Science

Class IX
Chapter 6
NCERT Solutions

Page 69
Solution 1:
A tissue is defined as a group of cells which are similar in structure and work together to perform a particular function.
Solution 2:
The use of tissues in multicellular organisms is to:
• provide structural strength
• provide mechanical strength
• allow division of labour

Page 74
Solution 1:
The types of simple tissues are as follows:
• Parenchyma
• Collenchyma
• Sclerenchyma
Solution 2:
Apical meristem are found in plants at:
• Shoot tip
• Root tip
Solution 3:
• Sclerenchyma tissue
The Sclerenchymatous tissue, which is a type of permanent tissue makes up the husk of the coconut. These tissues causes
the plant to become stiff and hard. The cells of this tissue are dead and their cell walls are thickened because of the presence
of lignin.
Solution 4:
The phloem constitutes of the following four elements, they are:
➢ Sieve tube

➢ Companion cells

➢ Phloem parenchyma

➢ Phloem fibres

Page 78
Solution 1:
Two tissues jointly are responsible for the movement of our body, namely:
* Muscular tissue * Nervous tissue
Solution 2:
 Neuron consists of :
• Cell body(nucleus &cytoplasm)
• Dendrites (short, many branched structures)
• Axon (long unbranched single structure)
Functions:
• It transfers messages in the form of nerve impulses

Solution 3:
The cardiac muscles are specialized tissues that are evolved to pump blood throughout the body.
The following are the features of the cardiac muscles:
• They are cylindrical in shape.
• Striated muscle fibers.
• They are uninucleated and branched.
• These muscles are involuntary in nature.
Solution 4:
Function
• They support the delicate internal organs
• Assist in tissue repair in case of damage.
Location
They are connective tissues and are found in
• between skin and muscles
• around blood vessels and nerves
• present in the bone marrow
• space inside the organs is filled with these tissues.

Page 79
Solution 1:
A tissue is defined as a group of cells which are similar in structure and work together to perform a particular function.
Solution 2:
The xylem tissue is made up of four main elements, namely:
• Vessels
• Tracheids
• Xylem fibres
• Xylem parenchyma
Solution 3:
The following are the differences:

Simple tissues Complex tissues

They are made up of a single type of cell that They are made up of more than one kind of a cell that
performs only one common function coordinate to perform one particular function

Solution 4:
The following are the differences based on cell wall between different tissues:

Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma

Cell walls are thin and made Cell walls are thick at the edges due to Cell walls are thick due to the
up of cellulose the deposition of pectin deposition of lignin

Solution 5:
Stomata are the tiny pores present on the outer layer of the cells, the epidermis.
Stomata helps in:
• exchange of gases
• transpiration

Solution 6:

Solution 7:
Cardiac muscles are present in heart so they help in pumping of blood
Solution 8:

TYPES STRIATIONS NATURE BRANCHING NO. OF POSITION SHAPE LOCATION

OF
NUCLEI NUCLEI

STRIATED Has dark voluntary Unbranched many At cylindrical Attached to

&light bands bones
periphery

SMOOTH Don’t have involuntary Unbranched single In centre Spindle In alimentary

bands canal, iris of
shaped eye, in
uterus, in
bronchi of
lungs

CARDIAC Has dark & involuntary Branched single In centre cylindrical In Heart
light bands

Solution 9:
Diagram of a neuron along with the labelling is as follows:

Solution 10:
(a) Tissue that forms the inner lining of our mouth – The epithelial tissue, Squamous epithelium.
(b) Tissue that connects muscle to bone in humans – Tendon
(c) Tissue that transports food in plants – Phloem
(d) Tissue that stores fat in our body – Adipose tissue
(e) Connective tissue with a fluid matrix – Blood
(f) Tissue present in the brain – Nervous tissue

Solution 11:
• Skin: Striated squamous epithelial tissue
• Bark of tree: Protective tissue and cork
• Bone: Connective tissue
• Lining of kidney tubule: Cuboidal epithelial tissue
• Vascular bundle: Conducting tissue (xylem and phloem)
Solution 12:
The parenchyma is found in:

• The pith of stems and roots

• When parenchyma contains chlorophyll it is called as chlorenchyma, it is found in green leaves
• Parenchyma found in aquatic plants has large air cavities which enables them to float and are hence called
aerenchyma.

Solution 13:
Role:
• Forms the outermost layer of root, stem and leaf
• Has an outer protective layer called cuticle (made of cutin in desert plants)
• Protective in nature (from mechanical injury, loss of excess water and parasitic fungus)
• In leaf they have stomata for exchange of gases and transpiration
• In older plants secondary meristem replaces epidermis and forms a layer of dead cells cork or bark of tree

Solution 14:
Cork acts as a protective tissue because it has following features:
• Cells are dead
• Cells are compactly arranged
• Cells don’t have intercellular spaces
• Cell wall has suberin (a chemical that makes the cells impervious to water)

Solution 15:
The completed chart is as follows:
 Self Assessment
1. Write true (T) or false (F)
(a) Epithelial tissue is protective tissue in animal body.
(b) The lining of blood vessels, lung alveoli and kidney tubules are all made up of epithelial tissue.
(c) Epithelial cells have a lot of intercellular spaces.
(d) Epithelial layer is permeable layer.
(e) Epithelial layer does not allow regulation of materials between body and external environment.
2. Fill in the blanks
(a) Lining of blood vessels is made up of———.
(b) Lining of small intestine is made up of ———.
(c) Lining of kidney tubules is made up of———.
(d) Epithelial cells with cilia are found in———of our body.
3. Fill in the blanks
(a) Cork cells possesses———on their walls that makes it impervious to gases and water.
(b) ——— have tubular cells with perforated walls and are living in nature.
(c) Bone possesses a hard matrix composed of———and ———.
4. Fill in the blanks
(a) ———are forms of complex tissue.
(b) ———have guard cells.
(c) Cells of cork contain a chemical called———
(d) Husk of coconut is made of ———tissue.
(e) ———gives flexibility in plants.
(f) ———and———are both conducting tissues.
(g) Xylem transports———and———from soil.
(h) Phloem transport———from———to other parts of the plant.