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Globalisation

Globalization refers to the flow of ideas, capital, commodities, people, technology, knowledge, and information across the globe, significantly accelerated by advancements in communication technology. It has political, economic, and cultural consequences, including the erosion of state capacity, increased trade, and cultural homogenization, while also allowing for cultural heterogenization. In India, globalization evolved from colonial roots through protectionism to economic reforms in 1991, leading to debates on its benefits and resistance from various political ideologies.

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Globalisation

Globalization refers to the flow of ideas, capital, commodities, people, technology, knowledge, and information across the globe, significantly accelerated by advancements in communication technology. It has political, economic, and cultural consequences, including the erosion of state capacity, increased trade, and cultural homogenization, while also allowing for cultural heterogenization. In India, globalization evolved from colonial roots through protectionism to economic reforms in 1991, leading to debates on its benefits and resistance from various political ideologies.

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Fearless gaming 28
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GLOBALISATION

Globalization in business context is about modus


operandi or the process how international exchanges
function!
What is Globalisation ?
• Globalisation is the flow of
Ideas,Capital,Commodities,people,technolo
gy,knowledge and Information around the
Globe
• These flows have taken place
through out human history
THE PRE-EXISTING FLOWS

RATION SHOPS (1945)


LOCAL MARKETS (1950S)

KHARI BAOLI (1920s) ELECTRONIC MEDIA (1920s)


(1959)
But now the flow is more quicker and
wider , the connectivity has increased because of
development in communication technology.
CAUSES OF GLOBALISATION

• The speed of these flows • Printing technology


has increased • Mass media and Electronic
• Technology remains as media
critical element
• Stock market exchanges
• The invention of the
telegraph,the telephone, • Money market
and the microchip • Modern education,
• Internet and world wide net professional degrees such
• The development of high as MBA,B Tech,MCA and
speed transporting system Medical degrees
THE SPEED OF COMMUNICATION HAS
REACHED EVEN TO THE RURAL POOR
CONSEQUENCES OF
GLOBALISATION
• POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES

• ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES

• CULTURAL CONSEQUENCES
POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES

• Globalisation results in an erosion of state


capacity
• ‘Welfare state’ is now giving way to a more
minimalist state
• State capacity has received a boost as a
consequence of globalisation, with enhanced
technologies available at the disposal of the
state to collect information about its citizens.
POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES
• At the same time, globalisation does not always
reduce state capacity. The primacy of the state
continues to be the unchallenged basis of
political community
ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES
ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES

• The mention of economic globalisation draws


our attention immediately to the role of
international institutions like the IMF and the
WTO.
• This flow or exchange can take various forms:
commodities, capital, people and ideas.
Globalisation has involved greater trade in
commodities across the globe
ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES
• The restrictions on movement of capital
across countries have also been reduced.
• Some economists have described economic
globalisation as recolonisation of the world
ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES
ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES
Globalization in its cultural manifestation affects our
home and lives, in the ways we eat, drink, wear, and even
think !
Globalization leads to the rise of a uniform culture or what is
called cultural homogenization.
NEGATIVE SIDE:
• Such uniformity often is understood as Global culture and as
the imposition of Western culture on the rest of the world.
•The popularity of a Burger or blue jeans, some argue, has a lot
to do with the powerful influence of the American way of life.
• The culture of the politically and economically
dominant society leaves its imprint on a less powerful
society.
• ‘McDonaldisation’ of the world.
• It leads to the shrinkage of the rich cultural heritage
of the entire globe.
Yet, It would be a mistake however to assume that cultural
consequences of Globalisation are only negative.

POSITIVE SIDE:
• It leads to each culture becoming more different and
distinctive. This phenomenon is called cultural
heterogenization.
•Sometimes, Cultural influences simply enlarge our choices, and
sometimes they modify our culture.
•The burger is no substitute for a masala dosa and, therefore,
does not pose any real Challenge.
•Blue jeans, on the other hand, can go well with a homespun
khadi kurta.
INDIA & GLOBALISATION
1. COLONIAL ROOTS..
During the colonial period, as a consequence
of Britain’s imperial ambitions, India became
an exporter of primary goods and raw
materials and a consumer of finished goods.
2. PROTECTIONISM..
After independence, because of this
experience with the British, we decided to
make things ourselves rather than relying on
others. We also decided not to allow others
to export to us so that our own producers
could learn to make things.
3. THE PROBLEMS..
Above idea generated its own problems.
While some advances were made in certain
arenas, critical sectors such as health,
housing and primary education did not
receive the attention they deserved. India
had a fairly sluggish rate of economic growth.
4. ECONOMIC REFORMS..
In 1991, responding to a financial crisis and
to the desire for higher rates of economic
growth, India embarked on a programme of
economic reforms that has sought
increasingly to de-regulate various sectors
including trade and foreign investment.
5. THE TEST..
While it may be too straight to say how
good/bad this has been for India, since the
ultimate test is not just the high growth
rates, but it is more about making sure that
the benefits of growth are shared to
everyone’s betterment!
CAN WE OPPOSE
GLOBALISATION?
RESISTANCE TO GLOBALISATION!
(Worldwide)
THE LEFTISTS..
•Argue that contemporary globalisation represents a
particular phase of global capitalism that makes the
rich richer (and fewer) and the poor poorer.
•Greater intervention of the market forces leads to a
reduction in the capacity of the state to protect the
interest of its poor.
THE RIGHTISTS..
Express anxiety over the political, economic and cultural
effects. In political terms, they also fear the weakening of the
state. Economically, they want a return to self-reliance and
protectionism, at least in certain areas of the economy.
Culturally, they are worried that traditional culture will be
harmed and people will lose their age-old values and ways.

ANTI GLOBAL MOVEMENTS..


•Many anti-globalisation movements support the cause of
resistance like above by participating in global networks, allying
with those who feel like them in other countries.
•However, most of them are not opposed to the idea of
globalisation per se as much as they are opposed to a specific
programme of globalisation, which they see as a form of
imperialism.
WTO MEET..
In 1999, at the World Trade Organisation (WTO)
Ministerial Meeting there were widespread protests at
Seattle alleging unfair trading practices by the
economically powerful states. It was argued that the
interests of the developing world were not given
sufficient importance in the evolving global economic
system.
WSF-
The World Social Forum (WSF) is another global platform, which
brings together a wide coalition composed of human rights
activists, environmentalists, labour, youth and women activists
opposed to neo-liberal globalisation.
First WSF meeting was held in 2001,Brazil. Thereafter, fourth
time in 2004, Mumbai and recently in 2018 again in Brazil.

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