  or 1.
56 21 35 11 5 = 
24 24 24 24
20 or $296.05.
233. c. Convert both the cost and the length to 243. b. 13 of 312 is expressed as 13 ¥ 312, or 13 ¥ 72 = 76
fractions: 34 ¥ 
22 66 1 or 161 .
3 = 12 or 5 2 , which is $5.50.
 

234. d. The total number of pages assigned is 80; 244. b. To divide 2013 by 112 , frst convert both
61
 ¥ 80 =  or 13.
1 80 1 mixed numbers to improper fractions, or 
6 6 3 3
235. c. To subtract, convert to improper fractions, divided by 32 . To divide, invert the second
fraction and multiply: 61 3 ¥ 
2 122
fnd a common denominator, and subtract 3 = 
9 = 13.55,
or approximately 1312 recipes.
2 - 3 = 6 - 6 = 6
the numerators: 11 10 33 20 13
    
or 261 . 245. c. There are two glasses out of eight left to
drink, or 28, which reduces to 41.

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246. c. There will be 100 questions on the test. 259. d. To determine 14 of 513 , multiply 14 and 513 .
25 5
Wendy has completed 25 of 40, or 40 = 8 of
 Change the mixed number to an improper
the test. fraction: 14 ¥
16 16 4 1
3 = 12 = 3 = 1 3 .
  

24 . c. To determine the necessary number of gal- 260. a. This is a subtraction of mixed numbers
lons, divide the number of miles by the problem. The common denominator is 8.
miles per gallon: 5812 ÷ 1413 = ___
117 43
__
2 ÷ 3 Convert 12 to 48 . Because 84 is larger than 18 ,
= _1__
17
¥ _3_ = _3__
51 7
= 4 __ you must borrow from the whole number
2 43 86 86 .
18 23. Then subtract: 2298 - 648 = 1658 .
248. b. Felicia still needs 18 squares, or  , which
168
can be reduced to  3 261. a. This is a subtraction problem. First, fnd the
28 .
lowest common denominator, which is 12:
249. b. 1412 ¥ 1231 = 
2 ¥ 
29 37 1,073
3 = 6 or 178.83 square
 =  and  = . Then subtract:  - 
3 9 2 8 9 8
feet. Two gallons of paint will cover 180 4 12 3 12 12 12
1
= 
12 .
square feet.
262. a. To solve this problem, you must frst con-
250. c. The amount of meat loaf left is 25 - (25)(14 ) =
 - . After you fnd the least common
2 2 vert yards to inches. There are 36 inches in
5 20
one yard: 36 ¥ 313 = 
1 ¥ 3 = 3 = 120.
36 10 360
 
20 - 20 =
8 2
denominator (20), this becomes  
6 3
, which reduces to . 263. b. This is a subtraction of fractions problem.
20 10
16 4 The common denominator is 8. Convert
251. b. Millie has visited 
52 , or 13 , of the galleries.

35 2214 to 2228 . Because 58 is larger than 82 , you
252. c. First, convert $12.35 to a fraction (12
100 ), must borrow. Then, subtract: 2110 8 - 17 8
5
 
and then convert it to an improper fraction
1,235 247 3 = 458 .
() and reduce to ;  of the workweek
100 20 4
264. c. This is a subtraction problem with mixed
is 30 hours. To multiply a whole number by
numbers. First, fnd the lowest common
a fraction, convert the whole number to a
denominator, which is 15: 45 = 
12
15 and
1 : 20 ¥ 1 = 20 or 370 2 or
30 247 30 7,410 1
fraction,     
 = . Then subtract: 20 - 3 = 17.
1 5 12 5 7
$370.50. 3 15 15 15 15
265. d. First you must add the two fractions to
253. b. 12 of 14 is expressed as 21 ¥ 41 or 81.
determine what fraction of the total number
254. d. 14 ¥ 2 is expressed as 41 ¥ 12 = 42, or
1 of buses was in for maintenance and repair.
2 teaspoon.
The common denominator for 16 and 18 is
255. a. The total area of the lawn is 810 square 24, so 16 + 18 = 24
4 3 7
 +  = . Next, divide 28
24 24
yards (30 ¥ 27). There is 13 of the yard left to by 24: 28 ∏  24 = 1 ¥ 7 = 7 = 96.
7 7 28 24 672
  
mow: 13 ¥ 
810 810
1 = 3 or 270.

266. d. Mixed numbers must be converted to frac-
256. b. The fraction of program time devoted to tions, and you must use the least common
6 1
30 , or 5 .
commercials is  
denominator of 8: 18 37 4 59
8 + 8 + 8 = 8 , which is
   
738 after it is changed to a mixed number.
Set 17 (Page 31)
26 . b. This is a problem involving addition of
25 . c. The dog lost 15 of 150 pounds. So, it mixed numbers. First, fnd the common
15 1
lost ___ __
150 = 10 of its original weight. denominator, which is 6. Convert the frac-
258. c. To determine the average number of bags tions and add: 26 + 65 + 64 = 
11
6 . Next, reduce
she packed each minute, divide the total 11 5
the fraction:  6 = 1 
6 . Finally, add the whole
bags by the total minutes, or 1512 divided by numbers and the mixed number: 2 + 1 +
31 3 31 1
3, or 
2 divided by 1 , or 2 times 3 , which is
   2 + 156 = 656 .
31 1
equal to 6 or 5 6 bags per minute.


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268. b. Solve this problem with the following equa- 2 6. d. This is a division problem. First, change the
tion: 3712 hours - 2614 hours = 1114 hours. mixed number to a fraction: 312 = 72 . Then,
 ÷  =  ¥  = __ = 28.
7 1 7 8 56
269. a. Solve this problem with the following equa- 2 8 2 1 2
tion: 12 + 21 + (5 ¥ 41) = 1 + 141 = 241 miles. 2 . b. This is a multiplication problem with frac-
6
2 0. d. This is an addition problem with fractions. tions. Six minutes is  60 of an hour, which is
1 1 5
Use the least common denominator of 24: reduced to  10 ; 2 2 = 2 . Next, multiply:
 
 ¥  = .
1 5 1
113 + 18 = 1 __
8
24
3
+ __
24
11
= 1 __
24
cups. 10 2 4
2 1. b. This is an addition problem with mixed 2 8. d. First, convert 212 hours to minutes by multi-
numbers. First, add the fractions by fnding plying 212 ¥ 60 to get 150 minutes. Then
the lowest common denominator; in this divide the answer by 50, which is the num-
15
case, it is 40:  12
40 + 
40 + 
8 35
40 = 40. Next, reduce
ber of questions: 150 ∏ 50 = 3.
the fraction: 35 7
40 = 8. Then add the whole 2 9. b. Use 35 for C: F = (95 ¥ 35) + 32. Therefore,
numbers: 7 + 6 + 5 = 18. Finally, add the F = 63 + 32 = 95.
results: 18 + 78 = 1878 . 10
280. b. 
45 of the cylinder is full. By dividing both
2 2. d. This is an addition problem. To add mixed the numerator and the denominator by 5,
numbers, frst add the fractions. To do this, you can reduce the fraction to 29 .
fnd the lowest common denominator; in 281. c. Solving this problem requires that we fnd
this case, it is 20: 34 = 15 3 12
20 and 5 = 20 . Now
   the circumference of the spool by multiply-
15 12 27 27 7 22 1 7
add: 
20 + 20 = 20 . Next, reduce: 20 = 1
  
20 . 7 by 3 2 ( 2 ). Divide the total (11) into
ing   
Finally, add the whole numbers to get the 53. The answer is about 4.8, so the hose will
7 7
result: 16 + 2 + 120  = 19.
20 wrap completely around only 4 times.
282. a. Convert Fahrenheit temperature to Celsius
Set 18 (Page 33) temperature using the given formula. Use F
2 3. a. In this problem, you must fnd the fraction. = 113: C = 59(113 – 32) = 59 (81) = 45.
Paula has completed 15 of the 25 minutes, 283. b. To solve this problem, fnd the fraction of
15 15 3
or 
25 . Reduce the fraction: 25 = 5 .

water missing from each tank (31 from Tank
2 4. c. This is a multiplication problem. To multi- A, 35 from Tank B), and then multiply by the
ply a whole number by a mixed number, number of gallons each tank holds when
frst convert the mixed number to a frac- full (555 for Tank A; 680 for Tank B):
tion: 125 = 75 . Then, multiply: 75 ¥ 13 = 
21
5. 3 ¥ 555 = 185 for Tank A; 5 ¥ 680 = 408
1

3
21 1
Now reduce:  5 = 4.
5 for Tank B. Now add the number of gallons
2 5. c. This is a division problem with mixed num- missing from both tanks to get the number
bers. First, convert the mixed numbers to of gallons needed to fll them: 185 + 408
fractions: 3312 = 
67 1
 
21
2 and 5 4 = 4 . Next, invert = 593.
2 ¥ 
67 4
the second fraction and multiply:  21
134 134
= 21. Reduce to a mixed number: 21 =
8
21 . With this result, you know that only six
6
glasses can be completely flled.

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284. c. This is a multistep problem. First, determine 292. c. This is a multiplication problem involving a
how many pieces of pizza have been eaten. whole number and a mixed number. There
Eight pieces (89 ) of the frst pizza have been are 16 ounces in one pound, so you must
eaten; 6 pieces (69) of the second pizza have multiply 16 ¥ 912 . Change the whole number
been eaten; 7 pieces (79 ) of the third pizza and the mixed number into fractions and
1 ¥ 
16 19 304 304
have been eaten. Next, add the eaten pieces; multiply:  2 =  2 . Then convert: 
2 =
8 + 6 + 7 = 21. Since there are 27 pieces of 152 ounces.
6
pizza in all, 6 pieces are left, or 
27 . Reduce 293. c. In this problem you must fnd the fraction:
6 2 7,500
the fraction: 
27 = 9 .

25,000 . Next, reduce the fraction. The easiest

285. c. First, convert the total time to minutes: 105 way to reduce is to frst eliminate zeros in
minutes. Then multiply by 4: 420 minutes. the numerator and the denominator:
7,500 75
Then, convert the answer back to hours by 25,000 = 

250 . Then, further reduce the frac-

75 3
dividing by 60 minutes to arrive at the fnal 250 = 10 .
tion:  
answer of 7 hours. Or, you could multiply 294. d. If two of fve cars are foreign, three of fve
134 hours by 4 to arrive at the same answer. are domestic: 35 ¥ 60 cars = 36 cars.
286. a. In this problem, you must multiply a frac- 295. b. Multiply the fractions: 114 ¥ 221 = 45 ¥ 52 = 25
__
8
tion by a whole number: 56 ¥ 15 = 25
6 . Con- = 381 cups.
25 1
vert to a mixed number: 6 = 4 6 .
    150
296. c. If 150 of the 350 seats are flled, then 
350
28 . b. This is a two-step problem involving both represents the part of the auditorium that is
addition and division. First, add the two full. Divide each by the greatest common
mixed numbers to fnd how many ounces of factor of 50 to reduce to 37 .
jelly beans there are in all: 1014 + 981 = 1938 . 29 . b. Use the formula beginning with the opera-
Convert the result to an improper fraction: tion in parentheses: 98 - 32 = 66. Then
1938 = 
155
8 . Next, to divide by 5, invert the multiply 66 by 59 , frst multiplying 66 by 5 to
8 ¥ 5 = 8.
155 1 31
whole number and multiply:   
get 330; 330 ∏ 9 = 36.67, which is rounded
31 7
Convert to a mixed number:  8 = 38.

up to 36.7.
288. a. If half the students are female, then you 298. c. Substitute C = 30 into the formula pro-
would expect half of the out-of-state students vided: F = 95 (30) + 32; F = 54 + 32; F = 86.
12 equals 2 ¥ 12 ,
1 1 1
to be female. One half of   
1 299. d. This is a multiplication of fractions prob-
or 
24 . lem: 13 ¥ ____
$210
1 = $70.
300. d. This is a two-step problem involving multi-
Set 19 (Page 35)
plication and subtraction. First, determine
289. b. There are 60 minutes in one hour. Multiply
the amount of sand contained in the four
60 ¥ 716 = 
1 ¥ 6 = 430 minutes.
60 43

trucks: 34 ¥ 41 = 
12 12
4 . Reduce: 4 = 3 tons.

290. b. To solve this problem, you must convert 312 Then subtract: 3 - 256 = 61 . There is 16 ton
to 72 and then divide 72 by 14 . The answer, 28
2,

more sand than is needed.
is then reduced to 14.
291. c. The simplest way to add these three num-
bers is frst to add the whole numbers, and
then add the fractions: 3 + 2 + 4 = 9. Then,
1 3 2 3 5 1 1
4 = 4 + 4 = 4 , or 1 4 . Then, 9 + 1 4 =
2 +      
1041.

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301. c. To solve the problem, you must frst fnd the 310. c. This is a multiplication with mixed num-
common denominator, in this instance, 24. bers problem. First, change both mixed
Then the fractions must be converted: numbers to fractions: 314 = 
13 2 5
4 ; 13 = 
3.
1
8 = 

3 1
24 ; 
4 3
6 = 
24 ; 
18
4 = 
24 . Add the values for Next, multiply the fractions: 4 ¥ 3 = 
13 5 65
12 .
3 4
frst and second layers together:  24 + 24
 Finally, change the result to a mixed num-
7 65 5
= 
24 ; then, subtract the sum from the total ber: 
12 = 5 12 .


24 ): 24 - 24 = 24 inch.
18 18 7 11
thickness (    311. b. This is a division problem. First, change the
2
302. c. The recipe for 16 brownies calls for cup 
3 mixed number to a fraction: 118 = 98 .
butter. An additional 13 cup would make 8 8 ¥ 3 = 8.
9 9 1 3
8 ÷ 3 = 
  
more brownies, for a total of 24 brownies. 312. b. This is a basic addition problem: For Iris to
303. b. The recipe is for 16 brownies. Half of that, get to Raoul’s house, she must go 25 miles
8, would reduce the ingredients by half. Half west to the Sunnydale Mall, then on west
of 112 cups of sugar is 34 cup. 3
 miles to the QuikMart, and then on
2
9 5 3 9 17
304. b. In this problem you must fnd the fraction:  miles to Raoul’s house. So, 
2 + 
2 + 
2 = 
2 2
6 4
 of the cake has been eaten, so  of the
10 10
= 812 miles.
4 2
cake is left. Now reduce the fraction: 
10 = 5 .
 313. c. To fnd the area of the foor in square feet,
multiply the length by the width: 934 ¥ 831 .
Set 20 (Page 37) To multiply mixed numbers, frst convert
4 ¥ 3 = 12 or
to improper fractions: 39 25 975
305. a. Rounding to close numbers helps. The pro-   
1
98,000 is approximately 100,000 ∏
portion _______ 814 square feet.
490,000
314. b. There are 12 inches in one foot. Change the
500,000 = 15 .
mixed number to an improper fraction: 29 .
306. a. Yellow beans + orange beans = 12. There are
12 2 Now multiply: 29 ¥ 12 = 54 inches.
30 total beans; 
30 is reduced to 5 .

315. a. First, change the mixed numbers to
30 . c. In this problem, you must multiply a mixed
improper fractions: 712 = 
15 1 17
2 and 4 4 = 4 .
 
number by a whole number. First, rewrite
2 -  4 - 
15 17 30 17 13
Now subtract:  4 =  4 = 4 =
the whole number as an improper fraction:
314 days.
5 = 51. Then rewrite the mixed number as a
316. c. First, fnd the least common denominator
2 . Then multiply: 1 ¥ 2 =
fraction: 612 = 
13 5 13
 
65 of the fractions, which is 6. Then add:
2 . Finally, convert back to a mixed number:

65 1 926 + 865 = 1767 , or 1861 .
2 = 32
 2.
31 . d. First, add the weight of Ralph’s triplets:
308. c. This is a division of fractions problem. First,
438 + 356 + 478 , or (after fnding the least
change the whole number to a fraction: 6 = 9 20 21
6
. Then invert the second fraction and mul-
common denominator) 4 24 + 3 24 + 4 24
 
1 50 2 1
= 11 24 , or 13 24 , or 13 12 . Now fnd the
tiply: 61 ÷ 41 = 61 ¥ 41 = 24.
weight of Harvey’s twins: 726 + 9 3
10 , or
309. d. In this problem, you must multiply a frac-
(after fnding the least common denomina-
tion by a whole number. First, rewrite the 10 9 19
tor) 7 30 + 930 = 16 30 . Now subtract:
whole number as a fraction: 8 = 81 . Next,
30 - 13 12 = 16 60 - 13 60 = 3 60 = 3 20 .
19 1 38 5 33 11
16     
multiply: 81 ¥ 54 = 
32
5 . Finally, convert to a
32 2 So Harvey’s twins outweigh Ralph’s triplets
mixed number:  5 = 65.

by 31120 pounds.

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318. d. If she uses 38 of a pound, then 85 of a pound 326. b. 195.6 ∏ 7.2 yields a repeating decimal,
is left. The question asks for the number 27.1666666 . . . , which, rounded up to the
of ounces left, so convert one pound to nearest hundredth, is 27.17.
16 ounces. Then fnd 58 of 16 ounces by 32 . c. The other answers were subtracted without
multiplying: 58 ¥ 16 = 10 ounces. aligning the decimal point correctly. The
319. a. To fnd the fraction, compare the down pay- correct placement of the decimal point is
630 510.8.
ment with the total cost of the car: 
 
6,300
1 328. b. Multiply the numbers, momentarily ignor-
reduces to 10 .


320. b. Change the information into a fraction: 28 . ing the decimal points. Then, move the dec-
Now, reduce the fraction: 41. imal point to the left two places to get 49.98.
329. d. The correct answer to this subtraction prob-
lem is 1.168.
330. c. Multiply the numbers, momentarily ignor-
S ec tion 3— Decimals
ing the decimal points. Then, move the dec-
imal point to the left two places to get
Set 21 (Page 42)
148.32.
321. c. The hundredth is the second digit to the 331. d. Because there are two decimal places in each
right of the decimal point. Because the third of the numbers being multiplied, the prod-
decimal is 6 (which is greater than 5), the uct, 0.1904, will have four.
second digit is rounded up to 4. 332. c. This is a mixed decimal, which includes a
322. d. The farther to the right the nonzero digits are, whole number placed to the left of the deci-
the smaller the number. Forty three thou- mal point. The zero is in the tenths place
sandths is greater than 43 ten-thousandths. and the 4 is in the hundredths place: 5.04.
323. c. Line up the decimal points by writing the 333. a. The correct answer is 1.
problem vertically. Then, add the numbers 334. a. Because the digit in the hundredths place is
as you would whole numbers, keeping the less than 5, the tenths place would round
decimal point in its current location. Com- down to 0.2.
mon errors include choice a, subtracting 335. b. The thousandths place is the third digit to
instead of adding, or choice d, not lining up the right of the decimal point, so 1.0086 is
the decimal points correctly. the correct answer.
324. b. Line up the decimal points by writing the 336. b. Move the decimal point two places to the
problem vertically. Then, subtract the num- right in both numbers. Then, divide the
bers as you would whole numbers, keeping numbers to get 1.08.
the decimal point in its current location.
The answer is 2.719. Set 22 (Page 43)
325. a. To evaluate this type of division problem, 33 . b. It is important to align the decimal points,
you need to move each decimal point four especially when adding vertically. The cor-
spaces to the right, and then bring that rect answer is 70.821.
point straight up into the dividend, or 338. d. Multiply the numbers, momentarily ignor-
answer. If you got choice c, you incorrectly ing the decimal points. Then, move the dec-
divided 0.8758 by 2.9. imal point to the left four places to get
0.0378.

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339. b. Divide as usual, using the long division 349. b. The product is the result of multiplying the
algorithm. Then bring the decimal point up two numbers. Therefore, 0.368 is the correct
to get 3.965. answer.
340. c. Make certain to align the decimal points. 350. b. Line up the decimal points by writing the
The correct answer is 261.667. problem vertically. Then, add the numbers
341. a. This is a simple addition problem to which as you would whole numbers, keeping the
0.0793 is the correct answer. decimal point in its current location. The
342. d. A zero is assumed if there is no digit in the answer is 1.268.
fnal place of a decimal number. After 351. d. The decimal –0.16, the smallest number in
regrouping, the correct answer is 1.83. the range, is less than –0.06.
343. c. Squaring 100 yields 10,000. Move the deci-
mal point four places to the right in 4.32 to Set 23 (Page 44)
get the correct answer of 43,200. 352. a. The 8 is two places to the right of the
344. c. The correct answer is 0.068. decimal point, so the correct answer is
345. b. Multiply the numbers, momentarily ignor- eight hundredths.
ing the decimal points. Then, move the 353. a. The greatest value to the right of the deci-
decimal point to the left four places to get mal point can be determined in part by the
122.2625. tenths place. Choices a, c, and d all have a
346. c. Ten times 10 times 10 is 1,000. So, one thou- two in the tenths place. So, go to the hun-
sand times 7.25 is 7,250. dredths place. Choice a has the largest digit
34 . d. To multiply two numbers expressed in sci- of those three in the hundredths place. So, it
entifc notation, multiply the nonexponen- has the largest value.
tial terms (4.1 and 3.8) in the usual way. 354. d. Because there are zeros in both the tenths
Then the exponential terms (10-2 and 104) and hundredths place, 0.0097 is the lowest
are multiplied by adding their exponents. So number of all the choices.
(4.1 ¥ 10-2) (3.8 ¥ 104) = (4.1 ¥ 3.8)(10-2 ¥ 355. c. When you are rounding to the hundredths
104) = (15.58)(10-2 + 4) = (15.58)(102) = place, it is necessary to look at the thou-
15.58 ¥ 102. In order to properly express sandths place. Since 8 is greater than 5,
this result in scientifc notation, you must round up to 43.01.
move the decimal point one place to the left 356. a. First, add the three numbers to get a sum of
and add one to the exponent, resulting in 65.698. This number rounded to the nearest
1.558 ¥ 103. tenth is 65.7.
348. b. To divide two numbers expressed in scien- 35 . b. Line up the decimal points by writing the
tifc notation, you must divide the problem vertically. The sum of these three
nonexponentiated terms (6.5 and 3.25) in numbers is 42.6561.
the usual way, and then divide the 358. b. Subtract the second number from the frst.
exponential terms (10-6 and 10-3) by Then subtract the third number from that
subtracting the exponent of the bottom difference to get 2.87 as the correct answer.
term from the exponent of
-6
(6.5 ¥ 10 ) -6
3.25 ¥ 
6.5 10
the top term. So  (3.25 ¥ 10-3) =  10-3 = 2

¥ 10 –6 – (–3) = 2 ¥ 10 -6 + 3 = 2 ¥ 10 .-3

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359. a. To determine how far each person traveled, 3 2. b. Calculate what Robin makes in an eight-
multiply their speed times the number of hour day and then divide that by 3, since
hours: Patrick makes 13 of Robin’s earnings: 21 ¥ 8
Yuri: 60(2.25) = 135 miles = $168; $168 ∏ 3 = $56.
Catherine: 70(2.25) = 157.5 miles 3 3. b. Forty-fve minutes is equal to 34 of an hour,
So, they are 135 + 157.5 = 292.5 miles apart so Reva will make only 34 of her usual fee.
after 2.25 hours. Change 43 to a decimal: 0.75. Now multiply:
360. c. Since $3.20 is the sale price, add $0.75 to 10 ¥ 0.75 = 7.5. Reva will earn $7.50 today.
$3.20 to fnd the original price. Line up the 3 4. c. Change the fraction to a decimal: 0.25
decimal points, and the result is $3.95. (which is 14 as fast as, or 25% of, Zelda’s
361. d. To fnd the total, add the amounts together: time). Now multiply: 35.25 ¥ 0.25 = 8.8125,
1.42 + 1.89 = 3.31 liters. which can be rounded to 8.81.
362. a. Subtract 14.33 from 17.8 to get 3.47. 3 5. b. Divide the thickness by the number of
363. a. Add the numbers together to fnd the total pages: 1.5 ∏ 600 = 0.0025 inch.
of 34.47. 3 6. b. Since the time given is in minutes, convert
364. c. Add $15.75 to $67.98 and then subtract to hours. There are 60 minutes in one hour,
15
$27.58. The answer is $56.15. 60 = 0.25 hours. Use the formula
so 
365. d. First, add the cost of the wallpaper and Distance = rate ¥ time, where the rate is
carpet, which is $701.99. Subtract that from 4.5 miles per hour and the time is 0.25
$768.56. The difference is $66.57. hours. Distance = (4.5)(0.25) = 1.125 miles.
366. c. One hundred cases is fve times twenty The fact that Michael leaves at 7:32 A.M. is
cases, so the cost is 20 times $11.39, or irrelevant to this question.
$227.80. 3 . b. Kyra saves $60 + $130 + $70, which equals
36 . c. To fnd the average, divide the total by the $260. In January, her employer contributes
number of days: $87 ∏ 6 = $14.50 per day. $60 ¥ 0.1 = $6, and in April, her employer
368. d. Eight times $23.65 is $189.20. contributes $70 ¥ 0.1 = $7. In March, her
employer contributes only $10 (not $13),
Set 24 (Page 46) because $10 is the maximum employer con-
369. d. $5.96 divided by 4 equals $1.49. tribution. The total in savings then is $260 +
$6 + $7 + $10 = $283. (If you chose choice
3 0. c. There are twelve inches in one foot; 2.54
c, you forgot that the employer’s monthly
multiplied by 12 is 30.48.
contribution was a maximum of $10.)
3 1. c. In the frst two hours, they are working
3 8. a. This is a subtraction problem. Align the
together at the rate of one aisle per hour for
decimals and subtract: 428.98 - 399.99 =
a total of two aisles. In the next two hours,
28.99.
they work separately. Melinda works for two
hours at 1.5 hours per aisle; 2 ∏ 1.5 is about 3 9. c. This is a multiplication problem with deci-
1.33 aisles. Joaquin works for two hours at mals: 2.5 ¥ 2,000 = 5,000.
two hours per aisle. This is one aisle. The 380. c. This is a division problem: 304.15 ∏ 38.5.
total is 4.33 aisles. Because there is one decimal point in 38.5,
move the decimal point one place to the
3,041.5
right in both numbers:  385 = 7.9.

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381. c. This is a multiplication problem. To multi- 391. a. Divide 0.75 by 0.39 to get approximately
ply a number by 1,000, move the decimal 1.923 centimeters.
point three digits to the right—one digit for 392. c. 5.133 ¥ 10-6 = 5.133 ¥ 0.000001 =
each zero. In this situation, because there are 0.000005133. This is the same as simply
only two decimal places, add a zero. moving the decimal point to the left six
382. d. This is a division problem. Divide 12.9 by 2 places.
to get 6.45, and then add both weights: 393. a. Add the four numbers. The answer is $23.96.
12.90 + 6.45 = 19.35. 394. a. Add all of the monetary gifts as well as what
383. a. This is a division problem. Because there are Hal earned. The total is $4,772.56. Subtract
two decimal points in 1.25, move the deci- this number from the cost of the car. The
mal point two places to the right in both remainder is $227.39.
2,240
numbers:  125 = 17.92. 395. c. Subtract 2.75 from 10 by adding a decimal
384. b. This is a simple subtraction problem. and zeros to the 10 and lining up the deci-
Be sure to align the decimal points: mals. 10.00 - 2.75 = 7.25.
99.0 - 97.2 = 1.8. 396. c. Ignore the decimals temporarily when mul-
tiplying 8,245 ¥ 92 = 758,540. Then, total
Set 25 (Page 48) the number of decimal points in the two
385. c. Both addition and subtraction are required numbers you multiplied (four) and move
to solve this problem. First, add the the decimal point four places to the left to
amounts of the three purchases together: obtain: 75.8540.
12.90 + 0.45 + 0.88 = 14.23. Next, subtract 39 . b. Divide 517.6 by 23.92. Move both decimals
this amount from 40: 40.00 - 14.23 = 25.77. two spaces to the right (add a zero to 517.6);
386. d. This problem requires both multiplication move the decimal up directly and divide.
and addition. First, multiply 2.12 by 1.5 to The answer is 21.6387. Round up to 21.64.
fnd the price of the cheddar cheese: 2.12 ¥ 398. c. To fnd the difference, subtract 22.59 from
1.5 = 3.18. Then add: $3.18 + $2.34 = $5.52. 23.7. To keep the decimal placement clear,
38 . b. This problem requires both addition and remember to add a zero to 23.7.
subtraction. First, add the three lengths of 399. b. Add the three amounts, adding zeros where
string: 5.8 + 3.2 + 4.4 = 13.4. Then subtract necessary. The total is 11.546, rounded
the answer from 100, making sure to align down to 11.5 pounds.
the decimal points: 100.0 - 13.4 = 86.6.
400. d. Multiply the approximate words per
2.00
388. c. This is a simple division problem: 3 = minute by the number of minutes:
0.666. Because 6 is higher than 5, round up 41.46 ¥ 8 = 331.68.
to 0.67.
389. a. This is a simple addition problem. Line up Set 26 (Page 50)
the decimals in a column so that the decimal 401. a. Add all the candy Ingrid distributed or con-
points are aligned: 9.4 + 18.9 + 22.7 = 51. sumed and subtract that number from 7.5.
390. b. This is a multiplication problem with deci- The result is 5.44 pounds.
mals. Manny spends $1.10 each way and 402. c. Add all the distances together. The sum is
makes 10 trips each week: $1.10 ¥ 10 = 16.32 miles.
$11.00.

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403. b. The decimal 20.34 divided by 4.75 equals Set 27 (Page 52)
4.282. Ken can cover four chairs. 41 . c. The distance around this section is the
404. b. The total balance before expenditures is perimeter of the rectangle. This is found by
$2,045.38. The total expenditure is $893.14. adding the two known dimensions and
After subtraction, the total is $1,152.24. multiplying by 2, since there are two pairs of
405. d. Multiply the length by the width to get sides that are the same: 2(16.25 + 20.25) =
98.4375. Since the digit to the immediate 2(36.5) = 73 feet.
right of the hundredths place is larger than 418. c. 8.6 million minus 7.9 million equals
5, the rounded answer is 98.44 square inches. 0.7 million.
406. b. Five pounds of four divided by 0.75 equals 419. b. $1.13 multiplied by 100 equals $113.00.
6.6666. . . . Michael can make six cakes. Remember, a shortcut for multiplying deci-
40 . c. Add all the distances and divide by the mals by 10, 100, 1,000, etc. is to simply move
number of days she walked: 4.38 divided by the decimal to the right one space for each
4 = 1.095. zero.
408. c. Add the eaten amounts and subtract from 420. c. The four distances added together equal
the total: 12.600 - 6.655 = 5.945 pounds of 5.39 miles.
clams are left. (If you chose choice b, you 421. c. Fifteen minutes is 14 , or 0.25, of an hour;
forgot to subtract.) 0.25 of 46.75 is 0.25 ¥ 46.75 = 11.6875.
409. b. Solve 2.4 – 1.025, being careful to line up 422. b. Multiply 46.75 by 3.80, which equals 177.65.
the decimal points. The answer is 1.375 mil- 423. c. The ratio of boys to total students is 3:4, or
, which is equal to 0.75; 0.75 ¥ 28 = 21.
lion dollars. 3
4
410. b. Divide 76 by 2.89. This equals about 26.29 424. a. This is a division problem involving deci-
square feet, which rounds to 26 square feet. mals; 4,446 ∏ 1.17 = 3,800.
411. b. Subtract the hours actually worked from the 425. b. You must divide two decimals: 20.32 ∏ 2.54.
hours usually worked; the number of hours First, move each number over two decimal
left to work is 4.75. places: 2,032 ∏ 254 = 8.
412. a. Add the three amounts together. The total 426. c. This is a four-step problem. First, determine
is 1.63 acres. how much she earns in one eight-hour day:
413. d. To fnd the area of the room, multiply 8 ¥ $12.50 = $100. Next, subtract $100 from
the length by the width. The area is 432.9 $137.50 to fnd how much overtime she
square feet. earned: $137.50 - $100 = $37.50. Next, to
414. c. The total of ads and previews is 11.3 min- fnd out how much her hourly overtime pay
utes. Two hours is 120 minutes: 120 - 11.3 is, multiply 1.5 ¥ 12.50, which is 18.75. To
= 108.7. fnd out how many overtime hours she
415. c. Ten yards divided by 0.65 equals 15.384615 worked, divide: 37.50 ∏ 18.75 = 2. Add these
(repeating). Tommy can make 15 hats. two hours to her regular eight hours for a
416. b. Add the four amounts. The total is total of 10 hours.
28.13 hours.

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42 . b. Solving this problem requires converting 436. a. Because there are three at $0.99 and two at
15 minutes to 0.25 hour, which is the time, $3.49, the sum of the two numbers minus
and then using the formula d = rt: 62 miles $3.49 will give the cost.
per hour ¥ 0.25 hour = 15.5 miles. 43 . d. 2,200(0.07) equals $154; 1,400(0.04) equals
428. d. Distance traveled is equal to speed multi- $56; 3,100(0.07) equals $217; 900(0.03)
plied by time. Therefore, 3.00 ¥ (108) 
meters
second equals $27. Therefore, $154 + $56 + $217 +
¥ 2,000 seconds = 6.00 ¥ 1011 meters. $27 = $454. The other recycler offers only
429. a. First, it is necessary to convert centimeters $440.
to inches. To do this for choice a, multiply 438. a. To solve the problem, multiply 3.5 pounds
100 centimeters (1 meter) by 0.39 inches, by 7, the number of days in one week, to get
yielding 39 inches. For choice b, 1 yard is 36 24.5 pounds.
inches. For choice d, multiply 85 centime- 439. b. The solution is the ratio of the rates of
ters by 0.39 inches, yielding 33.15 inches. So 15.25
work, which is 15.25:12.5, or 12.5 or 1.22.
choice a is the longest. (To check your work multiply: 12.5 units ¥
430. b. To solve this problem, divide the number of 1.22 hours = 15.25.)
pounds in the weight of the cat (8.5) by the 440. d. $12.50 per hour ¥ 8.5 hours per day ¥ 5
number of pounds in a kilogram (2.2); 8.5 days per week is $531.25.
divided by 2.2 equals approximately 3.9 441. d. Three inches every 2 hours = 1.5 inches per
kilograms. hour ¥ 5 hours = 7.5 inches.
431. b. This is a multiplication problem: $1.25 442. d. This can be most quickly and easily solved
times 40 is $50. by estimating, that is, by rounding the num-
432. b. To fnd the total cost, add the four amounts bers to the nearest ten cents: two hamburg-
together. Be sure to line up the decimal ers at $3 is $6; $6 + one cheeseburger at
points. The total is $46.06. $3.40 is $9.40; two chicken sandwiches at $4
is $8. Then, $8 + one grilled cheese at $2 is
Set 28 (Page 53) $10. $9.40 + $10 = $19.40. Therefore, the
433. c. The answer is arrived at by frst dividing 175 nearest and most reasonable answer would
by 45. Since the answer is 3.89, not a whole be choice d, $19.10.
number, the frefghter needs four sections 443. c. This is a simple multiplication problem that
of hose. Three sections of hose would be too is solved by multiplying 35 times 8.2 for a
short. total of 287.
434. c. First, convert 10 gallons into quarts. Since 444. d. This problem is solved by dividing 60 (the
there are four quarts in one gallon, there are time) by 0.75 (the rate), which gives 80
40 quarts in 10 gallons. Now divide 40 words.
quarts by 1.06, since one liter is equal to 445. c. Multiply the difference in cost by 2:
1.06 quarts. Forty divided by 1.06 is approx- ($2.24 - $2.08) ¥ 2 = $0.32.
imately equal to 37.74, or about 38 liters.
446. d. First, fnd the total price of the pencils:
435. c. To solve the problem, take the weight of one 24 pencils ¥ $0.05 = $1.20. Then fnd the
gallon of water (8.35) and multiply it by the total price of the paper: 3.5 reams ¥ $7.50
number of gallons (25): 8.35 ¥ 25 = 208.75. per ream = $26.25. Next, add the two totals
Now round to the nearest unit, which is 209. together: $1.20 + $26.25 = $27.45.

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44 . c. This is a two-step multiplication problem. 458. d. This is an addition problem. To add these
To fnd out how many heartbeats there three decimals, line them up in a column so
would be in one hour, you must multiply 72 that their decimal points are aligned: 52.50
by 60 minutes, and then multiply this result, + 47.99 + 49.32 = 149.81. Move the decimal
4,320, by 6.5 hours to get 28,080. point directly down into the answer.
448. c. Multiply $7.20 by 2.5 to get $18. 459. c. This is a basic addition problem. Be sure to
align the decimal points before you add 68.8
Set 29 (Page 55) + 0.6 = 69.4.
449. c. This is a simple addition problem. Add 1.6 460. b. This is an addition problem. Arrange the
and 1.5, keeping the decimal points aligned: numbers in a column so that the decimal
1.6
1.5  3.1. points are aligned: 2.345 + 0.0005 = 2.3455.
450. b. This is a division problem: 25.8 ∏ 3 = 8.6. 461. c. This is a multiplication problem. Multiply
Move the decimal point straight up into the 3.25 times 1.06. Be sure to count four deci-
quotient. mal places from the right: 3.25 ¥ 1.06 =
451. c. You arrive at this answer by knowing that 254 3.445.
is 100 times 2.54. To multiply by 100, move 462. c. This is an addition problem. Arrange the
the decimal point two digits to the right. three numbers in a column so that the deci-
452. a. This is an addition problem. Add the three mal points are aligned: 33.95 + 5.70 + 4.89
numbers together, making sure the decimal = 44.54.
points are aligned, to get 19.1 miles. 463. c. This is an addition problem with decimals.
453. d. This is a multiplication problem: 35.2 ¥ 71 Add the four numbers together to arrive at
= 2,499.2. There is only one decimal point, the answer, which is $1,772.10.
so you will count off only one place from 464. d. This is a two-step multiplication problem.
the right. First, fnd out how long it would take for
454. b. This is a multiplication problem. First, mul- both Bart and Sam to do the job: 0.67 ¥ 5
tiply 279 by 89. Then, because there are four = 3.35 hours. Then, multiply your answer
decimal places, count off four places from by 2 because it will take Bart twice as long
the right. Your answer should be 2.4831. to complete the job alone: 3.35 ¥ 2 =
Because the 3 in the thousandths place is 6.7 hours.
less than 5, round to 2.48.
455. a. This is a basic subtraction problem. Line up Set 30 (Page 57)
the decimals and subtract: 2,354.82 - 867.59 465. a. This is a simple subtraction problem.
= 1,487.23. Align the decimal points and subtract:
456. b. This is a division problem: 13.5 ∏ 4 = 3.375. 91,222.30 - 84,493.26 = 6,729.04.
Move the decimal straight up into the 466. a. This is a division problem. Because there are
quotient. two decimal digits, move the decimal point
45 . b. This is a simple subtraction problem. Line two places to the right in both numbers.
up the decimals and subtract: 46.1 - 40.6 This means you must tack a zero on to the
= 5.5. end of 2,328. Then divide: 23,280 ∏ 375
= 62.08.

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46 . a. This is a three-step problem that involves 4 5. d. This is a two-step multiplication problem.

multiplication, addition, and subtraction. First, multiply: 5 ¥ 2 = 10, which is the
First, to determine the cost of the shrimp, number of trips Jacqueline drives to get to
multiply 3.16 by 4: 3.16 ¥ 4 = 12.64. Then work and back. Then multiply 19.85 by 10
add the price of both the shrimp and the by simply moving the decimal one place to
beef: 12.64 + 12.84 = 25.48. Finally, subtract the right.
to fnd out how much money is left: 4 6. a. This is a simple subtraction problem:
$100.00 - $25.48 = $74.52. 42.09 - 6.25 = 35.84.
468. c. This is a two-step problem involving multi- 4 . c. This is a three-step problem. First, multiply
plication and division. First, determine the to determine the amount Antoine earned
length of the pipes in inches by multiplying: for the frst 40 hours he worked: 40 ¥ 8.30 =
15.4 ¥ 3 = 46.2. Next, divide to determine 332. Next, multiply to determine his hourly
the length in feet: 46.2 ∏ 12 = 3.85. Because wage for his overtime hours: (1.5 ¥ 8.30)4 =
there are no decimal points in 12, you can 49.80. Finally, add the two amounts: $332 +
move the decimal point in 46.2 straight up $49.80 = $381.80.
into the quotient. 4 8. c. This is a two-step problem involving both
469. c. This is a multiplication problem. Be sure to addition and subtraction. First add: 93.6° +
count four decimal places from the right in 0.8° = 94.4°. Then subtract: 94.4° - 11.6°
your answer: 28.571 ¥ 12.1 = 345.7091. = 82.8°.
4 0. b. This is an addition problem. Arrange the 4 9. a. This is a two-step multiplication problem.
three numbers in a column and be sure that First, multiply to fnd out how many weeks
the decimal points are aligned. Add: 0.923 + there are in six months: 6 ¥ 4.3 = 25.8.
0.029 + 0.1153 = 1.0673 kilograms. Then, multiply to fnd out how much is
4 1. c. This is a two-step problem involving both saved: $40 ¥ 25.8 = $1,032.
addition and division. First, arrange the 480. a. This is a subtraction problem. Be sure to
three numbers in a column, keeping the align the decimal points: 6.32 - 6.099
decimal points aligned. Add: 113.9 + 106.7 = 0.221.
+ 122 = 342.6. Next, divide your answer by
3: 342.6 ∏ 3 = 114.2 minutes.
4 2. b. This is an addition problem. Be sure the Section 4—Percentages
decimal points are aligned before you add:
0.724 + 0.0076 = 0.7316 centimeter. Set 31 (Page 62)
4 3. d. This problem involves two steps: addition 481. c. To change a percent to a decimal, divide the
and subtraction. Add to determine the number by 100 and remove the percent
amount of money Michael has: 20.00 + 5.00 sign. Or equivalently, move the decimal
+ 1.29 = 26.29. Then, subtract the amount point two places to the left and remove the
of the ice cream: $26.29 - $4.89 = $21.40. percent sign. Therefore, 0.06 is the correct
4 4. c. This is a two-step problem. First, multiply answer.
to determine how many pounds of beef 482. c. The percent sign has been dropped, and the
were contained in the eight packages: 0.75 ¥ decimal point has moved two places to the
8 = 6. Then add: 6 + 0.04 = 6.04 pounds. left, so 0.09 is the correct answer.

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483. b. The correct answer is 0.37. 502. d. A percentage is a portion of 100 where
x x 216
484. a. The correct answer is 0.0304. x % = 100 . So the equation is  100 = 12,000 .
485. c. One hundred percent equals one whole. Or, Cross multiply: 12,000x = 216 ¥ 100.
21,600
you can simply move the decimal point two Simplify: x =  12,000 . Thus, x = 1.8%.
places to the left to get 5.00, or 5. Therefore, 503. d. Compute as in Problem 502 to get 175%.
500% equals 5.0 wholes. 504. c. To solve the problem, frst change the per-
486. b. To convert a decimal to a percent, multiply cent to a decimal: 0.0425 ¥ 574 = 24.395.
the decimal by 100, or simply move the dec- Then, round to the nearest tenth: 24.4.
62.5
imal point two places to the right. There- 505. b. 62.5% =  100 . You should multiply both the
fore, 23% is the correct answer. numerator and denominator by 10 to move
625
48 . c. Convert the mixed number to a decimal to the decimal point, resulting in  1,000 , and
get 4.20%. then factor both the numerator and denom-
488. d. The decimal point has been moved two inator to fnd out how far you can reduce
625 (5)(5)(5)(5)
places to the left to get 0.2. the fraction:  1,000 = (5)(5)(5)(8) . If you cancel
489. c. Convert the fraction to a decimal and keep the three 5s that are in both the numerator
the percent sign: 14 % = 0.25%. and denominator, you will get 58 .
490. a. Change the fraction to a decimal and move 506. c. First, divide the numerator by the denomi-
the decimal two places to the right. Then nator. Then, multiply by 100, or move the
add the percent symbol to get 25%. decimal point two places to the right and
491. a. The decimal point has been moved two affix the percent sign: 6 ÷ 80 = 0.075;
places to the right to get 66%. 0.075 ¥ 100 = 7.5%.
25
492. b. 25% =  100 50 . b. A quick way to fgure a 20% tip is to calcu-
493. b. First, change the percentage to a fraction by late 10% of the total and then double that
625
placing 100 . This equals 6.25. Then, change amount; 10% of $16.00 is $1.60; $1.60 mul-
it to a mixed number and reduce to lowest tiplied by 2 is $3.20. Another method is to
terms: 614 . just multiply 0.20 ¥ $16 to get $3.20.
32
494. c. The fraction  100 reduced to lowest terms 508. c. A quick way to fgure a 15% tip is to calcu-
8
is 
25 . late 10% of the total, and then add half that
495. c. Change the percent to a decimal to get 0.70. amount to the 10%. In this case, 10% of $24
Then, multiply: 0.70 ¥ 600 = 420. is $2.40, and half of $2.40 is $1.20; $2.40 +
496. a. Change the percent to a decimal to get 0.40. $1.20 = $3.60. Another method is to just
Then, multiply: 0.40 ¥ 240 = 96. multiply 0.15 ¥ $24 to get $3.60.
509. d. 0.532 ¥ 18 = 9.576.
Set 32 (Page 63) 510. c. 0.004 ¥ 30 = 0.12.
49 . c. 0.53 ¥ 765 = 405.45. 511. d. 0.42 ¥ 6 = 2.52.
498. c. Convert the percent to a decimal and 512. a. To change a percent to a decimal, move the
multiply: 2.0 ¥ 40 = 80. decimal point two places to the left and
499. b. 0.30 ¥ 39 = 11.7. drop the percent sign: 0.6 and  6
72 10 .
500. c. ___
100 = 0.72.
501. c. 0.16 ¥ 789 = 126.24.

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Set 33 (Page 64) 525. b. First, change the percent to a decimal:

513. d. Change the percent to a decimal and divide: 314 % = 3.25% = 0.0325. Now multiply:
18 ÷ 0.25 = 72. 30,600 ¥ 0.0325 = 994.5. Finally, add:
514. b. The root cent means 100 (think of the word $30,600 + $994.50 = $31,594.50 for Yetta’s
century), so the word percent literally means current salary.
“per 100 parts.” Thus 25% means 25 out of 526. d. The basic cable service fee of $15 is 75%
100, which can also be expressed as a ratio: of $20.
25:100. 52 . a. This is a multiplication problem involving a
515. c. A ratio is a comparison of two numbers. percent. Because 30% is equivalent to the
34
516. d. The correct answer is 100 .
 decimal 0.3, simply multiply the whole
51 . d. Since 500% equals 5.00, or simply 5, multi- number by the decimal: 0.3 ¥ 340 = 102.
ply to get: 5 ¥ 1.6 = 8. 528. b. The problem asks what percent of 250 is 10.
10 1
518. a. The equation to use is  x 12 Divide 10 by 250: ___ = __ = 0.04. Now,
100 = 50 . Cross
 250 25
multiply to get 50x = (12)(100), or x = 1,200 change to a percent by multiplying by
50 .
So x = 24, which means 12 is 24% of 50. 100%: 0.04(100%) = 4%. Thus 4% of the
519. b. Change the percent to a decimal and divide: senior class received full scholarships.
21.12 ÷ 0.12 = 176.
520. c. Divide the numerator by the denominator, Set 34 (Page 66)
and move the decimal point two places to 529. c. This is a multiplication problem.
the right. Then, add the percent sign: Change 20% to a decimal and multiply:
5 ÷ 20 = 0.25; 25%. $13.85 ¥ 0.2 = $2.77.
521. c. It is easy to mistake 0.8 for 8%, so you must 530. c. This percent problem involves fnding the
remember: To get a percent, you must move whole when the percent is given; 280,000 is
the decimal point two spaces to the right. 150% of last month’s attendance. Convert
Since there is nothing on the right of 0.8, 150% to a decimal: 150% = 1.5; 280,000 =
you must add a zero, then add the percent 1.5 ¥ LMA. Next, divide: 280,000 ∏ 1.5 =
sign: 80%. 186,666.6666. . . . Round up to the nearest
522. a. Remember that 14 = 1 ∏ 4 or 0.25, and 100% whole number: 186,667.
= 1. Therefore, 1 ¥ 0.25 = 0.25 = 25%. 531. a. This is a two-step problem. First, fnd the
523. b. There has been an increase in price of $3: amount of proft. Convert the percent to a
$3 ∏ $50 = 0.06. This is an increase of 0.06, decimal and multiply: 70,000 ¥ 0.18 =
or 6.0%. 12,600. Next, add the result to the original
524. b. First, ask the question: “$42 is 12% of what price: $70,000 + $12,600 = $82,600.
number?” Change the percent to a decimal 532. d. To fnd the percent of decrease, frst calcu-
and divide $42 by 0.12. This is equal to late the amount of the decrease: 1.00 - 0.95
$350, which represents the total weekly = 0.05. Set up the formula to solve for per-
earnings. Now subtract the amount she cent. Divide 0.05 by the original price,
0.05 5
spent on DVDs from $350: $350 – $42 $1.00, to get ____ ___
1.00 = 100 . So, there is a 5%
= $308. She deposited $308 into her decrease.
savings account.

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533. b. To solve this problem, convert the percent to 542. b. You can’t just take 25% off the original
a decimal: 112 % = 0.015. Then multiply: price, because the 10% discount after three
48.50 ¥ 0.015 = 0.7275. Round up to 0.73. years of service is taken off the price that
534. c. Let x equal the percent that 24 is of 480, and has already been reduced by 15%. Figure the
24 x
set up the proportion  480 =  100 . Cross mul- problem in two steps: First, 15% of 84.50 =
tiply to get 480x = 2,400. Divide both sides 84.50 ¥ 0.15 = 12.675. So, the price after the
of the equation by 480 to get x = 5. There- frst discount is $71.83. Then, 10% of this
fore, 24 is 5% of 480. price is $7.183. Subtract that from $71.83 to
535. b. 10% of 90 = 0.10 ¥ 90 = 9. So, they missed 9 get $64.65.
minutes of the movie. 543. b. This is a two-step problem. First, determine
3 x
536. b. The equation is  16 = 100 . Cross multiply: what percent of the trees are not oaks by
3 ¥ 100 = 16x. Solve for x by dividing by 16: subtracting: 100% - 32% = 68%. Change
x = 18.75. 68% to a decimal and multiply: 0.68 ¥ 400
53 . a. 19% of $423 = 0.19 ¥ $423 = $80.37. = 272.
Subtract that from $423 to get $342.63. 544. b. In this problem, you must fnd the whole
538. c. First, fnd the percentage of men by sub- when a percent is given: $3,000 = 15% of
tracting 60% from 100%, which is 40%. Annual Budget (AB). Change to a decimal:
Then, set up a proportion showing 40% out $3,000 = 0.15 ¥ AB. Solve the equation for
of 100% is equal to 250 men out of x total AB: $3,000 ÷ 0.15 ¥ $20,000.
250 40
students: x = 100 . Cross multiply to get

40x = 25,000. Divide both sides of the equa- Set 35 (Page 67)
tion by 40 to get x = 625 total students. 545. d. To fnd what percent one number is of
539. b. To fnd 80% of $7.50, change 80% to deci- another, frst write out an equation. Since
mal form and multiply: 0.80 ¥ 7.50 = $6.00. x% =  x x 420
100 the equation is 100 = 1,200 . Cross
 
540. a. Let x equal the percent of increase, and use multiply: 1,200x = (420)(100). Simplify:
difference x 42,000
the proportion  original amount = 100 . The
 x = 1,200 . Thus x = 35, which means 35% of
difference is found by subtracting the movies are comedies.
8,990 – 7,865, which is equal to 1,125. The 546. c. To fnd the percent change, frst determine
proportion then becomes  1,125 x
7,865 = 100 . Cross
 the original weight: 65.1 -5.1 = 60. Recall-
x x
multiply to get 7,865x = 112,500. Divide ing that x% =  100 , the equation becomes 100

each side of the equation by 7,865 to get x  5.1
= 
60 . Cross multiply: 60x = (5.1)(100). Sim-
510
14.30%, which rounds to 14%. plify: x =  60 . Thus, x = 8.5, which means
541. d. Since 4.5% = 0.045, multiply to get $10,000 Toby’s weight gain was 8.5%.
¥ 0.045 = $450. 54 . d. In this problem, you must frst determine
that, because 575 is the 10%-off price, it is
also 90% of the original price. So, 575 is
90% of what number? First, change 90% to
0.90 = 575 ∏ 0.90 =
575
a decimal: 0.90. Then: 
638.888. Now round up to $638.89.

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548. a. Since 514 % = 5.25% = 0.0525, multiply to 555. b. This is a two-step problem involving multi-
get 0.0525 ¥ 380 = 19.95. plication and addition. First, determine how
549. b. Let x equal the total number of minutes it many cards were sold on Saturday: 0.05 ¥
will take Erin to complete her homework. 200 = 10. That leaves 190 cards. Then, deter-
Since it took her 42 minutes to complete mine how many cards were sold on Sunday:
70% of her homework, set up the propor- 0.10 ¥ 190 = 19. Next, add the cards that
42 70
tion x = 100 . Cross multiply to get 70x = were sold: 10 + 19 = 29. Finally, subtract
4,200. Divide each side of the equation from the original number: 200 - 29 = 171.
by 70 to get x = 60. Since it will take her 556. d. To fnd the number when percent is given,
60 minutes to complete her homework and change the percent to a decimal then set up
she has worked 42 minutes, it will take her the equation: 9.50 = 0.45 ¥ money in wallet
60 – 42 = 18 minutes to fnish. (MIW). Solve: 9.5 = 0.45 ¥ MIW. Therefore,
9.5
550. d. To determine the percent, frst determine MIW = ____0.45 = $21.11.
the original length of the rope: 8 + 7 + 5 = 55 . c. This problem requires both multiplication
20 feet. Multiply the ratio of the shortest and addition. First, to determine the
5
__
rope to the full rope, namely 20 , by 100% to amount of the raise, change the percent to a
decimal and multiply: 0.0475 ¥ 27,400 =
20 ¥ 100% = 0.25 ¥
5
get the desired percent: __
100% = 25%. 1,301.5. Then, add this amount to the origi-
551. c. To fnd the whole when the percent is given, nal salary: 1,301.50 + 27,400 = 28,701.50.
frst set up an equation: 200 = 40% of the 558. c. To fnd the number of days, multiply:
house payment (HP). Convert the percent 365 ¥ 0.15 = 54.75. Round up to 55.
to a decimal: 200 = 0.4 ¥ HP. HP = ___200
0.4 = 500.
559. d. First, determine the percent of time that the
552. c. Container B holds 12% more than con- station is NOT playing classical music. Sub-
tainer A. Convert the percent to a decimal. tract from 100%: 100 - 20 = 80. Eighty per-
B = 8 gallons + (12% of 8) gallons = cent of the time the station does NOT play
(8 + 0.12 ¥8) gallons = 8.96 gallons. classical music. Then change the percent to
553. a. Multiply the ratio of $0.35 to $1.40, a decimal and multiply: 0.8 ¥ 24 = 19.2.
$0.35
____ 560. a. First, change 70% to a decimal, which is 0.7.
namely $1.40 , by 100% to get the desired
percent: $0.35
____ ¥ 100% = 0.25 ¥ 100% = 25%. Then multiply: 70 ¥ 0.7 = 49.
$1.40
554. d. This is a two-step problem. First, you must
Set 36 (Page 69)
determine the number of employees before
561. b. To fnd the percentage of people who said
the new hiring: 30 = 5% of the Original
they rode at least three times a week, divide
Work Force (OWF). Change the percent to a
30 105 by 150: 105 ∏ 150 = 0.7, which is 70%.
decimal: 30 = 0.05 ¥ OWF. OWF = ____ 0.05 =
So, you can expect to ride the bus at least
600. Six hundred represents the number of
three times a week. 0.7 ¥ 100,000 = 70,000
employees before the new hiring. To fnd
people.
the total workforce now, simply add: 600 +
30 = 630.

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562. d. First, calculate the number of students that 5 0. a. Twenty percent of 1,800 calories can be
do not participate in extracurricular activi- calories from fat; 20% of 1,800 equals
ties: 360 – 150 = 210 students. Multiply (0.2)(1,800) = 360 calories from fat are
the ratio of nonparticipants to the number allowed. Since there are nine calories in each
210
___
of students polled, namely 360 , by 100%: gram of fat, you should divide 360 by 9 to
210
___
360 ¥100% = 58.3%. This rounds to 58%. fnd that 40 grams of fat are allowed.
563. b. There are three steps involved in solving this 5 1. b. Use the formula beginning with the opera-
problem. First, convert 4.5% to a decimal: tion in parentheses: 98 - 32 = 66. After that,
0.045. Multiply that by $26,000 to fnd out multiply 66 by 59 , frst multiplying 66 by 5 to
how much the salary increases. Finally, add get 330. Then, 330 divided by 9 = 36.66,
the result ($1,170) to the original salary of which is rounded up to 36.7.
$26,000 to fnd out the new salary, $27,170. 5 2. c. Add 9% + 15% to get 24%, since they are
564. c. First you must subtract the percentage of both calculated from the cost of the meal.
the installation cost during construction Then fnd 24% of $24.95 by multiplying
(1.5%) from the percentage of the installa- 0.24 ¥ 24.95 = 5.988, which rounds to $5.99.
tion cost after construction (4%). To do Add $24.95 + $5.99 = $30.94.
this, begin by converting the percentages 5 3. c. Divide 1,132 by 4,528 to get 0.25. Change
into decimals: 4% = 0.04; 1.5% = 0.015. the decimal to a percent by multiplying by
Now subtract: 0.04 - 0.015 = 0.025. This is 100. The solution is 25%.
the percentage of the total cost that the 5 4. a. Add each of the known sectors, and subtract
homeowner will save. Multiply this by the the sum from 100% to get 12%.
total cost of the home to fnd the dollar 5 5. d. Since the rent sector is labeled 38%, fnd
amount: 0.025 ¥ $150,000 = $3,750. 38% of $2,450: 0.38 ¥ 2,450 = $931.
565. d. Eighty out of 100 is 80%. Eighty percent of 5 6. b. Find 15% of $34 and subtract from
30,000 is 0.80 ¥ 30,000 = 24,000. the original price: 0.15 ¥ 34 = 5.10;
566. b. Multiply the ratio of the number of pages $34.00 – $5.10 = $28.90.
read to the number of pages in the book,
157 157
435 , by 100%: 435 ¥ 100% = 36.09%.
namely ___ ___ Set 37 (Page 71)
This rounds to 36%. 5 . c. The difference between 220 and this per-
56 . b. Find 40% of 75 by multiplying 0.40 ¥ 75, son’s age = 220 - 30, or 190. The maximum
which is equal to 30. heart rate is 90% of 190, or (0.9)(190)
568. c. First, fnd 75% of the pump’s maximum = 171.
rate which is (0.75)(100) = 75 gallons per 5 8. a. Find 20% of 30 and add it to the current
minute. Next, fnd the time required using class size of 30: 0.20 ¥ 30 = 6; 30 + 6 = 36.
the equation rate ¥ time = amount pumped: 5 9. a. To fnd the percent of discount, divide the
15,000 amount of savings by the original price and
75t = 15,000; t =  75 ; t = 200 minutes.
569. a. 3 ¥ 0.60 = 0.20 = 20%
1
 multiply by 100. The amount of savings is
$350 – $279, which is equal to $71. Divide
71 by 350 to get 0.202. Multiply by 100 and
round for a result of 20%.

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580. a. The prescription is 50% effective for half 58 . b. First, fnd 50% of 100 gallons per minute
(or 50%) of the symptoms, so it eliminates which is (0.50)(100) = 50 gallons per
(0.50)(0.50) = 0.25, which is equal to 25% minute. Next, convert the units of time
of all symptoms. from minutes to hours. 50 gallons per
581. b. Since there are 171 men and 129 women, minute ¥ 60 minutes = 3,000 gallons
there are 171 + 129 = 300 people enrolled per hour. Now, use the formula amount
in the program. The percent of women can pumped = rate ¥ time and plug in the num-
be found by dividing 129 by 300, which is bers. Amount pumped = (3,000)(6)
equal to 0.43, and then multiplying by = 18,000 gallons.
100 to change the decimal to a percent: 588. b. The number of papers graded is arrived at
0.43 ¥ 100 = 43%. by multiplying the rate for each grader by
582. d. The third and fourth quarters are 54% and the time spent by each grader. Melissa
16%, respectively. This adds to 70%. grades fve papers per hour for three hours,
583. c. If 40% of those students are involved in the or 15 papers; Joe grades four papers per
music program, then 100% – 40% = 60% hour for two hours, or eight papers, so
are NOT involved in the music program. together they grade 23 papers. Because there
Find 60% of 315; 0.60 ¥ 315 = 189. are 50 papers, the percentage graded is 23
50 ,
584. d. Compute the difference in value of the which is equal to 46%.
shares: $9.75 – $3.25 = $6.50. Then, divide 589. c. In one hour Dimitri can do 40% of 40
$6.50
____
this by the starting value: $3.25 = 2. Finally, problems = (0.40)(40) = 16 problems;
multiply this by 100% to get that the per- 16 problems is to 40 problems as 1 hour is
16 1
cent increase is 200%. to x hours: 
40 = x . Cross multiply: 16x = 40.

40
585. d. To fnd 150% of $45, change the percent to Simplify: x = 16 = 2.5 hours.
a decimal and multiply: 1.50 ¥ 45 = 67.50. 590. c. First, determine how much the population
Since this is the markup of the price, add will increase by multiplying 2,500 ¥ 0.03
$67.50 to $45 to fnd the new price of = 75. Then, add this amount to the current
$112.50. population to get the answer: 2,500 + 75
586. c. You must break the 92,000 into the amounts = 2,575.
mentioned in the policy: 92,000 = 20,000 + 591. a. If the gas station is 57.8% of the way to the
40,000 + 32,000. The amount the policy will Chen’s relative’s house, it is (0.578)(75) =
pay is (0.8)(20,000) + (0.6)(40,000) + 43.35 miles from the Chen’s house. To solve,
(0.4)(32,000). This is 16,000 + 24,000 + subtract this distance from the total dis-
12,800, which equals $52,800. tance, 75 - 43.35 = 31.65 miles. The gas
station is about 3123 miles from the Chen’s
relative’s house.
592. d. Thirteen percent had not read books; there-
fore, 87% had; 87% is equal to 0.87; 0.87 ¥
2,500 = 2,175 people.

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Set 38 (Page 73) 604. d. First, change 15% to a decimal and multi-
593. d. Change the percent to a decimal: 4% = 0.04. ply: 0.15 ¥ $26,000 = $3,900.
Now multiply: 500 ¥ 0.04 = 20. 605. c. This percent problem asks that you fnd the
594. a. Multiply the percentages by one another whole when only a percent is known. Con-
(30% = 0.30; 15% = 0.15.): 0.30 ¥ 0.15 = vert 325% to a decimal: 325% = 3.25. Now
0.045 or 4.5%. multiply the amount Patty usually spends
595. d. If 20% are eating the special, 80% are not. by the percentage of increase: $4.75 ¥ 3.25
This means 40 people represent 80% of the = $15.44. Since Patty spent $15.44 more
number of people eating at the restaurant. than she usually spends, you must add the
40
So 0.80x = 40 or x = 0.80 . Thus x = 50 people.
amount she usually spends to the amount of
596. d. An average of 90% is needed of a total of increase: $4.75 + $15.44 = $20.19.
500 points: 500 ¥ 0.90 = 450, so 450 points 606. a. Subtract 196 from 230 to fnd the number
are needed. Add all the other test scores of pounds he has lost: 230 – 196 = 34. Then
together: 95 + 85 + 88 + 84 = 352. Now sub- divide 34 by the original weight of 230, and
tract that total from the total needed in change the decimal to a percent: 34 ∏ 230 
order to see what score the student must 0.148  14.8%, or about 15%.
earn on the ffth exam to reach 90%: 60 . b. Calculate 5% of $45 by changing the per-
450 - 352 = 98. cent to a decimal and multiplying: 0.05 ¥ 45
59 . d. Change the fraction to a decimal by dividing = 2.25. Since the customer is getting a dis-
the numerator of 3 by the denominator of 8: count, solve $45.00 – $2.25 to get a fnal
3 ∏ 8 = 0.375. Convert the decimal to a per- price of $42.75.
cent by multiplying by 100: 0.375 = 37.5%. 608. b. Convert 94% to a decimal to get 0.94, then
598. c. Find 90% of 90 by multiplying 0.90 ¥ 90. multiply: 250 ¥ 0.94 = 235.
The solution is 81.
599. a. The easiest way to solve this problem is to Set 39 (Page 75)
convert 512 % to a decimal: 0.055. Then mul- 609. c. Since there are eight equal sections shaded
tiply: 200 ¥ 0.055 = 11. out of a total of 20, 8 ∏ 20 = 0.4 which is
part %
600. c. Set up the proportion  whole = 100 , and sub-
equal to 40%.
stitute 12 for the part and 20 as the percent. 610. c. Subtract 28% from 100% to get 72%, which
12 20
The proportion becomes  x = 
100 . Cross
is the percent that represents Tim’s check
multiply to get 20x = 1,200. Divide each side after taxes are taken out. Since $363.96 is
of the equation by 20 to get x = 60. equal to 72% of his gross pay, set up and
363.96 72
601. a. A ratio is given: 3 out of 12. Divide to fnd solve the proportion  x = 
100 . Cross
the decimal equivalent: 3 divided by 12 = multiply to get 72x = 36,396. Divide each
0.25. This equals 25%. side of the equal sign by 72 to get x =
602. b. This is a multiplication problem involving a $505.50.
percent. 40% is equal to 0.4, so you must 611. b. In this two-step problem you must frst
multiply the whole number by the decimal: determine what percent of the dresses are
0.4 ¥ 8 = 3.2. NOT designer dresses by subtracting:
603. c. Divide 18 by 45 to get 0.4. Change the 100% - 8% = 92%. Now change 92% to a
decimal to a percent by multiplying by 100: decimal and multiply: 0.92 ¥ 300 = 276.
0.4 = 40%.

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612. c. In this problem you need to fnd the whole 0.40

621. b. Multiply the ratio ____
0.40
____
1.30 by 100% to get 1.30
when the percent is given. Since $48 is equal ¥ 100% = 30.76%. This rounds to 31%.
to 15% of the weekly budget, set up the 622. a. Since the ratio of males to females is three
48 15
proportion  100 . Cross multiply to get
x =  to two, for every three males there are two
15x = 4,800. Divide each side of the equa- females. Therefore, there are two females
tion by 15 to get x = $320. out of every fve people (2 + 3 = 5). Change
613. d. Multiply the ratio of the number of peach the ratio to a fraction and then divide to get
pies to the total number of pies at the fair, a decimal: 52 = 0.4. Multiply by 100 to
4 4
namely __ 26 , by 100% to get 26 ¥ 100% 
__
change to a percent: 0.4 ¥ 100 = 40%.
15.4%. This rounds to 15%. 623. b. Since the ratio of rainy days to sunny days is
614. d. The difference in earnings for the two weeks three to four, for every three rainy days there
is $36 – $4 = $32. To fnd the percent of are four sunny days. Therefore, there are
increase, compare the difference to the orig- four sunny days out of every seven days (3 +
inal amount by setting up the proportion 4). Change the ratio to a fraction and then
32 x
 = . Cross multiply to get 4x = 3,200.
4 100 divide to get a decimal: 47  0.57. Multiply
Divide each side of the equation by 4 to by 100 to change to a percent: 0.57 ¥ 100
get 800%. = 57%.
615. d. To fnd the amount of markup, fnd 25% of 624. d. First, determine how many candies Toby
$34.99 by multiplying: 0.25 ¥ 34.99 = $8.75. ate for dessert: 0.25 ¥ 48 = 12. That leaves
Then, the original price plus the markup 48 – 12 = 36 candies for Toby to share with
equals $43.74. his friends. Next, determine how many can-
616. d. Since Martha saved 35%, she paid $298.35, dies Toby and his friends shared: 0.25 ¥ 36
which was 65% of the original price. Set up = 9. That leaves 36 – 9 = 27 candies.
298.35 65
the proportion   = . Cross multiply
x 100
to get 65x = 29,835. Divide each side of the Set 40 (Page 77)
equation by 65 to get x = $459. 625. c. Hilga and Jerome’s initial distance apart
61 . c. To solve this problem, frst multiply the cost equals the sum of the distance each travels
of one doll by six, so Barbara buys six dolls in 2.5 hours. Hilga travels a distance of
originally valued at $1,800. Now change (2.5)(2.5) = 6.25 miles, while Jerome travels
the percent to a decimal (3.5% = 0.035): (4)(2.5) = 10 miles. This means that they
$1,800 ¥ 0.035 = $63, for the amount Bar- were 6.25 + 10 = 16.25 = 1614 miles apart.
bara saves. 626. a. Fifteen percent of 40 is 0.15 ¥ 40 = 6. Six is
618. d. If Martin has cleaned 40% of the 32 rooms, the number who chose dry dog food. There-
he still has 60% left to go: 32 ¥ 0.6 = 19.2 or fore, 40 – 6 = 34 beagles chose canned dog
about 19 rooms. food.
619. b. The original length of the rope before it was 62 . a. Multiply the ratio 18 by 100% to get 81 ¥100%
cut is 5 + 4 + 3 = 12 inches. The longest = 12.5%.
piece is 5 inches. Five out of 12 becomes 628. c. To fgure the total, the formula is 4x =  20
5 100 .
12 = 0.416  42%.

Cross multiply: 4 ¥ 100 = 20x or 400 = 20x,
620. c. First, change the percent to a decimal and or x = 20.
then multiply: 60% = 0.60. The problem
becomes 0.60 ¥ 500 = $300.

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12 of the tax bill: $18,000 ∏ 12 =

1
629. b. Since there are 60 minutes in one hour, 63 . c. First, fnd 
15 15
multiply the ratio __ 60 by 100% to get 60 ¥
__
1,500. Now fnd 3% of the gross receipts:
100% = 25%. $75,000 ¥ 0.03 = 2,250. Now add: $1,000
630. b. Multiply the ratio of the number of stuffed (rent) + $1,500 (percent of annual tax bill)
animals her grandmother gave her to the + $2,250 (percent of gross receipts) = $4,750.
total number of stuffed animals she has, 638. a. First, fnd the amount of assessment:
15 15
namely __75 , by 100% to get 75 ¥ 100% = $325,000 ¥ 0.90 = $292,500. Now fnd the
__

20%. number of thousands: $292,500 ∏ 1,000

631. c. Multiply the ratio of cost of labor to total = 292.5. Next, fnd the tax rate for a whole
80 80
cost, namely ___ 320 , by 100% to get 320 ¥100% year: 292.5 ¥ $2.90 = 848.25. Now fnd the
___

= 25%. tax rate for half of the year: $848.25 ∏ 2

632. b. 78% of 200 is 0.78 ¥ 200 = 156. = $424.13.
633. c. First, you must change the percent to a deci- 639. a. First, fnd the amount that the seller must
mal: 85% = 0.85. Now fnd the amount at pay out: $395,000 ¥ 0.055 = $21,725 (bro-
which the property is assessed: $185,000 ¥ kerage fee), plus $395,000 ¥ 0.04 = $15,800
0.85 = $157,250. Next, divide to fnd the (settlement fees), plus the $300,000 loan.
number of thousands: $157,250 ∏ 1,000 = Now subtract these from the gross proceeds
157.25. Finally, fnd the tax: $24.85 ¥ 157.25 of $395,000 - $21,725 - $15,800 - $300,000
= $3,907.66. = $57,475 net proceeds.
634. c. First, convert the percents to decimals: 5% = 640. d. The property today is valued at 118% of
0.05; 2.5% = 0.025. Now fnd the Owens’s purchase price: $585,000 ¥ 1.18 = $690,300.
down payment by multiplying: $100,000 (the
original cost) ¥ 0.05 = $5,000. Next, fnd the
MIP by multiplying: $95,000 (the mortgage Section 5—Algebra
amount) ¥ 0.025 = $2,375: Finally, add:
$5,000 (down payment) + $2,375 (MIP) + Set 41 (Page 82)
$1,000 (other closing costs) = $8,375.
641. a. When solving for x, isolate the variable by
635. d. The seller’s $103,000 represents only 93% of
dividing both sides of the equation by 6.
the sale price (100% - 7%). The broker’s
The correct answer is 7.
commission is NOT 7% of $103,000, but
642. d. Ask the question, “What number divided by
rather 7% of the whole sale price. The ques-
72 equals 2?” The correct answer is 144.
tion is $103,000 is 93% of what fgure. So,
x 103,000 643. b. Isolate the variable by subtracting 50 from
100 = 
let  93 = 110,752.68, rounded to
both sides of the equation: 5a = 100. Then
$110,753.
divide both sides by 5: a = 20. The correct
636. c. First, change the percents to decimals. Next,
answer is 20.
fnd the total commission: $115,000 ¥ 0.06
644. a. Let x be the number. Its square is x2 (which
= $6,900. Finally, fnd salesperson Simon
means x · x). The given scenario can be
Hersch’s cut, which is 55% of the total price
described by the equation x3 = 729. Ask
(45% having gone to broker Bob King):
yourself, “What number raised to the third
$6,900 ¥ 0.55 = $3,795.
power equals 729?” The answer is 9.

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645. d. Let x be the number. Set up an equation. 656. d. Let x be the number. The phrase “20% of
The phrase “Sixteen less than 6 times a a number” is 0.20x. Five more than this is
number” is 6x – 16. This equals 20, so we 5 + 0.20x. This equals 52, which is 25. So,
have the equation 6x – 16 = 20. To solve for we must solve the equation 5 + 0.20x = 25.
x, start by adding 16 to both sides: 6x = 36. To do so, frst subtract 5 from both sides:
Then, divide both sides by 6: x = 6. 0.20x = 20. Then, divide both sides by 0.20:
20
646. d. Let x be the number. The phrase “25% of a x = ____
0.20
= 100.
number” is 0.25x. Adding this to the num-
ber gives x + 0.25x = 1.25x. We must fnd x Set 42 (Page 83)
such that 1.25x = 125. To do this, simply 65 . b. Twelve-sixths of any number, x, is equiva-
125
divide both sides by 1.25: x = ____1.25 = 100. lent to twice the number, or 2x. Solve for x:
64 . c. To fnd 71 of 42, divide 42 by 7. The result is 2x + 75 = 135. To solve for x, subtract 75
6. Then, add 8: 6 + 8 = 14. from both sides: 2x = 60. Now, divide both
648. c. First, fnd the product of the given values, sides by 2: x = 30.
which is 12. Then, square that number. 658. a. The property in the statement shows that
Twelve squared equals 144. The correct the sum of the numbers is the same even if
answer is 144. the order is changed. This is an example of
649. a. A prime number is a number that has the Commutative Property of Addition.
exactly two factors: one and itself. The frst 659. c. When the given values are plugged into
four prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, and 7. The the expression, it reads: (–3)(6) - 6(–5);
sum of these numbers is 17. –18 + 30 = 12.
650. d. Combine the terms on the left side: 660. c. Let x be the number. We must solve the
15b = 15. Then, divide both sides by 15: equation 34 + x = 98. To do so, simply sub-
b = 1. tract 34 from both sides: x = 64.
651. d. A composite number is not prime. The only 661. d. Let x equal the number sought. Begin the
choice that is not prime is 91, because it is solution process by breaking up the prob-
the product of 7 and 13. lem into smaller parts: a number three
652. c. Subtract both 6 and 9 from 49. The correct times larger = 3x, 10 added to the number
answer is 34. = x + 10. Combining terms we have the
653. a. The only choice that equals 32 is a. 32 has equation: 3x = x + 10. Gather all of the x
no factors of 3. terms on the left side: 2x = 10. Then, divide
654. c. Let x be the number. “One third of a num- both sides by 2: x = 5.
ber” is 13 x. The product of this and 9 is 662. d. The symbol means that a is “less than or
9(13 x) = 3x. This equals 81. So, we must equal to” 5. The only choice that makes this
solve the equation 3x = 81. To do so, simply statement false is 6.
divide both sides by 3: x = 27. 663. c. First, combine like terms on the left side of
655. a. This problem can be represented by the fol- the equation to get 2p – 10 = 16. Add 10 to
lowing equation: 2(x ¥ 2x) = 196. Solve for both sides of the equation: 2p = 26. Divide
x: 2(2x2) = 196; 4x2 = 196; x2 = 49; x = 7. both sides of the equation by 2: p = 13.
664. d. The equation is simply 50 + 3x = 74;
3x = 24; x = 8.

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665. a. Let x equal the number sought. Four more 6 2. d. The frst step in solving this problem is to
4x
than three times a number means (3x + 4), add the fractions to get the sum of 
4 . This
so the expression becomes (2)(3x + 4) = 20. fraction reduces to x.
Simplify: 6x + 8 = 20 or 6x = 12. Thus,
x = 2. Set 43 (Page 84)
666. b. Let x be one of the integers. The next odd 6 3. b. Because the integers must be even, the equa-
integer is x + 2. Their sum is given by x + tion n + (n + 2) + (n + 4) = 30 is used. This
(x + 2) = 20. Simplify the left side: 2x + 2 gives 3n + 6 = 30; 3n = 24; n = 8. Therefore,
= 20. To solve for x, subtract 2 from both 8 is the frst number in the series. Choice a,
sides: 2x = 18. Then, divide both sides by 2: (9, 10, 11) does not work because the num-
x = 9. So, the other integer is 9 + 2 = 11. bers aren’t even integers.
Thus, the two integers are 9 and 11. 6 4. d. The factors of a trinomial are often in the
66 . d. Substitute 8 for y in the expression and form (x + a)(x + b) where a and b represent
perform the operations: x = 4 + 6(8); x = 52. numbers whose sum is the coeffcient in the
668. b. Substitute the values of each letter and sim- middle term of the trinomial and whose
(1)(3) + (3)(6)
plify. The expression becomes  (1)(3) , product is the last term in the trinomial. In
3
18
which simplifes to  3 after performing this case, the sum is 6 and the product is 9.
multiplication. Add 3 + 18 in the numerator The two numbers that satisfy these two con-
21
3 , which simplifes to 7.
to get  ditions are 3 and 3. Therefore, express the
669. c. The Associative Property of Multiplication factors as the two binomials by replacing a
shows that even though the grouping of the and b with 3 and 3: (x + 3)(x + 3) = (x + 3)2.
numbers changes, the result is the same. 6 5. a. Cross multiply: (2x)(48) = (16)(12);
Choice c changes the grouping of the num- 96x = 192. Thus, x = 2.
bers by placing different variables within the 6 6. a. To solve the inequality 12x  1 < 35, add 1
parentheses, while both sides of the equa- to both sides: 12x < 36. Then, divide both
tion remain equal. sides by 12: x < 3. Of the choices given, only
6 0. b. To fnd the greatest common factor of 3x2, 2 is less than 3. Since values of x less than 3
12x, and 6x3 frst start with the coeffcients, satisfy this inequality, 2 is the only answer
or numbers in front of the variables. The choice that would make the inequality true.
largest number that divides into 3, 6, and 12 6 . d. (x2 + 4x + 4) factors into (x + 2)(x + 2).
without a remainder is 3. With the variables, Therefore, one of the (x + 2) terms can be
the smallest exponent on x is 1, so x1, or x, canceled with the denominator. This leaves
is the largest variable factor. Therefore, the (x + 2).
greatest common factor of all three terms 6 8. a. Factor out the greatest common factor to
is 3x. get x(x2 + 6).
6 1. a. Substitute the values into the inequality to 6 9. b. Set up an equation and solve for the vari-
see which one is true. Observe that plugging able: 66 + x = 15; x = –51.
in x = –13 yields the statement –13 + 25 680. d. Multiply using the distributive property,
13, which is the same as 12 13, which is being sure to add the exponents of like
true. The other values do not produce true bases; 4n2(5np + p2) becomes 4n2 ¥ 5np +
statements. 4n2 ¥ p2. This simplifes to 20n3p + 4n2p2.

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681. d. Factor the numerator of the fraction to two 694. d. All are possible solutions to the inequality;
binomials: (x + 5)(x – 3). Cancel the com- however, the largest solution will occur
mon factors of x + 5 from the numerator when 13 x -3 = 5. Therefore, 31 x = 8; x = 24.
and denominator. The result is x – 3. 695. c. A linear equation in the form y = mx + b
682. b. Since y ¥ y = y2, then 2y(y) is equal to 2y2. has a slope of m and a y-intercept of b. In
683. d. x times x2 is x3; x times y is xy, so the solu- this case you are looking for an equation
tion to the problem is 3x3 + xy. where m = –2 and b = 3. The equation is
684. d. The key word product tells you to multiply. y = –2x + 3.
Therefore, multiply the coeffcients of 2 and 696. b. The simplest way to solve this problem is to
3, and multiply the variables by adding the cancel the a term that occurs in both the
exponents of like bases. Keep in mind that numerator and denominator. This leaves
x = x1; (3x2y) ¥ (2xy2) becomes 3 ¥ 2 ¥ x2 ¥ bc . Evaluating with b = 4 and c = -2 gives
b–c
____

x ¥ y ¥ y2. This simplifes to 6x3y3. 4______

– (–2)
simplifes to -34.
4(–2) , which
685. c. This equation is a proportion, expressing 69 . c. First, fnd the least common denominator
the equivalence of two ratios. and multiply each term on both sides of
686. b. Break the statement down into smaller the equation by this number. The least com-
parts. The frst part, the sum of two numbers, mon denominator in this case is 10. When
a and b, can be translated (a + b). This part 10 is multiplied by each term, the equation
needs to be in parentheses to ensure that the simplifes to 2x - x = 40, which becomes
correct order of operations is executed. The x = 40.
second part, divided by a third number, c, 698. c. Slope is equal to the change in y values
takes the frst part and divides it by c. This divided by the change in x values. Therefore,
now becomes (a + b) ∏ c. 3______
– (–1) 4
2 – 0 = 2 = 2. The y-intercept is found by

68 . d. To solve this problem, you must frst fnd putting 0 in for x and -1 for y in the equa-
the common denominator, which is 6. The tion y = 2x + b: -1 = 2(0) + b; b = -1.
3x x
equation then becomes  6 + 6 = 4; then,

Therefore, the equation is y = 2x - 1.
4x
 = 4; and then 4x = 24, so x = 6.
6 699. a. Let x equal the number sought. Working in
688. c. Cross multiply to get 5x = 90. Divide both reverse order we have: The sum of that
sides of the equation by 5 to get x = 18. number and six becomes (x + 6), the prod-
uct of three and a number becomes 3x.
Set 44 (Page 86) Combine terms: (x + 6) - 3x = 0. –2x + 6 =
689. d. Solve for x: 15 x - 6 = 3; 15 x = 9; x = 45. 0. Subtract 6 from both sides: -2x = -6.
690. c. Solve for y: 8y - 3 = 1; 8y = 4; y = 12 . Then, divide both sides by -2: x = 3.
691. d. Substitute 5 for x in the equation, so that
there is only one variable for which to solve:
y = 2(52 + 10) - 3; y = 2(35) - 3; y = 70 - 3;
y = 67.
692. c. Cross-multiply: 76 = 19x. Divide both sides
by 19: x = 4.
693. a. Subtract 6 from both sides: 2.5p = 12.5.
Then, divide both sides by 2.5: p = 5.

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00. b. To fnd the slope of a linear equation, write 06. d. Let G stand for the generic oatmeal and N
the equation in the form y = mx + b where for the name brand: We are given that
m represents the slope and b represents the G = 32 N and that G = 1.50. Set them equal to
y-intercept. To change 3y – x = 9 to y = mx get the equation 32 N = 1.50. To solve for N,
+ b form, frst add x to both sides of the multiply both sides by 32 : 32 ¥ (32 N) = 32 ¥
equation: 3y – x + x = x + 9: 3y = x + 9. 1.50, so that N = 2.25.
3y x 9
Then divide both sides by 3:  3 = 3 + 3, 0 . b. You need to know D, the difference in total
which simplifes to y = 13 x + 3. (Remember revenue. Let A equal total revenue at $6 each,
that 3x = 13 x.) The number in front of x is 13 , and B = total revenue at $8 each. Therefore,
and this represents m, or the slope of the D = A - B. You are given A = 6 ¥ 400 = 2,400
line. and B = 8 ¥ 250 = 2,000. Substitute: D =
01. b. Two equations are used: T = 4O, and T + O 2,400 - 2,000. Thus, D = 400 dollars.
= 10. Substituting the frst equation into the 08. a. You are asked to fnd B, the dollar amount
second one gives 5O = 10, and O = 2. of tips Betty is to receive. You know from
Therefore, T = 8. The number is 82. the information given that T + J + B = 48,
02. a. The sum of three numbers means (a + b + c), T = 3J, and B = 4J. Substitute the values of T
the sum of their reciprocals means (1a + 1b + and B into the frst equation: 3J + J + 4J = 48;
1 1 1 1
). Multiplying yields (a + b + c)( +  + ). 8J = 48; J = 6. So, to fnd the amount Betty
c a b c
Thus, choice a is the correct answer. receives, plug J = 6 into the equation B = 4J
03. a. Only like terms can be added: 4x - 7y + 7x to obtain B = 4(6) = 24.
+ 7y = (4x + 7x) + (-7y + 7y) = 11x + 0y 09. b. Since the lines intersect at exactly one point,
= 11x. there is only one solution to this system of
04. b. Let x equal the number sought. Begin by equations. They cross at the point (1,3).
breaking the problem into parts: 88 is the 10. c. The total bill is the sum of the three people’s
result becomes = 88. One-half of the sum of meals. You are solving for the father’s meal.
24 and a number becomes 0.5(24 + x). The mother’s meal is 54F, and the child’s
Three times a number becomes 3x. Combine meal is 34 F. Therefore, F + 54 F + 43 F = 48.
terms: 3x - 0.5(24 + x) = 88. Simplify: This simplifes to 3F = 48; F = $16.
3x - 12 - 0.5x = 88, which reduces to 11. b. You are solving for x, the cost per pound of
2.5x = 100. Thus, x = 40. the fnal mixture. You know that the total
cost of the fnal mixture equals the total cost
Set 45 (Page 88) of the dried fruit plus the total cost of the
705. b. A straight line that has a positive slope slants nuts, or C = F + N. In terms of x, C is the
up to the right. Choice a has a negative slope cost per pound times the number of pounds
and slants up to the left. Choice c is a hori- in the mixture, or C = 7.5x. Substitute: 7.5x
zontal line and has a slope of zero. Choice d = 3(6) + 7(1.5). Simplify: 7.5x = 18 + 10.5
28.5
is a vertical line and has no slope or an unde- or x =  7.5 . Thus, x = $3.80 per pound.
fned slope.

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12. b. You want to know R = helicopter’s speed in 20. c. Since odd integers, such as 3, 5 and 7,
miles per hour. To solve this problem, recall are two numbers apart, add 2 to the
that rate ¥ time = distance. It is given that expression: x – 1 + 2 simplifes to x + 1.
T = 6:17 - 6:02 = 15 minutes = 0.25 hour
and D = 20 miles. Substitute: r ¥ 0.25 = 20. Set 46 (Page 90)
Simplify: r = 20 ∏ 0.25. Thus, r = 80 miles 21. c. Use the FOIL method to multiply. This
per hour. stands for the order by which the terms are
13. c. 12 ¥ 5% + 4 ¥ 4% = x times 16; 76% = 16x; multiplied: First, Outer, Inner, and Last:
76%
x = ____16 = 4.75%. (x – 3) (x + 7) = x • x + x • 7  3 • x – 3 • 7.
14. b. Let x equal D’Andre’s rate. D’Andre’s rate Simplify the multiplication: x2 + 7x – 3x –
multiplied by his travel time equals the dis- 21. Combine like terms: x2 + 4x – 21.
tance he travels; this equals Adam’s rate mul- 22. c. “Karl is four times as old as Pam” means
tiplied by his travel time: 2x = D = 3(x - 5). K = 4P, and “Pam is one-third as old as
Therefore, 2x = 3x - 15, or x = 15 miles Jackie” means P = 13 J. You are given J = 18.
per hour. Working backward, you have: P = 13 (18) = 6;
15. d. The equation to describe this situation is K = 4(6) = 24. The sum of their ages =
10 fish 2.5 fish
hour (2 hours) = hour t; 20 = 2.5t; K + P + J = 24 + 6 + 18 = 48.
 
t = 8 hours. 23. c. In order to solve for x, get x alone on one
16. b. Solve this problem by fnding the weight of side of the equation. First, add r to both
each portion. The sum of the weights of the sides of the equation: s + r = 2x – r + r. The
initial corn is equal to the weight of the equation becomes s + r = 2x. Then divide
s+r 2x
fnal mixture. Therefore, (20 bushels) each side of the equation by 2:  2 = 2.

56 pounds 50 pounds
 + (x bushels) = [(20 + x) Cancel the 2’s on the right side of the equa-
bushel bushel
. Thus, 20 ¥ 56 + 50x =
54 pounds s+r
bushels] bushel tion to get a result of  2 = x.
(x + 20) ¥ 54. 24. b. To solve this problem, set up the proportion
3 x
1 . c. The total sales equal the sum of Linda and 3 is to 25 as x is to 40:  25 = 40 . Cross multi-

Jared’s sales, or L + J = 36. Since Linda sold ply: (3)(40) = 25(x). Solving for x gives 4.8,
three less than twice Jared’s total, L = 2J - 3. but since coolers must be whole numbers,
The equation (2J -3) + J = 36 models this this number is rounded up to 5.
1.5 2.25
situation. This gives 3J = 39; J = 13. 25. b. A ratio is set up:  14 =  x . Cross-multiply:
18. d. The amount done in one day must be found 1.5x = 2.25(14) = 31.5. Now, divide both
for each person. John strings 14 of a fence in sides by 1.5: x = 21 pancakes.
a day, and Mary strings 13 of a fence in a day: 26. a. We are given that a + b + c = 25, a = 2b, and
1 1 1
 +  = ; multiplying both sides by 12x
4 3 x b = 12 c. Solve the last one for c: c = 2b. Now,
12 5
yields 3x + 4x = 12; x =  7 = 1 7 days.
 plug the expressions for a and c into the frst
19. b. One and a half cups equals 32 cups. Set up equation: 2b + b + 2b = 25. Simplify the left
4 people –32 cups
the ratio of 4 to 6 people: _______
6 people
= ______
x cups
side: 5b = 25. Now, divide both sides by 5:
Cross-multiply: 4x = 6(32) = 9. Now, divide b = 5 inches.
both sides by 4: x = 49 = 214 cups.

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2 . c. The problem is to fnd x, the number of 33. b. The unknown, I, equals the amount of
gallons of 75% antifreeze. You know the interest earned. To solve this problem, it is
fnal mixture is equal to the sum of the two necessary to use the formula given: Interest
solutions or M = A + B. In terms of x, = principal ¥ rate ¥ time (I = PRT). First,
M = 0.50(x + 4), A = 0.75x, and B = 0.30(4). change the percent to a decimal: 718 =
9
Substitute: 0.50(x + 4) = 0.75x + 1.20. Sim- 0.07125. Next note that nine months =  12
plify: 0.50x + 2 = 0.75x + 1.2, which reduces or 34 or 75% (0.75) of a year. Substitute:
to 0.25x = 0.80. Thus, x = 3.2 gallons. I = ($767)(0.07125)(0.75). Thus,
28. a. To move from one point to another on the I = $40.99.
line, you need to move up three units and 34. a. You are asked to fnd F, Fluffy’s age. Begin
over one to the right. Therefore, the line has by breaking the problem into parts: Fluffy is
a slope of 3. The line crosses the y-axis at +1 half the age of Muffy becomes F = 12 M, Muffy
so the y-intercept is 1. Using the slope- is one-third as old as Spot becomes M = 13S,
intercept form of the equation (y = mx + b, and Spot is half the neighbor’s age becomes
where m = the slope and b = the y-intercept), S = 12 N. You know the neighbor’s age is 24
the equation becomes y = 3x + 1. or N = 24. Substitute and work backward
29. c. The problem is to fnd x the number of through the problem: S = 12 (24) = 12,
pounds of raspberries. You know that total M = 13 (12) = 4, F = 12 (4). Thus, F = 2.
fruit purchased equals the sum of bananas Fluffy is two years old.
and raspberries, or F = B + R. In terms of x, 35. b. Let x equal the unknown quantity of each
F = 2(x + 7), B = 7(0.50), and R = 4x. Sub- denomination. You know that all the coins
stitute: 2(x + 7) = 3.5 + 4x. Simplify: 2x + total $8.20 and that each denomination is
14 = 3.5 + 4x, which reduces to 2x = 10.5. multiplied by the same number, x. There-
Thus, x = 5.25 pounds. fore, 0.25x + 0.10x + 0.05x + 0.01x = 8.20.
30. b. The problem is to fnd x, the number of This reduces to (0.25 + 0.10 + 0.05 + 0.01)x
rental months needed to make the costs = 8.20, or 0.41x = 8.20. Thus, x = 20 coins
equal. This occurs when purchase cost in each denomination.
equals rental cost, or P = R. You are given 36. d. The order of operations dictates addressing
P = 400 and R = 50 + 25x. Substitute: 400 = the exponents frst. Then perform the oper-
50 + 25x, which reduces to 25x = 350. Thus, ations within the parentheses. Finally, per-
x = 14 months. form the operation outside the parentheses:
31. b. Two equations are used: E = M + 10 and 3(6x4)2 = 3(6x4)(6x4) = (3 · 6 · 6) ¥ (x4 · x4)
20E + 25M = 1,460. This gives 20M + 200 + = 108x8.
25M = 1,460; 45M = 1,260; M = 28 hours.
32. c. Use the FOIL method to multiply. This Set 47 (Page 92)
stands for the order by which the terms are 3 . b. Let x equal the amount of interest Samantha
multiplied: First + Outer + Inner + Last: earns in one year. Substitute: I = (385)
(3x ¥ x) + (3x ¥ –6) + (4x) + (4 ¥ –6); (0.0485)(1). Thus, I = $18.67.
3x 2 – 18x + 4x – 24. The correct answer is
3x 2 – 14x – 24.

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38. a. Let R equal Veronica’s average speed. Recall 45. c. The problem is to fnd J, Joan’s present age,
that for uniform motion Distance = rate ¥ in years. Begin by breaking the problem up
time or D = RT. Substitute: 220 = R(5) or into smaller parts: Joan will be twice Tom’s
220
R =  5 . Thus, R = 44 miles per hour. age in three years becomes J + 3 = 2T;
39. b. This is a special expression called a differ- Tom will be 40 becomes T = 40. Substitute:
ence of squares. The x terms cancel each J + 3 = 2(40). Simplify: J = 80 - 3, or J = 77
other out, leaving just two terms in the years old.
expression; therefore, (x + 5)(x - 5) is the 46. d. Cancel out the common factors of 3, x, and
correct factoring of the expression. y between numerators and denominators,
40. c. Each of the choices involves the same and then multiply across. The result is __ y4 .
12
numbers. The key to fnding the correct 4 . d. 3W equals water coming in, W equals
answer to this item is choosing the correct water going out; 3W minus W equals
signs. Look at the x value of the expression: 11,400, which implies that W is equal to
–2x. That indicates that when the x terms 5,700 and 3W is equal to 17,100.
are added, the result is -2. Choice c shows 48. a. Set up an equation using one variable:
this product when multiplied out: (x – 8) Jim = 2 ¥ Sally; Bill = 2 ¥ Sally; s + 2s + 2s =
(x + 6). 60; 5s = 60; s = 12. So, Sally is 12 years old.
41. b. Each of the answer choices has the same The problem asks to fnd Jim’s age; therefore,
slope and y-intercept, so you need to look at Jim is 24 years old.
the inequality sign. Since the line drawn is 49. b. You are asked to fnd x, minutes until the
dashed and shaded above the line, the sym- boat disappears. Recall that Distance = rate
bol used must be the greater than symbol, ¥ time or D = RT or T =  D
R . We are given
or >. This is used in choice b. D = 0.5 mile and R = 20 miles per hour.
0.5
42. d. By adding the two equations vertically, you Substitute: T = 20 = 0.025 hour. Convert
end up with 2y = 8, so y must equal 4. Sub- the units of time by establishing the ratio
stitute 4 in for y in either original equation 0.025 hours is to 1 hour as x minutes is to
0.025 x
to get x = 6. Therefore, the solution of the 60 minutes or  1 =  60 . Cross multiply:
system is (6,4). (0.025)(60) = (1)(x), which simplifes to
43. b. 150x = (100)(1), where x is the part of a x = 1.5 minutes.
mile a jogger has to go to burn the calories a 50. a. First, fnd out how long the entire hike can
walker burns in one mile. If you divide both be, based on the rate at which the hikers are
100 2
sides of this equation by 150, you get x =  150 using their supplies; 5 = 1x , where 1 is the
2(50) 2 3
= _____
3(50) . Canceling the 50s, you get . This
3 total amount of supplies and x is the number
means that a jogger has to jog only 23 of a of days for the whole hike. Cross multiplying,
mile to burn the same number of calories a 2x (3)(5) 1
you get 5 = 3, so that x = 2 , or 7 2 days
 
walker burns in a mile of brisk walking. for the length of the entire hike. This means
44. b. 5% of 1 liter = (0.05)(1) = (0.02)x, where x that the hikers could go forward for 3.75 days
is the number of liters of water in the result- altogether before they would have to turn
ing 2% solution. Solving for x, you get 2.5. around. They have already hiked for three
Subtracting the 1 liter of water already pres- days; 3.75 minus 3 equals 0.75 day for the
ent in the 5% solution, you will fnd that 1.5 amount of time they can now go forward
(2.5 - 1) liters need to be added. before having to turn around.

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51. d. Factor the left side of the equation and set 58. a. Let D equal the time Dee arrived before
each factor equal to zero: x2 – 25 = (x – 5) class. Choosing to represent time before
(x + 5); x – 5 = 0 or x + 5 = 0. Therefore, class as a negative number, you have: Jeff
x = 5 or –5. arrived 10 minutes early means J = -10,
52. d. If Jason’s price is 34 of Lisa’s, that would Dee came in four minutes after Mae means
mean that if $63 is divided by 3, the quo- D = M + 4, Mae, who was half as early as
tient will be 14 . Add this to Jason’s price, and Jeff means M = 12 J. Substitute: M = -5, so
the sum is Lisa’s price: $63 ÷ 3 = $21; $63 + D = -5 + 4 = -1. Thus, Dee arrived 1
$21 = $84. Lisa’s salon charges $84. minute before class time.
1
59. d. Substitute: 5 = (45)R( 12 ) or 5 = (45)R
Set 48 (Page 94) (0.0833). Thus, R = 1.33 = 133%.
53. b. Take the reciprocal of the fraction being 60. b. Let x equal the number of people remaining
divided by, change the operation to multi- in the room. You have: x = 12 - (23 (12) + 3)
plication, and cancel common factors or x = 12 - (8 + 3) = 12 -11. Thus, x =
between the numerators and denominators: 1 person.
6a2b ab2 6a2b 4c4 12ac3
 ∏ 
4c4 becomes 2c ¥ ab2 = b . 61. b. Let x equal the height of the ceiling. After
  
2c
54. c. Let x equal the number of oranges left in converting 24 inches = 2 feet, you have 2 =
the basket. Three more than seven times 0.20x or x = 10 feet.
as many oranges as fve is 7(5) + 3 = 38. 62. d. Let x equal the number of hours it takes
Removing fve leaves x = 38 - 5 = 33 oranges. Belinda to complete the job. In one hour the
1
55. b. The problem is to fnd x, the number of neighbor can do  38 of the job, while Belinda
1
ounces of candy costing $1 (or 100 cents) can do x of the job. Working together, they
per ounce. The total cost of the mixture take 22 hours to complete 100% of the job
1 1
equals the sum of the cost for each type of 38 (22) + x (22) = 1 (where 1 represents
or:  
22 22
candy, or M = A + B, where A = 100x, 100% of the job). Simplify:  38 + x = 1 or

 = 1 - , which reduces to  = .
22 22 22 16
B = 70(6), and M = 80(6 + x). Substitute: x 38 x 38
80(6 + x) = 100x + 420. Simplify: 480 + 80x Cross multiply: 16x = (22)(38), or x =
= 100x + 420, which becomes 480 - 420 = 52.25 hours.
100x - 80x, or 20x = 60. Thus, x = 3 ounces. 63. c. Let x equal the number sought. If there are
56. a. Let x equal the number of hours to wash seven times as many candles as nine, there
and wax the car if both work together. In must be x = 7 ¥ 9 = 63 candles.
one hour Dave can do 14 of the job, while 64. a. Take the square root of each of the values
Mark can do 13 of the job. In terms of x this under the radical: 81  = 9; x2 = x;
means: 14 x + 13 x = 1 (where 1 represents y2 = y. Therefore, the radical becomes


81x2
100% of the job). Simplify: (14 + 13 )x = 1 or 9x
y2 = y .
 
3 4 7 12
(
12 + 
12 )x = 1. Thus,  12 x = 1 or x = 
7, 65. d. Equations in the form y = mx + b have a
which is about 1.7 hours. slope of m. If each answer choice is trans-
5 . b. Let T equal the time it takes Sheri to walk to formed to this form, choice d has a negative
–1 7
the store. Since she walks at a uniform rate, slope: 6y + x = 7 becomes y =  6 x + 6.
you can use the formula Distance = rate ¥ 66. a. This is equivalent to the equation provided;
time or D = RT. Substitute: 5 = 3T or T = 53 . each score is divided by three.
Thus, T  1.67 hours.

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6 . a. To simplify the radical, frst fnd the square 3. b. You are looking for D, the number of
root of 64, which is 8. Then divide each dimes in the jar. Twice as many pennies as
exponent on the variables by 2 to fnd the dimes means there are P = 2D number of
square root of the variables. If the exponent pennies. The total dollar amount of coins in
is odd, the remainder stays inside the radi- the jar is T = 0.25Q + 0.10D + 0.05N +
cal: x5 = x2x and y8 = y4. Thus, the 0.01P. Substitute: 4.58 = 0.25(13) + 0.10(D)
result is 8x2y4x. + 0.05(5) + 0.01(2D). Simplify: 4.58 = 3.25
68. c. You are trying to fnd T, the number of + 0.10D + 0.25 + 0.02D, which reduces to
minutes it will take the tire to completely 0.12D = 1.08. Thus, D = 9 dimes.
defate. The formula to use is Pressure = 4. d. Substitute –2 for x in the function and eval-
rate ¥ time, or P = RT. In terms of T this uate: 5(–2)2 – 3 = 5(4) – 3 = 20 – 3 = 17.
becomes T = RP. You are given P = 36 psi, 5. b. You are looking for x, the hiker’s total trip
psi 36
R=3 per minute , and therefore, T = 3 .
  time in hours, which will be twice the time
Thus, T = 12 minutes. it takes to get from his car to the lake. You
are told that he travels two hours over
Set 49 (Page 96) smooth terrain. The time to walk the rocky
69. d. Let x equal the number of months needed trail is found by using the distance formula
to pay off the loan. First, convert 56 of a (Distance = rate ¥ time) and rearranging to
D 5
year to x months by establishing the ratio: solve: T =  R . Substitute: T = 2 = 2.5 hours.

5 x
 = . Cross multiply: (5)(12) = 6x or Therefore, x = 2(2 + 2.5) = 9 hours.
6 12
x = 10 months. Counting 10 months for- 6. d. Total pressure is equal to P = O + N + A.
ward, you arrive at the answer, the end of You are given: N = 4, O = 12 N = 2, and A =
1 2 2 2
December. O = ; so P = 2 + 4 + ; P = 6 psi.
3 3 3 3
0. d. Square each side of the equal sign to elimi- . a. You are seeking D, the number of feet away
nate the radical: (b – 4)2 = 52 becomes from the microwave where the amount of
1
b – 4 = 25. Add 4 to both sides of the equa- radiation is  16 the initial amount. You are
tion: b = 29. given: radiation varies inversely as the
1. c. Since there is a common denominator, add square of the distance, or R = 1 ∏ D2. When
the numerators and keep the denominator: D = 1, R = 1, so you are looking for D when
16 . Substitute: 16 = 1 ∏ D . Cross multi-
7w 1 1 2
z. R =  
2. b. You are trying to fnd x, the number of birds ply: (1)(D ) = (1)(16). Simplify: D2 = 16, or
2

originally in the oak tree. Ten more birds D = 4 feet.

landed means there are now x + 10 birds, a 8. a. Choice a is a vertical line, where the
total of four times as many birds means the change in x is zero. Only vertical lines have
oak tree now has 4(x + 10) birds. In the an undefned slope.
maple tree, 16 less than 12 times as many
birds as the oak tree had to begin with
means there are 12x - 16 birds in it. Set the
two equations equal: 4(x + 10) = 12x -16.
Simplify: 4x + 40 = 12x - 16 or 8x = 56.
Thus, x = 7 birds.

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9. d. First, add 4 to both sides of the equation: 8 . a. Let x equal the extra amount Timmy will
2 a + 6 – 4 + 4 = 6 + 4. The equation sim- earn by charging 25 cents instead of 10 cents
plifes to 2 a + 6 = 10. Square each side to per glass, which must be the difference in
eliminate the radical sign: (2 a + 6)2 = 102. his total sales at each price. Therefore,
The equation becomes 2a + 6 = 100. Sub- x = sales at 0.25 per glass - sales at 0.10 per
tract 6 from each side of the equal sign and glass. Substitute: x = 0.25(7) - 0.10(20) =
simplify: 2a + 6 – 6 = 100 – 6; 2a = 94. 1.75 - 2.00. Thus, x = -0.25. Timmy will
2a 94
Divide each side by 2:  2 = 2 . Therefore,
 lose money if he raises his price to 25 cents
a = 47. per glass.
80. d. Let F equal the fnal amount of money 88. b. Let J equal the number of miles away from
Willie will receive, which is his salary less school that Joe lives. You are given B = 5 and
the placement fee or F = S - P. You are given T = 12 B = 2.5. The distance between Bill
S = $28,000 and P =  1
12 S. Substitute: F = and Tammy’s house is (5 - 2.5). Since Joe
28,000 - 12 (28,000) or F  28,000 - 2,333.
1
lives halfway between them, you have:
Thus, F  $25,667. J = T + 21 (5 - 2.5) = T + 21 (2.5). Substitute:
81. d. The problem asks you to add 13 of 60 and 52 J = 2.5 + 21 (2.5). Thus, J = 3.75 miles.
of 60. Let x equal the number sought. You 89. b. Let V equal Valerie’s annual salary. You
have x = 31 (60) + 52 (60), or x = 20 + 24. know Pamela’s earnings are six times
Thus, x = 44. Adrienne’s, or P = 6A; Adrienne earns fve
82. a. The 90% discount is over all three items; times more than Beverly, or A = 5B; and
therefore, the total price is (a + b + c) ¥ 0.9. Beverly earns $4,000, or B = 4,000. Working
The average is the total price divided by the backward, you have A = 5(4,000) = 20,000,
0.9 ¥ (a + b + c)
number of computers:  3 . and P = 6(20,000) = 120,000. Finally, you
83. b. Let C equal the number of cherries. It is are told that Valerie earns 12 as much as
given that three apples and six oranges equals Pamela, or V = 12 P, so V = 21 (120,000). Thus,
1 1
C or 9 = C. Therefore, C = 2(9) = 18. V = $60,000.
2 2
84. b. Let L equal the number of gallons of gas 90. b. Let G equal Gertrude’s age. One-fourth
lost, which is equal to the rate of loss times Gertrude’s age taken away from Yolanda’s
the time over which it occurs, or L = RT. becomes Y - 14 G, and twice Gertrude’s age
Substitute: L = (7)(13 ) = 213 gallons. Notice becomes 2G. Combine terms: Y - 14 G = 2G,
that the 14-gallon tank size is irrelevant which simplifes to Y = (2 + 14 )G, or
information in this problem. Y = 2.25G. Substitute: 9 = 2.25G or G = 4.
Gertrude is 4 years old.
Set 50 (Page 99) 91. a. Let x equal the number of pounds of choco-
85. c. The problem can be restated as fve hours is late to be mixed. You know the mixture’s
to 24 hours as x% is to 100%. This is the total cost is the cost of the chocolates plus
5 x
same as 24 = 100 . the cost of the caramels, or M = A + B. In
86. c. Let x equal the number of pounds of white terms of x, M = 3.95(x + 3), A = 5.95x, while
four. The problem can be restated as fve B = 2.95(3). Combine terms: 3.95(x + 3) =
parts is to six parts as x pounds is to 48 5.95x + 2.95(3). Simplify: 3.95x + 11.85 =
pounds or 56 =  x
48 . Cross multiply: (5)(48) = 5.95x + 8.85, or 11.85 - 8.85 = (5.95 - 3.95)x,
240
6x, or x =  6 . Thus, x = 40. which becomes 2x = 3. Thus, x = 1.5 pounds.

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92. d. You want to fnd S, the rate Sharon charges 99. b. First, get the inequality into slope-intercept
to mow a lawn in dollars per hour. You are form by dividing both sides by 5. The
given Kathy’s rate, which is K = 7.50, and inequality becomes y ≥ 2x – 3. The slope of
you are told that S = 1.5K. Substitute: the line is 2 and the y-intercept is –3. In
S = 1.5(7.50). Thus, S = $11.25 per hour. addition, the line should be a solid line and
93. c. The problem is to fnd H, the number of shaded above the line. This is true for choice
1
years Hazel will take to save $1,000. You are b. Note that the line in choice c has slope _2 ,
told Laura saves three times faster than not 2.
Hazel, a ratio of 3:1. Therefore, 3L = H. You 800. a. Substitute the second equation for x in the
are given L = 1.5 years. Substitute: 3(1.5) = frst equation to get y + 2(3y + 5) = 3. Use
H, or H = 4.5 years. the distributive property and combine like
94. a. First, get the common denominator of 6a3 terms: y + 6y + 10 = 3; 7y + 10 = 3. Subtract
by multiplying the frst fraction by 3a2 in 10 from both sides of the equation: 7y + 10
the numerator and denominator. The prob- – 10 = 3 – 10; 7y = –7. Divide each side of
27a2 3w
lem becomes  6a3 – 6a3 . Combine over the the equal sign by 7 to get y = –1. Substitute

same denominator and cancel any common –1 for y in either original equation to get x
27a2 – 3w 3(9a2 – w) 9a2 – w
factors:   = 
6a3 6a3 = 2a3 .
 = 2. The solution is (2,–1).
95. b. Substitute 1 for x in the function: g(1) =
(1)2 – 4(1) + 1 = 1 – 4 + 1 = –3 + 1 = –2. Set 51 (Page 103)
96. a. Since the distance from the wall is known, 801. c. If two linear equations have the same slope,
the formula would be 5x + 2 = 10. To fnd x, they are parallel. When the equations in
start by subtracting the 2, giving 8; then, choice c are transformed to slope-intercept
 = 8, and 8 ¥ 5 = 40; therefore, x = 40 feet.
x
5 form, they become y = x  7 and y = x + 2.
9 . d. The problem is to fnd J, the number of The coeffcient of x in both cases is 1; there-
Jane’s toys. It is given that J = W + 5, fore, they have the same slope and are
W = 13 T, T = 4E, and E = 6. Substitute: parallel.
T = 4(6) = 24, W = 13(24) = 8, and J = 8 + 5. 802. d. Let I equal the amount of interest earned.
Thus, J = 13 toys. Substitute: I = (300)(734%)(
30
12 ). Simplify:
98. b. Let x equal the number of hours to paint the I = (300)(0.0775)(2.5). Thus, I = $58.13.
sign if both worked together. In one hour 803. b. You must write the problem as an equation:
Susan can do 16 of the job, while Janice can J = 6K and J + 2 = 2(K + 2), so 6K + 2 =
do 15 of the job. In terms of x, this becomes: 2K + 4, which means K = 12; J = 6K, or 3
1 1
x + x = 1 (where 1 represents 100% of the years old.
6 5
job). Solve for x: (16 + 15 )x = 1 or ( 5 6
30 + 30 )x
 804. c. M = 3N; 3N + N = 24, which implies that
30 x = 1 or x = 11 . Thus, x 
11 30
= 1. Simplify:   N = 6 and M = 3N, so M = 18. If Nick catches
2.73 hours. up to Mike’s typing speed, then both M and
N will equal 18, and then the combined rate
will be 18 + 18 = 36 pages per hour.
805. b. Let x equal the percent of students who are
failing. The percentages must add up to 100.
Therefore, 13% + 15% + 20% + 16% + x =
100%, or x = 100 - 64. So x = 36%.

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806. b. The fgure is a parabola in the form y = x2 813. c. Consecutive odd integers are positive or
that crosses the y-axis at (0,–2). Therefore, negative whole numbers in a row that are
the equation is y = x2 – 2. two apart, such as 1, 3, 5 or –23, –21, –19.
80 . a. If the mixture is 23 raisins, it must be 31 nuts, To fnd three consecutive odd integers
or 4(13 )  1.3 pounds. whose sum is 117, divide 117 by 3 to get 39;
808. d. To solve, rearrange, convert units to feet, 39 – 2 = 37 and 39 + 2 = 41. To check, add
and then plug in the values: A = (f times D) the three integers: 37 + 39 + 41 = 117.
∏ l = (0.5 ¥ 3000) ∏ 0.25; A = 6,000 feet. 814. c. You know the three species of songbirds
809. b. The denominator x2 – 2x – 15 factors to total 120, or A + B + C = 120. You know
(x – 5)(x + 3). Multiply each side of the A = 3B and B = 12 C. This means A = 32 C.
equation by the least common denominator Substitute and solve for C: 23 C + 21 C + C
of (x – 5)(x + 3), canceling common factors. = 120; 3C = 120; C = 40.
This results in the equation 2(x + 3) + 815. a. Two equations must be used: 2L + 2W = 32
3(x – 5) = 11. Use the distributive property and L = 7W. This gives 14W + 2W = 32;
and combine like terms: 2x + 6 + 3x – 15 = 16W = 32; W = 2, and L = 14; A = L ¥ W;
11; 5x – 9 = 11. Add 9 to both sides of the A = 2 ¥ 14 = 28 square meters.
equal sign: 5x = 20. Divide both sides of the 816. c. The fgure is a parabola opening down,
equation by 5 to get x = 4. so the equation is in the form y = –x2. Since
810. b. Let x equal the number of pages in last the graph crosses the y-axis at +1, the equa-
year’s directory; “114 less than twice as tion is y = –x2 + 1.
many pages as last year’s” means 2x -114, so
the equation becomes 2x -114 = 596, or
2x = 710. Thus, x = 355 pages. Section 6—Geometry
811. d. The problem is to fnd M, the total number
of miles traveled. You are given D1 = 300 Set 52 (Page 108)
miles; D2 = 23 (D1); D3 = 34 (D1 + D2). You 81 . c. A trapezoid by defnition is a quadrilateral
know that M = D1 + D2 + D3. Substitute: with exactly one pair of parallel sides.
M = 300 + 23 (300) + 34 [300 + 23 (300)]. 818. b. A cube has four sides, a top, and a bottom,
Simplify: M = 300 + 200 + 375. Thus, which means that it has six faces.
M = 875 miles. 819. a. A polygon is a plane fgure composed of
812. b. You are seeking F, the number of gallons three or more line segments.
of water in the barrel after the thunder- 820. d. The measure of an acute angle is less than 90°.
storm. This fnal amount of water equals the 821. a. The measure of a straight angle is exactly
initial amount plus the added amount, or 180°.
F = I + A. You know I = 4 gallons, and using 822. c. The measure of a right angle is exactly 90°.
the formula A = rate ¥ time, we solve for 823. b. Because parallel lines never intersect, choice
6 gallons 1
A = ( day )( 3 day) = 2 gallons. Substitute:
 a is incorrect. Perpendicular lines do inter-
F = 4 + 2 = 6 gallons. sect, so choice c is incorrect. Choice d is
incorrect because intersecting lines have
only one point in common.

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824. a. A triangle with two congruent sides could Set 53 (Page 109)
either be isosceles or equilateral. However, 833. c. The perimeter is 4 ¥ 4 = 16 feet (or 4 + 4 +
because one angle has measure 40°, it can- 4 + 4) for the square, and p times the diam-
not be equilateral (the angles would all have eter of 4 for the circle, or 4p feet. This is a
measure 60°). difference of 16 – 4p feet.
825. c. The sum of the angles on a triangle is 180°. 834. a. In order to fnd the amount of fencing, the
The two angles given add to 90°, showing perimeter needs to be determined: 120 +
that there must be a 90° angle. It is a right 120 + 250 + 250 = 740 feet.
triangle. 835. a. The perimeter of a right triangle is the sum
826. a. The third angle has measure 47°. All of the of the legs plus the hypotenuse. To fnd the
angles are acute, and all are different. There- missing side, use the Pythagorean theorem:
fore, the triangle is acute scalene. a2 +b2 = c2. The hypotenuse is found to be 5:
82 . b. Both the isosceles trapezoid and the square 32 + 42 = 9 + 16 = 25, and the square root of
have congruent diagonals, but only the 25 is 5. The sum of the sides is the perime-
square has diagonals that are both congru- ter: 3 + 4 + 5 = 12 units.
ent and perpendicular. 836. d. There are four sides measuring 4, and two
828. d. The three angles of a triangle add up to sides measuring 8. Therefore, the perimeter is
180°. When you subtract 42 and 59 from (4 ¥ 4) + (2 ¥ 8) = 32 units.
180, the result is 79°. 83 . c. The perimeter is the sum of the triangle’s
829. d. Squares, rectangles, and rhombuses are two legs plus the hypotenuse. Knowing two
quadrilaterals (have four sides), and each of the sides, you can fnd the third side, or
has two pairs of parallel sides. However, all hypotenuse (h), using the Pythagorean
angles in both squares and rectangles are theorem: a2 + a2 = h2, which simplifes to
90°. Therefore, only a rhombus could con- 2a2 = h2. So h =  2a2. This means the
tain two angles that measure 65°. perimeter is 2a +  2a2 units.
830. c. If the pentagons are similar, then the sides 838. c. To fnd the perimeter, you can double each
are in proportion. Because AB is similar to of the sides and add: 2(834) + 2(1,288) =
FG, and AB = 10 and FG = 30, the second 1,668 + 2,576 = 4,244 cm.
pentagon is three times as large as the frst 839. b. To fnd the area, multiply the length by the
pentagon. Therefore, HI is three times as width: 10 ¥ 6.5 = 65. The area is 65 square
large as CD, which gives a length of 15 units. feet.
831. c. The greatest area from a quadrilateral will 840. d. The rectangular portion of the doorway has
always be a square. Therefore, a side will be two long sides and a bottom: (2 ¥ 10) + 4 =
24 ∏ 4 = 6 feet. The area is 62 = 36 square 24. The arc is 12 pd = 2p. So,the perimeter of
feet. the doorway is 24 + 2p.
832. b. The area of the square is 4 ¥ 4 = 16 square 841. c. The sum of the side lengths is 7 + 9 + 10 = 26.
feet; the area of the circle is p(22) = 4p 842. d. Find the slant height using the Pythagorean
square feet. The difference is 16 - 4p square theorem: 62 + 82 = 36 + 64 = 100. The
feet. square root of 100 is 10, so that is the
measure of the missing side (the slant height).
The perimeter is, therefore, (2 ¥ 18) +
(2 ¥ 10) = 56 units.

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843. d. The length of the curved portion of the 853. b. Because the lines are parallel, the corre-
shape is 14pd, which is 4p. The linear por- sponding angles 1 and 5 are congruent.
tions are both the radius. So, the perimeter Since angles 5 and 8 are vertical angles, they
is 4p + 16. are also congruent. Therefore, angle 1 is also
844. c. The perimeter is equal to 4 + 7 + 13 = congruent to angle 8.
24 units. 854. c. The sum of the angles is 180°. The two
845. b. The sum of the sides is the perimeter of the angles given add to 103°, so angle ABC has
fgure. There are four sides that measure measure 180° - 103° = 77°.
6 inches, so 4 ¥ 6 is 24. Solve 40 – 24 to get 855. a. The distance between Plattville and Quincy
16 inches for the remaining two sides. is the hypotenuse of a right triangle with
Divide 16 by 2 since the two sides are the sides of length 80 and 60. The length of the
same measure. Therefore, x = 8 inches. hypotenuse equals 80 2 +6
02, which
846. c. The perimeter is equal to (2 ¥ 4) + (2 ¥ 9)= equals  6,400 + 3,600 , which equals
26 units.  10,0 00, which equals 100 miles.
84 . d. The angles labeled 120° are alternate inte- 856. a. The side opposite the largest angle is the
rior angles of the lines c and d. When the longest side. In this case, it is side AB.
alternate interior angles are congruent (the 85 . b. Two complementary angles sum to 90°. The
same measure), the lines are parallel. There- correct answer is 48°.
fore, lines c and d must be parallel. 858. c. Supplementary angles add up to 180°.
848. b. The 60° angle and the angle between angle F When given one and asked to fnd its sup-
and the 90° angle are vertical angles, so this plement, subtract the given angle from 180°.
angle must be 60°. The 90° angle is supple- The correct answer is 96°.
mentary to angle F and the adjacent 60° 859. b. The right angle is split into two comple-
angle. 180° - 90° - 60° = 30°. mentary angles. The given angle is 32°;
therefore, 90° - 32° = 58°.
Set 54 (Page 112) 860. b. Find the correct answer by dividing the area
849. b. Vertical angles are non-adjacent angles by the given side length, because area =
formed by two intersecting lines, such as length ¥ width: 72 ÷ 12 = 6 inches.
angles 1 and 3 and angles 2 and 4 in the dia- 861. c. The formula for fnding the area of a triangle
gram. When two lines intersect, the vertical is 21 ¥ the base ¥ the height; therefore, if you
angles formed are congruent. Therefore, divide the given area, 60, by the height, 15,
angles 1 and 3 are congruent. it will give half the base, 4. The base is 8
850. d. In order to form a triangle, the sum of the centimeters.
two shortest sides must be greater than the 862. d. This is the only choice that includes a 90°
third side. In choice d, the two shortest sides angle.
are 2 and 2; 2 + 2 = 4, which is greater than 863. c. The 135° angle and its adjacent angle within
the largest side of 3. the triangle are supplementary, so 180° -
851. b. The shortest side is opposite the smallest 135° = 45°. Angle B and the remaining
angle. The smallest angle is 44°, angle ABC. unknown angle inside the triangle are verti-
Therefore, the shortest side is AC. cal, so the angle within the triangle’s meas-
852. d. If two angles are 60°, the third must also be ure is needed: 180° - 60° - 45° = 75°, so
60°. This is an equilateral triangle. All sides, angle B also has measure 75°.
therefore, are the same length.
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864. d. If the fgure is a regular decagon, it can be 8 2. c. A regular pentagon is a polygon with fve
divided into 10 congruent triangles by lines equal sides; therefore, 90 ÷ 5 = 18 feet, the
passing through the center. Two such lines length of each side.
form the indicated angle, which includes 8 3. d. First, the radius needs to be found, which is
3 1
10 of 360° is equal
three of the 10 sections;   of the diameter: r = 47 centimeters; then,
2
to 108°. to fnd the area, square the radius and mul-
tiply by p. The correct answer is 2,209p
Set 55 (Page 114) square centimeters.
865. c. PQ and RS are intersecting lines. The fact 8 4. c. In order to fnd the perimeter, the hypot-
that angle POS is a 90° angle means that PQ enuse of the triangle must be found. This
and RS are perpendicular, indicating that all comes from recognizing that the triangle
the angles formed by their intersection, is a 5-12-13 triangle or by using the
including ROQ, measure 90°. Pythagorean theorem. Therefore, 5 + 12 +
866. b. The dimensions of triangle MNO are dou- 13 = 30 units.
ble those of triangle RST. Line segment RT 8 5. c. DE is 2.5 times greater than AB; therefore,
is 5 centimeters; therefore, line segment MO EF is 7.5 and DF is 10. Add the three num-
is 10 centimeters. bers together to compute the perimeter.
86 . b. Adjacent angles are angles that share a com- 8 6. b. Since the triangle is a right isosceles, the
mon side and vertex but do not overlap. nonright angles each has a measure of 45°.
Angles 1 and 4 are the only ones NOT adja- 8 . a. To get the height of the triangle, use the
cent, or next to, each other. Pythagorean theorem: 62 + height2 = 102.
868. c. To fnd the perimeter of a square, multiply The height equals 8. Then 5 is plugged in
the side by 4: 4 ¥ 18 = 72 feet. for the base and 8 for the height in the area
bh
869. b. This shape can be divided into a rectangle equation A =  2 , which yields 20 square units.
and two half circles. The area of the rectan- 8 8. c. The sum of the measures of the interior
gle is 4(8) = 32 square units. The area of angles of a hexagon is 720. In a regular
each half circle can be found by using the hexagon, each of the six interior angles has
formula A = 12 pr2. Since the diameters of the the same measure. Therefore, the measure
half circles correspond with the sides of the of one angle is 720° ∏ 6 = 120°.
rectangle, use half of these sides for the radii 8 9. b. Since the fve-inch side and the 2.5-inch
of the circles. For the half circle on top of side are similar, the second triangle must be
the fgure, the diameter is 8, so the radius is larger than the frst. The two angles without
4; A = 12 p42 = 8p. For the half circle on the congruent marks add up to 100°, so 180° -
side of the fgure, the diameter is 4, so the 100° = 80°. This is the largest angle, so the
radius is 2; A = 12 p22 = 2p. Therefore, the side opposite it must be largest, in this case,
total area of the fgure is 32 + 8p + 2p, side b.
which simplifes to 32 + 10p units. 880. c. If angle 1 has measure 30°, angle 3 must
8 0. c. An algebraic equation must be used to solve have measure 60° by right triangle geome-
this problem. The shortest side can be try. Because the two lines are parallel, angles
denoted s. Therefore, s + (s + 2) + (s + 4) 3 and 4 must be congruent. Therefore, to
= 24; 3s + 6 = 24, and s = 6. fnd angle 5, angle 4 must be subtracted
8 1. b. The correct answer is 24.84 feet. It is found from 180°. The answer is 120°.
by dividing the circumference by 3.14.
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Set 56 (Page 117) 891. a. Divide 420 square feet by 20 feet to get a
881. b. The sum of the interior angles of any trian- length of 21 feet.
gle must add to 180°. Also, the angles of the 892. a. Each nine-foot wall has an area of 9 ¥ 8 =
base of the triangle (interior angles B and 72 square feet. There are two such walls,
C) are supplementary to the adjacent exte- so those two walls combined have an area of
rior angles. This means interior angle B = 72 ¥ 2 = 144 square feet. Each 11-foot wall
180° – 80° = 100°, and interior angle C = has an area of 11 ¥ 8 = 88 square feet, and
180° – 150° = 30°. Thus, angle A must equal again there are two such walls: 88 times 2
180° – 130° = 50°. equals 176. Finally, add 144 and 176 to get
882. c. In a parallelogram, consecutive angles are 320 square feet.
supplementary. Therefore, the measure of 893. c. Multiply the given dimensions to get an area
angle ABC is equal to 180° – 88° = 92°. of 1,125 square inches.
883. d. Because one base angle of the isosceles tri- 894. d. Take the square root of 324 to fnd the
angle has measure 70°, the other must be length of one side of the square, which is 18
70° also. Therefore, since the sum of the feet. Therefore, the correct answer is 72 feet.
interior angles of any triangle is 180°, the 895. b. The surface area of the walls is four walls of
vertex angle is 180° – 140° = 40°. 120 square feet. This gives 480 square feet.
884. d. The diameter of the fan blade will be 12 The area of the door and window to be sub-
inches. The circumference is pd, giving a tracted is 12 + 21 square feet = 33 square
circumference of 12p inches. feet. Therefore, 447 square feet are needed.
885. c. The equation is 2pr = 12 pr2. One r term and This would be 5 rolls.
both p terms cancel to leave 2 = 12 r. Multiply 896. c. The area of a triangle is 12 base ¥ height. This
both sides of the equal sign by 2 to get r = 4. gives 12(4)(8) = 16 square units.
886. b. The circumference is 2pr, which is equal to
13.56p centimeters. Set 57 (Page 119)
88 . a. The top rectangle is 3 units wide and 3 long, 89 . a. The area of a parallelogram can be found by
for an area of 9. The bottom rectangle is 10 multiplying the base times the height, or
long and 23 wide, for an area of 230. These A = bh. The base of the fgure is 12, even
add up to 239 square units. though it appears at the top of the diagram
888. c. The perimeter is the sum of the lengths of and the height of the fgure is 4. The area is
all sides. Since the fgure is a rectangle, 12 ¥ 4 = 48 square units.
opposite sides have the same length. 898. b. Area is equal to base times height: 2 ¥ 4 =
This means the perimeter is 5 + 5 + 2 + 2 = 8 square units.
14 units. 899. c. Divide the perimeter by 4 in order to fnd
889. c. 13 (5 ¥ 3) ¥ 8 = 40 cubic feet.
 the side length, which is 17 inches; then
890. b. Similar fgures grow and shrink in propor- square that number to fnd the area of the
tion to each other. The larger square was square mirror: 289 square inches.
achieved by squaring the area of the smaller 900. b. This must be solved with an algebraic equa-
square. The length of the sides of the larger tion: L = 2W + 4; 3L + 2W = 28. Therefore,
square is 81 inches. 6W + 12 + 2W = 28; 8W = 16; W = 2; L = 8.
2 ¥ 8 = 16 square inches.

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901. c. The longest object would ft on a diagonal 906. a. The Pythagorean theorem states that the
from an upper corner to an opposite lower square of the length of the hypotenuse of a
corner. It would be in the same plane as one right triangle is equal to the sum of the
diagonal of the square base. This diagonal squares of the other two sides, so you know
forms one side of a right triangle that has a that the following equation applies: 12 + x2
hypotenuse the length of the longest object = 10, so x2 = 10 - 1 = 9, so x = 3.
that can ft in the box. First, use the 90 . b. The triangles inside the rectangle must be
Pythagorean theorem to fnd the length of right triangles. To get the width of the rec-
the diagonal of the square base: 32 + 32 = c2; tangle, use the Pythagorean theorem: 32 + x2
c = 18. Next, fnd the length of the second = 18. x = 3, and the width is twice that, or 6.
side, which is the height of the box. Since This means the area of the shaded fgure is
the square base has an area of 9 square feet, the area of the rectangle minus the area
each side must be 3 feet long; we know the of all four triangles. This is 12 ¥ 6 - 4 ¥
volume of the box is 36 cubic feet, so the (12 ¥ 3 ¥ 3). This equals 54 square units.
height of the box (h) must be 3 ¥ 3 ¥ h = 36, 908. c. Since the canvas is 3 inches longer than the
or h = 4 feet. Finally, use the Pythagorean frame on each side, the canvas is 31 inches
theorem again to fnd the hypotenuse, or long (25 + 6 = 31) and 24 inches wide
length of the longest object that can ft in (18 + 6 = 24). Therefore, the area is 31 ¥
the box:  182 + 42 = h2; 18 + 16 = h2; 24 inches, or 744 square inches.
h = 34  ~ 5.8 feet. 909. d. Find the approximate area by fnding the
902. b. The lot will measure 200 feet by 500 feet, or area of a circle with a radius of 4 feet, which
100,000 square feet in all (200 feet ¥ 500 is the length of the leash: A = pr2, so
feet). An acre contains 43,560 square feet, A = 3.14(4)2 = 3.14(16) = 50.24 
so the lot contains approximately 2.3 acres 50 square feet.
(100,000 ÷ 43,560). At $9,000 per acre, the 910. a. The formula for fnding the area of a trian-
total cost is $20,700 (2.3 ¥ $9,000). gle is Area = 12 (base ¥ height). In this case,
903. b. If the area of the circle is 100p square area = 12 (7.5 ¥ 5.5) or 20.6 square inches.
inches, its radius must be 10 inches, using 911. b. Since the area of one tile is 12 inches ¥ 12
the formula A = pr2. Side AB is twice the inches = 144 square inches, which is one
radius, so it has length 20 inches. square foot, one tile is needed for each
904. d. Each quilt square is 14 of a square foot; 6 square foot of the foor. The square footage
inches is 12 of a foot, 0.5 ¥ 0.5 = 0.25 of a of the room is 10 ¥ 15 = 150 square feet, so
square foot. Therefore, each square foot of 150 tiles are needed.
the quilt requires 4 quilt squares: 30 square 912. b. Solve for r: pr2 = 452.16. Divide both sides
452.16 452.16
feet ¥ 4 = 120 quilt squares. by p, taking p to be 3.14: r2 = _____ p  3.14
_____

905. c. There is a right triangle of hypotenuse 10  144. Take the square root of both sides to
and a leg of 6. Using the Pythagorean theo- see that r is approximately 12 inches.
rem, this makes the height of the rectangle
8. The diagram shows that the height and
width of the rectangle are equal, so it is a
square: 82 is 64.

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Set 58 (Page 121) 921. d. The formula for fnding the length of fabric
913. b. The height times the length gives the area of is Area = width ¥ length; 54 inches is equal
each side. Each side wall is 560 square feet; to 112 yards, so in this case the equation is
multiply this times 2 (there are two sides). 45 = 1.5 ¥ length, or 45 ∏ 1.5 = length or
The front and back each have an area of 320 30 yards.
square feet; multiply this times 2. Add the 922. a. The total area of the long walls is 240 square
two results to get the total square feet: 560 ¥ feet (8 ¥ 15 ¥ 2), and the total area of the
2 = 1,120; 320 ¥ 2 = 640; 640 + 1,120 = short walls is 192 square feet (8 ¥ 12 ¥ 2).
1,760. The total square footage is 1,760. The long walls will require two cans of Moss
Each gallon covers 440 square feet: and the short walls will require one can of
1,760 ∏ 440 = 4. Daffodil.
914. c. If the shorter sides are each 4 centimeters, 923. c. Find the area of the room, then multiply it
then the longer sides must each equal by the price per square foot: $23.50(14 ¥ 20)
(40 - 8) ÷ 2; therefore, the length of each = $23.50(280) = $6,580.
of the longer sides is 16 centimeters. 924. c. First, convert a tile’s inches into feet. Each
915. a. Take the square root of 676 to fnd the side of a tile is 0.5 foot. The hallway is
length of each side; therefore, each side 10 feet wide, but since the lockers decrease
measures 26 inches. this by two feet, the width of the tiled hall-
916. c. The total area of the kitchen (11.5 ¥ 11.5) is way is eight feet. To get the area, multiply
132.25 square feet; the area of the circular 72 by 8, which is 576 feet. Then divide that
inset (p ¥ 32 = 9p  28.26 square feet) sub- by the tile’s area, which is 0.5 foot ¥ 0.5 foot,
tract: 132.25 – 28.26 = 103.99, or approxi- or 0.25 foot; 576 ∏ 0.25 = 2,304 tiles.
mately 104 square feet. 925. c. Since the area of a rectangle is length times
91 . c. To fnd the size of the piece of glass needed, width, divide the area by the length to fnd
it is necessary to fnd the area of the space: the width: 432 ÷ 24 = 18 inches.
18 ¥ 32 = 576 square feet. 926. c. Since the waiter folded the napkin in half to
918. a. The area of each poster is 864 square inches get a fve-by-fve-inch square, the unfolded
(24 inches ¥ 36 inches). Kari may use four napkin must be ten inches by fve inches.
posters, for a total of 3,456 square inches Area is length times width, which in this
(864 ¥ 4). Each picture has an area of 24 case is 50 square inches.
square inches (4 ¥ 6); the total area of the 92 . c. The area of the dark yard is the area of her
posters should be divided by the area of yard minus the circle of light around the
each picture, or 3,456 ∏ 24 = 144. lamp. That is 202 - p ¥ 102, or 400 - 100p
919. d. The area of the picture is 475 square inches square feet.
(25 ¥ 19), and the area of the frame is 660 928. d. Because the radius of the half circle is 3, and
square inches. The difference—the area the it is the same as half the base of the triangle,
mat needs to cover—is 185 square inches. the base must be 6. Therefore, the area of
920. b. Divide the area, 54, by 12 of the base in the triangle is 21 bh = 12. The area of the cir-
order to fnd the height of the triangle: cle is pr2, which is equal to 9p. Therefore,
9p
54 ÷ 9 = 6 centimeters. the half circle’s area is  2 . Adding gives
9p
 + 12 square units.
2

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Set 59 (Page 123) 938. c. The Pythagorean theorem gives the height
929. b. The total area of the stores is 20 ¥ 20 ¥ 35 = of the parallelogram, 4; the area is 8 ¥ 4 =
14,000 square feet. The hallway’s area is 32 square units.
2,000 square feet. The total square footage 939. b. Since the top and bottom are parallel,
is 16,000 square feet. this fgure is a trapezoid whose area =
930. a. The surface area of the trunk can be found (top + bottom)(height) ∏ 2. After plugging in
by fnding the sum of the areas of each of the values given, you have (3 + 6)(10) ∏ 2
the six faces of the trunk. Since the answer is = 45 square units.
in square feet, change 18 inches to 1.5 feet: 940. c. The Pythagorean theorem is used to fnd
2(4 ¥ 2) + 2(4 ¥ 1.5) + 2(2 ¥ 1.5) = 2(8) + the length of the diagonal: 52 + 122 = 169.
2(6) + 2(3) = 16 + 12 + 6 = 34. Subtract The square root of 169 is 13 units.
the area of the brass ornament: 34 – 1 = 941. d. The shaded area is the difference between
33 square feet. the area of the square and the area of the
931. a. To fnd the area of the given circle, square 7 circle. Because the radius is 1, a side of the
and multiply by p. The correct answer is square is 2. The area of the square is 2 ¥ 2,
49p square centimeters. and the area of the circle is p(12). Therefore,
932. a. Divide the circumference by 3.14 to fnd the answer is 4 -p square units.
the diameter; therefore, the correct answer 942. b. The area of the rectangle is 5(4); the area of
is 42 inches. the triangle is 12 (3)(4). The sum is 20 + 6
933. b. To get the surface area of the walls, the = 26 square units.
equation is circumference times height. To 943. a. The formula for both is base times height.
get the circumference, plug 10 feet into the Both have areas of 16 square inches, so the
equation C = 2pr. This gets a circumference difference is 0 square units.
of 20p feet. When this and the height of 944. d. Since the area of a circle with radius r is pr2,
8 feet are plugged into the surface area plug in 6 to fnd the area: p(6)2 = 36p
equation, the answer is 160p square feet. square meters.
934. d. The perimeter is equivalent to the distance
around. Find the perimeter by adding all of Set 60 (Page 126)
the sides: 75 + 75 + 150 + 150 = 450 meters. 945. c. A circle is 360°, so 40° is one-ninth of a cir-
935. a. The area of a triangle is A = 12 (b ¥ h). Since cle. Multiply the perimeter of the track, 360
b = 2h, you have 16 = 12 (2h)(h) or h2 = 16; feet, by one-ninth, to get the answer of 40
h = 4 inches. feet.
936. b. Since the area of a rectangle is length times 946. c. The formula for fnding circumference is
width, divide the area by the length to fnd pd, or C = 3.14 ¥ 2.5. The circumference is
the width: 330 ÷ 22 = 15 centimeters. 7.85 inches.
93 . b. Area = 12 (b ¥h). To get the height of the 94 . d. The longest path will be a circular path
triangle, use the Pythagorean theorem: around the post. This will be equal to the
32 + height2 = 52, so height = 4. When this circumference of the circle, which is 2pr.
is plugged into the area formula, you’ll get This gives 40p feet.
an area of 6 square units for half of the
triangle. Double this, and the answer is
12 square units.

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948. c. The formula for determining the area of a 95 . c. A regular octagon has eight sides of equal
circle is A = pr2, where r is the radius of the length; therefore, the perimeter equals 8 ¥
tabletop. Since the diameter is 36 inches, the 13 = 104 centimeters.
radius is half of 36, or 18 inches. Using the 958. b. The perimeter of the room is 36 feet (9 ¥ 4);
formula, A = 3.14(18)2 = 3.14(324) = 36 ∏15 (the length of each garland) = 2.4.
1,017.36 square inches. So Bridget will need three garlands.
949. d. The formula for circumference is 2pr. In 959. d. Through trial and error, fnd dimensions
this case, the equation is 2 ¥ 3.14 ¥ 4.5 = that, when their sum is doubled, give you 38
28.26, which is approximately 2814 inches. centimeters. The correct answer is 10 cen-
950. b. The formula for fnding the diameter—the timeters ¥ 9 centimeters.
minimum length a spike would need to 960. c. The unpainted section of the cloth is 623 feet
be—is C = pd, in this case, 43.96 = 3.14 ¥ d; by 823 feet, because each side is shortened by
43.96 ∏ 3.14 = 14 feet. 16 inches (an eight-inch border at each end
951. b. The formula for determining the circumfer- of the side). To fnd the perimeter, add the
ence of a circle is C = 2pr, in this case, length of all four sides: 623 + 623 + 823 + 823 =
C = 2 ¥ 3.14 ¥ 25 = 157 feet. 2883 = 3023 feet.
952. b. The formula for fnding the diameter is
Circumference = the diameter ¥ p (C = pd): Set 61 (Page 127)
18.84 = pd, or 18.84 ÷ 3.14 = d; d = 6. The 961. b. Find the area of the pillow: 2.5 ¥ 1.5 =
diameter is 6 feet. 3.75 square feet.
953. a. To fnd the radius, take the square root of 962. d. The height of the triangle using the
the coeffcient, 49; therefore, the radius is Pythagorean theorem, 102 + height2 = 202,
7 units. is equal to 103. Using the area formula
954. a. The area of the dough is 216 square inches for a triangle, A = 21 (20)(103) = 1003.
(18 ¥ 12). To fnd the area of the cookie To fnd the amount of water the fsh tank
cutter, frst fnd the radius. The formula is can hold, or the volume, multiply the area
C = 2pr; in this instance, 9.42 = 2 ¥ 3.14 ¥ r, of the base by the depth of the tank:
or 9.42 = 6.28 ¥ r. Divide 9.42 by 6.28 to (1003)(10) = 1,0003 cubic feet.
fnd r, which is 1.5. The formula for area of 963. b. Facing in the exact opposite direction is turn-
a circle is (pr2); in this case, 3.14 ¥ 1.52, or ing through an angle of 180°. Therefore, the
7.07 square inches. So, the area of the cookie new compass reading will be 32° south of
cutter circle is 7.07 square inches. Divide west. This is equivalent to the complemen-
216 (the area of the dough) by 7.07 (the tary angle (90° - 32°) = 58° west of south.
area of the cookie cutter), and the result is 964. d. Since the ceiling and the foor are parallel,
30.55 or approximately 31 cookies. the acute angles where the stairs meet the
955. b. If the wheel has a diameter of 27 inches, the ceiling and foor are equal. These are also
circumference is p ¥ 27 inches. Multiplied supplementary to the obtuse angles, so
by 100 turns, the distance Skyler biked is 180° - 20° = 160°.
2,700p inches. 965. d. A 90° angle is called a right angle.
956. a. An isosceles triangle has two sides that 966. a. When the sum of two angles is 180°, the
measure the same and one that measures angles are supplementary or supplemental
different. Add them together to fnd the to each other. To fnd the supplement, sub-
perimeter: 8 + 14 + 14 = 36 centimeters. tract 35° from 180°, or 180° - 35° = 145°.
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96 . a. Since the bumpers are parallel, the angle 9 4. d. The total number of degrees around the
whose measure is needed must be equal to center is 360. This is divided into six equal
the angle in between the two equal angles, angles, so the measure of each angle is
or 36°. determined by the equation: 360° ∏ 6
968. a. The ladder makes a 54° angle with the = 60°.
ground, and the angle between the ground 9 5. c. An angle whose measure is greater than 90°
and the house is 90°. Since there are 180° in is an obtuse angle.
any triangle, 180° – 54° – 90° = 36° between 9 6. c. The Pythagorean theorem is used to solve
the ladder and the house. this problem. Forty feet is the hypotenuse,
969. d. For the ramp to go up 8 inches, it must have and 20 feet is the height of the triangle:
a horizontal distance of 8 feet or 96 inches. 402 = 202 + w2; w2 = 1,200; w = 34.6, which
Using the Pythagorean theorem, the diago- is rounded up to 35 feet.
nal distance D2 = 82 + 962 = 64 + 9,216 =
9,280. To get the distance D, take the square Set 62 (Page 130)
root. Since 9,280 = 4 ¥ 2,320,  9,280 = 9 . d. The height of the tree and the length of its
4 ¥  2,320 = 2 2,320. We can do this shadow are in proportion with Lara’s height
twice more to get 2 2,320 = 24 ¥  580 and the length of her shadow. Set up a pro-
= 2 ¥ 2 ¥ 4 ¥ 145
 =8145  inches. portion comparing them. Let x equal the
x 5.5
9 0. c. The vertex is the point where the two rays of 40 = 10 . Cross multiply to
height of the tree:  
an angle meet. get 10x = 220. Therefore, x = 22 feet.
9 1. c. The triangle created by the chicken, the cow, 9 8. a. The angle that the ladder makes with the
and the bowl of corn is a right triangle; the house is 75°, and the angle where the house
90° angle is at the point where the chicken meets the ground must be 90°, since the
is standing. Use the Pythagorean theorem ground is level. Since there are 180° in a tri-
(a2 + b2 = c2) to fnd the missing side of this angle, the answer is 180° - 90° - 75° = 15°.
right triangle. In this case, a = 60 ¥ 60; 9 9. b. To bisect a line segment, the bisecting line
c = 80 ¥ 80 (the hypotenuse is c), or 3,600 + must cross halfway through the line seg-
b2 = 6,400. To solve, 6,400 - 3,600 = 2,800; ment: 36 ∏ 2 = 18 feet.
the square root of 2,800 is 52.915, rounded 980. d. First, fnd the number of yards it takes
to 53. The chicken will walk about 53 feet to Mario to go one way: 22 ¥ 90 = 1,980.
cross the road. Then double that to get the fnal answer:
9 2. c. Since the ships are going west and north, 3,960 yards.
their paths make a 90° angle. This makes a 981. c. First, fnd the area of the brick wall: A = lw,
right triangle where the legs are the dis- or 10 feet ¥ 16 feet = 160 square feet. Now
tances the ships travel, and the distance convert 160 square feet to square inches—
between them is the hypotenuse. Using the but be careful! There are 12 linear inches in
Pythagorean theorem, 4002 + 3002 = dis- a linear foot, but there are 144 (122) square
tance2. The distance is 500 miles. inches in a square foot: 160 ¥ 144 = 23,040
9 3. b. The measure of the arc of a circle is the square inches. Divide this area by the area of
same measure as the central angle that one brick (3 inches ¥ 5 inches = 15 square
23,040
intercepts it. inches):  15 = 1,536.

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982. b. The midpoint is the center of a line seg- Set 63 (Page 132)
ment. In this case, it is 400 ∏ 2, or 200 feet. 993. d. The volume of concrete is 27 cubic feet. The
983. d. When two segments of a line are congruent, volume is length times width times depth (or
they have the same length. Therefore, the height), or (L)(W)(D), so (L)(W)(D) equals
last block is 90 feet long (the same as the 27. The length L is 6 times the width W, so L
second block). To arrive at the total dis- equals 6W. The depth is 6 inches, or 0.5 feet.
tance, add all the lengths together: 97 + Substitute what you know about the length
2(90) + 3(110) + 90 = 607 feet. and depth into the original equation and
984. a. A transversal line crosses two parallel lines. solve for W: (L)(W)(D) = (6W)(W)(0.5)
Therefore, if line E crosses line A, it also = 27; 3W 2 equals 27; W2 equals 9, so W
crosses line B. If line E is not perpendicular equals 3. To get the length, remember that
to line A, then it will also cross both line C L equals 6W, so L equals (6)(3), or 18 feet.
and line D, but this might not happen. 994. a. The amount of water held in each container
985. c. A perpendicular line crosses another line to must be found. The rectangular box starts
form four right angles. This will result in with 16 square inches ¥ 9 inches = 144
the most even pieces. cubic inches of water. The cylindrical con-
986. b. Since the houses all have even house num- tainer can hold 44p cubic inches of water,
bers, they are all on the same side of the which is approximately 138 cubic inches.
straight street. This makes them collinear, all Therefore, the container will overfow.
in a straight line. 995. b. The volume of the box is 144 + 32 =
98 . c. The sum of the measures of the exterior 176 cubic inches. That volume divided by
angles of any convex polygon is 360°. the area of base of the box results in the
988. b. To fnd the amount of fencing, you need to height, 11 inches.
fnd the perimeter of the yard by adding the 996. b. The volume of the briefcase is 24 ¥ 18 ¥ 6 =
lengths of all four sides: 60 + 125 + 60 + 125 2,596 cubic inches. The volume of each
= 370. Then, subtract the length of the four- notebook is 9 ¥ 8 ¥ 1 = 72 cubic inches.
foot gate: 370 – 4 = 366 feet. Dividing the volume of the briefcase by
989. b. The third side must measure between the the volume of a notebook results in 36
difference and the sum of the two known notebooks.
sides. Since 7 – 5 = 2 and 7 + 5 = 12, the 99 . c. Think of the wire as a cylinder whose vol-
third side must measure between 2 and ume is (p)(r2)(h). To fnd the length of wire,
12 units. solve for h, in inches. One cubic foot equals
990. b. The volume of the water is 10 ¥ 10 ¥ 15 = (12)3 cubic inches, or 1,728 cubic inches.
4(1,728)
1,500 cubic inches. Subtracting 60 results in Therefore, (p)(0.52)(h) = 1,728; h =  p ,
6,912
____
1,440 cubic inches. so that h = p inches.
991. b. The formula for volume is V = l ¥ w ¥ h; 998. c. The proportions of Daoming’s height to his
therefore, 8.5 ¥ 5.5 ¥ 10 = 467.5 cubic shadow and the pole to its shadow are equal.
inches. Daoming’s height is twice his shadow, so
992. d. To fnd the volume of a right circular cylinder, the pole’s height is also twice its shadow, or
use the formula V = pr2h. V = (3.14)(6)2(20) 20 feet.
= (3.14)(36)(20) = 2,260.8  2,261 cubic feet. 999. b. A dilation changes the size of an object
using a center and a scale factor.

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– ANS W ERS –

1000. c. Points B, C, and D are the only points that 1001. c. This problem can be solved using the
lie on the same line and are thus also in method of Similar Triangles. Assume both
the same plane. objects are perpendicular to the earth’s
surface. The sun’s rays strikes them at an
equal angle, forming “similar triangles,”
with the shadow of each as that triangle’s
base. The ratio of a triangle’s height to its
base will be the same for both triangles.
Therefore, you need know only three of
the four measurements to be able to cal-
culate the fourth. Let c equal the unknown
height of the pole. Let the height of the
sign, a, equal 8 feet, the length of the sign’s
shadow, b, equal 3 feet, and the length of
the pole’s shadow, d, equal 15 feet. By sim-
ilar triangles, ab = dc . Substitute: 83 = 
c
15 .
Cross multiply: (8)(15) = 3c. Rearrange:
8(15)
c =  3 . Thus, c = 40 feet.

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