UNIT− IV : ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION and ALTERNATING CURRENTS

CHAPTER Alternating Current

07
TOPIC COVERED

7.1. Introduction 7.2. AC Voltage Applied to a Resistor

7.3. Representation of AC Current and 7.4. AC Voltage Applied to an Inductor

Voltage by Rotating Vectors-
Phasors

7.5. AC Voltage Applied to a Capacitor 7.6. AC Voltage Applied to a Series LCR

Circuit

7.7. Power in AC Circuit : The Power 7.8. Transformers

Factor

Analysis of Last 10 Year's CBSE Board Quesions Paper

Topics → MCQ VSA SA-I SA-II LA CB

12
→

10
Number of Questions

0
7.1 7.2 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8

Previous Year Question Paper Analysation :−

−

(i) Topic 7.6 AC Voltage Applied to a Series LCR Circuit is highly scoring topic.

(ii) Maximum weightage is of topic 7.6 AC Voltage Applied to a Series LCR Circuit.

(iii) Maximum MCQ, SA II, LA type questions were asked from topic 7.6 AC Voltage
Applied to a Series LCR Circuit.

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Alternating Current 2

MCQ (1 Marks)
Choose and write the correct option(s) in the following questions.
Q1. If the rms current in a 50 Hz ac circuit is 5 A , the Q7. When an ac voltage of 220 V is applied to the
value of the current 1/300 seconds after its value capacitor
becomes zero is [NCERT Exemplar]
[NCERT Exemplar] (a) the maximum voltage between plates is 220 V .
(a) 5√2 A (b) 5
(b) the current is in phase with the applied voltage.
(c) the charge on the plates is in phase with the
(c) 5/6 A (d) 5/√2 applied voltage.
Q2. An alternating current generator has an internal (d) power delivered to the capacitor is zero.
resistance and an internal reactance . It is Q8. In an circuit, voltage and current are given
used to supply power to a passive load consisting by
of a resistance and a reactance . For 100 sin 100 volt
maximum power to be delivered from the 100 sin !100 # $ mA
generator to the load, the value of is equal to 3
The power dissipated in the circuit is
(a) 10& w
[NCERT Exemplar]
(b) 10 W
(a) zero (b)
(c) 2.5 W (d) 5 W
(c) (d) Q9. Which of the following combinations should be
Q3. When a voltage measuring device is connected to selected for better tuning of an LCR circuit used
ac mains, the meter shows the steady input voltage for communication?
of 220 V. This means [NCERT Exemplar]
[NCERT Exemplar] (a) 20 Ω, * 1.5 H, 35 -F
(a) input voltage cannot be ac voltage, but a dc (b) 25 Ω, * 2.5 H, 45 -F
voltage. (c) 15 Ω, * 3.5 H, 30 -F
(b) maximum input voltage is 220 V . (d) 25 Ω, * 1.5 H, 45 -F
(c) the meter reads not but and is calibrated Q10. The output of a step–down transformer is
to read √ . measured to be 24 V when connected to a 12 watt
(d) the pointer of the meter is stuck by some light bulb. The value of the peak current is
mechanical defect. [NCERT Exemplar]
Q4. To reduce the resonant frequency in an LCR series (a) 1/√2 A (b) √2 A
circuit with a generator [NCERT Exemplar] (c) 2 A (d) 2√2 A
(a) the generator frequency should be reduced. Q11. The selectivity of a series * ac circuit is large,
(b) another capacitor should be added in parallel to the when [CBSE 2020 (55/5/1]
(a) * is large and is large
first.
(b) * is small and is small
(c) the iron core of the inductor should be removed.
(c) * is large and is small
(d) dielectric in the capacitor should be removed.
(d) *
Q5. Electrical energy is transmitted over large
distances at high alternating voltages. Which of
Q12. The phase difference between the current and the
voltage in series *
the following statements is (are) correct?
circuit at resonance is
[NCERT Exemplar]
[CBSE 2020 (55/5/2]
(b) /2
(a) For a given power level, there is a lower current.
(a)
(c) /3
(b) Lower current implies less power loss.
(d) zero
0 cos 3 #
(c) Transmission lines can be made thinner.
Q13. An alternating current is given by
sin 3 . The rms current is given by
(d) It is easy to reduce the voltage at the receiving end
using step–down transformers. 4 64 4 84
Q6. In a pure inductive circuit, the current (a) 5 7 (b) 5 7
√ √
457 6477
(a) lags behind the applied emf by an angle 45 47
(b) lags behind the applied emf by an angle /2 (c) (d)
√
(c) leads the applied emf by an angle /2 Q14. An alternating voltage source of variable angular
(d) and applied emf are in same phase frequency ' 3 ' and fixed amplitude ' ' is
connected in series with a capacitance and
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3 CBSE Excellent Physics Class 12

electric bulb of resistance (inductance zero). [CBSE Sample Paper–2022, Term–1]

When ' 3 ' is increased (a) flux leakage (b) copper loss
[CBSE Sample Paper–2022, Term–1] (c) hysteresis loss (d) eddy current
(a) the bulb glows dimmer Q21. Which among the following is not a cause for
(b) the bulb glows brighter power loss in a transformer?
(c) net impedance of the circuit remains unchanged [CBSE Sample Paper–2022, Term–1]
(d) total impedance of the circuit increases (a) Eddy currents are produced in the soft iron core of
Q15. The rms current in a circuit connected to a 50 Hz a transformer.
ac source is 15 A. The value of the current in the (b) Electric flux sharing is not properly done in
0
circuit !9::$ s after the instant the current is zero, primary and secondary coils.
(c) Humming sound produced in the transformers due
is to magnetostriction.
[CBSE 2022 (55/2/4), Term–1] (d) Primary coil is made up of a very thick copper
(a) 0;
√
A (b) 15√2 A wire.
√
(c) 0; A Q22. Which of the following graphs represent the
variation of current L=M with frequency LGM in an
(d) 8 A
Q16. When an alternating voltage < <: sin 3 is AC circuit containing a pure capacitor?
>
applied to a circuit, a current = =: sin !3 # $ [CBSE Sample Paper–2022, Term–1]
flows through it. The average power dissipated in
the circuit is [CBSE 2022 (55/2/4), Term–1]
(a) <rms ⋅ =@AB (b) <: =:
C E
(c) D D (d) zero
√
Q17. The voltage across a resistor, an inductor, and a
capacitor connected in series to an ac source are
20 V, 15 V and 30 V respectively. The resultant
voltage in the circuit is (a) (b)
[CBSE 2022 (55/2/4), Term–1]
(a) 5 V (b) 20 V
(r) 25 V (d) 65 V
Q18. A series * circuit is
shown in figure. The
source frequency G is
varied, but the current is
kept unchanged. Which of
the curves shows changes (c) (d)
of H and with frequency? Q23. An inductor, a capacitor and a resistor are
connected in series across an ac source of voltage.
If the frequency of the source is decreased
gradually the reactance of
(a) (b) [CBSE 2023 (55/3/1)]
(a) both the inductor and the capacitor decreases.
(b) inductor decreases and the capacitor increases.
(c) both the inductor and the capacitor increases.
(d) inductor increases and the capacitor decreases.
Q24. The figure shows variation of
current ( = ) with time ( ) in
four devices N, O, and P.
(c) (d) The device in which an
alternating current flows is
Q19. A 300 Ω resistor and a capacitor of I >;J-F are
connected in series to a 200 V 50 Hz ac source.
The current in the circuit is
[CBSE 2022 (55/2/4), Term–1] [CBSE 2023 (55/4/1)]
(a) 0.1 A (b) 0.4 A (a) N (b) O
(c) 0.6 A (d) 0.8 A (c) (d) P
Q20. The core of a transformer is laminated to reduce Q25. An ac voltage Q Q: sin 3 is applied to a series
the effect of combination of a resistor and an element . The

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Alternating Current 4

instantaneous current in the circuit is =

>
=: sin !3t # $. Then which of the following is
&
correct?
[CBSE 2023 (55/4/1)]
(a) is a capacitor and H √2 Answers
(b) is an inductor and
(c) is an inductor and √2
Q1. B Q2. C Q3. C Q4. B Q5. A,B,D
(d) is a capacitor and H
Q26. The instantaneous values of EMF and the current Q6. B Q7. C,D Q8. C Q9. C Q10. A
in a series circuit are < <: sin 3 and = Q11. C Q12. D Q13. C Q14. B Q15. A
=: sinL3 # /3M respectively, then it is
Q16. D Q17. C Q18. A Q19. B Q20. D
[CBSE Sample Paper–2022, Term–1]
(a) necessarily a * circuit Q21. D Q22. C Q23. B Q24. A Q25. D
(b) necessarily a circuit Q26. D
(c) necessarily a * circuit
(d) can be RC: or LCR circuit

ASSERTION−
−REASON __________________

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (a) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct
answer out of the following choices.

(a) Both A and Rare true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and Rare true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.

1. Assertion (A) : An alternating current of frequency 50 Hz becomes zero, 100 times in one second.
Reason (R) : Alternating current changes direction and becomes zero twice in a cycle.
2. Assertion (A) : Capacitor serves as a block for S and offers an easy path to .
Reason (R) : Capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to frequency.
3. Assertion (A) : When capacitive reactance is smaller than the inductive reactance in * circuit, emf leads
the current.
Reason (R) : The phase angle is the angle between the alternating emf and alternating current of the circuit.
4. Assertion (A) : Transformers are used only in alternating current source not in direct current.
Reason (R) : Only a.c. can be stepped up or down by means of transformers. [AIIMS 2009]
5. Assertion (A) : An inductance and a resistance are connected in series with an AC circuit. In this circuit the
current and the potential difference across the resistance lags behind potential difference
>
across the inductance by an angle .
Reason (R) : In LR circuit voltage leads the current by phase angle which depends on the value of
inductance and resistance both.
6. Assertion (A) : In series * resonance circuit, the impedance is equal to the ohmic resistance.
Reason (R) : At resonance, the inductive reactance exceeds the capacitive reactance.
7. Assertion (A) : An alternating current does not show any magnetic effect.
Reason (R) : Alternating current does not vary with time.
8. Assertion (A) : In series LCR–circuit, the resonance occurs at one frequency only.
Reason (R) : At resonance, the inductive reactance is equal and opposite to the capacitive reactance.
9. Assertion (A) : A step–up transformer cannot be used as a step–down transformer.
Reason (R) : A transformer works only in one direction. [CBSE 2022 (55/2/4), Term–1]
10. Assertion (A) : It is advantageous to transmit electric power at high voltage.
Reason (R) : High voltage implies high current.

Answers

1. A 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. B

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5 CBSE Excellent Physics Class 12

Case–based/Passage–based Questions (4 Marks)

(Long Answer)
Each of the following questions are of 4 marks.
Read the paragraph given below and answer the questions
that follow :
1. Electrical Energy Transmission and (c) the power is increased before transmission is done
Distribution: (d) the voltage is decreased so / losses are
reduced
(iii) A power transmission line feeds input power at
2300 V to a step down transformer with its
primary windings having 4000 turns. The number
of turns in the secondary in order to get output
power at 230 V are
(a) 4 (b) 40
(c) 400 (d) 4000
(iv) The metal/alloy that is more suitable for making
cores of transformers is
(a) steel (b) soft iron
Figure: Long distance power transmissions (c) copper (d) brass

The large–scale transmission and distribution of

electrical energy over long distances is done with
the use of transformers. The voltage output of the
generator is stepped–up. It is then transmitted over
long distances to an area sub–station near the
consumers. There the voltage is stepped down. It
is further stepped down at distributing sub–stations
and utility poles before a power supply of 240
reaches our homes.
[CBSE Sample Paper–2022, Term–I, Modified]
(i) Which of the following statement is true?
(a) Energy is created when a transformer steps up the
voltage.
(b) A transformer is designed to convert an AC
voltage to DC voltage.
(c) Step–up transformer increases the power for
transmission.
(d) Step–down transformer decreases the AC voltage.
(ii) If the secondary coil has a greater number of turns
than the primary,
(a) the voltage is stepped–up I B TJ and
arrangement is called a step–up transformer
(b) the voltage is stepped–down ( B T ) and
arrangement is called a step–down transformer
(c) the current is stepped–up ( =B =T ) and
arrangement is called a step–up transformer
(d) the current is stepped–down ( =B =T ) and
arrangement is called a step–down transformer
OR
We need to step–up the voltage for power
transmission, so that
(a) the current is reduced and consequently, the =
loss is cut down
(b) the voltage is increased, the power losses are also
increased
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Alternating Current 6

VSA (1 Marks)
(Very Short Answer)
Each of the following questions are of 1 marks.
Q1. Define capacitor reactance. Write its SI units? Q7. What is the impedance of a capacitor of
[CBSE Delhi 2015] capacitance in an circuit using source of
Q2. Explain why current flows through an ideal frequency X Hz ?
capacitor when it is connected to an ac source but [CBSE 2020 (55/2/I)]
not when it is connected to a U source in a steady Q8. A light bulb and a solenoid are connected in series
state. across an ac source of voltage. Explain, how the
[CBSE (East) 2016] glow of the light bulb will be affected when an
Q3. Define 'quality factor' of resonance in series LCR iron rod is inserted in the solenoid.
circuit. What is its SI unit? [CBSE (F) 2017]
[CBSE Delhi 2016] Q9. Why is the use of voltage preferred over U
Q4. In a series * circuit, H V W. voltage? Give two reasons.
What is the value of power factor for this circuit? [CBSE (Al) 2014]
[CBSE Panchkula 2015] Q10. What is the average value of voltage
Q5. The power factor of an ac circuit is 0.5. What is : sin 3

0 to
.
the phase difference between voltage and current
3
over the time interval
in this circuit?
[CBSE (F) 2015, (South) 2016] [HOTS]
Q6. What is wattless current? Q11. What is the rms value of alternating current shown
[CBSE Delhi 2011, Chennai 2015] in figure?
[HOTS]

SA − I (2 Marks)
(Short Answer Type − I)

Each of the following questions are of 2 marks.

Q1. An alternating voltage < <: sin 3 is applied to (b) In a series * circuit, H V W . What is the
a circuit containing a resistor connected in series value of power factor for this circuit?
with a black box. The current in the circuit is [CBSE 2020 (55/2/1)]
found to be =: sinL3t # /4M. Q3. A circular coil of radius 10 cm and 20 turns is
rotated about its vertical diameter with angular
speed of 50 rad s 80 in a uniform horizontal
magnetic field of 3.0 \ 108 T.
(i) Calculate the maximum and average emf induced
in the coil.
(ii) If the coil forms a closed loop of resistance 10 Ω,
(i) State whether the element in the black box is a calculate the maximum current in the coil and the
capacitor or inductor. average power loss due to Joule heating.
(ii) Draw the corresponding phasor diagram and find [CBSE 2019 (55/4/1)]
the impedance in terms of . Q4. Calculate the quality factor of a series * circuit
Q2. The coil of an ac generator consists of 100 turns of with * 2.0 H, 2 -F and 10 Ω. Mention
wire, each of area 0.5 m . The resistance of the the significance of quality factor in LCR circuit.
wire is 100 Ω. The coil is rotating in a magnetic [CBSE (F) 2012]
field of 0.8 T perpendicular to its axis of rotation, Q5. An ac source of emf : sin 3 is connected to
at a constant angular speed of 60 radian per a capacitor of capacitance . Deduce the
second. Calculate the maximum emf generated expression for the current ( = ) flowing in it. Plot
and power dissipated in the coil. the graph of (i) vs. 3t, and (ii) = vs. 3t.
[CBSE 2023 (55/2/1)] [CBSE 2020 (55/2/1), 2023 (55/3/1)]
Q. 3. Q6. Both alternating current and direct current are
(a) Explain the term 'sharpness of resonance' in ac measured in amperes. But how is the ampere
circuit. defined for an alternating current?
[NCERT Exemplar]

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7 CBSE Excellent Physics Class 12

Q7. A 60 W load is connected to the secondary of a Q10.

transformer whose primary draws line voltage. If a (a) A 44 mH inductor is connected to 220 V, 50 Hz
current of 0.54 A flows in the load, what is the ac supply. Determine the rms value of current in
current in the primary coil? Comment on the type the circuit.
of transformer being used. [NCERT] [CBSE (AI) 2013, 2012]
[NCERT Exemplar] (b) What is the net power absorbed by the circuit in a
Q8. Explain why the reactance provided by a capacitor complete cycle?
to an alternating current decreases with increasing
frequency.
[NCERT Exemplar]
Q9. Explain why the reactance offered by an inductor
increases with increasing frequency of an
alternating voltage.
[NCERT Exemplar]

SA − II (3 Marks)
(Short Answer Type − II)
Each of the following questions are of 3 marks.
Q1. Show that the current leads the voltage in phase by Q6. A capacitor of unknown capacitance, a resistor of
/2 in an ac circuit containing an ideal capacitor. 100 Ω and an inductor of self inductance * !>7 $
&
[CBSE (F) 2014]
Q2. In a series *
henry are connected in series to an ac source of
circuit, obtain the conditions under
200 V and 50 Hz. Calculate the value of the
which (i) the impedance of the circuit is minimum,
capacitance and impedance of the circuit when the
and (ii) wattless current flows in the circuit.
current is in phase with the voltage. Calculate the
[CBSE (F) 2014]
power dissipated in the circuit.
Q3. State the underlying principle of a transformer.
[CBSE South 2016]
How is the large scale transmission of electric
Q7. A series LCR circuit is connected to an ac source (
200 V, 50 Hz ). The voltages across the resistor,
energy over long distances done with the use of
transformers?
capacitor and inductor are respectively
200 V, 250 V and 250 V.
[CBSE (AI) 2012]
Q4. An electric lamp connected in series with a
(i) The algebraic sum of the voltages across the three
capacitor and an ac source is glowing with of
certain brightness. How does the brightness of the elements is greater than the voltage of the source.
How is this paradox resolved?
is 40 Ω,
lamp change on reducing the (i) capacitance and
(ii) frequency? (ii) Given the value of the resistance of
calculate the current in the circuit.
[CBSE Delhi 2010, (North) 2016]
Q5. The figure shows the graphical variation of the [CBSE (F) 2013]
reactance of a Q8.
(i) Find the value of the phase difference between the
current and the voltage in the series *
capacitor with
frequency of ac circuit
source. shown below. Which one leads in phase: current
(a) Find the or voltage?
capacitance of the (ii) Without making any other change, find the value
capacitor. of the additional capacitor, 0 , to be connected in
(b) An ideal inductor parallel with the capacitor , in order to make the
has the same power factor of the circuit unity.
[CBSE Delhi 2017, Allahabad 2015]
A series * 20 Ω, L 2 ` and
reactance at 100 Hz
frequency as the Q9. circuit with
capacitor has at the same frequency. Find the 50 -F is connected to a 200 volts ac source of
value of inductance of the inductor. variable frequency. What is (i) the amplitude of
(c) Draw the graph showing the variation of the the current, and (ii) the average power transferred
reactance of this inductor with frequency. to the circuit in one complete cycle, at resonance?
[CBSE 2020 (55/2/1)] (iii) Calculate the potential drop across the
capacitor.

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Alternating Current 8

[CBSE 2023 (55/4/1)]

Q10. A series circuit with 200 Ω and (a) Determine the source frequency which drives the
;:
! > $ -F is connected across an ac source of peak circuit in resonance.
voltage a: 100 V and frequency 50 Hz.
(b) Calculate the impedance of the circuit and
amplitude of current at resonance.
Calculate (a) impedance of the circuit (Z), (b) Show that potential drop across * combination is
phase angle ( ϕ ), and (c) voltage across the
(c)
zero at resonating frequency.
resistor. [CBSE 2023 (55/2/1)] [CBSE 2019 (55/2/1)]
;:
Q11. A resistor of 30 Ω and a capacitor of -F are
> Q16. A device ' ' is connected to an ac source. The
connected in series to a 200 V, 50 Hz ac source. variation of voltage, current and power in one
Calculate complete cycle is shown in the figure.
(i) the current in the circuit, and
(ii) voltage drops across the resistor and the capacitor
(iii) Is the algebraic sum of these voltages more than
the source voltage? If yes, solve the paradox.
[CBSE 2023 (55/4/1)]
Q12. The primary coil of an ideal step up transformer
has 100 turns and transformation ratio is also 100.
The input voltage and power are 220 V and 1100
W respectively. Calculate
(a) the number of turns in the secondary coil.
(b) the current in the primary coil.
(c) the voltage across the secondary coil.
(d) the current in the secondary coil. (a) Which curve shows power consumption over a full
(e) the power in the secondary coil. cycle?
[CBSE Delhi 2016] (b) What is the average power consumption over a
Q13. An inductor * of cycle?
reactance c is (c) Identify the device ‘X’ ?
connected in series with [NCERT Exemplar]
a bulb d to an ac source Q17.
as shown in figure. (i) Draw the graphs showing variation of inductive
Explain briefly how reactance and capacitive reactance with frequency
does the brightness of the bulb change when (i) of applied ac source.
number of turns of the inductor is reduced (ii) an (ii) Can the voltage drop across the inductor or the
iron rod is inserted in the inductor and (iii) a capacitor in a series * circuit be greater than th
capacitor of reactance H is included in the app i d voltag of th ac sourc ? Justify your answer.
circuit. [HOTS]
[CBSE Delhi 2014, 2015] Q18. The variation of inductive reactance L M of an
Q14. A capacitor L M and resistor L M are connected in inductor with the frequency LGM of the ac source of
series with an ac source of voltage of frequency 50 100 V and variable frequency is shown in the fig.
Hz. The potential difference across and are (i) Calculate the self−inductance of the inductor.
respectively 120 V, 90 V, and the current in the (ii) When this inductor is used in series with a
circuit is 3 A. Calculate (i) the impedance of the capacitor of unknown value and a resistor of 10 Ω
circuit (ii) the value of the inductance, which when at 300 s−1, maximum power dissipation occurs in
connected in series with and will make the the circuit. Calculate the capacitance of the
power factor of the circuit unity. capacitor. [CBSE 2020 (55/5/1)]
[CBSE 2019 (55/2/1)]
Q15. The figure shows a series * circuit connected to
a variable frequency 230 source.

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LA (5 Marks)
(Large Question Answer)
Each of the following questions are of 5 marks.
Q1. Explain the term inductive reactance. Show (d) Obtain an expression for the current in the circuit
graphically the variation of inductive reactance and its phase relation with ac voltage.
with frequency of the applied alternating voltage. Q4.
An ac voltage : sin 3 is applied across a (a) An alternating voltage A sin 3 applied to a
pure inductor of inductance *. Find an expression series * circuit drives a current given by
for the current , flowing in the circuit and show A sinL3 # ϕM. Deduce an expression for the
mathematically that the current flowing through it average power dissipated over a cycle.
lags behind the applied voltage by a phase angle of (b) For circuits used for transporting electric power, a
>
. Also draw (i) phasor diagram (ii) graphs of low power factor implies large power loss in
and versus 3 for the circuit. transmission. Explain.
[CBSE East 2016] [CBSE (F) 2011]
OR
: sin 3 is applied to a series LCR
Q2.
(a) What is impedance? A voltage
(b) A series * circuit is connected to an ac source circuit. Derive the expression for the average
: sin 3t. Derive expression
having voltage power dissipated over a cycle.
for the impedance, instantaneous current and its Under what condition is (i) no power dissipated
phase relationship to the applied voltage. Find the even thought the current flows through the circuit,
expression for resonant frequency. (ii) maximum power dissipated in the circuit ?
[CBSE Delhi 2010, 2023(55/1/1)] [CBSE (AI) 2014]
Q5. Find the condition for resonance in a series LCR
A sin 3 ,
OR
: sin 3
circuit connected to a source
where 3 can be varied. Give the factors on which
(a) An ac source of voltage is
connected to a series combination of *, and .
Use the phasor diagram to obtain expressions for the resonant frequency of a series LCR circuit
impedance of the circuit and phase angle between depends. Plot a graph showing the variation of
voltage and current. Find the condition when electric current with frequency in a series LCR
current will be in phase with the voltage. What is circuit. [CBSE 2023 (55/1/1)]
the circuit in this condition called? Q6. Explain with the help of a labelled diagram, the
(b) In a series * circuit and power factor of principle and working of an ac generator. Write
the circuit is N0 . When capacitor with capacitance
the expression for the emf generated in the coil in
terms of speed of rotation. Can the current
such that H is put in series, the power
f produced by an ac generator be measured with a
factor becomes N . Calculate 5 .
f7 moving coil galvanometer?
[CBSE Delhi 2016] OR
Q3. A device ' ' is connected to an ac source Describe briefly, with the help of a labelled
: sin 3 . The variation of voltage, current and diagram, the basic elements of an ac generator.
power in one cycle is show in the following graph State its underlying principle. Show
: diagrammatically how an alternating emf is
generated by a loop of wire rotating in a magnetic
field. Write the expression for the instantaneous
value of the emf induced in the rotating loop.
[CBSE 2023 (55/2/1)]
OR

State the working of ac generator with the help of

a labelled diagram.
The coil of an ac generator having g turns, each of
area , is rotated with a constant angular velocity
(a) Identify the device ' '. 3. Deduce the expression for the alternating emf
(b) Which of the curves, , d and represent the generated in the coil.
voltage, current and the power consumed in the What is the source of energy generation in this
circuit? Justify your answer. device?
(c) How does its impedance vary with frequency of [CBSE (AI) 2011]
the ac source? Show graphically.

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Head Office : − Plot No. –110, 1st Floor, Above Canara Bank, Pkt–27, Sec–24, Rohini Branch Address :−
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Alternating Current 10

Q7. Q11.
(a) Describe briefly, with the help of a labelled (i) Draw a labelled diagram of generator. Derive
diagram, the working of a step up transformer. the expression for the instantaneous value of the
(b) Write any two sources of energy loss in a emf induced in the coil.
transformer. [CBSE Sample Paper 2021]
[CBSE LhM 2012] (ii) A circular coil of cross–sectional area 200 cm
(c) A step up transformer converts a low voltage into and 20 turns is rotated about the vertical diameter
high voltage. Does it not violate the principle of with angular speed of 50 rad s80 in a uniform
conservation of energy? Explain. magnetic field of magnitude 3.0 \ 108 T.
[CBSE Delhi 2011, 2009] Calculate the maximum value of the current in the
Draw a schematic diagram of a step–up coil. [CBSE Delhi 2017]
transformer. Explain its working principle. Deduce Q12.
the expression for the secondary to primary (i) Draw a labelled diagram of a step–up transformer.
voltage in terms of the number of turns in the two Obtain the ratio of secondary to primary voltage in
coils. In an ideal transformer, how is this ratio terms of number of turns and currents in the two
related to the currents in the two coils? coils.
How is the transformer used in large scale (ii) A power transmission line feeds input power at
transmission and distribution of electrical energy 2200 V to a step–down transformer with its
over long distances? primary windings having 3000 turns. Find the
[CBSE (AI) 2010, (East) 2016] number of turns in the secondary to get the power
Q8. With the help of a diagram, explain the principle output at 220 V.
of a device which changes a low voltage into a [CBSE Delhi 2017]
high voltage but does not violate the law of Q13.
conservation of energy. Give any one reason why (a) What do you understand by ‘sharpness of
the device may not be 100% efficient. resonance' for a series * resonant circuit? How
[CBSE Sample Paper 2018] is it related with the quality factor ' O ' of the
Q9. circuit? Using the graphs given in the diagram,
(a) Draw the diagram of a device which is used to explain the factors which affect it. For which
decrease high ac voltage into a low ac voltage and graph is the resistance L M minimum?
state its working principle. Write four sources of (b) A 2 -F capacitor, 100 Ω resistor and 8 H inductor
energy loss in this device. are connected in series with an ac source. Find the
(b) A small town with a demand of 1200 kW of frequency of the ac source for which the current
electric power at 220 V is situated 20 km away drawn in the circuit is maximum.
from an electric plant generating power at 440 V. If the peak value of emf of the source is 200 V,
The resistance of the two wire line carrying power calculate the (i) maximum current, and (ii)
is 0.5 Ω per km. The town gets the power from the inductive and capacitive reactance of the circuit at
line through a 4000–220 V step–down transformer resonance. [CBSE 2019 (55/4/1)]
at a sub–station in the town. Estimate the line
power loss in the form of heat.
[CBSE 2019 (55/1/2)]
Q10. A 2-F capacitor, 100 W resistor and 8 H inductor
are connected in series with an ac source.
(i) What should be the frequency of the source such
that current drawn in the circuit is maximum?
What is this frequency called?
(ii) If the peak value of emf of the source is 200 V,
find the maximum current.
(iii) Draw a graph showing variation of amplitude of
circuit current with changing frequency of applied
voltage in a series * circuit for two different
values of resistance 0 and L 0 M.
(iv) Define the term 'Sharpness of Resonance'. Under
what condition, does a circuit become more
selective?
[CBSE (F) 2016]

RAVINDER KUMAR (RAVI SIR) +91 9871423852, 9599847430

Head Office : − Plot No. –110, 1st Floor, Above Canara Bank, Pkt–27, Sec–24, Rohini Branch Address :−
− Ayodhya Chowk, Rohini Sector − 3, Delhi
Website : www.aryaninstitute.in