MATRICES | 549

Solutions

8
CHAPTER

LOGARITHM

œœ SINGLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. log25 = 2a, log5 2 + ln53 = b

1 1 2ab − 1
⇒ + log5 3 =b ⇒ log5 3 =b − =
2a 2a 2a
 1 
log5 2   1
=
log3 2 =  2a
= 
log5 3  2ab − 1  2ab − 1
 
 2a 

2. ln5(ln5 + ln (x + 1)) = ln2(ln2+lny)

ln2ln(x + 1) = lnyln5
2ln 2 2 ln(x + 1)
⇒ ln25 + ln5 ln(x + 1) = ln 2 +
ln 5
 2 2 
⇒ ln25 – ln22 = ln (x + 1)  ln 2 − ln 5 
 ln 5 
⇒ ln(x+1) = –ln5  
1 4
⇒ x + 1 = ⇒ x = −
5 5
3. Adding log8(ab) + log4a b2 = 12
2

⇒ log2(ab) + 3 log2(ab) = 36

⇒ (ab)4 = 236

⇒ ab = 29 = 512
 550
Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

1
4. w = x24 ⇒ x= w 24
1
40
w = y40 ⇒ y= w
1 1 1 1
− −
w = (xyz)12 ⇒ z= w12 24 40 = w 60

⇒ log z w = log 1 w = 60
w 60

1  1
5. log 2  log 2 x  = log 2 ( log 2 x)
3  3
3
1 

⇒  log 2 x  = log 2 x
3 

⇒ ( log 2 x )2 = 27

⇒ log 2 x = 3 3

6. The number 2 log (2000)6 4 + 3log (2000)6 5

2 1
= log (2000)6 (4
= × 53 )
6

7. abc = b3 = 66

⇒ b = 36

Check a = 11, 20, 27, 32, 35

⇒ a = 27, b = 36, c = 48

2 3
8. (24 cos x) = (24sin x)
3 2
⇒ 24sin x + sin x − 1 =0
⇒ (3sin x − 1)(8sin 2 x + 3sin x + 1) =0
1
⇒ sin x =
3
⇒ cot x = cos ec 2 x − 1 = 9 − 1 = 8
2
 551
Logarithm

9. n = b2, 2b = n2
2
log=
b2
=
(2b) log n (n ) 2

10. log10 x(3log10 x − 2) =

1
1
⇒
log10 x = − or 1
3
1
log10 x = − is rejected
3
⇒
x = 10

SECTION-2
œœ ONE OR MORE THAN ONE CORRECT QUESTIONS
y
1. Let t = 3–|x – 2| 

y = t 2 – 4t

⇒ t2 – 4 t = a , t∈(0, 1]
(1, –3) 1
t

⇒ a∈[–3, 0) y=a O

t =2 − 4 + a  t ≤ 1
3− 3| x–|x−–22||= 2 − 4 + a

⇒ x =2 ± log 3 (2 − 4 + a )

2. (x + y) lnx = n lny  ... (1)

(x +y) lny = 2n lnx + nlny ... (2)

Divide (2) by (1)

ln y ln x ln y
= 2 +1 ⇒ = 2, −1
ln x ln y ln x

ln y
= −1 gives (x, y) = (1, 1)
ln x
Taking lny = 2 lnx ⇒ y = x2
 552
Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

2
⇒ x x + x = x 2n
1 + 8n − 1

⇒ x2 + x - 2 n = 0 ⇒ x=
2
1 + 8n + 1 − 2 1 + 8n 4n + 1 − 1 + 8n
& y = x2 = =
4 2

3. (2x + y)2 = x2 + xy + 7y2

⇒ x2 + xy – 2y2 = 0
⇒ (x – y)(x + 2y) = 0
Case I : If y = x, then

(3x + y)2 = 3x2 + 4xy + ky2
⇒ 16y2 = 7y2 + ky2
⇒ k=9
Case II : If x = –2y


⇒ (–5y)2 = 12y2 – 8y2 + ky2

⇒ k = 21

4. a128 + 128 =
log a log a 224
 a128 128 
 a ·a 

a = 224

(a )
128
aa
a128
= 88

128
⇒ aa =8

(a )
128
a128

⇒ = 8128

( )
a128

⇒ a128 = (64)64

⇒ a128 = 64
 553
Logarithm
3

⇒ a = 2 64
3
×256

⇒ 2 64 = log 3 b
2 64

212
 3  3× 26 192

⇒ b =  2 64 = 2= 2
 
 

5. If k < 0
Equation has only one root.
If k > 0, kx = x2 + 4x + 4
x2 + (4 – k)x + 4 = 0
D = 0 ⇒ (k – 4)2 – 16 = 0
⇒ k=8

 1000 
6. log 2a   =1
 b 
1000
⇒ = 2a
b

1000
⇒ b=
2a
(a, b) = (1, 500), (2, 250), (3, 125)
 554
Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

3(1 − log10 5) 3(1 − a)

=
7. log 30 8 =
(1 + log10 3) 1+ b

1 − log10 5 1 − a
log 243 32=
= log 3 2 =
log10 3 b

log10 3 + log10 5
log 40 (15) =
1 + 2(1 − log10 5)

1+ b a+b
= =
1 + 2(1 − a) 3 − 2a

SECTION-3

œœ COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS

Q. 4 to Q. 6.

Adding 3xyz –9 + log 5 (xyz) = 32 + 81 + 256

⇒ 3xyz + log5 (xyz) = 378

 f(x) = 3x + log5 x is strictly increasing ∀x > 0

⇒ xyz = 125

∴ log5 x = 32 – 125 + 3 = – 90

log5 y = –41

log5 z = 134

Q. 7. to Q. 9

2logx (2y) = 2log2x 4z = log 2x 4 (8yz) = K

K

2y = x 2
K
4z = (2 x) 2
8yz = (2 x 4 ) K
 555
Logarithm

K K
⇒ (2 x) 2 x 2 = (2 x 4 ) K
K 1
− −
3K

⇒ =
2 2 x=x 2 6

K
1 – 6 2
1 K
−1−
=y = 2  2 12
2 
 
K
1 6 2
5 5K
−2
= z = 2  2 12
4 
 
−5–2 1
=y5 z 2=
128
5 1 1
=
xy z = 1 43
27 2 6 26

SECTION-4

œœ SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. ax = (x + 1)2 

For tangency a = 2(x1 + 1)

ax1 = (x1+1)2 = 2x1(x1+1)

⇒ x1 = 1 ⇒ a=4

For eqn. to have exactly one root

a∈(–∞, 0)∪ {4}
 3 
 1 + 3x + x 
 3  1 + 3x + 3x 2 + x 3 
2.  3x + x 
= =
ln
 1 + 3x 2  ln

 2    3  2 3
 1 + 3x   1 −  3x + x    1 − 3x + 3x − x 
 2 
  1 + 3x  

 (1 + x)3 
= =
ln  3 3f (x)
 (1 − x) 
 556
Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

10 100
3. 1010 ≤ b ≤ 1010
100 10
N 1010
= − 1010 +=1 999...9000..01
 
(10 −1010 )(1010 −1)
100
times times
100 10
P = 9
+ 9+
9 + ...9
 + 1 = 9(10 − 10 ) + 1
100 10
(10 −10 ) times
= 9 (99...9 000...0) + 1
   
90 times 10 times

= 8999...9100...01
 
9 times
89 times

q = 8 + 9+9 + ...9
 + 2 = 10 + 89 × 9 = 811
89 times

4. x2 + 2x + log2(x2 + 2x) = 2x + 1 + log2(2x + 1)

Let f(x) = x + ln2x

f(x) is strictly increasing ∀n > 0

⇒ x2 +2x = 2x + 1

⇒ x2 = 2x
1
x = 2, 4 and one value of x lies in interval (–1, 0).
–1

∴ [x1] + [x2] + [x3] = 2 + 4 + (–1) = 5.

5. 8 × 27(33(log6 x −1) + 23(log6 x −1) − 63( log6 x −1) )

 
8 27 (3 3log6 x −3 − 1)(1 − 23log6 x −3 ) + 1
=×
  
 ≤0 
≤ 8 × 27

⇒ S = 8 × 27
 557
Logarithm

x2 + x x2 + x
6. log 6 > 1 ⇒ >6
x+4 x+4
x 2 − 5x − 24
⇒ > 0 ⇒ x ∈ (−4, − 3) ∪ (8, ∞)
x+4

7. n ∈ [2i , 2i +1 ) ⇒ [log 2 n] ==
i, i 1,3,5, 7,9

N = (22 − 21 ) + (24 − 23 ) + (26 − 25 ) + (28 − 27 ) + (210 − 29 )
2(210 − 1)
=2 + 23 + 25 + 27 + 29 = =681
4 −1
4
8. tan θ = 
3 0 + 5 3 ,0 + 5 4
5 5
max. value of 3x+4y = 3(3) + 4(4) = 25
θ
3x + 4y = c

9. If a, b, c are in G.P.

⇒ log a, log b, log c are in A.P.
Let log a = a, log b = a + d, log c = a + 2d
α + 2d α + d 2α
+ =
α α + 2d α + d
2 2
⇒ 4 =−3α − 9αd
hd
(α + d) (α + d) 2
7 logc b – 2(log
= c b)
2
7 −2
(α + 2 d) (α + 2 d) 2

(5α 2 + 12 d 2 + 17αd)
=
α 2 + 4 d 2 + 4αd
5α 2 − (9α 2 + 27αd) + 17α d
=
= 2
α 2 + 4 d α + ( −3α 2 − 9αd)

 |x|− 3   3 | x | +2 2 
10. 2 + log |x|
 3 | x | −2 2  =
log |x|  
   |x|+ 3 
2  |x|− 3  3 | x | +2 2
⇒ |x| 
 =
 3 | x | −2 2  |x|+ 3
 558
Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

⇒ x2(x2 – 3) = 3x2 – 8

⇒ x4 – 6x2 + 8 = 0

⇒ x2 = 4, 2, x = ±2, ± 2
11. Let log10x = a, log10y = b, log10z = g

a + b + g = 81, ab + bg + ag = 468

(a + b + g)2 = α 2 + β 2 + γ 2 + 2(αβ + βγ + γ α )

⇒ α 2 + β 2 + γ=
2
812 − 2(468)
= 5625
→ 1 75
⇒ =|
|V α 2 + β 2 + γ=
2
= 3
25 25
r+2
log 3   160 
160
 r +1  1 1 
12. ∑ = ∑ − 
log 3 (r + 1) log 3 (r + 2) r 1  log 3 (r + 1) log 3 (r + 2) 
r 1=

1 1 4
= − =

log 3 2 log 3 162 (log 3 162)( log 3 2)
13. 2x = 3y, 2x = 6.2y
⇒
3y = 6.2y ⇒ y = log 3 6
log 3 6 2
⇒
x ⇒ x = log 2 3(log3/2 6)
2 =3 2

 
⇒
x =  log 3 6 (log 2 3)
 2 
3
⇒
ab = 2 × =3
2

 4 
14. log α = log α 2 log α 2 logα (x +α−1)
 log α (2 x + α − 1)=
 x +1  log

 4
⇒ = 2logα (x + α−1)
x +1
 559
Logarithm

15.
= 4
a K= =
1 ,b K
5
=
1,c K
2 3
2 , d K2

⇒ (K 2 − K12 )(K 2 + K12 ) =
19

⇒ 19 and K 2 − K12 =
K 2 + K12 = 1

⇒ K2 = 10, K1 = 3

⇒ d – b = (10)3 – 35 = 1000 – 243 = 757

17. [ log 2 r] = m for 2m ≤ r < 2m +1

No. of values of r = 2m +1 − 2m = 2m
7
m

∴ ∑ m2 = 1538
m=0
∴ 1538 + 8(n − 28 + 1) =
2018
⇒
n = 315
2 1
18. ( log 2019 x) + =
2 log 2019 x
2
2
⇒ 2 (log 2019 x) − 4 log 2019 x + 1 =0
4
⇒ log 2019 x1 + log 2019 x 2 = = 2
2
⇒ =
x1x 2 (2019) = 2
(2000 + 19)2
= 1000K + 361

19. [log 2 n] = 2 K
⇒ 22K ≤ n < 22K +1
⇒ No. of values of n = 22K

[log2n] = 2, no of ‘n’ = 4

[log2n] = 4, no of ‘n’ = 16

[log2n] = 6, no of ‘n’ = 64

[log2n] = 8, no of ‘n’ = 256

Total no. of values of n = 340.

 560
Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

20. (log a b) 2 − 5log a b + 6 =

0

⇒ loga b = 2 or 3

⇒ b = a2 or a3

If b = a2 ⇒ a ≤ 44

If b = a3 ⇒ a ≤ 12

⇒ No. of ordered pairs (a, b) = 43 +11 = 54.

21. a112 r66 = 82006

⇒

a12 r11 = 21003

Let

= x
a1 2= , r 2y
⇒
2x + 11y = 1003
1003 − 2x
⇒
y=
11
⇒
x = 11k + 1, x ≤ 496

⇒
No. of x = 46

22. ( x log b x)3 = b56  ... (1)

(log b x)54 = x
 ... (2)
1

⇒
( x x )3
54 = b56
14
⇒

x9 = b56 ⇒ x = b36
From (2), we get
(36)54 = x = b36
⇒ b = (36)3/2 = 216