CHAPTER 1

Session 1: Introduction to Communication

What is communication?
Sharing of information from one person to other by speaking, writing, signals or by any
other means is called communication.

Communication Process (Cycle) or Elements of Communication

• Sender: the person who is starting the communication

• Message: the information that the sender wants to send
• Encoding: The way the sender wants the message to be looked like.
• Channel: From which medium the message travels.
• Receiver: the person who receives the message
• Decoding: What the receiver understands
• Feedback: the receiver's response to the message.

Perspectives in communication
Perspectives are fixed ideas and thoughts regarding something. For Example, you have
fixed the thought that your school principal is very strict so you will not be able to talk to
him friendly. You always think that he is very strict.

Factors affecting perspectives in communication

Here are some factors which affect perspectives.
Language: The language is used in communication
Visual Perception: how the person looks
Past Experience: Your past experience which him
Prejudice: some fixed idea about the person
Feelings: How are you feeling at that time
Environment: the environmental condition during communication
Personal factors: Personally how are you attached to him
Culture: Your culture and his culture are also a factor

Effective Communication.
The communication in which the receiver gets the best possible message that the
sender wants to convey. In other words, if the receiver gets the appropriate message
that the sender wants to convey is called effective communication.

7C's of Effective Communication

Session 2: Verbal Communication

Communication Styles/Methods
There are four main categories or communication styles including verbal, non-verbal,
written and visual.

Verbal Communication
In Verbal Communication words are used to communicate. This is the most common
type of communication. As in this type, words are used so it is very important to use
appropriate word otherwise it will cause confusion.
Advantages of verbal communication
It is very easy and quick as you can exchange ideas by saying words.

Disadvantages of verbal communication

Since it depends on words then it is very important to use correct words so that other
person can understand easily.

Written Communication
It is an act of communicating through written words. Just like when you send messages
by written mode or the information written in newspaper, books etc.

Advantages of written communication

-It is a permanent record
-It can be circulated easily
-Suitable for future references

Disadvantages of written communication

-It takes time to write documents
-Once written it is difficult to change
-It requires good knowledge of language and grammar
-Receiver can interpret it in the wrong way

Public speaking
Speaking in front of a large number of people is called public speaking. It is very difficult
for any person to speak in from of many audiences. So 3ps of Public speaking gives an
idea to improve this skill.

3Ps of Public Speaking

Prepare: First of all be prepared for what you are going to speak.
Practice: Practice in front of a mirror helps to overcome the fear of the audience.
Perform: Then perform in form of people. Take a long breath. This will help you when
you are nervous.

Session 3: Non-Verbal Communication

Non-verbal communication is the way of expressing ourselves without using words. We
can send many messages without using words, for example, can send a message
through expression, eye contact, touch etc. More examples are given below
Importance of non-verbal communication
In our daily life, we see that most of the communication is non-verbal. Many time we
express ourself just by using our eye contact or by hand movements. So we can say
that non-verbal communication is very important in our life.

Visual communication
This is also a very important type of communication. Sending a message through
images is very popular as you can see many advertisements on the roadside and
signboards all these contain much information but in form of images. It is not bounded
to any language anyone can understand what is being expressed in the image.

Session 4: Writing Skills: Parts of Speech

From these sessions, you are going to study those topics which comes in the
English language. All these topics are not relevant to the Employability skills
Class 9 examination. So we will discuss only some important concepts.

There are 8 Parts of Speach

Noun: Words for people, place and things
Pronoun: Words used in place of Noun
Adjective: Word used to describe Noun or Pronoun.
Verb: Doing words
Adverb: Words used to describe Verb. Ex-fast, Slow
 Preposition: Used before Noun or Pronoun to show its position. Ex- on, in, at
Conjunction: Used to join words or group of words. Ex- Beacause, and
Interjection: It shows Emotion. Ex- Alas, Hurrah

Session 5: Writing Skills: Sentences

Types of sentences
Active and passive sentences. Example:
 Rahul plays cricket.
 Cricket is played by Rahul.

Types of sentences (according to their purpose)

Session 6: Pronunciation Basics

Correct pronunciation of words is very important to communicate well. Listen to correct
speeches and practising more and more you can achieve good pronunciation of words.

Different Sounds in English

Vowels: There are 5 vowels in the English language like a, e, i, o, u
Consonants: A total of 21 Consonants are there.
Diphthongs: Combination of two vowel sounds like ou, ea

Session 7: Greetings and Introductions

Types of greetings
Formal greetings: It is used when you don't know the person or to greet elderly people.
Informal greetings: It is used to greet friends, family or a person known to you.

Session 8: Talking about Self

Talking about yourself means introducing yourself. While introducing yourself keep it
concise and tell some basic things like name, age, address, likes, dislikes.

Session 9: Asking Questions I

5W+1H Method for Asking Questions

Who Where Where When What Why How

Session 10: Asking Questions II

There are two types of questions
1. Close-ended: The question which has answered only 'Yes' or 'No'. Options in the
answer are limited.
2. Open-ended: These type of questions can have a variety of answers

CHAPTER 2
Session 1: Introduction to Self-management
Self Management
It is a way of understanding yourself, your interest, abilities and how to keep a positive attitude
in difficult situations.

Benefits of Self Management skills

• It helps to develop good habits
• Also helps in overcoming bad habits
• Gives motivation to achieve goals in life
• Helps in overcoming in difficult situations

How to manage yourself?

Self Management Skills includes:
Self-awareness- Know about yourself
Self-control- Ability to control your behaviour
Self-confidence- Be confident you can achieve anything
Problem-solving- Try to find the solution to problems in your life
Self-motivation- Keep your self-motivation high
Personal Hygiene- Keep yourself clean, smart and healthy
Positive Thinking- Think Everything will be fine
Team Work- Support your team members in the work
Time Management- Complete task on time
Goal Setting- Make a goal. what do you want to achieve?

Session 2: Strength and Weakness Analysis

Strength and weakness are two mains things once you learn about it in your life then life
becomes easy. Try to find out what are you good at and what is your weakness. this session will
help you to understand all these concepts.

Knowing Yourself
It means knowing about yourself truly. There are many things hidden by yourself in front of
others and only you can know about yourself. This will help you to live a happy life. Try to find
out who you are, your likes-dislikes and many other things.

Strength and weakness analysis

Strength: The fields in which you are good.
Weakness: The areas in which you are not good and needs improvement.

How to identify strengths?

• Check what you can do very well
• Think of things in which your performance is always good
• Try to find out in what works you are appreciated

Identifying weaknesses
• Find out the areas in which you are not good and having difficulties doing that task
• Analyse the feedback you receive from others
• Accept your weakness and try to improve

Difference between interests and abilities

Most of the times it is mixed that interest and ability both are same. Interest is something
different.

Interest:
• Things which you like to do in your free times and which makes you feel happy
• These are the things which you do even no one asked you to do it
• The things which you want to learn in future

Ability:
• It is a natural capacity or acquired capacity that forces a person to do a particular thing.
• We see that sometimes interest and ability match and sometimes not.
• For example- You like to play football but you don't have the skill or the required strength to
play it

Session 3: Self-confidence
Self Confidence
Self-confidence is a sense of trusting in ourselves, trusting in our own ability and strengths. If a
person lacks self-confidence he cannot achieve his goals. self-confidence is very necessary to
achieve your target. It motivates you to do things in a good manner. It is a quality of believing in
our strength and have feelings that we can do anything.

Qualities of self-confident people

Self believe: They believe that they can do anything
Hard Work: They are hard-working people
Positive Attitude: They have a positive attitude towards a situation
Commitment: What to achieve in life is clear in them

How to Build Self Confidence?

Step 1: First of all appreciate your achievements. What you get in your life enjoy it and accept
the failure. Don't be demotivated by your failure

Step 2: Make sure you make a goal and start your preparation for that. take necessary steps to
achieve the goal

Step 3: Try to look at the good side. All things have good and bad side try to see the good part
in it and be happy.

Some factors which decrease self-confidence

• Negative thinking that I cannot do that thing
• When you only think about that mistakes made in past and don't learn from the mistakes
• Sometimes we think that success comes in the first attempt and never try again
• Be in a negative environment where people demotivates you and make you feel that you
cannot do it

Session 4: Positive Thinking

Positive thinking and its importance
A person's attitude is very important to complete any task. A person can have a 'positive' or
'negative' attitude in various circumstances. A positive attitude leads to giving good result.
Positive thinking people look at good things and tries to improve them whereas negative
thinking people see negative aspects of it and only worries about it without trying to improve it.

Positive thinking leads to good results like

• It helps to overcome challenges
• Gives you the energy to do well
• It helps to get better results at work
• Creates a happy environment around you
How to keep your thinking positive?
• Start your day in a positive way by prayer to god or by doing something which makes you
happy
• Manage some time to relax yourself
• Try to find good things even if you are in a bad situation
• Take feedback in a positive way
• Be thankful for good things that you have

Session 5: Personal Hygiene

Personal Hygiene is the thing that should not be ignored. It is a habit to keep yourself clean. it
helps to maintain good health. You should keep your body clean to avoid health issues.

Why personal Hygiene is Important?

• It helps you to be healthy
• Represents a good image of yourself
• It also avoids the feeling ashamed due to bad body smelling etc

Three steps to personal hygiene

Care: Take care of your body. Cut your nails in every week
Wash: Wash your hands frequently and take bath daily
Avoid: Avoid dirty clothes

Session 6: Grooming
The dressing is the thing which all of us do. Wearing a neat and clean dress gives us
confidence. The way a person dress and groom gives a message about his confidence and
smartness.
Why dressing and grooming are important?
• First of all, you look smart
• Feel confident about yourself
• It makes a good impression of yourself among others

Guidelines for dressing and grooming

Clothes: Your clothes should be neat and clean. Shoes should be polished
Hair: Hair should be washed regularly and keep a simple style
Face: Teeth should be clean. If you have a moustache and beards keep a style that suits on
your face

Session 1: Introduction to ICT

To store Data we use many methods like writing on paper, recording or we can type the content
in digital format. All these are used to store data. Some data are stored in digital format in
mobiles, computers or any other digital devices, these devices are called ICT(information and
communication technology) devices. In this section, we will read about the functioning of some
devices which we use in daily life.

ICT at Workplace
ICT is a very important part of the workplace. Almost all the sectors of the economy use ICT to
store information and for the transaction of money. Nowadays all the information is being
digitalised as it is very easy to send to many people in a very little time.

At the workplace, we use different programs to complete our tasks like in banking we use ICT
for maintaining records of people and for the transaction of money. In the same manner, we use
computers for editing videos, booking tickets, animating, recording, storing data etc.
ICT at Home

ICT has also become a part of our home appliances. These days Television is very
common in every house for entertainment and Mobile for calling. Now mobile is also
used for online classes. Smartphones with internet connections are very helpful to stay
connected with our friends, family through Facebook, Instagram etc.

Here are some examples of ICT uses in different sectors

Agriculture: Activities related to research and development
Beauty and Wellness: Use for Training programmes
Banking and Finance: Storing data and for the secure transaction of money
Health Care: Research and development of health facilities

Session 2: ICT Tools: Smartphones and Tablets - I

Smartphone: Once the mobile phone was only used for talking but nowadays
smartphones came into existence. With smartphones we can purchase things online,
we can play games, watch movies, make a video call, book a ticket and many more
things. Android, IOS and Windows are some common operating systems of
smartphones.

Tablet: Tablet is also like a smartphone. It has a wider screen. Some activities like
reading and watching movies need a wider screen so we use tablets. It can do almost
all the things that a computer does.

TV and Radio: TV and Radio are used as ICT tools for a long time. Radio is used to
broadcast only sound. TV is used to broadcast both sound and video. It is the easiest
way to reach a large number of people at a time.

Applications or apps: Apps are just like a program on the computer. different apps have
different functions. Some apps are already present on phones or tablets. There are many apps
present in an online stores like google play store and Apple App Store. We can purchase or
download it free of cost.

Commonly found Apps

Session 3: ICT Tools: Smartphones and Tablets — II
Mobile device layout
Power Button: used to start and shut down
Screen: on which we perform functions
Back Button: used to back screen
Microphone: Used while talking
Menu Button: Used to show options
Home Button: It brings back the home screen
Earpiece: used to listen to the voice on calls
Volume Button: Used to increase or decrease sound

Basic features of a mobile device

Bluetooth: Short-range wireless connectivity
Rechargeable Battery: To powerup device
WiFi: To connect local area network or internet
Cellular Network: Provides network to Call, send messages and connect with internet
GPS: to provide location services

Home Screen of a Mobile Device

Top: It s a status bar that displays icons of the network, wifi, battery level etc.
Middle: the main part of the screen on which we do all tasks.
Bottom: It has a back, recent and home button

Basic Gesture use

Tap: to select
Tap and hold: It acts like right-click on the mouse which shows options
Pinch: to Zoom in or out
Double-tap: to Zoom

Session 4: Parts of a Computer and Peripherals

Input Device: Device through which we input data in a computer. Like- Mouse, Keyboard

Keyboard
Types of keys on Keyboard
1. Function keys: Keys from F1 to F12 which performs special functions
2. Control Keys: Ctrl, Alt, Tab, Shift are control keys
3. Enter Key: to enter the data
4. Navigation Key: The four arrow keys(Up, Down, Left, Right) are navigation keys
5. Command Keys: Delete and backspace are command keys.
6. Windows Keys: It opens the start menu

Pointing Devices:
Mouse: It allows to control the pointer of the mouse on the screen and select icons.
Joystick: It is commonly used for video games
Light pen: used to make graphic designs
Graphic Tablet: It allows you to write on the screen.
Touchscreen: To send touch signals to a computer
Trackball: It is just like a mouse but used for special purpose
Scanner: It scans the document and converts it into digital form

MICR: Magnetic Ink Character Reader used to read Cheques in Banks.

OCR: Optical Character Reader to convert books and prints to electronic form
OMR: Optical Mark Reader used to detect marks on paper of MCQ type exams
Barcode Reader: It is used to read barcodes on different things like books, food packets etc
Microphone (Mic): To Input audio
Web Camera: to input Video
Biometric Sensor: To input Fingerprints
Smart Card Reader: It reads Credit and Debit Cards
Output Devices
Output Devices are used to get the output of the task done on the computer. First of All, we
input some data and then it goes into processing after all we get the final result.

We get output from these devices: Monitor, Printer, Plotter, Speaker, Headphone, Projector,
Speach Synthesizer

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

It is the part of the computer which carries out all the tasks. It mainly processes the input data
and gives the output data.

ALU: Arithmetic and Logic Unit carries out all logical and arithmetic tasks like addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division, <,>,= etc.
Control Unit (CU): It mainly coordinates with input and output devices.

Motherboard
A motherboard also referred to as a system board, is the main circuit board inside a computer. It
connects input, processing and output devices.

Computer Memory
It is a storage area where all the data is stored.

Primary Memory
RAM: Random Access Memory is an internal memory that is volatile means no data is saved in
RAM. Only tasks are carried out in this memory.

ROM: Read Only Memory stores all the data. It is non Volatile that means once data is saved it
remains there until you delete it.

Secondary Memory
It is an external device to store data. Example: Pendrives, CDs, External Hard Disk Drive,
Memory Card etc.

Key Concepts
• 8 bits make a byte
• 1024 bytes make a kilobyte(KB).
• 1024 KB make 1 megabyte (MB)
• 1024 megabyte make 1 gigabyte (GB)
• 1024 gigabytes make 1 terabyte (TB)
Ports and connections
The slots in which we connect a mouse, keyboard, pen drive, internet etc.

USB: Universal Serial Bus Port used to connect a mouse, keyboard pen drives
Display Port: It connects video devices like Monitor and Projector
Audio Ports: It is used to connect audio devices like Mic, Speakers
Ethernet Port: It connects to high-speed internet
Power Port: It is used to connect the power supply.

Session 5: Basic Computer Operations

Computer hardware: The physical part of a computer which we can touch like monitor, CPU,
UPS, keyboard, Mouse etc are the hardware of the computer.

Software: The part that we cannot see or touch like programmes on a computer. The software
makes hardware work or interacts with humans. The most important software is OS (Operating
System). It starts working as soon as we start the computer. Example: Windows, Ubuntu, Linux
etc.

Starting a computer
To start a computer, press the Power button on the CPU. This will start the Windows operating
system and display the Windows desktop on the monitor.

Basic functions performed when a computer starts

When we start the computer, it runs automatically a basic program BIOS which self tests. If
everything is ok then it runs OS and finally, the computer starts.

Login and logout

When multiple users use the same computer and want to secure their data separately then they
can create login IDs. each one has a different password to start the computer and after
completing the task logout is done.

Shutting down a computer

It is a process to turn off the computer. To shut down the computer in Ubuntu by clicking
“Systems” at the top right and then click on Shut Down. In windows, we can click Alt+F4 to shut
down the computer.

Files and folders

File: All information are kept in files. Files have names and extensions. Different files have
different extensions to identify the file types. Ex- .txt for text document, .jpeg for image, .avi for
video etc
Folder: It is a location where a group of files can be stored. We can create a no. of folders
inside the folder. A folder within folded is called a subfolder.

Session 7: Communication and Networking — Basics of Internet

Internet is a huge network of computers around the world. World Wide Web (WWW) is a
collection of all websites we visit on the internet.

Uses Of Internet
• Search information
• Shopping
• Online booking
• Entertainment
• E-mail and chatting
• Online learning
• Social networking
• Online banking

Connecting to the Internet

An Internet Service Provider (ISP)─i.e., the telephone company which provides Internet
connectivity using the phone lines or a wireless network.

Types of connections
(a) Wired connections: When the internet is connected through a wired medium like ethernet
cable.
(b) Wireless connection: When the internet is connected through a wireless medium like Wifi.

Bandwidth: The amount of data transferred in a certain amount of time. In analogue devices,
the bandwidth is expressed in cycles per second, or Hertz (Hz). Data transferred digitally is
measured by bits per second (bps)

1 Kbps (kilobits per second) = 1000 bits per second

1 Mbps (megabits per second) = 1000 kilo bits per second
1 Gbps (gigabits per second) = 1,000 mega bits per second
Internet browser: The application software is used to visit websites. Example -Chrome, Firefox

Session 8: Communication and Networking — Internet

Browsing
World Wide Web (WWW)
It is a vast network of files stored in computers all over the world.It is made up of

1. Web Page: A web page is a document present on a computer that is connected to the
internet each webpage has a unique address like https://www.crackmycbse.com.

2. Web browser: Application software to use the information available on the Internet. Ex-
Chrome, Opera, Firefox

3. Hyperlinks: Highlighted words on a webpage. If you click on that it will redirect you to
another page.

Important parts of a web browser

(i) Address bar: To type the address of the webpage

(ii) Tabbed browsing (Ctrl+T): It is used to view multiple web pages in the same window
(iii) Back and forward buttons: Used to get back or next page
(iv) Refresh button (F5): To refresh the page

Session 9: Communication and Networking —

Introduction to e-Mail
Electronic Mail (E-mail) is a quick way to send messages to people using the internet. We can
send videos, documents, spreadsheets, etc., along with the e-mail as attachments.

E-mail ID or Address
The e-mail address is made up of two parts separated by the @ symbol.
Ex- [email protected], crackmycbse is the name given by the user and gmail.com
domain which provides mail service.
Advantages of e-mail
1. Delivery of mail is very fast.
2. Cost of mail is almost free.
3. Multiple copies can be sent at a time
4. pictures, documents can be attached

Comparison between Post mail and E-mail.

Session 10: Communication and Networking —

Creating an e-Mail Account
Go to gmail.com click on create an account. After filling in all the details set up a new account.

Session 11: Communication and Networking— Writing

an e-Mail
To write a new e-mail, connect to the Internet and open Gmail. Sign In with your login Id. Click
on compose and write the message. after entering the mail address of the receiver set the mail.
Draft Folder: All emails are stored which are written but not sent.
Junk/Spam: The mail which is not useful is stored in it.
Trash: Holds all deleted emails.

Session 12: Communication and Networking —

Receiving and Replying to e-mails
Receiving an e-mail: All emails received are in Inbox.
Replying to an e-mail: To reply to the email click on the reply button.
Forwarding an e-mail: To send the same message click on forward
Deleting an e-mail: Click on the delete icon to delete emails.

SECTION B
CHAPTER 1
Introduction to IT and ITes Industry Class 9 Notes

Information Technology Class 9 Notes. In this chapter Introduction to IT-ITes Industries, we will
learn about Information Technology and its uses in industries. This chapter will help you to
understand the basic functionality of IT sector industries. For Class 9 IT CODE 402 this is UNIT
1 of the subject-specific skills. Information Technology Class 9 provides you a brief knowledge
of various fields like IT industries and BPO sectors. IT is used in almost every sector like
schools, offices, hospitals, news, television, etc. By going through these notes of Class 9 IT
CODE 402 Unit 1: Introduction to IT and ITes Industries you will complete your syllabus. All the
topics covered here are according to the NCERT book class 10 and is according to the new
syllabus.

Information Technology

Information Technology means to create, manage, store and exchange of data via various
methods. To transfer, create and store data we need many technologies such as computer
software and hardware, etc. These technologies help us to manage the data in a significant
way.
Information Technology enabled Services (ITeS)

Information Technology can be seen in every industry. This technology regulates the functioning
of the industries smoothly. Those industries which enable Information Technology to provide
quality services is called Information Technology Enabled Services (ITes). some industries also
use web-enabled services or Remote services to improve the efficiency of their work.

BPO services

Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) services mean those business operations which are
performed by an outside service provider. In other words, you can say that some industries take
help from other service providers to facilitate their work. They heir some outsourcing companies
for that work and those outsourcing companies is called BPO (Business Process Outsourcing).

Some of the BPO services are as follows:

(a) Financial and Accounting Services

(b) Taxation and Insurance Services

(c) E-Publishing and Web Promotion

(d) Legal Services and Content Writing

(e) Multimedia and Design Services

(f) Document Management Services

(g) Software Testing Services

(h) Health Care Services

BPM industry in India

The IT BPM (Business Process Management) industry is doing an exceptional job in the growth
of India. This industry provides quality services. We can say that It has been filing India's
growth.

BPO service industry is expanding in India at a great pace due to the following
advantages.
(a) BPO service providers in India invest a lot of money in the new technologies. the ensures to
provide error-free service. They are investing in quality software and hardware to give us better
performance.

(b) Government of India is also providing then backbone support to them. The government
provides the necessary infrastructure and logistical support to them to make their work easy.

(c) BPO Industry in India is highly developed and they are capable of giving us quality service.
They are trying to become more and more advance.

Structure of the IT-BPM industry

a) Multinational Companies (MNCs): Those companies whose headquarter is in

outside India but are operating their work in many locations worldwide is called
Multinational companies. These companies provide a number of jobs.

b) Indian Service Providers (ISPs): ISPs are those providers whose operations
are in India. Most of these organizations have their headquarters in India and all
the jobs done by them from India.

c) Global In-house Centers (GIC): GIC organisations work for the parent
company they have to fulfill the parent company's work

IT applications

Nowadays Information Technology can be seen everywhere around the world.. All of us using it
every day. Here we will discuss some applications of IT in our day to day life. We will discuss
how IT is involved in our life from home to school and offices.

IT in home computing

We use a PC (personal computer) at our home. The computer is used in our homes for surfing
the internet, making presentations, video, games, etc.
IT in everyday life

In our daily life, most of the equipment we are using is embedded with software. Microwave has
its own software to maintain the temperature and also washing machines, the set-top box has
software to interact with us and give us a good experience.

IT in library

Nowadays managing books in the library is not such tough work. Libraries are now
computerised. To manage a lot of books barcodes can be associated with books which makes
the process easy to keep track of the list of available books and many more.

IT at workplace

all the offices are equipped with computers. Most of the work is now done on computers. In
offices computers and software makes their work very easy and fast.

IT in education

Information technology IT is very much used in education for teaching-learning processes. The
software and Hardware made the process of learning very easy. We can see a lot of animations
in educational videos which made studying very interesting. Various methods of illustrations are
now brought to visualize what we are reading in the real world.

(a) ICT in the classroom

ICT can be used in various ways in schools.

• e-learning classrooms;

• smart-board presentations;

• videos on experiments;

• creation of images and video;

• desktop publishing of magazines, letters and documents;

(b) Education — anywhere anytime

A lot of books and educational content are now digitalized. We can get the content whenever we
want. Our government is also providing websites to access NCERT books online.

(c) Teaching aids and media

ICT is used mostly as a teaching aid in schools to

• use pictures, animations and audio-visuals to explain subjects that are difficult to explain.

• make the lessons interesting using presentations.

• organise lessons using the computer.

(d) Learning Management System (LMS)

A Learning Management System (LMS) is being used by many schools to manage their school
system. This system is very useful for managing attendance and result. Is well designed to
record students' data in an effective way.

IT in entertainment

One can now download movies, play games, chat, video calls using mobiles and computers.
Digital broadcasting has opened a door to the world. It changed the television experience. digital
programs are now more interactive and use very much graphics designing.

IT in communication

In communication, IT has a significant role. One can easily chat through various platforms.
Video calling has now become easier. IT has really changed the way of communication.
IT in business

Computers are used in business organisations for payroll calculation, sales analysis, financial
forecasting, managing and maintaining stocks. Most of the businesses now use a digital mode
of payment. To manage all the records companies rely on computers.

IT in science and engineering

To do complex scientific calculations, Computer-Aided Design (CAD) or Computer-Aided

Manufacturing (CAM) Scientists and engineers use software applications. It made their work
easy. drawing and calculation became very easy.

IT in banking

Banking without computers can't be imagined. A lot of work is done in the computers from
transactions to maintaining records. Recurring deposits (e-RD), Fixed deposits (e-FD), money
transfer from one account to another (NEFT, RTGS), online transactions are done using the
Internet.

IT in insurance

Insurance companies use a computer to store data of their clients. It manages their data and
gives them timely notifications for their premium. It allows the user to get a good knowledge
over their policy.

IT in marketing

The computer is very much needed in marketing. The computer is used to create sell
advertisements. It is used to monitor the performance of the product in the market. different
illustrations can be made to present the product in an effective and decorative way.

IT in health care

Our hospitals are now computerised a lot of healthcare activities are now monitored by
computers. Some of the high-level gadgets are made to serve in hospitals.
(i) Computerised Axial Tomography Machine (CAT): Using this machine three-dimensional
(3D) images of different parts of the body can be made. These images are helpful in the
diagnosis of diseases.

(ii) MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging Machine):

MRI machines are used to provide an image of the internal organs of the body by using strong
magnetic fields and radio waves. The digital images are very helpful in the detection of the
disease.

(iii) Electrocardiogram (ECG) Machine: This machine is used to monitor the heartbeat of a
person. This machine records the electrical impulse.

(iv) Cardiac Screening Machine: This machine is used to detect the problems related to the
heart. It monitors the internal working of the heart.

(v) EEG (Electro encephalography) Machine:

The Electro encephalography machine is used to record the activities of the brain. This machine
works both in the patient is sleeping of awake.

(vi) Blood Sugar Testing Machine: This is used to check the sugar level in blood.

(vii) Blood Pressure Measuring Machine: Blood pressure can be checked digitally by the
blood pressure measuring machine.

IT in the government and public service

The government uses many computer applications to provide their schemes to a large number
of people. The government has also it's own web portal and applications where we can get the
information regarding any policy and schemes.

Introduction to IT and ITes Industry Class 9 Notes

Information Technology Class 9 Notes. In this chapter Introduction to IT-ITes Industries, we will
learn about Information Technology and its uses in industries. This chapter will help you to
understand the basic functionality of IT sector industries. For Class 9 IT CODE 402 this is UNIT
1 of the subject-specific skills. Information Technology Class 9 provides you a brief knowledge
of various fields like IT industries and BPO sectors. IT is used in almost every sector like
schools, offices, hospitals, news, television, etc. By going through these notes of Class 9 IT
CODE 402 Unit 1: Introduction to IT and ITes Industries you will complete your syllabus. All the
topics covered here are according to the NCERT book class 10 and is according to the new
syllabus.

Information Technology

Information Technology means to create, manage, store and exchange of data via various
methods. To transfer, create and store data we need many technologies such as computer
software and hardware, etc. These technologies help us to manage the data in a significant
way.

Information Technology enabled Services (ITeS)

Information Technology can be seen in every industry. This technology regulates the functioning
of the industries smoothly. Those industries which enable Information Technology to provide
quality services is called Information Technology Enabled Services (ITes). some industries also
use web-enabled services or Remote services to improve the efficiency of their work.

BPO services

Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) services mean those business operations which are
performed by an outside service provider. In other words, you can say that some industries take
help from other service providers to facilitate their work. They heir some outsourcing companies
for that work and those outsourcing companies is called BPO (Business Process Outsourcing).

Some of the BPO services are as follows:

(a) Financial and Accounting Services

(b) Taxation and Insurance Services

(c) E-Publishing and Web Promotion

(d) Legal Services and Content Writing

(e) Multimedia and Design Services

(f) Document Management Services

(g) Software Testing Services

(h) Health Care Services

BPM industry in India

The IT BPM (Business Process Management) industry is doing an exceptional job in the growth
of India. This industry provides quality services. We can say that It has been filing India's
growth.

BPO service industry is expanding in India at a great pace due to the following
advantages.

(a) BPO service providers in India invest a lot of money in the new technologies. the ensures to
provide error-free service. They are investing in quality software and hardware to give us better
performance.

(b) Government of India is also providing then backbone support to them. The government
provides the necessary infrastructure and logistical support to them to make their work easy.

(c) BPO Industry in India is highly developed and they are capable of giving us quality service.
They are trying to become more and more advance.
Structure of the IT-BPM industry

a) Multinational Companies (MNCs): Those companies whose headquarter is in

outside India but are operating their work in many locations worldwide is called
Multinational companies. These companies provide a number of jobs.

b) Indian Service Providers (ISPs): ISPs are those providers whose operations
are in India. Most of these organizations have their headquarters in India and all
the jobs done by them from India.

c) Global In-house Centers (GIC): GIC organisations work for the parent
company they have to fulfill the parent company's work

IT applications

Nowadays Information Technology can be seen everywhere around the world.. All of us using it
every day. Here we will discuss some applications of IT in our day to day life. We will discuss
how IT is involved in our life from home to school and offices.

IT in home computing

We use a PC (personal computer) at our home. The computer is used in our homes for surfing
the internet, making presentations, video, games, etc.

IT in everyday life

In our daily life, most of the equipment we are using is embedded with software. Microwave has
its own software to maintain the temperature and also washing machines, the set-top box has
software to interact with us and give us a good experience.

IT in library

Nowadays managing books in the library is not such tough work. Libraries are now
computerised. To manage a lot of books barcodes can be associated with books which makes
the process easy to keep track of the list of available books and many more.
IT at workplace

all the offices are equipped with computers. Most of the work is now done on computers. In
offices computers and software makes their work very easy and fast.

IT in education

Information technology IT is very much used in education for teaching-learning processes. The
software and Hardware made the process of learning very easy. We can see a lot of animations
in educational videos which made studying very interesting. Various methods of illustrations are
now brought to visualize what we are reading in the real world.

(a) ICT in the classroom

ICT can be used in various ways in schools.

• e-learning classrooms;

• smart-board presentations;

• videos on experiments;

• creation of images and video;

• desktop publishing of magazines, letters and documents;

(b) Education — anywhere anytime

A lot of books and educational content are now digitalized. We can get the content whenever we
want. Our government is also providing websites to access NCERT books online.

(c) Teaching aids and media

ICT is used mostly as a teaching aid in schools to

• use pictures, animations and audio-visuals to explain subjects that are difficult to explain.

• make the lessons interesting using presentations.

• organise lessons using the computer.

(d) Learning Management System (LMS)

A Learning Management System (LMS) is being used by many schools to manage their school
system. This system is very useful for managing attendance and result. Is well designed to
record students' data in an effective way.

IT in entertainment

One can now download movies, play games, chat, video calls using mobiles and computers.
Digital broadcasting has opened a door to the world. It changed the television experience. digital
programs are now more interactive and use very much graphics designing.

IT in communication

In communication, IT has a significant role. One can easily chat through various platforms.
Video calling has now become easier. IT has really changed the way of communication.

IT in business

Computers are used in business organisations for payroll calculation, sales analysis, financial
forecasting, managing and maintaining stocks. Most of the businesses now use a digital mode
of payment. To manage all the records companies rely on computers.

IT in science and engineering

To do complex scientific calculations, Computer-Aided Design (CAD) or Computer-Aided

Manufacturing (CAM) Scientists and engineers use software applications. It made their work
easy. drawing and calculation became very easy.
IT in banking

Banking without computers can't be imagined. A lot of work is done in the computers from
transactions to maintaining records. Recurring deposits (e-RD), Fixed deposits (e-FD), money
transfer from one account to another (NEFT, RTGS), online transactions are done using the
Internet.

IT in insurance

Insurance companies use a computer to store data of their clients. It manages their data and
gives them timely notifications for their premium. It allows the user to get a good knowledge
over their policy.

IT in marketing

The computer is very much needed in marketing. The computer is used to create sell
advertisements. It is used to monitor the performance of the product in the market. different
illustrations can be made to present the product in an effective and decorative way.

IT in health care

Our hospitals are now computerised a lot of healthcare activities are now monitored by
computers. Some of the high-level gadgets are made to serve in hospitals.

(i) Computerised Axial Tomography Machine (CAT): Using this machine three-dimensional
(3D) images of different parts of the body can be made. These images are helpful in the
diagnosis of diseases.

(ii) MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging Machine):

MRI machines are used to provide an image of the internal organs of the body by using strong
magnetic fields and radio waves. The digital images are very helpful in the detection of the
disease.
(iii) Electrocardiogram (ECG) Machine: This machine is used to monitor the heartbeat of a
person. This machine records the electrical impulse.

(iv) Cardiac Screening Machine: This machine is used to detect the problems related to the
heart. It monitors the internal working of the heart.

(v) EEG (Electro encephalography) Machine:

The Electro encephalography machine is used to record the activities of the brain. This machine
works both in the patient is sleeping of awake.

(vi) Blood Sugar Testing Machine: This is used to check the sugar level in blood.

(vii) Blood Pressure Measuring Machine: Blood pressure can be checked digitally by the
blood pressure measuring machine.

IT in the government and public service

The government uses many computer applications to provide their schemes to a large number
of people. The government has also it's own web portal and applications where we can get the
information regarding any policy and schemes.