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8th CBSE - Chapter 1 Crop Production

The document outlines the three categories of crops grown in India: Kharif, Rabi, and Zaid, along with the essential activities involved in crop cultivation such as soil preparation, sowing, and harvesting. It also describes important agricultural tools and terms related to crop production, including the differences between fertilizers and manure. Additionally, it emphasizes the significance of pest control, irrigation, and proper storage methods for harvested grains.

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29 views3 pages

8th CBSE - Chapter 1 Crop Production

The document outlines the three categories of crops grown in India: Kharif, Rabi, and Zaid, along with the essential activities involved in crop cultivation such as soil preparation, sowing, and harvesting. It also describes important agricultural tools and terms related to crop production, including the differences between fertilizers and manure. Additionally, it emphasizes the significance of pest control, irrigation, and proper storage methods for harvested grains.

Uploaded by

akrut826
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1 – Crop Production and Management

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Three categories of crops are grown in India

o Kharif Crops: The crops which are grown in the rainy season (i.e., from June to
September) are called Kharif crops. Paddy, maize, soybean, groundnut, and cotton
are Kharif crops.
o Rabi Crops: The crops are grown in the winter season (i.e., from October to March)
are called rabi crops. Examples of rabi crops are wheat, gram, pea, mustard, and
linseed.
o Zaid Crops (or Summer Crops): The crops grown in the summer season are ( called
zaid crops. Moong, muskmelon, watermelon, cucumber, gourd and bitter gourd are
examples of zaid crops.

Cultivation of crops involves the following activities:

o Soil Preparation: It involves loosening and tilling of the soil (i.e., ploughing and
watering).
o Sowing: Sowing is the process of putting seeds in the soil.
o Adding Manure and Fertilisers: The substances, which are added to the soil in the
form of nutrients to improve the production of the crops and fertility of the soil are
called manure and fertilisers.
o Irrigation: Supply of water to crops at appropriate intervals is called irrigation.
o Protection from Weeds: Weeds are the unwanted plants that grow along with the
crops. Its removal is a must for the better growth of the crops. These can be
controlled by spraying certain chemicals, called weedicides, like 2, 4-D.
o Harvesting: The cutting of the crop after it is mature is called harvesting.
o Storage: If the crop grains are to be kept for a longer time, they should be safe
from moisture, insects and rats.

Important agricultural tools:


o Plough: This is used for tilling the soil, adding fertilisers to the crop, removing the
weeds, scraping of soil, etc. This implement is made of wood and drawn by a pair
of bulls.

o Hoe: It is used for removing weeds and for loosening the soil.

o Cultivator: Used for ploughing. It is driven by a tractor. Use of cultivator saves


labour and time.

o Seed Drill: Used for sowing with the help of tractors. This tool shows the seeds
uniformly at a proper distance and depth.
o Sickle: Used for manual harvesting.

Other Important Terms

o Humus: Humus is the top layer of the soil formed by decaying or decomposition of
organic matters like animal remains, shed leaves, the dung of cattle.

o Pests: Pests are the insects or rodents that destroy much of our crop yield. Thus, it
is necessary to save crops from pests.

o Fumigation: Fumigation is the most effective method for checking the growth of
insects by providing smoke or chemicals in the gaseous state without affecting the
grain.

o Animal husbandry: Animals reared at home or on a farm, have to be provided with


proper food, shelter and care, when this is done on a large scale it is called animal
husbandry.

o Crop: When plants of the same kind are grown at a place in a regular manner on a
large scale, it is called a crop.

o Fertiliser: Fertilisers are chemicals which are rich in a particular nutrient like
nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

o Granaries: The harvested grains, usually are stored in huge stores, after they are’
properly dried in sunlight. Such stores are called granaries.

o Harvesting: The cutting of the crop after it is mature is called harvesting.

o Irrigation: Supply of water to crops at appropriate intervals is called irrigation.

o Manure: Manures are decomposed organic matter obtained from plant or animal
waste.

o Plough: The device used for tilling or ploughing is called plough.

o Seeds: A plant’s fertilised ovules, from which a new plant may grow, are called
seeds.

o Silo: Harvested grains are usually dried before being stored because moisture
encourages the growth of microorganism. They are then stored in metal or earthen
container, gunny bags. Such stores are also called silo.

o Sowing: It is a process to put seeds in the soil.


o Storage: It is to keep crop grains safe from moisture, insects and rats for a long
time.

o Threshing: The process of separation of grains from the chaff in the harvested plant
is called threshing.

o Weeds: Some undesirable or unwanted plants may grow naturally along with the
crop, such plants are called weeds.

o Weedicides: Those certain chemicals which are used to control weeds are called
weedicides. For example 2, 4-D (2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), metolachlor.

o Winnowing: A process to bring out the separation of grain and chaff is called
winnowing.

Differentiate Between

Fertilizer Manure

Manure is prepared from organic matter


Fertilizer is an inorganic salt such as human waste, cow dung and farm
waste

Fertilizers are manufactured in


Manures can be prepared in farms
factories

Fertilizers are added in comparatively Manures need to be added in large quantity


smaller quantities as the nutrient content is less

Fertilizers do not provide any humus


Manures provide a lot of humus to soil
to the soil

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