3-MUSTAQIL ISH

1-Misol
a) Kramer formulalaridan foydalanib quyida berilgan sistemani yechimini izlaymiz;


x1 − 2x2 + x3 = 1






 2x1 + x2 − 2x3 = −1



3x1 − 2x2 + x3 = 2


1 −2 1
△= 2 1 −2 = 1·1·1+2·1·(−1)+(−2)·(−2)·3−3·1·1−1·(−2)·(−2)−2·(−2)·1 =
3 −2 1
= 1 − 4 + 12 − 3 − 4 + 4 = 6 ̸= 0

1 −2 1
△x1 = −1 1 −2 = 1·1·1+(−2)·(−1)·1+(−2)·(−2)·2−2·1·1−1·(−2)·(−1)−1·(−2)·(−1) =
2 −2 1
=1+2+8−2−4−2=3

1 1 1
△x2 = 2 −1 −2 = 1 · (−1) · 1 + 1 · (−2) · 3 + 2 · 2 · 1 − 3 · 1 · (−1) − 1 · 2 · (−2) − 1 · 2 · 1 =
3 2 1
= −1 − 6 + 4 + 3 + 4 − 2 = 2

1 −2 1
△ x3 = 2 1 −1 = 1 · 1 · 2 + (−2) · (−1) · 3 + 2 · (−2) · 1 − 1 · 1 · 3 − 1 · (−1) · (−2) − 2 · (−2) · 2 =
3 −2 2
=2−4+6−3−2+8=7

△ x1 △ x2 △ x3
x1 = = 36 = 12 ; x2 = = 2
6
= 13 ; x3 = = 76 ;
△ △ △
Demak
1 1 7
(x1 ; x2 ; x3 ) = ( ; ; )
2 3 6
1
b) Tenglamalar sistemasini Gauss usuli yordamida yechimini izlaymiz;

x1 − 2x2 + x3 = 1






 2x1 + x2 − 2x3 = −1



3x1 − 2x2 + x3 = 2


Kengaytirilgan
 matritsani
 tuzib olamiz:  
1 −2 1 1 I · (−2) + II 1 −2 4 1
   
 2 1 −2 −1  I · (−3) + III : −4 −3  II · (−4) + III · 5 :
   
 0 5
   
3 −2 1 2 0 4 −2 −1
 
1 −2 4 1
 
: 0 5 −4 −3 
 
 
0 0 6 7

7
6x3 = 7 =⇒x3 = 6
7 5 1
5x2 − 4x3 = −3 =⇒ 5x2 − 4 · 6
= −3 =⇒ 5x2 = 3
=⇒ x2 = 3
1
x1 − 2x2 + x3 = 1 =⇒ x1 = 2

Demak
1 1 7
(x1 ; x2 ; x3 ) = ( ; ; )
2 3 6
c) Tenglamalar sistemasini Teskari matritsa yordamida yechimini izlaymiz;

x1 − 2x2 + x3 = 1





 2x1 + x2 − 2x3 = −1



3x1 − 2x2 + x3 = 2


     
1 −2 1 x 1
   1  
A=2 1 −2 X=x2  B=−1 AX = B =⇒ X = A−1 B
     
     
3 −2 1 x3 2

2
 Bu yerda A−1 deganda A- matritsaning teskari matritsasini tushunamiz;
Teskari matritsa quyidagicha topiladi:

1
A−1 = · AT
detA

bunda detA ̸= 0 bo‘lgandagina teskari matritsa mavjud bo‘ladi. Aksincha detA = 0 bo‘lsa,
teskari matritsa aniqlab bo’lmaydi.
Faraz qilaylik
 teskari matritsa
 mavjud bo‘lsin.
A A21 A31
 11 
Ya‘ni AT = A12 A22 A32 , bunda Aij = (−1)i+j Mij - yordamida
 
 
A13 A23 A33
A- matritsa elementlarning algebraik to’ldiruvchilarini topamiz.
Endi yuqoridagilarga amal qilgan holda sistemani yechimini izlaymiz;
1 −2 1
detA = 2 1 −2 = 1 − 4 + 12 − 3 − 4 + 4 = 6 ̸= 0
3 −2 1

1 −2
A11 = M11 = = 1 · 1 − (−2) · (−2) = −3
−2 1

2 −2
A12 = −M12 = = −(2 · 1 − (−2) · 3) = −8
3 1

2 1
A13 = M13 = = 2 · (−2) − 1 · 3 = −7
3 −2

−2 1
A21 = −M21 = = −((−2) · 1 − 1 · (−2)) = 0
−2 1

1 1
A22 = M22 = = 1 · 1 − 1 · 3 = −2
3 1

1 −2
A23 = −M23 = − = −(1 · (−2) − (−2) · 3) = −4
3 −2

3
 −2 1
A31 = M31 = = (−2) · (−2) − 1 · 1 = 3
1 −2

1 1
A32 = −M32 = − = −(1 · (−2) − 1 · 2) = 4
2 −2

1 −2
A33 = M33 = = 1 · 1 − (−2) · 2 = 5
2 1
 
−3 0 3
1 
A−1 =
−8 −2 4
 
6 
−7 −4 5
     
−3 0 3 1 (−3) · 1 + 0 · (−1) + 3 · 2
     
X = A−1 × B = 16 −8 −2 4 × −1 = 16 (−8) · 1 + (−2) · (−1) + 4 · 2 =
     
     
−7 −4 5 2 (−7) · 1 + (−4) · (−1) + 5 · 2
   
1
3
  2
= 16 2 =  13  Demak =⇒(x1 ; x2 ; x3 ) = ( 21 ; 31 ; 76
   

   
7
7 6

1.3. Tenglamalar sistemasini quyidagi usullarda yechilsin:

a) Kramer formulalari bo‘yicha;
b) teskari matritsa yordamida (matritsalar usulida);
c) Gauss usulida yeching.
 
 2x + x2 + 3x3 = 7,  2x − x2 + 2x3 = 3,
 1  1

 

1.3.1. 2x1 + 3x2 + x3 = 1, 1.3.2. x1 + x2 + 2x3 = −4,

 


 3x + 2x + x = 6.  4x + x + 4x = −3.

1 2 3 1 2 3

 
 3x − x2 + x3 = 12,  2x − x2 + 3x3 = −4,
 1  1

 

1.3.3. x1 + 2x2 + 4x3 = 6, 1.3.4. x1 + 3x2 − x3 = 11,

 


 5x + x + 2x = 3.  x − 2x + 2x = −7.

1 2 3 1 2 3

4
  
 3x − 2x2 + 4x3 = 12,  8x + 3x2 − 6x3 = −4,
 1  1

 

1.3.5. 3x1 + 4x2 − 2x3 = 6, 1.3.6. x1 + x2 − x3 = 2,

 

 2x − x − x = −9.
  4x + x − 3x = −5.

1 2 3 1 2 3

 
 4x + x2 − 3x3 = 9,  2x + 3x2 + 4x3 = 33,
 1  1

 

1.3.7. x1 + x2 − x3 = −2, 1.3.8. 7x1 − 5x2 = 24,

 

 8x + 3x − 6x = 12.
 
 4x + 11x = 39.
1 2 3 1 3

 
 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 = 12,  x + 4x2 − x3 = 6,
 1  1

 

1.3.9. 7x1 − 5x2 + x3 = −33, 1.3.10. 5x2 + 4x3 = −20,

 

+ x = −7.  3x − 2x + 5x = −22.

 4x 
1 3 1 2 3

 
 3x − 2x2 + 4x3 = 21,  3x − 2x2 − 5x3 = 5,
 1  1

 

1.3.11. 3x1 + 4x2 − 2x3 = 9, 1.3.12. 2x1 + 3x2 − 4x3 = 12,

 

 2x − x − x = 10.
  x − 2x + 3x = −1.

1 2 3 1 2 3

 
 4x + x2 + 4x3 = 19,  2x − x2 + 2x3 = 0,
 1  1

 

1.3.13. 2x1 − x2 + 2x3 = 11, 1.3.14. 4x1 + x2 + 4x3 = 6,

 


 x + x + 2x = 8. 
 x + x + 2x = 4.
1 2 3 1 2 3

 
 2x − x2 + 2x3 = 8,  2x − x2 − 3x3 = −9,
 1  1

 

1.3.15. x1 + x2 + 2x3 = 11, 1.3.16. x1 + 5x2 + x3 = 20,

 


 4x + x + 4x = 22. 
 3x + 4x + 2x = 15.
1 2 3 1 2 3

 
 2x − x2 − 3x3 = 0,  −3x1 + 5x2 + 6x3 = −8,
 1

 


1.3.17. 3x1 + 4x2 + 2x3 = 1, 1.3.18. 3x1 + x2 + x3 = −4,

 

 x + 5x + x = −3.
  x − 4x − 2x = −9.

1 2 3 1 2 3

5
  
 3x + x2 + x3 = −4,  3x − x2 + x3 = −11,
 1  1

 

1.3.19. −3x1 + 5x2 + 6x3 = 36, 1.3.20. 5x1 + x2 + 2x3 = 8,

 

 x − 4x − 2x = −19.
 
 x + 2x + 4x = 16.
1 2 3 1 2 3

 
 3x − x2 + x3 = 9,  2x + 3x2 + x3 = 4,
 1  1

 

1.3.21. 5x1 + x2 + 2x3 = 11, 1.3.22. 2x1 + x2 + 3x3 = 0,

 


 x + 2x + 4x = 19. 
 3x + 2x + x = 1.
1 2 3 1 2 3

 
 2x + 3x2 + x3 = 12,  x − 2x2 + 3x3 = 14,
 1  1

 

1.3.23. 2x1 + x2 + 3x3 = 16, 1.3.24. 2x1 + 3x2 − 4x3 = −16,

 


 3x + 2x + x = 8.  3x − 2x − 5x = −8.

1 2 3 1 2 3

 
 3x + 4x2 − 2x3 = 11,  x + 5x2 − 6x3 = −15,
 1  1

 

1.3.25. 2x1 − x2 − x3 = 4, 1.3.26. 3x1 + x2 + 4x3 = 13,

 

 3x − 2x + 4x = 11.
  2x − 3x + x = 9.

1 2 3 1 2 3

 
 4x − x2 = −6,  5x + 2x2 − 4x3 = −16,
 1  1

 

1.3.27. 3x1 + 2x2 + 5x3 = −14, 1.3.28. x1 + 3x3 = −6,

 

 x − 3x + 4x = −19.
  2x − 3x + x = 9.

1 2 3 1 2 3

 
 x + 4x2 − x3 = −9,  7x + 4x2 − x3 = 13,
 1  1

 

1.3.29. 4x1 − x2 + 5x3 = −2, 1.3.30. 3x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 3,

 

3x − 7x = −6.  2x − 3x + x = −10.

 
2 3 1 2 3

6
 Bir jinsli tenglamalar sistemasini yeching
1-misol 
x1 − 2x2 + 3x3 = 0






 2x1 + x2 − 3x3 = 0



3x1 − 2x2 − 3x3 = 0


Ushbu bir jinsli tenglamalar sistemasini yechimini izlaymiz;

Buning uchun avvalo noma’lumlar koeffitsentlaridan tuzilgan ∆ ni hisoblaymiz
bunda quyidagi ikki holat bo‘lishi mumkin;
1) Agar ∆ ̸= 0 bo‘lsa, sistema yagona (0; 0; 0) yechimga ega bo‘ladi.
2) Agar ∆ = 0 bo’lsa, sistema cheksiz ko’p yechimga ega deyiladi.
Endi yuqoridagi misolni qarab chiqamiz;
1 −2 3
∆= 2 1 −3 = 1 · 1 · (3−) + (−2) · (−3) · 3 − 3 · 1 · 3 − 1 · (−3) · (−2) − 2 · (−2) · (−3) =
3 −2 −3
−3 − 12 + 18 − 9 − 6 − 12 = −24 ̸= 0
Demak, endi ma’lumki,

0 −2 3 1 0 3 1 −2 0
∆x1 = 0 1 −3 = 0; ∆x2 = 2 0 −3 = 0; ∆x3 = 2 1 0 = 0;
0 −2 −3 3 0 −3 3 −2 0
∆x1 ∆x2 ∆x3
Bundan esa x1 = = 0; x2 = = 0; x3 = = 0;
∆ ∆ ∆
Yechimlarga ega bo’lamiz, ya’ni (0; 0; 0)
2-misol

x1 − x2 + x 3 = 0






 2x1 + x2 + 2x3 = 0



x1 − 3x2 + x3 = 0


ushbu misolni yechimlarini qilamiz;

1 −1 1
∆= 2 1 2 = 1·1·1+2·1·(−3)+(−1)·2·1−1·1·1−1·2·(−3)−2·(−1)·1 = 1−6−2−1+6+2 = 0
1 −3 1

7
Bunday holda sistemadagi ixtiyoriy ikki tenglamani bir-biriga hadma-had qo‘shamiz , natijada
sistemada noma’lumlar soni uchta bo‘lgan ikkita tenglama hosil bo‘ladi. Natijada quyidagi
holat bo‘ladi:
Bu misolda sistemada 1 va 3 tenglamalarni qo‘shamiz hosil bo‘lgan tenglamalardagi ikkita
noma’lumni uchinchisi orqali ifodalaymiz, natijada uchinchi noma’lumni ma’lum son deb
hisoblab ikki noma’lumli tenglamalar sistemasini uchinchi noma’lumga bog‘liq yechimini
izlaymiz:
  
2x1 − 4x2 + 2x3 = 0
 x1 − 2x2 + x3 = 0
 x1 − 2x2 = −x3

=⇒ =⇒
2x1 + x2 + 23 = 0
 2x1 + x2 + 2x3 = 0
 2x1 + x2 = −2x3


Kramer formulasiga ko‘ra yechimni izlaymiz:

1 −2
∆= = 1 · 1 − 2 · (−2) = 5 ̸= 0;
2 1
−x3 −2
∆x1 = = −x3 − 4x3 = −5x3
−2x3 1
1 −x3
∆x2 = = −2x3 + 2x3 = 0
2 −2x3
∆x1 −5x3 ∆x2 0
Demak, x1 = = = −x3 x2 = = = 0.
∆ 5 ∆ 5
yechim quyidagicha ifodalanadi, ya’ni (−x3 ; 0; x3 ) , x3 ∈ ℜ

Bir jinsli tenglamalar sistemasini yeching

 
x1 + 2x2 − 4x3 = 0 5x1 − 3x2 + 2x3 = 0

 

 


 

1. a) 2x1 − x2 − x3 = 0 b) 2x1 + 4x2 − 3x3 = 0

 


 

x1 + 3x2 + x3 = 0
 3x1 − 7x2 + 5x3 = 0

 
x1 − 2x2 − x3 = 0
 




 5x1 + x2 + 2x3 = 0

 

2. a) 2x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 = 0 b) 3x1 + 2x2 − 3x3 = 0

 


 

3x1 − 2x2 + 5x3 = 0
 2x1 − x2 + x3 = 0

 
x1 + 2x2 − 5x3 = 0
 
x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 = 0






 

3. a) 2x1 − x2 + 3x3 = 0 b) 2x1 − 4x2 + x3 = 0

 


 

3x1 − 5x2 + 4x3 = 0
 3x1 − 2x2 − 4x3 = 0


8
  
8x1 + x2 − 3x3 = 0 2x1 − x2 + 4x3 = 0

 


 


 

4. a) x1 + 5x2 + x3 = 0 b) 7x1 − 5x2 + 3x3 = 0

 


 

x1 − 7x2 + 2x3 = 0
 5x1 − 4x2 − x3 = 0


 
3x1 − 2x2 + x3 = 0
 


 2x1 + x2 + 3x3 = 0 



 

5. a) 3x1 − x2 + 2x3 = 0 b) 2x1 + 3x2 − 5x3 = 0

 


 

x1 + 3x2 + 4x3 = 0
 5x1 + x2 − 4x3 = 0


 
6x1 + 5x2 − 4x3 = 0 5x1 + x2 − 6x3 = 0

 


 


 

6. a) x1 + x2 − x3 = 0 b) 4x1 + 3x2 − 7x3 = 0

 


 

3x1 + 4x2 + 3x3 = 0
 x1 − 2x2 + x3 = 0


 
x1 − x2 + 2x3 = 0 x1 − 2x2 + x3 = 0

 


 


 

7. a) 2x1 + x2 − 3x3 = 0 b) 3x1 + 3x2 + 5x3 = 0

 


 

3x1 + 2x3 = 0
 4x1 + x2 + 6x3 = 0


 
x1 + 4x2 − 3x3 = 0 2x1 − x2 + 2x3 = 0

 


 


 

8. a) 2x1 + 5x2 + x3 = 0 b) 3x1 + 2x2 − 3x3 = 0

 


 

x1 − 7x2 + 2x3 = 0
 5x1 + x2 − x3 = 0


 
7x1 + x2 − 3x3 = 0 7x1 − 6x2 − x3 = 0

 


 


 

9. a) 3x1 − 2x2 + 3x3 = 0 b) 3x1 − 3x2 + 4x3 = 0

 


 

x1 − x2 + 2x3 = 0
 4x1 − 3x2 − 5x3 = 0


 
x1 − 2x2 + x3 = 0 2x1 − x2 + 3x3 = 0

 


 

 
10. a) 3x1 + x2 + 2x3 = 0 b) x1 − 3x2 + 2x3 = 0

 


 

2x1 − 3x2 + 5x3 = 0
 x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 0


9
  
3x1 − x2 − 3x3 = 0 3x1 − x2 + x3 = 0

 


 


 

11. a) 2x1 + 3x2 + x3 = 0 b) 2x1 + 3x2 − 4x3 = 0

 


 

x1 + x2 + 3x3 = 0
 5x1 + 2x2 − 3x3 = 0


 
2x1 − x2 − 5x3 = 0 2x1 − x2 − 3x3 = 0

 


 


 

12. a) x1 + 2x2 − 3x3 = 0 b) x1 + 2x2 − 4x3 = 0

 


 

5x1 + x2 + 4x3 = 0
 x1 − x2 + x3 = 0


 
4x1 − x2 + 10x3 = 0
 





 x1 + x2 + x 3 = 0

 

13. a) x1 + 2x2 − x3 = 0 b) 2x1 − 3x2 + 4x3 = 0

 


 

2x1 − 3x2 + 4x3 = 0
 3x1 − 2x2 + 5x3 = 0


 
x1 − 3x2 − 4x3 = 0
 





 x1 + 5x2 + x3 = 0

 

14. a) 5x1 − 8x2 − 2x3 = 0 b) 2x1 − 3x2 − 7x3 = 0

 


 

2x1 + x2 − x3 = 0
 3x1 + 2x2 − 6x3 = 0


 
7x1 − 6x2 − x3 = 0 x1 − 8x2 + 7x3 = 0

 


 


 

15. a) 4x1 + 5x2 = 0 b) 3x1 + 5x2 − 4x3 = 0

 


 

x1 − 2x2 + 3x3 = 0
 4x1 − 3x2 + 3x3 = 0


 
3x1 − 2x2 + x3 = 0 2x1 + 4x2 − 3x3 = 0

 


 


 

16. a) 2x1 − 3x2 + 2x3 = 0 b) x1 − 3x2 + 2x3 = 0

 


 

4x1 + x2 − 4x3 = 0
 3x1 + x2 − x3 = 0


 
5x1 + x2 − 2x3 = 0
 
3x1 + 2x2 = 0





 

17. a) x1 − x2 + 2x3 = 0 b) 3x1 − x2 + x3 = 0

 


 

4x1 − 2x2 + 5x3 = 0
 2x1 + 2x2 − 3x3 = 0


10
  
x1 + 3x2 − x3 = 0
 





 4x1 + x2 + 4x3 = 0

 

18. a) 2x1 + 5x2 − 2x3 = 0 b) 3x1 − 2x2 − x3 = 0

 


 

x1 + x2 + 5x3 = 0
 3x1 − 2x2 + 5x3 = 0


 
5x1 − 5x2 + 4x3 = 0 2x1 − x2 + 2x3 = 0

 


 


 

19. a) 3x1 + x2 + 3x3 = 0 b) 4x1 + x2 + 5x3 = 0

 


 

x1 + 7x2 − x3 = 0
 2x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 0


 
2x1 + x2 − x3 = 0 x1 + 2x2 − 5x3 = 0

 


 


 

20. a) 3x1 − 2x2 + 4x3 = 0 b) x1 − 2x2 − 4x3 = 0

 


 

2x1 − 5x2 + 3x3 = 0
 2x1 − 9x3 = 0


 
3x1 + 2x2 − x3 = 0 4x1 − x2 + 5x3 = 0

 


 


 

21. a) 2x1 − x2 + 3x3 = 0 b) 2x1 − 3x2 + 2x3 = 0

 


 

4x1 + 3x2 + 4x3 = 0
 2x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 0


 
5x1 − 4x2 + 2x3 = 0 5x1 + 8x2 − 5x3 = 0

 


 


 

22. a) 3x2 − 2x3 = 0 b) 7x1 + 5x2 − x3 = 0

 


 

4x1 + x2 − 3x3 = 0
 2x1 − 3x2 + 4x3 = 0


 
3x1 − x2 + 2x3 = 0 5x1 − 3x2 + 4x3 = 0

 


 


 

23. a) x1 + x2 + x3 = 0 b) 3x1 + 2x2 − x3 = 0

 


 

x1 + 3x2 + 3x3 = 0
 8x1 − x2 + 3x3 = 0


 
2x1 − x2 + 3x3 = 0 3x1 + 2x2 − 3x3 = 0

 


 

 
24. a) x1 + 2x2 − 5x3 = 0 b) 2x1 − 3x2 + x3 = 0

 


 

3x1 + x2 + x3 = 0
 5x1 − x2 − 2x3 = 0


11
  
x1 − 3x2 − 2x3 = 0
 


 x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 0 



 

25. a) 2x1 − x2 − x3 = 0 b) 3x1 − x2 + 4x3 = 0

 


 

3x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 = 0
 2x1 x2 + x3 = 0


 
x1 − 3x2 + 5x3 = 0
 


 4x1 + x2 + 3x3 = 0 



 

26. a) 8x1 − x2 + 7x3 = 0 b) x1 + 2x2 − 3x3 = 0

 


 

2x1 + 4x2 − 5x3 = 0
 2x1 − x2 + 2x3 = 0


 
 


 2x1 + 5x2 + x3 = 0 

 x1 + 2x2 + 4x3 = 0

 

27. a) 4x1 + 6x2 + 3x3 = 0 b) 5x1 + x2 + 2x3 = 0

 


 

x1 − x2 − 2x3 = 0
 4x1 − x2 − 2x3 = 0


 
5x1 − 6x2 + 4x3 = 0
 
x1 + x 2 + x3 = 0





 

28. a) 2x1 − 3x2 + 4x3 = 0 b) 3x1 − 3x2 + x3 = 0

 


 

4x1 − 11x2 + 10x3 = 0
 2x1 − 3x2 + 3x3 = 0


 
3x1 − 2x2 + x3 = 0 2x1 + 4x2 − 3x3 = 0

 


 


 

29. a) 2x1 − 3x2 + 2x3 = 0 b) x1 − 3x2 + 2x3 = 0

 


 

4x1 + x2 − 4x3 = 0
 3x1 + x2 − x3 = 0


 
x1 − 2x2 + x3 = 0 2x1 − x2 + 3x3 = 0

 


 


 

30. a) 3x1 + x2 + 2x3 = 0 b) x1 − 3x2 + 2x3 = 0

 


 

2x1 − 3x2 + 5x3 = 0
 x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 0


12