Operating Systems

MS Windows and its utilities

Chapters 2

IT Faculty Member's
outline

▪ Introducing the Operating System

▪ Types of Operating Systems

▪ User Interface

▪ System Utilities: File Management

▪ System Utilities: Other Jobs

▪ Practice on Windows 10

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 7-1 Introducing the Operating
System
▪ An operating system (OS) is a set of instructions that
controls all the computer’s functions.
▪ OS also provides an interface to the user to interact
with the computer
▪ Responsibilities:
❑ Manages the central processing unit (CPU)
❑ Manages computer memory
❑ Manages files stored on the computer’s disks
❑ Manages input and output devices
❑ Loads application programs into memory and programs

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 Types of Operating Systems
Real-time operating systems
▪ used to control large equipment, such as heavy
machinery and scientific instruments
❑ they require very little user interaction
❑ Hardware-Embedded
❑ Examples: Pacemaker, Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)

Single-user/single-task systems
▪ one person do one task at a time.
❑ Examples: MS-DOS , operating systems for handheld computers
e.g., PalmOS, Windows Embedded CE

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 Types of Operating Systems
Single-user/multitasking systems
▪ Allow the computer to perform several jobs at the same
time.
❑ you could use your computer to write a letter as it downloads a
video from the internet and prints a letter.
❑ Most desktop and laptop computers today use this kind of
system.
❑ Examples: Windows and macOS

MULTI-USER SYSTEMS
▪ Allow many individuals to use one large computer.
❑ Example: Unix

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 Types of Operating Systems
Mobile operating systems
▪ designed to maximize the efficiency of a smaller
touchscreen, limited memory, and limited storage
capacity.
❑ Apple’s iOS
❑ Microsoft’s Windows Phone
❑ Google’s Android

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 User Interface
▪ The operating system’s user interface lets the user start
programs, manage disks and files, and shut down the
computer safely.
▪ MS-DOS & UNIX used Command Line Interface (CLI )
▪ Modern operating systems like WINDOWS 10 and MAC
OS use Graphical User Interface (GUI)
▪ GUI of an Operating system as it appears on the
monitor screen is also called “desktop”

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 System Utilities:
File Management
▪ Utility software is a collection of programs that help
you maintain and repair your computer.
▪ File managers: Utilities for working with data stored on
computer
▪ A File is a collection of data that has a name and is
stored on computer storage (disk, tape, CD, DVD, or
USB)
❑ Data, programs, utilities are all stored in files,
❑ Files can be grouped together into folders (directories).
❑ A folder can be divided into subfolders.

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 System Utilities:
File Management
▪ You can use an operating system’s file manager to
perform several tasks:
❑ Create new folders or subfolders
❑ Move or copy items between folders or to other disks
❑ Delete files and folders
❑ Search for a specific file (by name, attribute or content)
❑ Launch applications

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 System Utilities:
Other Jobs
▪ Driver utilities: programs needed to operate
input/output devices such as a mouse and printer.
▪ Program utilities: allow you install new programs on
computer’s hard drive.
❑ In Windows 10: Apps & features/ Add & Remove Programs
▪ Backup utilities: automatically copy data from the
computer’s hard drive to a backup storage device, such
as an external hard drive or a CD.
▪ File compression utilities: programs that reduce the
size of files without harming the data.
❑ In Windows 10: WinZip

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Practical Tasks

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 Windows 10
Operating System
How do I turn on my computer and
start Windows 10?
▪ To start Windows 10, turn your computer on and
Windows starts automatically

▪ You may have to select an account and enter

password

❑ Windows password allows you to view, change, and delete

files in your document folders

▪ When Windows 10 desktop appears, your computer is

ready to use

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 What’s on the Windows 10
desktop?
▪ Windows desktop is the gateway to all tasks
performed with PC
❑ Screen seen when boot process is complete
❑ Remains in background as you use other software
❑ Use controls on Windows desktop to:
• Start a program
• Access information about your computer hardware

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 What’s on the Windows 10
desktop?

Program Taskbar Notification

Start Cortana File Icons Area
button Explorer

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 What’s on the Windows 10
desktop?
▪ Taskbar contains controls to help launch programs,
switch between windows, and access system settings.
▪ Start button provides access to:
❑ Programs
❑ Documents
❑ System settings
▪ Notification Area contains shortcuts for action center,
clock and other system tools
▪ Program icons gives one-click access to frequently
used programs

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 What’s on the Windows 10
desktop?
▪ Cortana is used for searching files and other items in
the computer
▪ File Explorer is used to manage files and folders:
❑ Change file or folder names
❑ Move files to different folders or storage devices
❑ Delete individual files or individual folders and the files they
contain

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 How do I use the Start Menu?

Live Tile: Click a tile to open an

app

Most
frequently
used
programs

Active user

File Explorer
Settings
Power
Options
Click on start button to
open start menu

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 Using Start Menu
▪ Power Options
❑ In order to shutdown or restart your computer, click the Start
menu and then click power button.
❑ Three options are available
❑ Shut down
This option shuts down the Windows 10 safely
❑ Restart
This option shuts down the computer safely and restarts the
computer immediately.
❑ Sleep
This is an energy-saving mode. All unnecessary components
are terminated
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 Creating A Folder
▪ CREATING A FOLDER:
❑ Navigate to the location where you want to create the new
folder
❑ Select the Home tab.
❑ Select the New folder button
❑ Type the name of the new folder and press Enter.

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 Creating A Folder
▪ OR:
1. Right-click a blank area of the window.
2. Select New and then select Folder.
3. Type the name of the new folder and press Enter.

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 Creating A File
1. CREATING A FILE:
1. Right-click the location in which you want to create the new file.
2. Select New on the shortcut menu.
3. Select the file type to create.
4. Type the file name.
5. Press Enter.

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 Deleting A File Or Folder
▪ DELETING A FILE OR FOLDER:
1. Right-click the file or folder you want to delete.
2. Select Delete on the shortcut menu.
3. Select Yes to confirm the deletion.
4. After Select Delete File Move To Recycle Bin

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 Deleting A File
▪ To Delete Permanently Select (Shift + Delete key)from
keyboard

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 Zipping Files And Folders
▪ ZIPPING FOLDERS:
1. Open File Explorer
2. Click the file or the folder you want to compress to select it, or
select multiple files.
3. Click send to and then click the Zip button
4. Enter a new name for the zipped folder, if desired.

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 Extracting Compressed Files
▪ EXTRACTING COMPRESSED FILES:
1. In File Explorer, click to select the zipped folder.
2. Click the Compressed Folders Tools Extract tab.
3. Click the Extract all button
4. Click Extract.

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Searching For Files And Folders
▪ SEARCHING FOR FILES AND FOLDERS
1. Open File Explorer
2. Select the drive or folder you want to search.
3. In the search box at the top right of the window, enter the name,
or part of the name of the file or folder you want to find.
4. Press Enter.

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 Changing Permissions For A
Shared File
▪ CHANGING PERMISSIONS FOR A SHARED FILE:
1. Open File Explorer
2. Right-click the file or folder.
3. Select Properties.
4. Select the Sharing tab.
5. Select Advanced Sharing.
6. Select Permissions.
7. Select options as desired.
8. Select OK.

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Changing Permissions For A
Shared File

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Changing Permissions For A
Shared File

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 Minimizing A Window
▪ Select the Minimize button in the top right of the
window.

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 Maximizing A Window
▪ Select the Maximize button in the top right corner
of a window that is not currently maximized.

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 Resizing A Window
1. Position the mouse pointer over the window border.
2. Press and hold the left mouse button and then drag the border.

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RESTORING DOWN A WINDOW
▪ Select the Restore Down button in the top-right
corner of a window that is currently maximized.

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 Configuring A Screensaver

▪ Right-click on the desktop.

▪ Select Personalize to open
Personalization settings.
▪ Select Lock screen in the
left pane.
▪ Scroll down and select
Screen Saver Settings.

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 Configuring A Screensaver

▪ From the Screen saver drop-

down list, select a screen saver.
▪ In the Wait box, enter a value
for the number of minutes to
wait before activating the screen
saver.
▪ Select the On resume, display
logon screen check box, if
desired.
▪ Select OK

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 Setting The Desktop Background
▪ Right-click on the desktop.
▪ Select Personalize to open Personalization settings.
▪ Select Background.
▪ Select the Background drop-down arrow.
▪ Select:
▪Picture and then select desired picture.
▪Solid color and then select desired color.
▪Slideshow and then select album where pictures are stored.

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Setting The Desktop Background

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 Changing The Screen Resolution

▪ Right-click on the desktop.

▪ Display settings
▪ Select the Resolution drop-down arrow.
▪ Select the desired screen resolution.

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 Copying Files And Folders

▪ Open File Explorer

▪ Browse to the drive or folder containing the file or folder
you want to copy.
▪ Select the files or folders you want to copy.
▪ On the Home tab, select the Copy button
▪ Browse to the destination folder where you want to
paste the files or folder.
▪ On the Home tab, select the Paste button

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Copying Files And Folders

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 Renaming Files And Folders

▪ Open File Explorer

▪ Select the file or folder to
rename.
▪ Right-click and select
Rename.
▪ Enter a new name.
▪ Press Enter

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 Setting Or Changing Account
Permissions
▪ Select the Start button
▪ Select the Settings icon
▪ Select Accounts.
▪ Adjust settings as desired

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 Setting Or Changing A User Password

▪ Select the Start button

▪ Select the Settings icon
▪ Select Accounts.
▪ Select Sign-in options
▪ Under Password, select
Change.

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 Setting Or Changing A User Picture

▪ Select the Start button

▪ Select the Settings icon
▪ Select Accounts.
▪ Select Your info.
▪ Under Create your
picture
❑ Browse for and select a
picture already
❑ stored on your device.

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