QUADRATIC EQUATIONS | 307

Solutions

QUADRATIC
1
CHAPTER

EQUATIONS

œœ SINGLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. sinx + cosx = y2 – y + a
y2 – y + a > ∀y∈R

⇒

⇒ a >
2. –2cos2x = a2 + a
For equation to have solution
–2 ≤ a2 + a ≤ 2

⇒ a2 + a – 2 ≤ 0

⇒ a ∈ [–2, 1]

3. Put =t

t–3– ≤0

⇒ ≤0

⇒ ∈ [0, 1] ∪ (2, 4]

⇒ x ∈ [0, 1] ∪ (4, 16]
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4. Let α, β be roots of the given equation > 0 ⇒ 4 – 3(α + β) + 2αβ > 0

αβ – 2α – β + 2 + αβ – α – 2β + 2 > 0

⇒ (α – 1)(β – 2) + (α – 2) (β – 1) > 0
If α, β both belong to (1, 2)

⇒ (α – 1) (β – 2) < 0 and (α – 2) (β – 1) < 0

⇒ <0

which is contradiction

5. x = ,y= , x + y = 5, xy = 1

x4 + y4 + (x + y)4 = (x2 + y2)2 – 2(xy)2 + (x + y)4

= [(x + y)2 – 2xy]2 – 2x2y2 + (x + y)4
= (25 – 2)2 – 2 + 54 = 1152

p3 + 1 (p + 1)(p 2 – p + 1) p 2 – p + 1
6. = = 2 =
(p 4 – p 2 )(p – 1) p 2 (p – 1)2 (p + 1) (p – p)2
7. (x – 19) (x – 97) – p = (x – α) (x – β)

⇒ (x – α) (x – β) + p = (x – 19) (x – 97)

⇒ Roots of (x – α) (x – β) = –P are 19 and 97
8. D = (a + b + c)2 – 4(a2 + b2 + c2) = –3(a2 + b2 + c2) + 2(ab + bc + ca)
= –(a2 + b2 + c2) – 2(a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca)
= –(a2 + b2 + c2) – ((a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2)

⇒ D<0
9. (a – 1)x2 – (a2 – a)x – (a + 2) x + a2 + 2a = 0
[(a – 1) x – (a + 2)] (x – a) = 0

The roots of equations are , a and ,b

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Quadratic Equations

For common root

= b ⇒ ab – b – a = 2
⇒ (a – 1) (b – 1) = 3
⇒ (a, b) = (2, 4) or (4, 2)
a b + ba

∴ = abba = 2442 = 256
1 1
+
a b ba
10. ∆1 = 1 – 4q1
∆2 = p2 – 4q2

∆1 + ∆2 = p2 + 1 – 4(q1 + q2)
= p2 + 1 – 4(p – 1)
= (p – 2)2 + 1 > 0

⇒ at least one of ∆1, or ∆2 > 0
11. x satisfying inequality ax2 + bx + c > 0 is (2, 3)

⇒ a<0

∴ x2 + x+ < 0 ⇒ x2 + x+ <0

(x – 2) (x – 3) = x2 – 5x + 6 < 0

⇒ = –5, =6 ⇒ b = –5a, c = 6a

∴ cx2 + bx + a < 0 ⇒ a(6x2 – 5x + 1) < 0

⇒ 6x2 – 5x + 1 > 0 ⇒ x ∈

12. kx2 – kx – 1 < 0 ∀ x ∈ R

k = 0 holds
OR
k < 0 and D < 0
2
k + 4k < 0 ⇒ k ∈ (–4, 0)
Hence, k ∈ (–4, 0]
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11 1 1 1 1 1  1 1 1 1 
13.  – + – + –  = –  – 
2 x x+2 x+2 x+4 x+4 x+6 5 2 x + 6 x + 8

⇒ =

⇒ x2 + 8x – 20 = 0

⇒ x = –10, 2

 1 1  1
14.  x1 +   x 2 +   x 3 + 
 x1   x2   x3 

= x1x2x3 + x1x 2 + x 2 x 3 + x1x 3 + x1 + x 2 + x 3 + 1

x3 x1 x2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x1 x1 x 2 x1 x 2 x 3
x12 x 22 + x 22 x 32 + x12 x 32 x12 + x 22 + x 32 1
= x1x2x3 + + +
x1 x 2 x 3 x1 x 2 x 3 x1 x 2 x 3

x12 + x 22 + x 32 = (x1 + x2 + x3)2 – 2 (x1x2 + x2x3 + x3x1) = –2(3) = –6

x12 x 22 + x 22 x 32 + x 32 x12 = (x1x2 + x2x3 + x3x1)2 – 2x1x2x3(x1 + x2 + x3) = 9

 1 1  1 9 –6 1 29
x + x + x +
⇒  1
x1   2
x 2   3
x 3  = –5 + –5 + –5 + –5 = – 5

15. Put x2 – 6 = t
(t + 1)4 + (t – 1)4 = 16

⇒ t4 + 6t2 – 7 = 0 = (t2 + 7) (t2 – 1)

⇒ x2 – 6 = ±1

⇒ x=± ,±
16. Adding we get
x2 + 6y + y2 + 4z + z2 + 2x = –14

⇒ (x + 1)2 + (y + 3)2 + (z + 2)2 = 0

⇒ x = –1, y = –3, z = –2
17. P(x) = ax(x – 1) (x – 2) ...... (x – 14)
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Quadratic Equations

18. Let α be the common root

⇒ α2 – 4α + k = 0 ...(1)
α2 + kα – 4 = 0 ...(2)
(2) and (1)

⇒ (k + 4)α – (4 + k) = 0

⇒ α = 1 or k = –4
α=1 ⇒ k=3
k = –4 gives both roots common
k = 3 satisfies the condition.

19. x4 + ax2 + bx – c = 0

⇒ 1+2+3+α=0 ⇒ α = –6
–c = 1 (2) (3) (α) = 6α = –36

⇒ c = 36
20. a4 + b4 = (a2 + b2)2 – 2a2b2 = ((a + b)2 – 2ab)2 – 2a2b2

 2 1 1
= λ + 2 − 4
 λ  2λ

1
= λ4 + +2
2λ 4
≥2+

21. x3 – x2 + x – 1 = 0

⇒ (x2 + 1) (x – 1) = 0

⇒ x = 1, i, – i

22. If x is a root, then is also a root

∴ maximum number of distinct real roots = 5.
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Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

23. ax2 + bx + c = a(x – α)(x – β)

∴ a + b + c = a(1 – α)(1 – β) = a 1 – m  1 – m +1 = a
 m – 1  m  m(m – 1)
m m +1 1
|α – β| = – =
m –1 m m(m – 1)

(a + b + c)2 = = a2(α – β)2 = a2 ((α + β)2 – 4αβ)

= a2 = b2 – 4ac

24. f(–1) < 0 ⇒ a∈

y=f(x)=x2 +(3a–a2 )x–3a3

f(1) < 0 ⇒ a∈ –1 1

Hence, a ∈ (1, ∞)

–3 2
25. –1 0 3

x– = 2a
from graph it is clear that
2a > 2 ⇒ a > 1

26. ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 px2 + 2qx + r = 0

2
αβ  α + β 
Also =
γδ  γ + δ 
c / a 4b 2 (p 2 )  b2   p   r 

⇒ = ⇒  q 2   a   c  = 1
r / p a 2 (4q 2 )
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Quadratic Equations

27. f(x) = ax2 – (3 + 2a)x + 6

–4
f(–3) > 0 ⇒ 9a + 9 + 6a + 6 > 0 ⇒ a > –1 –3 –2 –1 0
and f(–4) ≤ 0 ⇒ 16a + 12 + 8a + 6 ≤ 0

a≤–

⇒ a∈

28. Let P(x) = ax2 + bx + c

P(x) = x has no real roots

⇒ P(x) > x ∀ x ∈ R or P(x) < x ∀x∈R

⇒ P(P(x)) > P(x) > x ∀ x ∈ R or P(P(x)) < P(x) < x ∀ x ∈ R

Hence, P(P(x)) = x has no real roots

29. x + = 4a
2
–1
4a ≥ 2 ⇒ a ≥ 0 1
–2
α, β = 2a ±
α ≥ 2a

30. f(x) = ax2 – bx + 7

f(0) = 7 ⇒ f(x) ≥ 0 ∀x∈R

∴ f(–1) = a + b + 7 ≥ 0 ⇒ a + b ≥ –7

2
 –x   –x 
31. a   + b +c = 0
 x +1  x +1

−α −β

⇒ = α, β ⇒ x = ,
α +1 β +1
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Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

32. By observation put x = –1

(6a + 3b + 4c) – (11a + 8b + 7c) + (3c + 5a + 5b) = 0

∴ Equation has roots –1, –1

∴ (–1) (–1) = =1

⇒ a + c = 2b

33. f(x) = x2 – ax – b
f(1) = 1 – a – b = –4
and x → ±∞, f(x) → ∞
⇒ f(x) = 0 has two distinct real roots.

34. D ≥ 0 ⇒ a ∈ (–∞, 0] ∪ [4, ∞)

> 0 ⇒ a – 1 > 0 ⇒ a ∈ (1, ∞)

0

f(0) > 0 ⇒ 2a + 1 > 0 ⇒ a ∈

Hence, a ∈ [4, ∞)

35. Let f(x) = x2 + 2(P – 3)x + 9

D ≥ 0 ⇒ P ∈ (–∞, 0] ∪ [6, ∞)

<1 ⇒ P ∈ (2, 9) –6 1

f(–6) > 0 ⇒ P<

f(1) > 0 ⇒ P > –2

Hence, P∈
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Quadratic Equations

37. a2α2 + bα + c = 0 ⇒ bα + c = –a2α2

a2β2 – bβ – c = 0 ⇒ bβ + c = a2β2

Let f(x) = a2x2 + 2bx + 2c
f(α) = a2α2 + 2(bα + c) = –a2α2 < 0
f(β) = a2β2 + 2(bβ + c) = 3a2β2 > 0

⇒ ∃ root γ, such that α < γ < β

38. y =

⇒ (y –1)x2 + 3(y + 1)x + c(y – 1) = 0
D ≥ 0 ⇒ 9(y + 1)2 ≥ 4c(y – 1)2
If c ≤ 0, then y ∈ R ⇒ c>0

⇒ ((3 + 2 c ) y – (2 c – 3)) ((2 c – 3) y – (3 + 2 c )) ≤ 0

2 c – 3 3+ 2 c 

⇒ y ∈  , 
 3 + 2 c 2 c – 3

∴ =7 ⇒ c =2 ⇒ c=4

39. x = a – y2, y = a – x2

⇒ x – y = x2 – y2 ⇒ x+y=1

∴ 1 – x = a – x2 ⇒ x2 – x + 1 – a = 0

D ≥ 0 ⇒ 1 – 4 + 4a ≥ 0 ⇒ a≥
40. f(a) = –q2(a – b) – r2(a – c) > 0 c
a
f(c) = –p2(c – a) – q2(c – b) < 0
f(x) = 0 has 3 distinct real roots.

41. f(x) = ax2 + bx + 8 ≥ 0 ∀ x ∈ R

f(4) = 16a + 4b + 8 ≥ 0 ⇒ 4a + b ≥ –2
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Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

SECTION-2
œœ ONE OR MORE THAN ONE CORRECT
1. a – b + c > –4
a + b + c < 0 ⇒ –a – b – c > 0
⇒ –2b > –4 ⇒ b < 2
⇒ 9a + 3b + c > 5
–a – b – c > 0
⇒ 8a + 2b > 5
8a + 4 > 8a + 2b > 5

⇒ a>

2. f(x) = ax2 + bx + c ∈ I ∀ x ∈ I
f(0) = c ∈ I
f(1) = a + b + c ∈ I
f(–1) = a – b + c ∈ I
⇒
f(1) – f(–1) = 2b ⇒ 2b ∈ I

f(1) + f(–1) = 2(a + c) ⇒ a = – f(0)

⇒ 2a ∈ I
f(1) + f(–1) = 2k1 + 1 and f(1) – f(–1) = 2k2 + 1

or b= ,a= –k=

f(1) + f(–1) = 2k3 and f(1) – f(–1) = 2k4, ki ∈ I

f(2) = 4a + 2b + c
3. f(x) = ax2 – bx + c
f(0) = c ∈ I
f(1) = a – b + c = k1 k1, k2 ∈ I

f(2) = 4a – 2b + c = k2
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Quadratic Equations

a–b∈I
2a + 2(a – b) + c = k2

⇒ 2a ∈ I ⇒ 2b ∈ I
f(2k) = 4ak – 2bk + c ∈ I k∈I
f(2k + 1) = a(2k + 1)2 – b(2k + 1) + c = 4ak2 + 4ak + a – 2bk – b + c
= 4ak2 + 4ak – 2bk + (a – b + c) ∈ I
⇒
f(x) ∈ I ∀ x ∈ I
4. f(x) = x4 – 5x = 2a
f′(x) = 4x3 – 5
1 x
 1
 4 1 4
4/3
5 3

 5 3  5 3  5 3  5 3  5 4
f     =   – 5   = (1 – 4)   = –3   1

  4    4   4  4  4
4
5 3 5 3

4 , –3 4

 4

0 if  5 3 15
2a < –3   ⇒ a < – 3 10
  4 16
 4
  5 3 15
Number of roots = 2 if 2a > –3   ⇒ a > – 3 10
  4 16
 4

1 if  5 3 15
2a = –3   ⇒ a = – 3 10
  4 16


5. f(x) = = x2 + = –a
3
f '(x) = 2x – 22 = 2(x–1)
2
y x x

3
x
0 1

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1 if –a < 3 ⇒ a ∈ (–3, ∞)

Number of roots = 2 if a = –3
3 if –a > 3 ⇒ a ∈ (– ∞, –3)

π 1
6. |a| = sin =
4 2
Number of solutions
  1 1 
4 if a= ,– , – 1, 1
  2 2  1
  1   1 
= 8 if a ∈ –1, –  ∪ , 1
  2  2  –1 1
  1 1  –1
0 if a ∈ (– ∞, – 1) ∪  – ,  ∪ (1, ∞)
  2 2

8. f(x) = x ∈ [–2, 1]

Let g(t) = 2bt – t2 – 3b2 t ∈ [0, 4]

g(t) < 0 ∀ t ∈ [0, 4]
Case-I If b ≤ 0, then g(t) will decrease in [0, 4]

Maximum value of f(t) = f(4) =

Case
0 4

0 4

9. f(t) = t2 – 6bt + b2, t ∈ [0, 4]

0 4
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Quadratic Equations

maximum value of f(t)

f (4) = 16 – 24b + b 2 , 3b ≤ 2

=  2
=  f (0) b , b≥2
a + x–b a x–b
11. = =
b + x–a b x–a

⇒ ax – a2 = bx – b2

⇒ (a – b) (x –(a + b)) = 0

∴ x=a+b if a≠b
x ∈ [a, ∞) if a=b 12.
a > 0, b2 ≤ 4ac
b > 0, c2 ≤ 4ab
c > 0, a2 ≤ 4bc
⇒ a2 + b2 + c2 < 4(ab + bc + ca) [ All equal is impossible]
Also a2 + b2 + c2 > ab + bc + ca ( a, b, c are distinct)

⇒ ∈ (1, 4)

13. mx2 – 2(m + 2) x + m + 5 = 0 has no real roots

⇒ m ≠ 0 and D < 0 ⇒ m>4
For the equation
(m – 6)x2 – 2(m + 2)x + m + 5 = 0
D = 4 (10m + 4) > 0 for m > 4

⇒ Equation has two distinct real roots if m ∈ (4, ∞) – {6} and one real root if m = 6
14. Let α be the common root
⇒ 2017α2 + bα + 7102 = 0
and 7102α2 + bα + 2017 = 0
Subtracting, 5085α2 – 5085 = 0
⇒ α = ±1
Put α = ± 1, b = ± 9119
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Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

15. f(x) = (x – a) (x – a – b) – 1 a a+b

x
f(a) = f(a + b) = –1
y=–1
From graph it is clear that
root lie in internal (–∞, a) ∪ (a + b, ∞)

16. p + q = ...(1)

pq = (p + q) + 16 ...(2)

4pq – 15(p + q) = 64

(4q – 15) = 64 + =

⇒ (4q – 15) (4p – 15) = 481 = 13 × 37

4p – 15 = 13, 4q – 15 = 37 ⇒ (p, q) = (7, 13)

= 37 = 13 = (13, 7)
= 13 × 37 = 1 = (124, 4)
= 1 = 13 × 37 = (4, 124)
Only (p, q) = (13, 7) satisfy (1)
17. M = 3x2 – 8yx + 9y2 – 4x + 6y + 15
= 2(x2 – 4xy + 4y2) + (y2 + 6y + 9) + (x2 – 4x + 4) + 2
= 2(x – 2y)2 + (y + 3)2 + (x – 2)2 + 2

⇒ M>2

18. x4 – 2x3 + 2x2 – x = –

Let f(x) = x4 – 2x3 + 2x2 – x = x (x – 1) (x2 – x + 1)

f ′(x) = 4x3 – 6x2 + 4x – 1
f ″(x) = 12x2 – 12x + 4 > 0 ∀x∈R
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Quadratic Equations

y = f(x)
f′ = 0 1/2
x
0 1
Also f(1 – x) = f(x) 1,– 3
2 16
If ⇒ a≤

then equation has two real roots α, 1 – α

⇒ Sum of all non real roots = 2 – 1 = 1
If a > , then equation has 4 non real roots

⇒ Sum of all non real roots = 2.
19. a + b + c = 3a ⇒ b + c = 2a
abc = c3 ⇒ ab = c2 or c = 0 ⇒ a = 0, b = 0 or a = 3, b = 6
ab + bc + ca = 3b
(a,b, c) = (0,0,0), (3, 6, 0)
OR c2 + bc + ca = 3b = c(3a) ⇒ b = ac
b + c = 2a, b = ac, c2 = ab
b + c2 = a(b + c) = 2a2
2a2 – c2 – ac = 0 = (2a + c) (a – c) = 0

∴ a = c = b or c = –2a

⇒ b = 4a
4a = –2a2 ⇒ a = 0, a = –2.
(a, b, c) = (–2, –8, 4)
x3 + 6x2 – 24x – 64 = (x + 2)(x + 8)(x – 4)

4x 2 + x + 4 x 2 +1 31
20. 2
+ 2
=
x +1 x + x +1 6

4x 2 + x + 4 x 2 + x +1
Let = t ⇒ =t–3
x 2 +1 x 2 +1
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Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

 1  31

⇒ t +  =
 t – 3  6

⇒ 6(t2 –3t + 1) = 31t – 93

⇒ 6t2 – 49t + 99 = 0

⇒ 6t2 – 27t – 22t + 99 = 0

⇒ (3t – 11) (2t – 9) = 0
4x 2 + x + 4

∴ = ,
x 2 +1
⇒ x2 + 3x + 1 = 0 or x2 – 2x + 1 = 0

–3 ± 5
x= ,1
2

21. x2 + (x + 1)2 – 4x – a = 0

⇒ 2x2 – 2x + 1 – a = 0
D ≥ 0 ⇒ 4 + 8(a – 1) > 0 ⇒ a – 1 ≥ – ⇒ a≥
Put x = 0, a = 1
x = –1, a = 5
D = 0, a =

Hence, a = 1, 5,

22. Let x be the common root of equation.

x3 – 3x + b = 0 ...(1)
x2 + bx – 3 = 0 ...(2)
(2) × x – (1) ⇒ bx2 – b = 0 ⇒ b = 0 or x = ± 1.
Put x = 1, ⇒ b = 2
x = –1, ⇒ b = –2

∴ b = 0, 2, –2
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Quadratic Equations

23. 3x3(x4 – 10x2 + 1) – (x4 – 10x2 + 1) = 0

(3x3 – 1) (x4 – 10x2 + 1) = 0 ⇒ x =

x2 = 5 ± =

1
x= 3 + 2, − 3 − 2, 3 − 2, − 3 + 2, 3
3
24. a2 + (9x – 2x2)a + (x4 – 9x3 + 20x2) = 0

(2x 2 − 9x) ± 4x 4 + 81x 2 − 36x 3 − 4(x 4 − 9x 3 + 20x 2 )

⇒ a =
2
a = x2 – 4x, x2 – 5x
for real roots of x2 – 4x – a = 0, D ≥ 0 ⇒ 16 +4a ≥ 0 a ≥ –4

for real roots of x2 – 5x – a = 0, D ≥ 0 ⇒ 25 +4a ≥ 0 a ≥ –

for a > –4
x=2– ∈ (–∞, 2), x = 2 + ∈ (2, ∞)
5 − 25 + 4a 5 + 25 + 4a
x= ∈ (–∞, 1), x = ∈ (4, ∞)
2 2
5 − 25 + 4a
2– 4+a = ⇒ a = 0
2
5 + 25 + 4a
2+4+a = is impossible.
2
For 4 distinct real roots.
a ∈ (–4, 0) ∪ (0, ∞)
For 3 distinct rea roots.
a = {–4, 0}
For 2 distinct real roots.
a∈

For no real roots a∈

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Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

25. = kx y
y = |x – 1|
For tangency of two curves
y = kx
= kx1

and = k. x
O 1 x1

⇒ 2(x1 – 1) = x1 ⇒ x1 = 2, k =

From graph it is clear that equation has

one solution if k ∈ (–∞, 0] ∪

two solutions if k =

three solutions if k ∈

26. Put sinx = t

⇒ m= t ∈ [–1, 1]

28. x2 – ax – bx + ab = 0 ⇒ x = a, b
Put x = a in ax2 – px + ab = 0 ⇒ p = a2 + b
Put x = b in ax2 – px + ab = 0 ⇒ p = a + ab
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Quadratic Equations

29. = 3x – 4x3

Put x = sinθ ⇒ sin 3θ =

sin10º is a root ⇒ sin30º =

∴ sin3θ = sin(360º + 30º) = sin(720 + 30º)

⇒ 3θ = 390º, 750º

⇒ θ = 130º, 250º

30. x3 – ax + b = 0 α+β+γ=0
αβ + βγ + γα = –a
αβγ = –b
Equation will have 2 positive and 1 negative root.

Let γ < 0 < α ≤ β and |α| ≤ |β| ≤ |γ|

b – aα = –αβγ + α(αβ + βγ + γα)
= α2β + α2γ
= – α3 < 0

⇒ <α

3b – 2aα = –3αβγ + 2α(αβ + βγ + γα)

= – αβγ + 2(α2β + α2γ)
= α
= –α(2β2 + 2γ2 + 5βγ)
= – α(2β + γ)(β + 2γ)
= –α(β – α)(γ – α) ≤ 0

⇒
≤α
 326
Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

31. D1 = b2 – 4ac and D2 = b2 – 4ac

⇒ D1 < 0 and D2 < 0
⇒ Equation have both roots common

⇒ a = c and b2 < 4ac = 4a2
–2|a| < |b| < 2|a|
32. Let f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
f(–2) < 0 ⇒ 4a – 2b + c < 0
⇒ 4a + c < 2b
and f(2) < 0 ⇒ 4a + 2b + c < 0
⇒ 4a + c < –2b

∴ 4a + c < –2|b|.
(ax – b)(dx – c)
33. y =
(bx – a) (cx – d)

⇒ (ybc – ad) x2 – (bd + ac) (y – 1)x + (ady – bc) = 0

⇒ (bd + ac)2 (y – 1)2 – 4(ybc – ad) (ady – bc) ≥ 0
⇒ y2(bd – ac)2 + 2y(2a2d2 + 2b2c2 – (bd + ac)2) + (bd – ac)2 ≥ 0 ∀ y ∈ R


⇒ (2a2d2 + 2b2c2 – (bd + ac)2) – (bd – ac)4 ≤ 0

⇒ 4(a2d2 + b2c2 – b2d2 – a2c2) (a2d2 + b2c2 – 2abcd) ≤ 0

⇒ (a2 – b2) (c2 – d2) (ad – bc)2 ≥ 0

⇒ (a2 – b2) (c2 – d2) > 0

34. (x – (1 – a)) < 0 ∀ x ∈ [–1, 1]

Let f(x) = (x – (1 – a))

 327
Quadratic Equations

f(–1) < 0 ⇒

 –1 – 5   –1 + 5 
⇒ a ∈  – ∞,  ∪  0, ∪ (2, ∞)
 2   2 

 a 2 – a –1
and f(1) < 0 ⇒ a  >0
 a 

 1 – 5   1+ 5 

⇒ a ∈  – ∞,  ∪ , ∞
 2   2 
 –1 – 5 
Hence, a ∈  – ∞, ∪ (2, ∞).
 2 
35. x2 + 4x + 3 – α ≤ 0

⇒ x ∈ [–2 – , –2 + ]
and x2 – 2x – (3 – 6α) ≤ 0

⇒ x ∈ 1 – 4 – 6α ,1 + 4 – 6α 

α = –1 satisfy the condition

α= doesn’t satisfy

If α∈

–2 + =1–

⇒ 7α + 6 = 6 ⇒ α≥–

⇒ 49α2 + 48α = 0

⇒ α = 0,

6
α= is rejected [ α ≥ – ]
7
Hence, α = 0, –1
 328
Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

36. f(x) = b2x2 – Dx – 4ac

f(1) = b2 – 4ac – D = 0

other root = which is also rational

∴ roots of f(x) = 0 are 1 and

37. x1x2x3x4 = 81
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 12

x1 + x 2 + x 3 + x 4

⇒ = (x1x2x3x4)1/4
4

⇒ x1 = x2 = x3 = x4 = 3

⇒ (x – 3)4 = 0 = x4 – 12x3 + 54x2 – 108x + 81 = 0

a = 54, b = –108

38. x2 + ax + 2 = 0 α + β = –a αβ = 2

x2 + bx + 6 = 0 β + γ = –b βγ = 6

x2 + cx + 3 = 0 γ + α = –c γα = 3

⇒ (αβγ)2 = 36 ⇒ αβγ = ±6

If αβγ = 6, α = 1, β = 2, γ = 3, a + b + c = –2(3 + 3) = –12

If αβγ = –6, α = –1, β = –2, γ = –3, a + b + c = 12

 329
Quadratic Equations

39. D < 0 ⇒ p2 – q < 0

= –1 ⇒ x1x2 = –λ2

λ = x2 – 2px + q ⇒ x2 – 2px + q – λ = 0

⇒ q – λ = –λ2 ⇒ q = λ – λ2 ≤
2
n n
 
40. S2 =
2
i
=i 1 =i 1
∑ α=  ∑ α i  – 21≤∑
i < j≤ n
∑ α i α j = 0 – 2(0) = 0

⇒ All roots can not be real

αin = –pαi2 – qαi – r

Put i = 1, 2, ..., n and add

⇒ Sn = –pS2 – qS1 –nr

Sn = –p(0) – q(0) – nr

⇒ Sn = –nr

41. Let tanD be the fourth root

S1 – S3
⇒ tan(A + B + C + D) = tan(π + D) = tanD =
1 – S2 + S4

⇒ tanD =

tanA tanB tanC = tanA + tanB + tanC

⇒ = p – tanD

⇒ tan2D – p tanD + s = 0

p ± p 2 – 4s
⇒ tanD =
2
 330
Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

SECTION-3
œœ COMPRHENSION BASED QUESTIONS

Comprehension (Q.1 To Q.3):

Let f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

f(0) = c, f(1) = a + b + c, f(–1) = a – b + c

f (1) – f (–1) f (1) + f (–1)

b= ,a= – f(0)
2 2
Maximum value of ax + b = a + b = 2

⇒ f(1) – f(0) = 2
f(1) – f(0) ≤ 1 – (–1)

⇒ f(1) = 1 and f(0) = –1 ⇒ c = –1
Least value of f(x) = f(0) = –1

⇒ =0 ⇒ b=0

⇒ f(1) = f(–1) = 1

∴ a=2

Comprhension (Q.4 to Q.6) :

f(x) – f(–x) = 2x3 + 2bx
|f(x) – f(–x)| ≤ |f(x)| + |f(–x)| ≤ 4

∴ |x3 + bx| ≤ 2
Put x = 1, |1 + b| ≤ 2 ⇒ –3 ≤ b ≤ 1
Put x = 2, |8 + 2b| ≤ 2 ⇒ –5 ≤ b ≤ –3

∴ b = –3 ⇒ f(x) = x3 + ax2 – 3x + c
f(2) = 4a + c + 2 ⇒ 4a + c = f(2) – 2 ≤ 0
 331
Quadratic Equations

f(–2) = 4a + c – 2 ⇒ 4a + c = f(–2) + 2 ≥ 0
⇒ 4a + c = 0 ...(1)
f(1) = a + c – 2 ⇒ a + c = f(1) + 2 ≥ 0
f(–1) = a + c + 2 ⇒ a + c = f(–1) – 2 ≤ 0
⇒ a + c = 0 ...(2)
From (1) and (2), a = 0, c = 0

∴ f(x) = x3 – 3x

Comprhension (Q.7 to Q.8) :

f(1) = 1 + a + b + c = g(1) = 0

∴ Let x3 + ax2 + bx + c = 0

∴ 1 + α + β = –a αβ = –c
1 + α2 + β2 = –b (αβ)2 = –a
–a = c2
a2 = (1 + α + β)2 = (1 + α2 + β2) + 2(α + β + αβ)
a2 = –b + 2(–a – 1 – c)
= –b + 2b = b
–a = c2, b = a2 = c4

Also 1+a+b+c=0

⇒ 1 – c2 + c4 + c = 0
⇒ (1 + c) + c2(c – 1) (c + 1) = 0


⇒ (1 + c) (1 + c3 – c2) = 0
c = –1, b = 1, a = –1
 332
Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

Comprhension (Q.9 to Q.11) :

Put x2 = t
t2 – (k – 1) t + 2 – k = 0

k= t≥0
From graph it is clear that
k ∈ {2 – 1} ∪ (2, ∞), 2 real and distinct roots
k ∈ {2}, 3 real and distinct roots
k ∈ (2 – 1, 2), 4 real and distinct roots.

Comprhension (Q.14 to Q.15) :

tanθ = t > 0 ∀θ∈

f(t) = t2 + t + 3 + a(t – 1), t > 0

14. –a < ∀t>1

–a > ∀ t ∈ (0, 1)

∴ –a < 3 + 2 and –a ≥ –3

⇒ a ∈ (–3 –2 , 3]
15. f(1) = 5
⇒ a∈φ

Comprhension (Q.19 to Q.21) :

x 4 – x3 + x 2 – x + 1
= –α
x3 + x
From graph it is clear that
19. α ∈ φ
 333
Quadratic Equations

20. –α <

⇒ α>

21. < –α <

⇒ <α<

Comprhension (Q.22 to Q.23) :

22. x2 – ax + b = 0 x2 – px + q = 0

α2 – aα + b = 0

α2 – pα + q = 0
substracting
(p – a)α + b – q = 0 ⇒ α=
α + β = a, αβ = b

α+ = p, =q

⇒ (αβ) = bq = α2

∴ = bq

⇒ (q – b)2 = bq (p – a)2

23. x2 – ax + b = 0 x2 – px + q = 0
α + β = a αβ = b
2α = p α2 = q

b + q = α(β + α) = (a) ⇒ b+q=

 334
Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

Comprhension (Q.24 to Q.26) :

x4 – 5x3 + ax2 + bx + c = 0

α+β+6=5 ⇒ α + β = –1

(3 + ) (3 – ) + αβ + (α + β) [(3 + ) + (3 – )] = a

⇒ 7 + αβ – 6 = a ⇒ αβ = a – 1
αβ(3 + ) + (3 – )) + (3 + ) (3 – ) (α + β) = –b
6αβ + 7(–1) = –b

⇒ αβ =

αβ(3 + ) (3 – )=c

⇒ αβ =

∴ x2 + x + (a – 1) = 0

D ≥ 0 ⇒ 1 – 4(a – 1) ≥ 0 ⇒ a≤

Also x2 + x + =0

D ≥ 0 ⇒ 1– ≥0 ⇒ b≥

Also x2 + x + =0

D ≥ 0 ⇒ 1– ≥0 ⇒ c≤

Put a = ,b= ,c=

 335
Quadratic Equations

x4 – 5x3 + x2 + x+ =0

Roots are 3 + ,3– ,

Comprhension (Q.27 to Q.29) :

– = x1 + x2

(1)
b = x1x2 + x3x4 + (x1 + x2)(x3 + x4) = x1x2 + x3x4 +

(2) –c = x1x2(x3 + x4) + x3x4(x1 + x2) = – (x1x2 + x3x4)

(1) × + (2)

⇒ –c=

27. Put a = 2
b–c=1
a 3 ab
28. f(a) = – +c
8 2
3a 2 b
f’(a) = – >0 ∀a∈R [  b < 0]
8 2

∴ f(a) = 0 holds for only one real value of ‘a’.
a3 a
29.
– (1 – c) + c = 0
8 2

⇒ a3 – 4a + 4ac + 8c = 0

⇒ a(a + 2) (a – 2) + 4c(a + 2) = 0

⇒ a2 – 2a + 4c = 0

⇒ c =

⇒ c ∈
 336
Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

Comprhension (Q.30 to Q.31) :

30. x4 + ax3 + bx2 + ax + 1 = (x2 + kx + 1)2

⇒ a = 2k, b = k2 + 2

⇒ a + b = (k + 1)2 + 1 ≥ 1

31. x4 + ax3 – x2 + ax + 1 = 0

⇒ –a =

Hence, a∈

Comprhension (Q.32 to Q.33) :

32. (x2 + x2)2 – 2x1x2 = 6

⇒ (m – 4)2 – 2(m2 – 3m + 3) = 6

⇒ m2 + 2m – 4 = 0

⇒ m = –1 ±
Also D ≥ 0 ⇒ (m – 4)2 – 4(m2 – 3m + 3) ≥ 0

⇒ 3m2 – 4m – 4 ≤ 0 ⇒ m ∈
Hence m =
mx12 mx 22 m ( x12 + x 22 – x1 x 2 (x1 + x 2 ) )
33. + =
1 – x1 1 – x 2 (1 – x1 )(1 – x 2 )
m ( (m – 4) 2 – 2(m 2 – 3m + 3) + (m – 4)(m 2 – 3m + 3) )
=
1 + (m – 4) + m 2 – 3m + 3

m3 – 8m 2 +13m – 2
=
m–2
= m2 – 6m + 1 m∈
 337
Quadratic Equations

22 – 6(2) + 9 < m2 – 6m + 9 ≤

1 < m2 – 6m + 1 ≤

Comprhension (Q.34 to Q.35) :

x 2 + 4x + 3

y= 2 ⇒ (y – 1)x2 + (7y – 4)x + (14y – 3) = 0
x + 7x +14
D ≥ 49y2 + 16 – 56y – 4(14y2 – 17y + 3) ≥ 0

⇒ 7y2 – 12y – 4 ≤ 0

⇒ (7y + 2)(y – 2) ≤ 0

y∈

Maximum value of f(x) is 2 at x = –5

x 2 – 5x +10
Now let y = ⇒ (y – 1)x2 + 5(y + 1)x + 10(2y – 1) = 0
x 2 + 5x + 20

D ≥ 0 ⇒ 5(y + 1)2 – 8(2y2 – 3y + 1) ≥ 0

⇒ 11y2 – 34y + 3 ≤ 0

⇒ (11y – 1)(y – 3) ≤ 0

⇒ y ∈

∴ Maximum value of g(x) is 3 at x = –5

⇒ Maximum value of (g(x))f(x) = 32 = 9.

 338
Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

SECTION-4
œœ MATCH THE COLUMN :
1. (A) D = (2abcosC)2 – 4a2b2 = –4a2b2 sin2C < 0
(B) D = 4(b2 – ac) > 0

and f(x) = ax2 + 2bx + c > 0 ∀ x ≥ 0
Hence f(x) = 0 has both negative roots.
(C) f(x) = x2 – (a + 1)x – (a2 + 4)
f(0) < 0
(D) > b ⇒ b2 – ac < 0
D = 4(b2 – ac) < 0

22 − (6)
2. Σαβ = = −1
2
11 – 3αβγ = 2(6 – (–1)) = 14 ⇒ αβγ = –1

∴ x3 – 2x2 – x + 1 = 0

∴ x3 = 2x2 + x – 1 for x = α, β, γ
⇒ x4 = 2x3 + x2 – x = 5x2 + x – 2
⇒ α4 + β4 + γ4 = 5(6) + 2 – 6 = 26

x5 = 5x3 + x2 – 2x = 11x2 + 3x – 5 for x = α, β, γ
⇒ α5 + β5 + γ5 = 11(6) + 3(2) – 15 = 57
x6 = 11x3 + 3x2 – 5x = 25x2 + 6x – 11 for x = α, β, γ
⇒ α6 + β6 + γ6 = 25(6) + 6(2) – 33 = 129
–(4 – α2)(4 – β2)(4 – γ2) = – (2 − α )(2 − β)(2 − γ )(2 + α )(2 + β)(2 + γ )
= (8 − 2(4) − 2 + 1)( ( −8 − 8 + 2 + 1) )
= (–1)(–13) = 13
 339
Quadratic Equations

3. (A) λ > 2 and D < 0 ⇒ 64 – 4(λ2 + 2λ – 8) < 0

⇒ λ2 + 2λ – 24 > 0
⇒ λ ∈ (–∞, –6) ∪ (4, ∞)
∴
(Β) (a2 – 14a + 48) < 0 ⇒
(C) f(x) = ax2 + 2bx + 4c – 16
f(–2) = 4(a – b + c – 4) > 0
⇒ f(x) > 0 ∀ x ∈ R
∴ f(0) > 0 ⇒
(D) |(x – 3)(x + 2)| = x + 2
⇒ x = –2 or x – 3 = ± (1) ⇒ x = 4, 2.
∴

4. (A) f(t) = t2 – 2at + a + 3, t ∈ [–1, 1]

fmax = ⇒ a = –3, 1

(B) f(t) = t2 – at + 2a –1, t ∈ [0, 4]

fmax = ⇒ a = 3, 5

(C) f(t) = t2 – 3t + a – 1 = 0 t ∈ [0, ∞)

a = 1 + 3t – t2
a∈

(D) f(t) = t2 – at + 2a – 1
t ∈ [0, 4]
 a
=  f (0) 2a –1 ≤0
2

  a  8a – 4 – a 2 a
fmin=
= f   0< <4 ⇒ a = –3, 11
  2 4 2
 a
= f (4) 15 – 2a ≥4
 2
 340
Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

SECTION-5

œœ SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. =x–1
x≥1
1– = (x – 1)2 = x2 – 2x + 1

⇒ = 2 – x, x = 0 (rejected)
1≤x≤2
x2 – 1 = 4 + x2 – 4x

⇒ x =

2. bx = 16 ....(1)

(a – x)y = 9 ....(2)

a(b – y) = 25 ....(3)

From (2) and (1), y=

Put in (3) = 50
ab(ab – 50) = 50(ab – 32)
2
(ab) – 100(ab) + 1600 = 0 = (ab – 80) (ab – 20)

⇒ ab = 80, ab = 20 rejected

⇒ area of ∆AEF = 80 – (16 + 9 + 25) = 30

3. a = 3x – x3
Clearly from graph
a = –2 and a = 2

 341
Quadratic Equations

4. D ≥ 0 ⇒ 4a2 + 3b2 – 4ab – 4b + 2 ≤ 0

⇒ (2a – b)2 + 2(b – 1)2 ≤ 0

⇒ 2a – b = 0 and b – 1 = 0

⇒ b = 1, a =

5. 6 = – , 8= ⇒ –

b2 – 4ac < 0

⇒ b2 < 4ac

⇒ ac > 0
3 = , =4

⇒ =3

b = –3a, c = 4a

2b + 3c –6a +12a
= =6
a a
6. ∆ > 0 ⇒ (m – 2)2 – (m2 – 3m + 3) > 0

⇒ m<1

⇒ m ∈ [–1, 1)

 x12 x 22   x12 + x 22 – x1x 2 (x1 + x 2 ) 

m + = m 
 1 – x1 1 – x 2   (1 – x1 )(1 – x 2 ) 

 (x1 + x 2 ) 2 – 2x1x 2 – x1x 2 (x1 + x 2 ) 
= m 
 (1 – x1 )(1 – x 2 ) 

 4(m – 2) 2 – (2 – 2(m – 2))(m 2 – 3m + 3) 

= m 
 1 + 2(m – 2) + m 2 – 3m + 3 
 2m[2(m 2 – 4m + 4) + (m – 3)(m 2 – 3m + 3)] 
=  
 m2 – m 
= 2(m2 – 3m + 1) ∈ (–2, 10]
 342
Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

7. Put x = in equation x2 – px + q = 0

⇒ y2/3 – py1/3 = –q

⇒ y2 – p3y – 3py(–q) = –q3

⇒ x2 + (3pq – p3)x + q3 = 0 has roots α3, β3

⇒ q = q3

⇒ q = 0, 1, –1

and 3pq – p3 = –p

If q = 0, p3 = p ⇒ p = 0, 1, –1

If q = 1, p3 = 4p ⇒ p = 0, 2, –2 [p = 0, q = 1 rejected]

If q = –1, p3 = –2p ⇒ p=0

(p, q) = (0, 0) (1, 0), (–1, 0), (2, 1), (–2, 1), (0, –1)

8. α3 = (α2 + α – 3) (α – 1) + 4α – 3 = 4α – 3

α3 – 4β2 + 19 = 4α – 3 + 4(β – 3) + 19
= 4(α + β) + 4 = 4(–1) + 4 = 0
9. By observation, if is clear that equation

19x2 + 99x + 1 = 0 has roots a,

 1  1 99 4

∴  a +  + 4a   = – + = –5
b b 19 19
10. a, b, c = b – β, b, b + β
(b – β)2 + b2 + (b + β)2 = 84

⇒ 3b2 + 2β2 = 84

⇒ 3b2 < 84
⇒ b2 < 28

Also (a + c)2 – 2ac + b2 = 84
 343
Quadratic Equations

⇒ 5b2 – 84 = 2ac
ac > 0

⇒ b2 >

⇒ < b2 < 28

⇒ b=5

11. x2 – pqx + p + q = 0
α + β = pq
αβ = p + q
Both roots α, β must be positive integers
⇒ α + β – αβ – 1 = pq – p – q – 1
⇒ (α – 1) (β – 1) + (p – 1) (q – 1) = 2
Case-I :
If (α – 1) (β – 1) = 0 and (p – 1) (q – 1) = 2
⇒ (p, q) = (2, 3), (3, 2)
x2 – 6x + 5 = 0 = (x – 5) (x – 1) = 0
∴ (p, q) = (2, 3), (3, 2) satisfy
Case-II : If
(α – 1) (β – 1) = 1 and (p – 1) (q – 1) = 1
⇒ (p, q) = (2, 2)
⇒ x2 – 4x + 4 = (x – 2)2
(p, q) = (2, 2) satisfy
Case-III : If (α – 1) (β – 1) = 2 and (p – 1) (q – 1) = 0
⇒ (α, β) = (3, 2), (2, 3)
x2 – 5x + 6 = (x – 2) (x – 3) = 0
⇒ pq = 5
p + q = 6 x2 – 6x + 5 = (x – 5) (x – 1) = 0
(p, q) = (1, 5), (5, 1) satisfy
Hence, (p, q) = (1, 5), (5, 1), (2, 3), (3, 2), (2, 2)
 344
Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

12. 5 p2 – 20(66p – 1) = k2

⇒ (5p – 132)2 – k2 = 17404
⇒ (5p – 132 – k) (5p – 132 + k) = 22 × 19 × 229

5p – 132 – k = 2 × 19
5p – 132 + k = 2 × 229

⇒ p = 76
and 5p – 132 – k = 2
5p – 132 + k = 2 × 19 × 229
Gives no integer solution for p
hence, p = 76

13. Put = x, =y

(x – y)

⇒ ⇒

⇒ 3ab – 2a – 2b = 0 ⇒ (3b – 2) (a – )=

⇒ (3b – 2) (3a – 2) = 4
3b – 2 = 4 and 3a – 2 = 1 ⇒ (a, b) = (1, 2)
3b – 2 = 1 and 3a – 2 = 4 ⇒ (a, b) = (2, 1)
3b – 2 = 2 and 3a – 2 = 2 ⇒ (a, b) are not
integers
3b – 2 = –4 and 3a – 2 = –1 also not satisfy

∴ (a, b) = (1, 2), (2, 1)
 345
Quadratic Equations

14. (2a – a2) ≤ x2 – 3x + 2 ∀ x ∈ [0, 2]

⇒ (2a – a2) ≤ – ⇒ a ∈ (–∞, 1 – ] ∪ [1 + , ∞)

and 3 – a2 ≥ x2 – 3x + 2 ∀ x ∈ [0, 2]
3 – a2 ≥ 2 ⇒ a ∈ [–1, 1]
Hence, a ∈ [–1, 1 – ]
15. α2 + β2 – αβ– 1 = 0

⇒ (α + β)2 – 3αβ – 1 = 0

⇒ (a + b)2 – 4ab = 1

⇒ (a – b)2 = 1

⇒ a – b = ±1
D ≥ 0 ⇒ 9(a + b)2 – 12(4ab) ≥ 0

⇒ 9(a + b)2 – 12((a + b)2 – (a – b)2) ≥ 0

⇒ (a + b)2 ≤ 4

⇒ –2 ≤ a + b ≤ 2
If a = b + 1, –2 ≤ 2b + 1 ≤ 2

⇒ ≤b≤

⇒ b = –1, 0

⇒ (a, b) = (0, –1), (1, 0)
If a = b – 1 ⇒ –2 ≤ 2b – 1 ≤ 2

⇒ – ≤b≤

⇒ b = 0, 1

⇒ (a, b) = (–1, 0), (0, 1)
 346
Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

16. c2 = b(8 – b) – 16

⇒ b2 – 8b + 16 + c2 = 0

⇒ (b – 4)2 + c2 = 0

⇒ b = 4, c = 0, a = 4
17. a + b + c = –a, ab + bc + ca = b, abc = –c
Case-I c = 0, ab = b

If b = 0, a = 0
If a = 1, b = –2
⇒ (a, b, c) = (0, 0, 0), (1, –2, 0)
Case-II ab = –1

⇒ (a + b) c = b + 1, b + c = –2a = ⇒ c= –b

⇒ =b+1

⇒ b4 + b3 – 2b2 + 2 = 0

⇒ (b + 1) (b3 – 2b + 2) = 0

⇒ (a, b, c) = (1, –1, –1) or b3 – 2b + 2 = 0
Let b = p, q ∈ I satisfy

p3 – 2pq2 + 2q3 = 0

⇒ (p2 – 2q2)p + 2q3 = 0

⇒ p = ±1, ±2
p3 + 2(q – p)q2 = 0

⇒ q = ± 1
But roots b = ±1, ±2 do not satisfy b3 – 2b + 2 = 0
Hence, (a, b, c) = (0, 0, 0), (1, –2, 0), (1, –1, –1).
18. α5 – α3 + α – 2 = 0
α(α4 – α2 + 1) = 2

⇒ α>0
 347
Quadratic Equations

If 0 ≤ α ≤ 1, (α5 – α3) + (α – 2) < 0

If α ≥ 2, α(α4 – α2 + 1) ≥ 2(16 – 4 + 1) = 26

⇒ 1<α<2
2
α6 = α4 – α2 + 2α = – 1 + 2α = 2 –1
α

⇒ 3 < α6 < 4

∴ [α6] = 3
19. x2 – (y + 1)x + y2 – y = 0
D ≥ 0 ⇒ 3y2 – 6y – 1 ≤ 0

⇒ y∈
Put y = 0, x = 0, 1
y = 1, x = 0, 2
y = 2, x = 1, 2
(x, y) = (0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1), (2, 1), (1, 2), (2, 2)
20. x2 + 4y2 – 2xy – 2x – 4y – 8 = 0
x2 – (2y + 2)x + (4y2 – 4y – 8) = 0
D ≥ 0 ⇒ (y + 1)2 – (4y2 – 4y – 8) ≥ 0

⇒ 3y2 – 6y – 9 ≤ 0

⇒ y2 – 2y – 3 ≤ 0

⇒ y ∈ [–1, 3]
Put y = –1, x = 0
y = 0, x = –2, 4
y = 1, x=2± 2 3
y = 2, x = 0, 6
y = 3, x=4
Hence, (x, y) = (0, –1), (–2, 0), (4, 0), (0, 2), (6, 2), (4, 3)
 348
Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

21. Put y = ⇒ x=

∴ – 2007 + 2002 = 0

⇒ 4008y3 – 8016y2 + 3996y + 4 = 0
α − 1 β − 1 γ − 1 8016

⇒ + + = = 2
α + 1 β + 1 γ + 1 4008

22. a2 + 3xa + 2x2 – x3 – x4 = 0

–3x ± 9x 2 – 4(2x 2 – x 3 – x 4 ) –3x ± x 2 + 4x 3 + 4x 4
a= =
2 2

a= = x2 – x, –2x – x2

x2 – x – a = 0, D>0 ⇒ 1 + 4a > 0 ⇒ a>–
x2 + 2x + a = 0, D > 0 ⇒ 4 – 4a > 0 ⇒ a<1

Hence, a ∈

Also x = –1 – ∈

x = –1 + ∈

x= ∈

x= ∈

–1 + =

⇒ 2 =3–

⇒ 4 – 4a = 9 + 1 + 4a – 6
 349
Quadratic Equations

= 4a + 3
9 + 36a = 16a2 + 24a + 9
a= ,0
Hence, for 4 distinct real roots
 1   3  3 
a ∈  – , 0 ∪  0,  ∪  , 1
 4   4  4 
23. (a – 2)3 + 3(a – 2) = 7
(b – 2)3 + 3(b – 2) = –7

⇒ (a – 2)3 + 3(a – 2) = (2 – b)3 + 3(2 – b)
 f(x) = x3 + 3x is a one-one function


⇒ a–2=2–b

⇒ a+b=4

24. x2 – kx +  = 0 x2 – px + q = 0

q= = ab + +2=+ +2

q,  ∈ N ⇒ =1
⇒ q=4

25. ab + bc + ca = =2
–a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc = 3(5 – 2) = 9

⇒ abc =

x3 – 3x2 + 2x + =0

⇒ x4 = 3x3 – 2x2 – x

⇒ a4 + b4 + c4 = 3(a3 + b3 + c3) –2(a2 + b2 + c2) – (a + b + c)

= 3(7) – 2(5) – (3)

=9
 350
Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

26. (x2 – r) (x2 – 1) = 0

x = ± r , ± 1 ; r > 0, r ≠ 1

– r , –1, 1, r or –1, – r , r , 1 will form A.P.

⇒ 2 r = 3(2)

⇒ r=9

or 2=2 r ⇒ r=
27. Let f(x) = x2 – 7x + 6, x ∈ (–∞, –5] ∪ [6, ∞)
fmin = f(6) = 0
28. x2 + y2 – 8x – 6y – 11 = 0

⇒ (x – 4)2 + (y – 3)2 = 36
x – 4 = 0, y – 3 = ± 6
or x – 4 = ± 6, y – 3 = 0
(x, y) = (4, 9), (4, –3), (10, 3), (–2, 3)
29. Subtracting, we get
y2 – x2 + x – y = 24

⇒ (y – x) (y + x + 1) = 24
Different possibilities are
y–x=3 and y+x+1=8
or y – x = 8 y+x+1=3
or y – x = –3 y + x + 1 = –8
or y – x = –8 y + x + 1 = –3
or y – x = 24 y+x+1=1
or y – x = 1 y + x + 1 = 24
or y – x = –24 y + x + 1 = –1
 351
Quadratic Equations

or y – x = –1 y + x + 1 = –24

⇒ (x, y, z) = (3, 6, –85), (–2, 6, –90), (–2, –5, –101), (3, –5, –96), (–11, 13, 34),
(12, 13, 57), (12 – 12, 32), (–11, –12, 9)

30. x4 – 2x2 + ax + b = 0

α + β + γ + δ = 0, Σαβ = –2
⇒ α2 + β2 + γ2 + δ2 = 4
2
β2 + γ 2 + δ 2  β + γ + δ 
≥ 
3  3

4 − α2 α2

⇒ ≥
3 9

⇒ α2 ≤ 3
Similarly for others
⇒ α, β, γ, δ ∈ ( , )

 Equality not hold true.

31. f(x) = ax2 – bx + c = a(x – α) (x – β)

f(0) > 0, f(1) > 0 ⇒ f(0) f(1) > 0

∴ a2 α(1 – α) β(1 – β) ≥ 1 f(0), f(1) ∈ I

⇒
≥ a2(α(1 – α)β(1 – β)) ≥ 1

⇒ ≥1

⇒ a2 > 16  α≠β

⇒ a ≥ 5
and 0< <1 and b2 ≥ 4ac
If a = 5, c = 1, b2 ≥ 20 ⇒ b≥5
f(x) = 5x2 – 5x + 1 satisfies the conditions
 352
Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

32. α + β = –a
αβ = b
N(b) = 20 ⇒ Number of divisons of b = 40 = 2351 or 39 = 13 × 3
Smallest value of b = 24315171 = 1680
n = 15

1  (α + β)2 − 4αβ − 2  1  4 p 2 − 4( p 2 − 2 p − 1) − 2 
33.
=   =   k k∈I
2  (α + β) 2 + 2  2  4 p2 + 2 

⇒
=k

⇒ 4kp2 – 4p + (2k – 1) = 0

If k ≠ 0, D ≥ 0 ⇒ 2k2 – k – 1 ≤ 0 ⇒ k∈

Put k = 1, 4p2 – 4p + 1 = 0 ⇒ p=

If k = 0, –4p – 1 = 0 ⇒ p=–

∴ = 16 + 4 = 20

34. x2 – (y + 4)x + (y2 – 4y + 16) = 0

D ≥ 0 ⇒ y2 – 8y + 16 ≤ 0 ⇒ y=4
Put y = 4 ⇒ x2 – 8x + 16 = 0 ⇒ x=4

∴ (x, y) = (4, 4)
35. (x – 2)4 = 30

⇒ x1, x2 = 2 + ,2–
x3, x4 = 2 + i 4 30 , 2 – i 4 30

x1x2 + x3x4 = =8
 353
Quadratic Equations

36. x2 – px – (P + C) = (x – α) (x – β)
Put x = –1

⇒ 1 + P – P – C = (1 + α) (1 + β) = 1 – C

(α + 1)2 (β + 1)2 (α + 1)2 (β + 1)2

∴ 2
+ 2
= 2
+ 2
(α + 1) (c − 1) (β + 1) + (c − 1) (α + 1) − (α + 1)(β + 1) (β + 1) − (1 + α )(1 + β)
α +1 β +1
= −
α −β α −β

=1
37. a > 0, x2 + a2 ≥ a(4 + x) ∀ x ∈ (–1, 1)
x 2 – ax + (a2 – 4a) ≥ 0 ∀ x ∈ (–1, 1)
Let f(x) = x2 – ax + (a2 – 4a)

If 0< < 1, 0<a<2

⇒ f ≥0

⇒ – + a2 – 4a ≥ 0 ⇒ 3a2 – 16a ≥ 0

⇒ a≥ ⇒ a ∈ φ

If ≥ 1, a ≥ 2

⇒ f(1) ≥ 0

⇒ a2 – 5a + 1 ≥ 0

⇒ a≥

∴ a∈
 354
Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

38. logx(x2 – 4x + a) > 0

⇒ 0 < x2 – 4x + a < 1 ∀ x ∈ (0, 1)
a < 4x – x2 + 1 and a > 4x – x2 ∀ x ∈ (0, 1)

⇒ a ∈ (–∞, 1) and a ∈ (3, ∞)

⇒ a∈φ

39. 0 < x2 ≤ x + 2 ⇒ x ∈ [–1, 0) ∪ (0, 2]

⇒ a2 ≥

and 2≤ ⇒ a2 ≥ 7

Hence, a ∈ (–∞, – ]∪[ , ∞)

40. Let f(x) = mx3 – 9x2 + 12x – 5

Let α be repeated root

⇒ f(α) = f′(α) = 0

⇒ mα3 – 9α2 + 12α – 5 = 0 ...(1)
and 3mα2 – 18α + 12 = 0

⇒ mα2 – 6α + 4 = 0 ...(2)
(1) – (2) × α

⇒ –3α2 + 8α – 5 = 0

⇒ α = ,1

α= ,m=

α = 1, m = 2

⇒ S=2+
 355
Quadratic Equations

41. Let f(x) = (ax + 1) (x – a) > 0, |x| ≤ 2

Clearly a < 0, otherwise f(x) → ∞ as x → ∞
which is not required

∴ x ∈

∴ |a| ≤ 2 and ≤2

⇒ ≤2

⇒ a ∈

42. 8(x – 1) p(x) = (x – 8) p(2x)

⇒ p(x) contain x – 8 as factor

⇒ p(2x) contain 2(x – 4) as factor

⇒ p(x) contain (x – 4) as factor

⇒ p(2x) contain 2(x – 2) as factor
p(x) contain (x – 2) as factor
p(2x) contain 2(x – 1) as factor

∴ p(x) = (x – 2)(x – 4) (x – 8)

⇒ p(10) = 96
43. p(x) = (x – α) g(x) ;
Put x = 2, then x = 10, we get g(x) integral will have integral coefficients

⇒ 13 = (2 – α) g(2)

⇒ 2 – α = 13, 1, –13, –1
and 5 = (10 – α) g(5)

⇒ 10 – α = 5, 1, –5, –1
⇒ α = 15
 356
Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

44. 1 – 2sin2x + asinx = 2a – 7

⇒ 2sin2x – asinx + 2a – 8 = 0


⇒ (sinx – 2) [2(sinx + 2) – a] = 0

⇒ sinx = 2 rejected and sinx =

∴ –1 ≤ ≤1

⇒ a ∈ [2, 6]
45. 4|x – 8x + 12| = 72y ⇒ y≥0
2

If 0 ≤ y ≤ 3

⇒ 3 – y –3y – 2y2 –2 – 4y ≥ 1

⇒ 2y2 + 8y ≤ 0

⇒ –4 ≤ y ≤ 0

⇒ y = 0, x = 6, 2
If y > 3

⇒ y – 3 – 3y – 2y2 –2 – 4y ≥ 1

⇒ 2y2 + 6y + 6 ≤ 0

⇒ y2 + 3y + 3 ≤ 0

⇒ y∈φ
Hence, (x, y) = (6, 0), (2, 0)

46. D = (n + 1)2 – 4n(n + 2) = –3n2 – 6n + 1 = 4 – 3(n + 1)2

D≥ 0 ⇒ ⇒ n = –2, –1, 0

For all values of n, D become perfect square

Hence, n = –2, –1, 0

 357
Quadratic Equations

47. ax2 + bx + c = 0

⇒ 2(α – d) =

α2 – 3d2 – 2αd =

cx2 + bx + a = 0

⇒ 2(α + d) = –

α2 – 3d2 + 2αd =

4α = , 4d =

4αd =

Also 16αd =

⇒ a – c = 0 or a + c = 0 or b2 = 4ac
b2 = 4ac and a – c = 0 are rejected as p1, q1, p2, q2 are distinct.
Hence, a+c=0

2
 x2 + x + 2 x2 + x + 2
48.  2 – (a – 3) 2 + (a – 4) = 0
 x + x +1  x + x +1

Put =t=1+ ,t∈

 358
Advance Problems in Algebra for JEE

t2 + 3t – 4 = a(t – 1)
t 2 + 3t – 4 (t + 4)(t – 1)

⇒ a= = =t+4
t –1 t –1
For real roots a ∈

51. Put (a, b)

m2(a2 + a) – 4(a + 1)m + (4a2 + 4a + 2 – b) = 0 ∀ m ∈ R

⇒ a2 + a = 0, a + 1 = 0 and 4a2 + 4a + 2 – b = 0

⇒ a = –1, b = 2

52. 1 + 2 + 3 + δ = 0
⇒ δ = –6
1⋅2⋅3⋅δ = –36 = –c
⇒ c = 36

53. Let ax4 + bx3 + x2 + x + 1 = 0

α1α2α3α4 = ≠0 ⇒ None of α1, α2, α3, α4 is ‘0’

2
 1 1 1 1
∑ =
 α  ∑ α 2 + 2∑ α
i i αj
i
 1
2 2+ 
 1/ a  1  a
 – =
1/ a
 ∑ 2
αi
+
1
a
4
1

⇒ –1 = ∑ α2
i =1 i

⇒ α1, α2, α3, α4 all real is impossible.
 359
Quadratic Equations

54. t3 –3t + λ = 0 , λ = –xyz

x3 = 3x – λ ⇒ x3y = 3xy – λy
y3 = 3y – λ ⇒ y3z = 3yz – λz
z3 = 3z – λ ⇒ z3x = 3zx – λx

⇒ x3y + y3z + z3x = 3(xy + yz + zx) – λ(x + y + z) = –9
55. 32n + 3n2 + 7 > 32n

⇒ 32n + 3n2 + 7 ≥ (3n + 1)2

⇒ 2⋅3n ≤ 3n2 + 6
y = 2 ⋅ 3n
y = 3n2 + 6

From graph is clear that n ≤ 2
n = 1 doesn’t satisfy
n = 2 satisfy

⇒ n = 2 only