Mind map : learning made simple

Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, MATHEMATICS, Class-X

Chapter-1
Solve: 7x–15y = 2 –(i)
x+2y = 3 –(ii)

Solution: From equation (ii), x = 3–2y-(iii)

substitute value of x in eq. (i)
7(3–2y)–15y = 2 By
19 Su
–29y = –19⇔ y =
29 b a1x+b1y+c1 = 0
19 49

sti
∴In eq. (iii) x = 3 – 2 = a2x+b2y+c2 = 0

tu
29 29
orm
al F

tio
ner a1,b1,c1,a2,b2,c2, – Real numbers

n
Ge
Solve: 2x+3y = 8 – (i)
ebraic
Methods Pair of Linear
4x+6y = 7 – (ii) By Elimina Alg
tion Equations in Solutio
Graph n
Solution: From eq. (i)x 2–eq.(ii)x1, we ical
have Two Variables ly
(4x–4x) + (6y–6y) = 16–7 Each solution (x, y), corresponds
0 = 9, which is a false statement to a point on the line representing
The pair of equation has no solution the equation and vice-versa
Graphical

io n
Representation

t
ica
ipl
ult
S. No. Pair of Lines a1 b1 c1 Compare the Graphical Algebraic
Solve: 2x+3y–46 = 0 –(i)
s-M

a2 b2 c2 Ratios Representation Interpretation

3x+5y–74 = 0 –(ii)
os

1. x–2y = 0 a1 b Exactly one

Cr

Solution: By cross-multiplication method 1 –2 0 ≠ 1

3
x
–46
y
2
1
3
By 3x+4y–20 = 0 3 4 –20 a2 b2 solution –
consistent
(unique)
5 –74 3 5

x y
Then, =
3(–74)–5(–46) (–46)(3)–(–74)(2)
= 1
2(5)–3(3) Intersecting Lines
x y 1 a1 b c
= = 2. 2x+3y–9 = 0 2 3 –9 = 1= 1 Infinitely
–222+230 –138+148 10–9 4 6 –18 a2 b2 c2
4x+6y–18 = 0 many solutions
x y 1 x 1 y 1 – Dependent
= = ⇔ = and =
8 10 1 8 1 10 1
i.e. x = 8 and y = 10

[1
Coincident Lines
3. x+2y–4 = 0 1 2 –4 a1 b c No solution –
= 1≠ 1
2x+4y–12 = 0 2 4 –12 a2 b2 c2 Inconsistent
 Mind map : learning made simple

2]
Chapter-2

If p(x) and g(x) are two

polynomials with
Divisio -
ntation
g(x) ≠ 0, then –
nA
p(x)= g(x) × q(x) + r(x) lgo e prese Pa r a b o la
and are zeroes of where, r(x) = 0 or rit lR l
ica omia
Quadratic Polynomial degree of r(x) < degree
ph
Polyn

hm
a c
ax2 + bx + c
Then,
of g(x)
Gr dr
ati
ua
Sum of zeroes, Quadr Q
ati eroes and
onship-Z
b
+ =– c Relati
a
Polynomials
t of Polynomials
Product of zeroes
c ficien Degre
=
a Coef e of
Po
lyn
Zer
poly oes of y = x2–3x–4

om
, and are zeroes
Gra nomial

ial
of Cubic Polynomial
ic

phic

Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, MATHEMATICS, Class-X

ub

ax3 + bx2 + cx + d C ally Highest power of x in

Sum of zeroes,
b Polynomial, p(x)
+ + =– Case Graph Number of Zeroes
a
Sum of products of the

Type s
Case1- Graph cuts 2
zeroes taken two at a x-axis at 2 points
time Polynomial Degree General Form
c
+ + = Linear 1 ax+b
a
Product of zeroes Quadratic 2 ax2+bx+c
d
=– a a≠0
Case2- Graph cuts 1
x-axis at exactly Cubic 3 ax3+bx2+cx+d
one point a≠0

Case3- Graph does 0

not cut x-axis
 Mind map : learning made simple

Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, MATHEMATICS, Class-X

Chapter-3
Solve: 7x–15y = 2 –(i)
x+2y = 3 –(ii)

Solution: From equation (ii), x = 3–2y-(iii)

substitute value of x in eq. (i)
7(3–2y)–15y = 2 By
19 Su
–29y = –19⇔ y =
29 b a1x+b1y+c1 = 0
19 49

sti
∴In eq. (iii) x = 3 – 2 = a2x+b2y+c2 = 0

tu
29 29
orm
al F

tio
ner a1,b1,c1,a2,b2,c2, – Real numbers

n
Ge
Solve: 2x+3y = 8 – (i)
ebraic
Methods Pair of Linear
4x+6y = 7 – (ii) By Elimina Alg
tion Equations in Solutio
Graph n
Solution: From eq. (i)x 2–eq.(ii)x1, we ical
have Two Variables ly
(4x–4x) + (6y–6y) = 16–7 Each solution (x, y), corresponds
0 = 9, which is a false statement to a point on the line representing
The pair of equation has no solution the equation and vice-versa
Graphical

io n
Representation

t
ica
ipl
ult
S. No. Pair of Lines a1 b1 c1 Compare the Graphical Algebraic
Solve: 2x+3y–46 = 0 –(i)
s-M

a2 b2 c2 Ratios Representation Interpretation

3x+5y–74 = 0 –(ii)
os

1. x–2y = 0 a1 b Exactly one

Cr

Solution: By cross-multiplication method 1 –2 0 ≠ 1

3
x
–46
y
2
1
3
By 3x+4y–20 = 0 3 4 –20 a2 b2 solution –
consistent
(unique)
5 –74 3 5

x y
Then, =
3(–74)–5(–46) (–46)(3)–(–74)(2)
= 1
2(5)–3(3) Intersecting Lines
x y 1 a1 b c
= = 2. 2x+3y–9 = 0 2 3 –9 = 1= 1 Infinitely
–222+230 –138+148 10–9 4 6 –18 a2 b2 c2
4x+6y–18 = 0 many solutions
x y 1 x 1 y 1 – Dependent
= = ⇔ = and =
8 10 1 8 1 10 1
i.e. x = 8 and y = 10

[3
Coincident Lines
3. x+2y–4 = 0 1 2 –4 a1 b c No solution –
= 1≠ 1
2x+4y–12 = 0 2 4 –12 a2 b2 c2 Inconsistent
Mind map : learning made simple

4]
Chapter-4
Solve: 2x2–5x+3 = 0 Equation of degree 2,
in one variable
Solution: 2x2–5x+3 = 0

Meaning
5 3
x2– x+ = 0
2 2
2
5 2 3 5 2
1 By Completing
x– 5 – + = 0 ⇔ x– – =0 the
4 4 2 4 16
Sq General Form ax2+bx+c = 0
2 ua
x – 5 = 1 ⇔ x– 5 = ± 1 re tion of a Quadratic a, b, c – real numbers
4 16 4 4 Solu a≠
Equation
x=
5 +1
or x =
5 – 1
a dratic Equations
Qu
4 4 4 4

ion
3 Qu

zat
x= or x = 1 ad

Nature of Roots
2 rat Roots of ax2+bx+c = 0 are given by

tori
ic F
orm –b ± b2–4ac
u

By Fac
la
2a

Find roots of 6x2–x–2=0

Solution: 6x2+3x–4x–2 = 0

Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, MATHEMATICS, Class-X

For quadratic equation
3x(2x+1)–2(2x+1) = 0
ax2+bx+c = 0,
(3x–2)(2x+1) = 0
b2–4ac is Discriminant (D)

The roots of 6x2–x–2=0

(3x–2) = 0 or (2x+1) = 0
2 –1 S. No. Discriminant Roots
x= or x =
3 2 1. D>0 Two distinct
Roots are 2 –1 real roots
,
3 2
2. D=0 Two equal
real roots
No real roots
3. D<0 (imaginary)
Mind map : learning made simple

Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, MATHEMATICS, Class-X

Chapter-5

How many 2-digit numbers are Sum of first n positive integers

divisible by 3?
Let sn = 1 + 2 + 3 + ... n
2-digit numbers divisible by 3 a = 1, last term l = n
12, 15, 18, ... 99 n(a+l) n(1+n)
sn = =
a = 12, d = 3, an = 99 2 2
n(n+l)
n(a+l)
an = a + (n–1)d or sn =
2
99 = 12 + (n–1)3
87
i.e., n–1 = = 29 List of numbers in which each term
3

Exa m
n = 30 is obtained by adding a fixed number
on to the preceding term except the first term.
iti Fixed number is called common difference.

ple

fin
s

De
General form

Arithmetic a, a+d, a+2d, a+3d, ...

ean a+(n –1) d
hmetic m Progressions
t
Ari

If a, b, c, are in AP, Co
mm
a+c nth Term on Fixed number in arithmetic
b= Dif progression which provides
fere
(s )

2 nc e the to and fro terms by adding/

um

b is arithmetic mean S
subtracting from the present
number.
From beginning Can be positive or negative.
When first term of an = a+(n–1)d
common differnce is Here
When first & last
given : a – first term
terms are given :
n d – common difference
s= (a+an)

[5
2 an – nth term
n
s= (2a+(n–1)d) or
2 n From the end
a – first term s= (a+l) an = l – (n–1)d
2
Mind map : learning made simple

6]
Chapter-6
Statement Figure

1. If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle If, DE || BC

to intersect the other two sides in distinct points,
the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
AD AE i) Corresponding angles are equal
then =
DB EC
ii) Corresponding sides are in the
2. If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the
same ratio
same ratio, then the line is parallel to the third
ity
side. AD AE ar A P
If =

il
DB EC

Sim
then, DE || BC Theorems B C Q R
ABC ~ PQR
3. If in two triangles, corresponding angles are
equal, then their corresponding sides are in the Triangles Right an
same ratio (or proportion) and hence the two gled
tria
triangles are similar.(AAA criterion) If A = D, B = E ngl
Pyth et
ago he
C= F ras or
em
then, AB = BC = AC Area of Similar
DE EF DF
Triangles

Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, MATHEMATICS, Class-X

ABC DEF Statement Figure
B
4. If in two triangles, sides of one triangle are The ratio of the areas 1. If a perpendicular is drawn from the vertex of the
proportional to (i.e., in the same ratio of ) the of two similar triangles right angle of a right triangle to the hypotenuse
sides of the other triangle, then their is equal to the square then triangles on both sides of the perpendicular A D C
corresponding angles are equal and hence the AB BC CA of the ratio of their are similar to the whole triangle and to each other. In right ABC, BD AC,
two triangles are similiar.(SSS criterion) If = = corresponding sides
DE EF FD then, ADB ~ ABC
A P
then, A = D ; BDC ~ ABC
B= E, C= F ADB ~ BDC
ABC DEF
B M C Q N R 2. In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is C In right ABC,
5. If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of Here ABC ~ PQR equal to the sum of the squares of the other two BC2 = AB2+AC2
the other triangle and the sides including these sides. A B
ar(ABC) AB 2
angles are proportional, then the two triangles are =
similar.(SAS criterion) AB AC ar(PQR) PQ 3. In a triangle, if square of one side is equal to the If AC2 = AB2+BC2
If = & A= D A
DE DF BC 2 CA 2 sum of the squares of other two sides, then the then, B = 90
= = angle opposite the first side is a right angle.
then, ABC ~ DEF QR RP B C
Mind map : learning made simple

Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, MATHEMATICS, Class-X

Chapter-7
Y

II I
Quadrant Quadrant
X’ X
III IV Study of algebraic
Quadrant Quadrant equations on graphs
ng
ni ax
is
x–

ea
a)
ciss Y

M
Y’ bs

(A
of Triangle ordinate
Area Coordinate axi al X’
Area = s nt X
Coordinate

o
1 abscissa

riz
|[x1(y2 – y3) + x2(y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2)]| Geometry

Ho
2 Dista Y’
t
men nce Ve
e Seg for
mu rt ical
Lin la y– a xis
int Section
-po Ordin a t e
id formula
M

ple
R x1 + x2 y1 + y2
, PQ = (x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2

Exam
2 2

(–)
ll y ( + )
ple
xam e r n a ll y Are the following points vertices of a
E
er na

square : (1, 7), (4, 2), (–1, –1), (–4, 4)?

E xt
Int

A (1, 7); B = (4, 2); C = (–1, –1); D = (–4, 4)

Find point of Trisection of
m1x2 ± m2x1 AB = (1 – 4)2 + (7 – 2)2 = 34
line segment AB, A(2, –2) and B(–7, 4) ,
m1 ± m2
BC = (4 + 1)2 + (2 + 1)2 = 34
Coordinate of P m1y2 ± m2y1
m1 ± m2 CD = (–1 + 4)2 + (–1 –4)2 = 34
1(–7) + 2(2) 1(4) + 2(–2)
= , DA = (1 + 4)2 + (7 – 4)2 = 34
1+2 1+2
AC = (1 + 1)2 + (7 + 1)2 = 68
i.e., (–1, 0)
BD = (4 + 4)2 + (2 – 4)2 = 68
Coordinate of Q
Since, AB = BC = CD = DA and AC = BD.
2(–7) + 1(2) 2(4) + 1(–2) All four sides and diagonals are equal
,
2+1 2+1 Hence, ABCD is a square

[7
i.e., (–4, 2)
Mind map : learning made simple

8]
Chapter-8
Express tan A, cos A in terms of sin A

Solution : We know that, cos2 A + sin2 A = 1

cos2 A = 1 – sin2 A ie. cos A = 1 – sin2A
sin A sin A
tan A = =
cos A 1 – sin2A

Study of relationships between

cos2 A + sin2 A =1 try the sides & angles of a right triangle
me

Exa
o
on

mple
1 + tan2 A = sec2 A Trigonometr
ic Ident

g
Tri
0 A 90 ities BC
Sine of A
Trigonometry Ratio AC
cot2 A + 1 = cosec2 A
AB
0 A 90 Introduction to C Cosine of A
AC
Trigonometry se
tenu Side BC
es po Tangent of A
gl opposite
n Hy AB

Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, MATHEMATICS, Class-X

A to A
ry AC
ta A B Cosecant of A
en

s
Side opposite BC

Value
em
sin (90 – ) = os pl to C AC
m Secant of A
Co AB
cos (90 – ) = sin A 0 30 45 60 90 AB
Cotangent of A
1 1 3 BC
tan (90 – ) = ot sin A 0 1
2 2 2
3 1 1
cot (90 – ) = tan cos A 1 0
2 2 2
1 Not ( )
sec (90 – ) = ose tan A 0 1 3
3 defined
Not ( ) 2
cosec (90 – ) = se cosec A 2 2 1
defined 3
2 Not ( )
sec A 1 2 2
3 defined
Not ( ) 1
cot A 3 1 0
defined 3
Mind map : learning made simple

Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, MATHEMATICS, Class-X

Chapter-9
D
(i) BD is a tree
(ii)
Determine width AB AC = DC
D Fla
g
C
C

gth
h

t / len 90°
A
x
B

gh
A B
ei n object Find flag length

h
From figure, AB = AD + DB of
In right APD A = 30 D = 90 determine)
(To
D
di
PD sta
tan 30 = i.e., AD = 3 3m n– nce h
AD it o tric w b et w een
oo

t
e 30° 60°

ca
In right BPD B = 45 D = 90 s bjec A x B C

Ra m
200 m

pli
ts

o
Find x and h

tio
on
PD

Ap
tan 45 = i.e., BD = 3m

Trig
BD
∴ AB = (3 3 + 3)m = 3( 3 + 1)m
evation
of El sio
n
res
le
D
Some Application Measuring Angles p
ist De
ples of

g
gle
am

An
An
x of Trigonometry
an

E
ce

An
g le
of
D e pre
s sio n
t
eig h
tH
je c
Ob

Determine height
of object AB

In ABC B = 90 C = 60

[9
AB
Here, tan 60 =
BC
AB
3 =
15
Mind map : learning made simple

10 ]
Chapter-10

P 1. There is no tangent to a circle

passing through a point lying
inside the circle.

2. There is one and only one

P
tangent to a circle passing
through a point lying on the
circle.
T1 3. There are exactly two tangents
to a circle through a point lying p
P
outside the circle. The locus of a point equidistant from r
radius
T2 a fixed point. Fixed Point is a centre
n Ocentre
itio & separation of points in the radius
n of circle.
ac

Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, MATHEMATICS, Class-X

fi
F ts

De
Non-inte
rsectin
g line
Circles P
ms P
eore No common point r
Th between line PQ

S ec
and circle. O
Tangent and

an
t
Statement Figure tangent point
Q
A P
1. The tangent at any Two common
r
point of a circle is Only one common points between
O
perpendicular to point between circle line PQ and O
the radius through Y X
and PQ line. circle. B
P Q
the point of contact OPQ = 90°
Q
P
2. The lengths of Q
r
tangents drawn A
O
from an external P O
Q
point to a circle are
R
equal PQ = PR
Mind map : learning made simple

Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, MATHEMATICS, Class-X

Chapter-11
To draw geometrical Given: Line segment, ratio (3 : 2)
shapes using
Given: Circle with centre O and point P outside it. ion compasses, ruler etc
1. Draw any ray AX,
Making acute angle

t
ini
1. Join PO and bisect it at with line segment AB

Def
mid-point M
2. Locate 5 points
A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 at equal
Line distances
to circle Se
gent Constructions
gm (A1 = A2 = A3 = A4 = A5).
Tan Division
of
e
Join BA5

d1
2. M as centre and lin

nt

ho
radius = MO e

Met
draw a circle, 3. Through A3 (m = 3),

in
draw line parallel

ra
intersecting given

tio
circle at Q and R Triangle similar to BA5 cutting AB at C

’s
to given
triangle AC : CB = 3 : 2
3. Join PQ and PR,
required tangents to
Construct a triangle similar to a given ΔABC with sides 3

Meth
the circle 4
of the corresponding sides of ΔABC Given: Line segment, ratio (3 : 2)

od
2
1. Draw any ray BX making an 1. Draw any ray AX making
acute angle with BC an acute angle with line
segment AB

2. Draw ray BY || AX

2. Locate 4 points (greater of 3

and 4 in 3 ) on BX at equal
4
distance from each other
(BB1 = B1 B2 = B2 B3 = B3 B4 3. Locate A1, A2, A3 (m = 3)
Join B4 C on AX and B1, B2 (n = 2)
on BY
3. Draw line parallel to B4 C from B3 Join A3 B2, intersecting
intersecting BC at C’. AB at C
Draw line || to AC from C’ AC : CB = 3 : 2
intersecting AB at A’
A’BC’ is the required triangle

[ 11
Mind map : learning made simple

12 ]
Chapter-12
Circumference = × diameter
=2 r
P Q Area = r2
T

cle
Cir
Area of T = Area of P + Area of Q Portion of the
ination circular region enclosed
- Comb
M Area by two radius and the
ea
nin of figures Areas Related Sector ning corresponding arc
g
to Circles Mea
a
Are

p le
A= ×area of circle

Fo
m

Segm
ula 360

r
am
Le
A= × r2

Ex
ng

ent
of th 360
arc
Find Area of shaded L= × circumference
region 360
ula

M
m

ea
or L= ×2 r
360

nin
F

Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, MATHEMATICS, Class-X

g
14 cm

Area of square ABCD = 14×14 cm2 Area = Area of the Portion of the circular region
= 196 cm2 corresponding sector enclosed between a chord
14 – Area of the and the corresponding arc
Diameter of each circle, D = 2 = 7 cm corresponding triangle
7
For each circle, radius (r) = 2 cm = × r2 – area of OAB
2 360
Area of 1 circle = r
Q
22 7 2
Area of 4 circles = 4 × 7 × 2 cm2( )
154
= 4 × 4 cm2
= 154 cm2
P
Area of shaded region =
Area of ABCD – Area of 4 circles
= (196 – 154) = 42 cm2
Mind map : learning made simple

Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, MATHEMATICS, Class-X

Chapter-13
CSA = l(r1 + r2)
where l = h2 + (r1 – r2)2
Sum of all of the surface areas
Curved rea of the faces of solid.
eA
Surface Area
r1
ac

rf
Su
h l
r2

Frustum Volume
rface
Area r2 r2
Surface Areas Quantity of 3-D space
Su of Cone enclosed by a hollow/closed solid.
tal l and Volumes
o r1 r1
T

Combina
TSA = l(r1 + r2)+ tion
of Sol
ids 5 cm
(r12 + r22) Conversion
of Solids

Volume
5 cm
A copper rod – Diameter 1cm, length 8cm Given – Inner diameter of the
converted into a wire of length 18m Cylindrical glass = 5 cm
Find the thickness of the wire. Height = 5 cm
1 Find – Actual capacity of Cylindrical glass
V =3 h(r12 + r22 + r1r2) 1 2
Solution : Volume of the rod = 3
2 × 8cm
3
Solution :– Apparent capacity
= 2 cm of the glass = r2h
Let, r is the radius of cross-section of the = 3.14 × 2.5 × 2.5 × 5 cm3
wire, volume = ×r2 × 1800 cm3 = 98.125 cm3

∴ ×r 2 × 1800 = 2 2
Volume of hemisphere = 3 r3,if r=2.5cm
1
r 2 = 900 = 2 × 3.14 × (2.5)3 cm3 = 32.71 cm3
3
1
r = 30 cm Actual capacity = Apparent capacity
Thickness = Diameter of the cross-section – Volume of hemisphere
1 = 98.125 – 32.71
= 15 cm = 0.07 cm
= 65.42 cm3

[ 13
Mind map : learning made simple

14 ]
Chapter-14

A Cumulative
Frequency Graph
Representation of Meaning A collection, analysis,

Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, MATHEMATICS, Class-X

cumulative frequencies tion interpretation of
with respect to given Og if ni quantitative data
ive e
class intervals

D
Cumulative Frequency obtained by adding
Emperical Statistics Frequency the frequencies of all the classes
preceding the giving class
3 Median = Mode + 2 Mean Relationship
as

Cl
Grouped sM
Mode Data ark
f1 – f0 Upper class Lower class
+
l+ ×h limit limit
2f1 – f0 – f2 Me
an 2
ian
ed
M
Direct Met
hod
n
tio (Long cu
t)
n – cf
ia
ev

l+ 2 ×h fixi
As
pD

f x=
su

fi
(Sh

ed
Ste

rt
cu M ea
o

fiui t) n
x=a+ ×h fidi
fi
x=a+ fi
x–A
Here, u =
Mind map : learning made simple

Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, MATHEMATICS, Class-X

Chapter-15
Two dice are rolled, what is probability
of getting 13 as a sum?

Solution : Number of possible

outcome = 62
= 36
Number of favorable outcomes = 0
When a coin is tossed, what As addition of no two number on the
would be the probability of dice will give sum = 13 is not possible
appearing head ? 0
P(E) = 36 = 0
Solution : Total outcomes = 2
Favorable outcomes = 1 Number of trials in

Dice
l What we expect to
1 tica
Required Prob. P(E) = Co ore happen in an experiment P(E) =
which the event happened
2 in he ty
bili Total number of trials
ba

T
ro
Exa

P
What is the probability of getting mp
le s
an ace from a pack of 52 cards?
rd Number of outcomes
Ca Experimental What actually happens favorable to E
Solution : Number of favorable Probability in an experiment P(E) =
Number of all possible
outcomes = 4 Probability
outcomes of the
Number of possible outcomes = 52
4 1 experiment
P(E) = =

s
52 13

nition
lu

Va
e
Sure or Certain Eve

Defi
Event having nt Sum of probabilities of all elementary
probability to events is 1.
occur as 1 Ele For events A, B, C; P(A) + P(B) + P(C) = 1
y m
tar
en Ev

en
m e
le t

tar
en
nt
p

y
m

Ev
Co

Event having
only one outcome
For event E, of the experiment
complement event,
–
P(E) = 1 – P(E)

[ 15