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Ray Optics 1

The document discusses spherical mirrors, categorizing them into concave and convex types based on their reflecting surfaces. It explains important terms related to spherical mirrors, laws of reflection, and the mirror formula, as well as the concept of magnification. Additionally, it includes CBSE questions related to image formation and calculations involving focal length and distances in relation to concave mirrors.

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3 views

Ray Optics 1

The document discusses spherical mirrors, categorizing them into concave and convex types based on their reflecting surfaces. It explains important terms related to spherical mirrors, laws of reflection, and the mirror formula, as well as the concept of magnification. Additionally, it includes CBSE questions related to image formation and calculations involving focal length and distances in relation to concave mirrors.

Uploaded by

neronbinoy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RAY OPTICS

Spherical Mirror
Curved shaped mirrors are known as spherical mirrors. On the basis of curve of reflecting
surface, spherical mirrors are categorised as:
Concave mirror: A spherical mirror, whose reflecting surface is curved inwards is called a
concave mirror. It means reflecting (polished) surface faces the centre of the sphere using
which it is made.
Convex mirror: A spherical mirror whose reflecting surface is curved outwards is called a
convex mirror.

Important Terms related to Spherical Mirrors


The mid-point or the centre of the reflecting surface of the mirror is known as pole of the
mirror. It is represented by P.
The centre of the hollow sphere from which the mirror is made, is known as centre of
curvature. It is represented by C. Centre of curvature in concave mirror is in front of the
mirror and in convex mirror, it is behind the mirror.
An imaginary straight line which joins the pole and centre of curvature of the mirror is
known as principal axis and the distance between the centre of curvature and pole of the
mirror is called the radius of curvature. It is represented by R.
Mirrors in which radius of curvature is much larger than aperture, there will be relation
between R and f such that f = R /2.
The image is virtual replica of an object. If rays emanating from a point actually meet at
another point, then the point is real image of the object; the image will be virtual if the rays
do not actually meet but appear to meet at the point when produced backward.

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Reflection of Light by Spherical Mirror
When light falls on an object, it bounces the light in the same medium from where the
light comes. This is called the reflection of light. Mirrors are good reflectors. A mirror can be
made by silvering a metal surface with glass in front and paint at its back.
Laws of reflection: It is observed that light obeys the following laws while reflecting
from any type of surface.
(i) The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, and (
(ii) ii) The incident ray, the normal to the surface at the point of incidence and the
reflected ray, all lie in the same plane.
Mirror formula: In a spherical mirror, there is a relation between object’s distance u, image
distance v and principal focus of the mirror f.

Magnification by Mirror:
The extent by which mirror extends or reduces the size of image with respect to object is
called the magnification factor of mirror. It is represented by m. If size of an object is h and
its image by spherical mirror is h’. Then

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CBSE QUESTIONS

1. Draw a ray diagram to show image formation when the concave mirror produces a
real, inverted and magnified image of the object. [CBSE 2018]
2. If a man’s face is 30.0 cm in front of a concave shaving mirror creating an upright
image 1.50 times as large as the object, what is the mirror’s focal length?
3. A mirror with a focal length of – 1000. cm is used to form an image. An object is
placed 50.0 cm in front of the mirror. Where is the image located?
4. Two objects P and Q when placed at different positions in front of a concave mirror of
focal length 20 cm, form real images of equal size. Size of object P is three times the
size of object Q. If the distance of P is 50 cm from the mirror, find the distance of Q
from the mirror.
5. Define the term ‘focal length of a mirror’ with the help of any diagram. Obtain the
relation between focal length and radius of curvature. [CBSE, 2020]
6. A concave mirror forms a real image of an object kept at a distance 9 cm from it. If
the object is taken away from the mirror by 6 cm, the image size reduces to 1/4 th of
its previous size. Find the focal length of the mirror. [CBSE, 2020]

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