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MSCS REVISION

The document outlines the spread of Islam in the UAE region, detailing its historical context, introduction, economic and cultural impacts, and significant architectural developments. It highlights key structures such as the Dome of the Rock, Al Aqsa Mosque, and the Mosque of Cordoba, emphasizing their shared architectural features and significance in Islamic culture. Additionally, it discusses the importance of preserving Islamic heritage and provides interactive activities for further learning.

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11 views

MSCS REVISION

The document outlines the spread of Islam in the UAE region, detailing its historical context, introduction, economic and cultural impacts, and significant architectural developments. It highlights key structures such as the Dome of the Rock, Al Aqsa Mosque, and the Mosque of Cordoba, emphasizing their shared architectural features and significance in Islamic culture. Additionally, it discusses the importance of preserving Islamic heritage and provides interactive activities for further learning.

Uploaded by

sanjay.sep4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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prepare for your test:


● Spread of Islam in the UAE Region
● Historical Context:
● Before Islam, during the Jahaliyya period, Arab merchants traded with surrounding
empires.
● Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was a merchant who, after receiving revelations, began
teaching Islam.

● Introduction of Islam:
● Islam spread quickly after the Hijra (migration) from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE.
● The region now known as the UAE received Islam during the Prophet’s lifetime.
● Early Islamic expansion included sending letters to local leaders (e.g., in Eastern
Arabia and the Al Julanda tribe) and military engagements, such as the battle at
Dibba.

● Economic and Cultural Impact:


● Key coastal ports like Suhar, Dibba, and Julfar became centers of trade and the
spread of Islamic civilization.

● Islamic Architectural Techniques


● Key Structures:
● Dome of the Rock (Jerusalem, c. 694 CE):
● One of the earliest Islamic monuments, associated with the Prophet’s Isra and Mi'raj.
● Features alternating bands of colored voussoirs (wedge-shaped stones) in its arches.
● Al Aqsa Mosque (c. 705 CE):
● Built near the Dome of the Rock; also features distinctive architectural elements such
as columns and arches.
● Mosque of Cordoba (Spain, c. 784 CE):
● Influenced by earlier Islamic designs, particularly noted for its red and white
voussoirs.
● Shared Features:
● All these structures use elements like arches, columns, mihrabs (niches indicating
the direction of Mecca), and distinctive patterns in stonework.
● Architectural Significance:
● These buildings not only served as places of worship but also as symbols of Islamic
art and innovation, influencing later architectural developments.

● Key Vocabulary and Concept


● Terms to Know:
● Julphar: A historic sea port near Ras Al Khaimah.
● Ahmed bin Majid: A renowned navigator from Julphar (born circa 1432), highlighting
the region’s maritime heritage.
● Jumeirah Archaeological Site: An important historical site in Dubai with remnants
of residential buildings, a mosque, and a market.
● Navigation: Techniques and instruments (like the astrolabe) used by Arab sailors to
journey across seas.

● Architectural Elements:
● Qibla wall: The wall that houses the mihrab, indicating the direction of prayer toward
Mecca.
● Voussoirs: Wedge-shaped stones used in constructing arches.
● Mihrab: A niche in the Qibla wall marking the direction of prayer.
● Niche: An ornamental recess in a wall.

● Preservation of Culture and Heritage


● The presentation emphasizes the importance of preserving the rich Islamic heritage
of the region through:
● Maintaining historic sites.
● Educating people about the architectural and cultural achievements of early Islamic
civilization.
● Continuing to celebrate and integrate these traditions in modern cultural practices.

● Additional Activities and Resources


● Interactive Elements:
● A mid-point check with matching exercises to connect vocabulary with their
definitions.
● An activity prompting descriptions of the Dome of the Rock, Al Aqsa Mosque, and the
Cordoba Mosque, focusing on their shared architectural traits.
● Online Resources:
● Links provided for further exploration, including a detailed look at a mosque on
Archnet and a YouTube video that discusses regional heritage and navigation
techniques.

1. Describe the Dome of the Rock


The Dome of the Rock, built in 691 AD by the Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik, is located in al-
Haram al-Sharif in Jerusalem. It features an octagonal exterior wall and an elaborate 20-
meter-wide dome, which is adorned with Quranic verses, mosaic decorations, and
calligraphy. The structure was built on a rock believed to commemorate the Isra’ wa al-
Miraj, the Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) night journey and ascension to heaven. It is
surrounded by marble colonnades and features arches with alternating black and white
voussoirs.
2. Describe the Al Aqsa Mosque
The Al Aqsa Mosque is situated near the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. Construction
began in 705 CE, shortly after the Dome of the Rock. Although it has been rebuilt and
expanded over time, it retains its hypostyle architecture with columns and arches featuring
distinctive alternating colored bands. The mosque is a significant Islamic site, believed to
be the location the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) visited during his night journey.

3. Explain how the architects of the Cordoba Mosque were aware of Islamic
architecture and building styles
The architects of the Cordoba Mosque in Spain (begun in 784 CE) incorporated features
inspired by earlier Islamic structures like the Dome of the Rock and Al Aqsa Mosque. The
use of alternating voussoirs in red and white in its arches shows a clear influence from the
Dome of the Rock’s black and white voussoirs and the Al Aqsa Mosque's alternating colored
bands. The hypostyle hall of the Cordoba Mosque also reflects traditional Islamic
architectural elements with rows of columns and arches.

4. Which parts look the same in all three buildings?

● Arches with alternating colored bands: The Dome of the Rock has black and
white voussoirs, the Al Aqsa Mosque has alternating bands of color, and the Cordoba
Mosque uses red and white voussoirs.
● Use of Columns and Hypostyle Architecture: All three structures feature rows of
columns supporting arches, a hallmark of early Islamic architecture.
● Decorative Motifs: Mosaic or calligraphic decorations appear in all three,
showcasing intricate Islamic art.

1. The Dome of the Rock (691 AD)


● Built by Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik in Jerusalem.
● Located in al-Haram al-Sharif (Noble Sanctuary).
● Architectural Features:
○ Octagonal exterior wall.
○ 20-meter-wide dome adorned with Quranic verses, mosaics, and calligraphy.
○ Marble colonnades and arches with black and white voussoirs.
● Religious Significance:
○ Built on the rock believed to be the site of Isra’ wa al-Miraj (Prophet Muhammad’s
PBUH night journey and ascension to heaven).
2. The Al Aqsa Mosque (705 CE)
● Located near the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.
● Construction began in 705 CE, shortly after the Dome of the Rock.
● Architectural Features:
○ Hypostyle architecture with columns and arches.
○ Arches featuring alternating colored bands.
● Religious Significance:
○ Believed to be the location Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) visited during Isra’ wa al-
Miraj.

3. Islamic Influence on the Cordoba Mosque (784 CE, Spain)


● Inspired by earlier Islamic structures like the Dome of the Rock and Al Aqsa Mosque.
● Architectural Features:
○ Alternating voussoirs in red and white, similar to:
■ Dome of the Rock’s black and white voussoirs.
■ Al Aqsa Mosque’s alternating colored bands.
○ Hypostyle hall with rows of columns and arches, reflecting early Islamic
architectural traditions.

4. Common Features in All Three Buildings


● Arches with Alternating Colored Bands:
○ Dome of the Rock → Black and white voussoirs.
○ Al Aqsa Mosque → Alternating bands of color.
○ Cordoba Mosque → Red and white voussoirs.
● Use of Columns and Hypostyle Architecture:
○ All three have rows of columns supporting arches.
● Decorative Motifs:
○ Mosaics, calligraphy, and intricate Islamic art present in all.

- BRO PRAY

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