MODULE 1: NATURE OF SCIENCE, > Scientific Attitudes

TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY 1. Honesty - recognize the work done by

others before him
NATURE OF SCIENCE - Presenting data truthfully
- It helps to resolve problems and issues that 2. Open-minded - look for other possibilities
people encounter in their day-to-day living 3. Creative and Critical Thinker - come up
- Systematized knowledge derived from with new concept
observation, experimentation to know the 4. Curiosity - discover more about the things
nature of what is being studied around him
- Comes from the Latin word “scire” 5. Persistent - continue the project despite
meaning “to know” obstacles and failures
- Originally called “Philosophy of the Natural 6. Objectivity - results are not influenced by
World” emotions or personal prejudices
- Framework for gaining and organizing 7. Precision - if it forms a pattern or
knowledge repeatedly occurring in nature
- Not just facts but a plan of action - - Lackness may result in
procedure for processing and inconsistency
understanding certain types of information 8. Responsibility - accountability
9. Collaboration - accept comments and
> Scientific Method suggestions from others
- Creative reasoning and testing of
hypothesis NATURE OF TECHNOLOGY
- Step-by-step process of solving and - For survival
analyzing scientific problems - Comes from the Greek word “techne”
meaning collection of techniques, skills,
1. Ask a question: Ask about something that and method, used in the production of
you observe (How, what, when, who, goods and services
which, why, where) - According to Steve Jobs, a pioneer of
2. Do background research: Doing library and microcomputer evolution, the thing that
internet research will help you find the best separates us from high primates is that we
way to do things and make sure that u are tool builders
don’t repeat the same mistakes again
3. Construct a hypothesis: Hypothesis is an NATURE OF SOCIETY
educated guess and it will help to answer - According to Aristotle, man was a social
questions with an explanation that can be animal by nature and one who does not
tested. It allows also to make predictions live in society was either a beast or God
4. Test your hypothesis by doing experiments: - Made up of community of people, including
Experiments will be the determining factor scientists and technologists
if your predictions are accurate/if your
hypothesis is supported or not POSITIVE IMPACTS OF TECHNOLOGY ON
5. Analyze your data and draw conclusions: SOCIETY
Collect the data and analyze them to see if 1. Has mechanized agriculture - produce
your hypothesis is supported or not vast quantities of goods in a short period of
6. Communicate your results: Present your time with less inputs
results 2. Has improved transportation - Mobility
for people and goods
 3. Has improved healthcare services - 5. Metal Industry - creation and innovation of
availability of info and big data metallic and steel products
4. Has improved communication - through 6. Food and Nutrition - relationship between
the internet, one can get information/latest the food we eat, S&T behind food prod.,
news easily and the etc
5. Has improved educ and learning 7. Forestry - managing, conserving, and
process - advanced tool and educational utilizing forests and wooded areas in a
applications sustainable manner
6. Has improved business and job 8. Disaster Risks Management - using
opportunities - you can now start administrative directives, organizations,
business at home and operational skills to implement
7. Has improved entertainment - like videos strategies etc
etc 9. Health - moral, social, physical well-being

NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF TECHNOLOGY ON

SOCIETY MODULE 2: HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN
1. Resource Depletion - more demand, THE COURSE OF SCIENCE AND
more pressure on earth’s resources TECHNOLOGY
2. Increased pollution - due to technological
advancement, many manufacturing and ANCIENT TIME
processing factories were built
3. Cybersickness - addiction which led to The Sumerian Civilization - emerged in SUMER
increased isolation and social imbalance — southern region of ancient Mesopotamia (Iraq
4. Unemployment - workloads are being and Kuwait)
done by machineries - 3500 BCE between the desert of Arabian
Peninsula, from Mediterranean cost to the
FIELDS OF S&T AND THE PRESERVATION OF plains of great Tigris and Euphrates River
COASTAL RESOURCES AND MGT
1. Life Sciences - living organisms like 1. Cuneiform - first form of writing
microorganisms, plants, animals, and - Using word pics and triangular
human beings symbols
- Zoology, botany, biology, - Recorded data, generated scientific
microbiology, biotechnology, and knowledge, and promoted trade
biomedical technology 2. Wheel - 4500 BC
2. Engineering - building structures that - Combination of wheel and axle is
would address specific needs and wants the most important invention of all
- Mechanical engineering, electrical time
engineering, civil engineering, - It is not merely used for transpo, but
structural engineering, and also for farm work and food
industrial engineering processes
3. Agriculture - land cultivation, crop and 3. Sailboat - 1300 BC
livestock raising, farming, and terrestrial - To transport people and goods
ecosystem 4. Irrigation system - to control flood and
4. Aquaculture - rearing/cultivation of aquatic grow crops
animals and plants for food - Canals, dams, and levees - to
control flood
 - Basins and dikes - to grow crops 1. Water mills - for metal shaping,
5. Ziggurat - terrace agriculture, and milling
- Successively receding stories or levels - Produce rice, cereals, etc
6. Plow - stable food supply 2. Odometer - distance traveled by a vehicle
- Before, they use animal horns or - Archimedes of Syracuse
pointed sticks 3. Cartography - study and practice of
making maps
The Babylonian Civilization - derived from - Navigations and travel
Sumerian culture (1800 BCE) 4. School of Medicine - by Hippocrates -
- First ever positional number system, Father of Western medicine (Hippocratic
accomplishments in advanced math, laying School of Medicine)
the foundation for all western astronomy,
impressive works in art, archi, and lit The Roman Civilization - focused more on
- Hanging Garden/The Gardens engineering

1. Arch - foundation for building bridges,

The Egyptian Civilization - 3000 BCE along Nile aqueducts, sewer, amphitheater, and
River coliseum
- Produced a very different culture 2. Roman Aqueducts - 312 BC
- Flourished for more than 2000 yrs before it - Used the downhill flow of water to
declined about 1000 BCE supply city centers
3. Roman Numerals - one of the most
1. Hieroglyphics - writing system popular numbering systems that is still in
> Papyrus - some writings are preserved use today
here - First used 900-800 BC
- Paper-like product made up of reed 4. Acta Diurna - also known as the Daily
fiber Events
- Fragile but because of the climate, - Political news, trials, military
some documents were kept campaigns, executions, and major
2. Pyramid - Great Pyramid and Sphinx of scandals
Giza 5. Architectural accession of the ancient
- Required centralized govt that could Rome
command vast resources
3. Cosmetics - reflected their social class The Chinese Civilization - Huanghe or Yellow
- Not only for physical appearance, River
but also for protection e.g. wigs: for - Established by nomadic warriors and
extreme heat lasted for six centuries
4. Mummification - preservation of the dead
body of a pharaoh bc they believe in 1. Silk - used in writing, fishing, and musical
reincarnation instruments
5. Clock - egyptians were the first one to - Dominantly used by high class and
divide their days into parts so they invented emperors but later spread to the
a clock which is lightweight and portable rest of the population
2. Brown leaf - fell into the water of Emperor
The Greek Civilization - 800 BCE Shennong (2737 BC) then the water turned
brown and he found it refreshing
 3. Kite - made using silk/paper and - Proved Galileo Galilei’s theory -
lightweight bamboo framework earth revolves around the sun
- To carry messages for search and which was supported by Nicolaus
rescue missions Coppernicus (opposed Catholic
- To test the wind church’s belief - earth is the center
- To estimate distance of the universe)
- For military communication 6. Microscope - invented by Hans Janssen
4. Compass - created by the Chinese to point and his son
south (cardinal direction) - South pointer - Made further by Anton Van
5. Wheelbarrow - Zhuge Liangof Shu Han Leeuwenhoek
- to carry military weapons and the 7. Lightning conductor - by Benjamin
soldiers’ dead and injured bodies Franklin
6. Seismograph - to measure the - Proved that lightning is a form of
movements of the earth and seasonal electricity when he flew a kite in a
winds thunderstorm
- First seismograph is called Houfeng 8. Mechanical clock - water clocks, candle
Didong clocks, and astrolabe to identify time and
7. Gunpowder - also known as black powder sundials
- Used in making weapons for - High Middle Ages - new method of
military defense time-keeping was discovered
8. Great Wall of China - during Qin Shi 9. Eyeglasses - “iteros ab oculis ad legend”
Huang meaning “glasses that are for reading”
- To protect China from Northern - Concave glass - nearsightedness,
invaders rays of light are diverge
- Convex lenses - farsightedness,
MEDIEVAL AGES rays of light are converge
- Also called Dark Ages
MODERN PERIOD
1. Building great cathedrals as there was a
huge rise in Christianity - cathedrals are The First Industrial Revolution
used to serve God - Began when Romantic period faded
- Shows the glory to God and to the - Romantic period resulted in American and
church French Revolutions
2. Building great castles for local nobility - - Improved three things: literature (produced
to protect strategic locations from enemy greatest works in history), technology and
attack science (advancement), and wars (people
- People built houses on the villages believed that they do not want to live in a
around the castles for protection society that is ruled by one all-powerful
3. Astrolabe - most important medieval monarchy)
invention and had been used for navigation - History of the world since the advent of
4. Printing - by Johannes Gutenberg Age of Reason and Age of Enlightenment
- The first book that had been printed in 17th and 18th centuries
was the Bible with 150 copies - EARLY MP - started during European
5. Telescope - invented by Dutchman Hans Exploration and ended during French
Lippershey Revolution
 - LATE MP - started right after the Early MP - Used to talk to someone on the
and ended on World War II other side of the world
- Invention that made money
1. Steam power - by James Watt - “Mr. Watson, come here. I want
- To power a vehicle using steam you.”
- George Stephenson’s Rocket was 3. Motorcar - by Nicolas Otto
the first locomotive to pull heavy - Karl Benz - invented the first car,
loads a long distance Benz Patent Motorwagen
2. Photography - creating durable images - Long time b4 card became common
either electronically or chemically - Petrol - cleaning fluid, available only
3. Cotton Gin - to easily separate cotton from the chemist
fibers from their seeds - Rolls Royce - for the rich
- The fibers are then produced into - Henry Ford - for the man in the
linens while any undamaged cotton street
will be used for textiles like clothing 4. Movies - the first movie was shown by the
4. Typewriter - good way to write books brothers Augueste and Louis Lumiere at
instead of manual writing the Grand Cafe in Paris
- It will make workloads easier and - First movie was The Arrival of a
mass production will be obtained Train at Ciotat Station
5. Sewing Machine - invented by Elias Howe 5. X-rays - by Wilhelm Rontgen
- Changed how the clothes were - Used to discover something that
made and was able to mass cannot be seen
produce - Henri Becquerel - discovered
- Isaac Singer - improved in such a radioactivity
way that it can be customized - Marie Curie - research about
6. Power Loom - invented by Edmund radioactivity and new radioactive
Cartwright elements
- Made woven much easier 6. Communications Radio - Heinrich Hertz -
- One of the most important first to prove that they existed
inventions during industrial - Guglielmo Marconi - created the
revolution world’s first radio station to transmit
and receive Morse code
The Second Industrial Revolution - also called - John Logie Baird - sent the first
Technological Revolution clear television pictures to be
- advances in steel production, electricity, transmitted (founded the Baird
and petroleum caused innovations in the Television Company Limited)
society 7. Flight
8. Rockets and Space Flights
1. Bulb - by Thomas Edison 9. Atomic bomb - used to destroy Hiroshima
- For cheaper, clean, and convenient and Nagasaki in Japan to end WWI
electric light The Third Revolution
- Edison’s Electric Illumination 1. Plastics
Company built their own power 2. Programmed electronic computer
station in New York 3. Electronic silicon chip
2. Telephone - by Alexander Graham Bell 4. CD
5. DNA