. - T Hll°ONG BI NI-I V AXA H O. !

RO. LAO DONG

T RU'ONG CAO DA NG KY T H \J~T CO NG NGH E: BAC H KH O/\

A
"-Y1
CTECH

GIAOTRiNH
NAP M AY v A co cAu PHAN PHOI KHi.
KHOI XY LANH VA NHOM TRUC •
KHUYU
THANH TRUYEN, BANH DA
::i. "- - A A

NGHE: CONG NGHi OTO

TRINH D(): CAO DANG

\I

LU'U HANH NQI BO

HANQl - NAM 2023

 B IN H VA XA HQ
I
G -T H U 'O N G
BO L A O O<)N GHE: o A c H K H O A
~ T c 6 N c N
K Y T H ll
TRU'O Nc; CA o llA N G

A
~YJ
CTECH

G IA O T R iN H
u PHAN PH 6 1KHi.
NAP MAv v A c a cA
RUC KHlJYu
XY LA NH VA N H OM T •
KH61
A NH T R U YE N , BANH DA
TH " O -J\
J'\

;l,. GH~ 0 T
NGHE: CONG N
DANG
T R IN H D<): C A O

LlJU HAN H NQl BO

HA N<)1 - NAM 2023

 GIA.O TRINH

, Ar MAY vA c o c .Au PHAN PH61 l<llt

h:.H 6I XY LANH VA NH6M TRT)C KIID\'tJ.
THANH TRUYE N, BA.NH DA.
( Trinh d(}: Cao ildng)

HA N()I - NAM 2023

 Ml,l( 1.l,I(

1-- Lt L,lll c11 ~ h1 d~rng cn ,.\ng \ ll th,in g cu dn:-.d

I I M o 1,1l'11U ng. ................ I

I 2 Y cu l' ,lll ............ . ......... ... ... .... .. ........ .... .... .... I

... .. 1
2 C6c cu d u d1inh cua <l(mg cu xang.ltli c~cl ..... ............. .. .... ... .... .. ... ... . ... ..........

2 1 Mo t.l chung 'v0 kh t1i qui 161 ( niip may) .... ... ....... ....... ... .... ....... ..... . .. ... .... ..... .... 1

.......... ...... .. 6
2.2.Xu p6p vii c:ic chi 1it1 li en quun .. ...... ......... ................ ....... ..... ..... ....

2.3. Mo ta chung ve kht\ i than cua 2 lo~i d<)ng ca xang va d(mg ca diesel. .... ..
... . I I

2.4 . Pi ston cua 2 lo~i d(mg co xang va d(lng ca di ese l .... .............. .. ........ ............
.. 14

2.5. Xec mang cua 2 I 1~i d(lng co xang va d(lng co diesel ......... ... ..... ....
......... .. .. .20

2.6. Tn,1c khuyu .. ... .. . ....... ..... ...... ....... ..... .. ...... .. ... ................. .... ... ..... .. .. ... ..... ..
.. .... 23

2.7 . B~ic c6 khuyu ....... .............. .. .. .... ... .... ....... ........ .. .............. ... .. .. ... ........... ........
..28

2.8. Thanh truyen .. .... .. ........... ..... .. ... ..... ....... ... ....... .... ... ........ ... ....... ..... ....... ........ ..
.30

2.9. B~c thanh truy~n ......... .... ...... .. .. ...... .. ... ........... ... .... .... ..... .. .... ....... ................ ...
31

2.10. Chon bac thanh truyen ... ... ........................................... ..... ... .... ...... ......... ..... .32

BAI 2 NAP MA. Y, DAY DAU VA co cAu PHOl KHi ....................... .................. ...34
.34
I. N[ip may (kh6i qu y lat) cua 2 lo~i d(mg co xang va d(mg co diesel ................. ...
34
1.1 . Yeu du d6i voi n[ip may ... ... ........ .... ......... ..... .......... ... .. .. ....................... .......

1.2. Qui trinh ki~m tra xac djnh nguyen nhan va kh[ic ph1,1c SI! c6 n~p may ...... .35
40
2. Day dftu (Cacte) .. ......... .... .......... ... ......................... .. ................ ........ ... .. .. ...... .........

2.1.Yeu du d6i vm day dftu .............................................................................. .. .

.40

.40
2.2. Qui trinh xac dinh nguyen nhan va khftc ph1,1c sv c6 day dftu .................. .....
.. ... .42
3. Ca du phf>i khi cua 2 lo~i d(mg ca xang va d(mg co diesel ............... .... ........
., ~ :. ~. ,. ~ ~. kh ' .42
., .1. Yeu cau do1 vm ca cau pho1 1.. ........... ....... ........... .......... . ..... ... . ............ ....
 l ~ l'h 111 l,l1II ···· ········
111 pl1111 1-. li 1
~ ; I h i\ tr 111h ~, 11111111 th,t.• l,\p ~",

l I I... h.\,

I<~ I

' 'I " h,11_ ph\ll ,,, ll\ \\l ll de.it \ :I r,\ n h,i} \ll r ;ip .. ..... .. ....... ........ ...

'(, l... h,\l ph\h ,,, \. ti r1 11i.: r .1111 , .'1 h{111h r:1ng d,111 d911g
rrv i..: 1.:,1111 ... .
·,,,

··········· ···· ·····.. .. ... ...... ...... ..... .... ...., .

( ,Ill h 11 1 \ I d,1p ,111
.. ..... .. .. ... . .. .. .. . .
I hv, h,rn h. ( l .1): ( 1 -1 ): ( l .5): ( 1.(1) ..... .. .. .... .. ...... .. ... .... ... . ·· ,, ,

A XY I ;\ NII D<)NCi CO .... .. ...... ............ ... ....... ·• ..

11 \I ' 1\.1 101 111 \ \ \ '• • •.

.. ......... .. .'••
I. 1' hPt 1h:111 m a 2 loai' J1)11g co xang va <lOng co diese l .........

I I . Y 0u c.:\u d1\i vai kh6i than d<)ng ca ............. ......... .... ·..... ............. ········
' •,,,

......... .
, 2. Qui 1rinh bao duong ........................... .............. .................
......... ~.·.·.·.·.······•....
2. \ y lanh cua 2 lo?i d<)ng ca xang va d<)ng ca diesel .................. .. ,, ' ••,,,,

2. 1. Yeu d u d6i v6i cac xy lanh d<)ng ca ........................................... .. ·· ····••,,,,,,

.. .
.................. .
2.2. Ki~m tra ap su~t nen hai trong xy lanh ........................... ······••,,
......... ...
2.3. Qui trinh sua chfra xy lanh d<)ng ca .................................... ·········••,,

3. Ciiu hoi va dap an ................................................................................ .............. .,

............... .. ·····•..
4, Tht,rc hanh: ( 1.2.1.); (1.2.2. ); ( 2.2.); (2.3.1. ); ( 2.3.2.); ......... ,,,

NH TRlJYEN, Bk.
BA.I 4. NHOM PISTON XEC MANG; TRl)C KHUYU THA
········· ······························································· ················· ·············•
...,.
DA ··················
1. Piston ......... .......... ........................... ...................................
..................... .. ... ' ......,~

......................
1. 1. Cac yeu du d6i v6i piston ......................................................
u ......... ..................
1.2. E>~c di~m chju lt,rc cua piston - thanh truy€n - trµc khuy
n va nh6m piston/
1.3. Qui trinh ky thu?t thao, Hip ca du trµc khuyu thanh truy€
........................'
1.4. Cac djch V\I ky thu?t lien quan piston .................. ......... .........
.............................!
2. Ch6t piston ........................... .....................................................
'
2.1. Nhiem vu .. ············································· ·························· ········· ·················•·"'
. .
 11111
f•I II 111 11
11111
111 I II t

IIJIJ
If' tp th I\ till l hut p1 ton

I \ l Ill llll(
10 !

I I ( ,ll \UI, 111 do1 \ 111 \Cl 111,111g ( l-.'11 dau) 101

l 1
( dl d1d1 \ u lien q11,111 \l'l 1n,111g .. . ........... 104

I h,lllll II ll\ l'll ............................. 1/JX

II ( dl wu lilll do, \ ,ii than h lru)Cll ..... ....... ........ ...... .. .... ... ......... .................... 1(/8

I 2( .ic di, h \ \I l1c11 quan d~n thanh truy6n .... .................... ................................ I 08

:-- l r\lL~h u:-11 ............ ................ ... .. ......................... .... .. .. ... ...... .. ... .. .. ................. 112

5 I . ( ;,L :l I cau dt)i vt'ri trµ<.: khuyu ....................................................... ............. 112

5.2. ( :1L did , V\I lien quan den tr~I<.: khuyu ........................ .. .. .... .......................... 112

(>. Banh da... .. ...... ................... .................... ......... .. ..... .............. .............................. I I 9

(>.I . U,c )CU d u d6i vai banh da....................................... ................. .. ............... 119
,c Jich V\J lien quan den ban h da..... ........................... ... ............. .. ............. 119
6.2 . c~

7. Cftu h6i va Jar an ...... .......................................................................................... 120

8. '111~r<.: hanh: ( I .4.); (2.4.); (3 .2.); (4.2.); (5 .2.); (6.2.) ........................................... 120

l /\ I U 8U TH AM KHA.0 .................... .. ................................................................... 121

 BAI I : T() N(; ()IJ AN vf: If~( Tfl(>N<; CO kllj
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8
I. l\'.Jr cft11 nf kltf ,11) 11g ('ff Xli ng v11 ,J Oug co· tlk cl
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I. I Mo Iii d11111g 1 fy' /1 fl' il d<J II /' c; h/11/1 l:1<1/)1c.; I if, y
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Hinh I. I M6 ta chung

1.2 Yeu du
d1,mg ph6 bi6n lrong cac
D9ng ca d6t trong la m¢t lo?i d9ng ca nhi~t duqc st:r
d9ng b~ng each d6t chay nhicn
phuang ti~n va may m6c cong nghi~p. D9ng ca nay ho?l
ho~tl d9ng hi~u qua cua dc)ng co
li~u d~ t?o rn nhi~t va sinh ra cong ca h9c DJ dam bao
thai, lieu hao nhien li~u, hi~u
d6t trong, ng Ll'O'i ta thuang yeu du cac tieu chu.1n ve khf
su~t va d9 bcn.
2. Cac cO' du chinh cua dqng cO' xang/dieseJ
2.1 Mo ta chung v~ kh6i qui lat (niip may) r ,,,--
. 9
2.1.1. Chucm:ing ~~ Y°'
i l~p cac be) pMn khac

l N~p may la chi ti8t dung d~ d~y kin bu6ng chay va lana
nhu oi phin bugi, ca du dfui d9ng xupap, ca du giam
t?p, nh~t la lo?i d{>ng ca dung xupap treo. ,
ap, V. v... nen k8t du r~l phuc

Ian, an mon hoa h9c nhi~u

Trong qua trinh lam vi~c, n~p chju nhi~t d{> cao, ap su5t
nen khi thi8t ke phai dam bao yeu du sau day:
cao va ap su~t Jan nhimg
I. co du sue b~n ca h9c, va cung vCrng khi chiu nhi~t de)
tai tr9ng phai nho.
2. t~o duqc d~ng bu6ng chay thich hqp.

_J
 I d1 d 111 ~• tli Ill I'" dll I I I l11 11h h ,111 d,rf'mg II I d 11 1 I lo ll I t1 I Ill \ I l oll d 11 tcwcl
I 'I' ll l' ll \I I 111h
11 11 l Ill du11 ~•I lll de ,lit'"' \ 11rr1 • II 1111111 , , th Ip

' d ,1111 Ii 111 ~ 111 hw ,11g l lill} ~ h1111p h1 1111 ~ ht d11 lllfltl }
f-:- I
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Hinh I. 2 N6p may

2. 1.2. Cciu tc;wlpluin lo(Ji

Phan lo~i theo v~L li~u
Nip xy- lanh d(> ng ca diesel lam mat bang mr6c d~u due bfulg hqp ki m gang , dung
khu6n cat, th ong thuang hqp kim nh6m ch~ t~10 tc;10 phuang phap due ho?c ren d~p.
ni p xy lanh d(>ng w xang thuang dung hc;rp kim nhom vi uu di ~m nh ~, tan nhi~t
t6t gi am duqc kha nang kich n6. tuy nhien, sue ben ca va nhi~t th~p han so v6i xy-lanh
b~ng gang
Phan loc;li theo loc;1i d(>ng ca: thi1ng hang, ki~u V,d6i dinh, chfr x, ..
Phan loc;1i theo xy theo loc;1i da i va loc;1i li~n
Phan loc;1i theo phuang thuc lam mat: canh t6a nhi~t dung nu6c

~;,,,c-- Canh tan nhet

Khoang nutlc
Hinh 1. 3 Ccinh tan nhi? t va khoang nuac
 J / J ( ,it ( ;,,; 1' (/ /Id// (I Il l/ ~ k/11 \If(/ cl11ru //{ip 111ci 1
I I '-. c",i dung
· ( hufl n hj:
- D~ing q1. ( k . I u~p. ta) 11,J'L. gi1: lau.
- Dc)ng co.
- I au 1,1,1':.!1 than m~. m2t_mi,1 - ~
- 89 phful :--
Thao m~t may: . nao ~-
- I hao cac b() ph~n ben ngoai. (mu ' ~ao tnroc, b<) de ~
nao kh6 thao ~
rua. n~p ch1:1p. dan don ganh) ,. sau.
- N01 long .
- I hao m ~t may. cac 1,.
long, dai 6
A

''ll
I ., Noi long bu long. clai 6c. C <IG
trinh ti! nhu h· ng
*** lnh
- Nai long tir .
• ltr n..
deu, nai lain ' -~
'~ lugt_ nh1eii
~ nh 1eu
Ian,
- Khong dat bel Ill'~tr
. ·
ghep nam Up y " , ap
, 01 V~t
kh6ng ,bang ph~ng,
hay tiep xuc Vat C,
. lrng,

+ Thao h~t bu long, dai 6c

+ Nh~c m?t may va l~y d~m m{H may ra khoi
d('ma ca.
- Lau s~ch, b6i mo
3 Lip mijt may d9ng CO'
- Chuful bi, lam s~ch than may, m?t may. - D?t dung vi tri
- LAp d~m m?t may. - D?t ID?t may
dung vj tri
- LAp m?t may.
- LAp cac dai 6c ho~c
bu long vita.
- Xi~t dung thu tv, ru
gifra ra ngoai, lfui
cu6i xi~t du llJc.
I I \ 11 1 d1111 \ (II L Ill I..\ th11, tt
( h11 11 11 111 I> 1-. d11 Ill 111 Ill "',It Ii ~

l>v11 \,,. 1111\1111 111 !111111 I II

P,"in1 "'
I Ill 11.h th \11 Ill I\ \\ I 111h , I1

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( ( I~ {f9<
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it '

.i \ - <. J I \\_1l
I~~\\~ l \ ·-l ~ "v,P~
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-' I huo , , 11111h . Dung th1et b, chu) ·n

I h,111 " l,mh ra I- 11 th,u1 d(lng L O dung vam xy lanh
I

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, I •, .
14 ' .
• I

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- Thao d¢m lam kin nu6c.
Liip xy lanh. - D~m khong bi :\Oan.
- Liip d~m lam kin rnr6c. rach.
- LAp xy lanh vao than d(mg ca. -B6i mo.
- Dua vao thfulg tam.
- Dung may ep xy \anh.
- Dam bao d(l nh6 cao.

LJp xy lanh cua a(jng ca khac: thµc hi¢n tucmg t\I, chi chu y la: gioang can
nu6c IAp vao ranh o bl6c r6i mm d~t xy lanh
kim
Khong duqc thao niip may ra khi d(lng ca con dang n6ng vi nip may bang
kim nl16m)
lot;1i c6 h¢ s6 gian no 16n (d~c bi¢t v6i kim lot;1i nh~ ch~ng ht;1n nhu hqp
khi n6ng chung se gian no luc d6 thao se bi venh m~t may.

4
 111, ~I J/,i kh{H1g dun
\I I I I I \( l 111,1_, hltil 1,l1,1c khoi 1/1,i11 lllllY
I

g l(i '-\,
I j 11 j l'll 1/t c g,11 1.1\'11 gioi1 11g .. . 11
; 1 •1 Ai,:,11 //'(/ 111111 l,i111 1·i(;r 11,7111111~1 ·
K/1i 11,1 p 11 111_1 i> j nt'r1 , lrlm rcll ha, g,l.)- vii cfty 1.hl kicm trn nhtr lh~n tl "
lay_((,~
111 .'1.1 hi cong l'l'llh d , 11,l: kicm tr:1nhlf ~:111 :

· I)1111g tl1trcrc IMng ho~c Mn n'1.

n /{J vno gifra m~t ti~p )('
Khi ~il' 111 1rn con g , 011 11 cua mip m{iy. d~I di
d0 do tri sci sai /¢ch. Uc c~, J
111 i'1y v:i thtr1'rc IMn g hay h;'111 ri, (Mn m;'ip)
. I
· I )1111g b(ll m,iu .
nap may ho~c ban ra. Cho
IYii 111 (>1 krp lllOll g h(1t lJl [l ll cl<\ lcn m~t ph5ng 1
r6i keo di keo l?i m9t hai l§n, saul)J~d61;
ghl;p cua ncip 111.iy v11 b,)n ni 1i0p xt',c v<Yi nhau. . . b . •h
, . .
Il'll Xt:111. neu tlu1y b~)( nu)u ti6r XLIC kMng deu la nap may ! cong Ven . Tron .
d' . 'b"'1 git~
hvp kh6ng co b,111 ra, co th~ d(mg m9t mien
,
g kinh ay tren co? m9t l&p b rir-
hay keo d! keo l?i d~ kiem tra. OI ~:
mon g n3i d~t t'1p Jen m?t n~p may, sau do xoay
bang each lap d~m hoac .
Ngoai ra, co the phan doan qua thai gian sfr dµng
m&i va xiJt Ch?t n~p may dung yeu du ky thu~
t, nJu v~n th~y b9t khi & tron~ !';~
~
xi ra thi chjc chin n~p xi lanh bj cong venh.
N~p may

ThtP3c_ tilting

thu&c thdng
Hinh I. 4 Kiim tra cong venh czia ndp mciy bang

2. 1.5. Gioang ndp mciy

mSm. m9t tJm nSn kim lo?i d~y
Gioang m?t may lam bfulg kim lo?i vai V?t li?u
li~u mSm phu tJt ca hai ID?t. De tdng I
khoang 0.3 mm vai nhfrng moc kyp gifr tk V?t
len tk v~t Ji~u mSm. Nhfmg 16 thong
sue bSn, m9t lap nhµ-a tram 16 h6ng duqc trang
vai bu6ng chay duqc ep ghep c?flh nhu tren hinh

_J
 L6 J u h61 L6 l~p h11 kir o vft 16 d 1
or> u~t 1t, lh mil ph~t lJII
kin t 111g nn r-1tft1 n hl>1

L◊p ph11 m ti
lo 111 ph,1n

l 6 th HHJ buonq I h,1y /

1t ,) t'• qt ,cp c,m h

Lap ph u t~1&m
1 6 th<''1<J c,ho
mc1t Tnm ne n ll 1n9 phan
<I -tl h) 11CJ I ~l'T'

I linh I. 5 ( iioting lllip mciy

2.2 .Xu pap va cac chi ti~t lie n quan

l . :! I . ( ·ci11 too
2.2.1.1. Xu pap
Xupap l.'.1w c~u gi t'.1p lam kin buang d6t d6ng tha i la cu d u gi up ki~m soar luQ11g
xu pap,
khi lz1p tr9ng d(rng co dc'it trong, xupap g6m 3 b9 ph~n chinh N~m xu pap. than
Dui'ii XU pap.

Thin . . .

, 44.s·
Cl'45..5"

Hinh I. 6 Ndm xu pap

M?t lam vi~c quan tr9ng cua nfim xupap la m?t con, c6 g6c d<) a tu 15° d~n 45°.
Goe a cang nho ti~t di~n luu thong cang 1cm, tuy nhien khi n~m dng mong, d<) cung
cua m?t cua m?t rnim cang kem do d~ bi cong venh, ti~p xuc khong khit voi d~ xupap.

6
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I !inh I . 7 Ki t ccf11 m{}I s6 /09i xupup

a. Xupap nJm b~ng: b. Xupt\p nAm lorn ; c.Xupap nAm 16i c6 cht'.ra Natri ·
.,. . , ~. 'd.x
mun loi khoet long phia trcn; d.e Xupap nam 10 1 ~~
K~t d u cua nAm xupap thm'rng cc'> ba lo?i chinh sau day:
a.NAm b~ng: u·u di ~m cua xupap nJm b~ng la ch~ l?O dan gian, c6 th~d'
. , d t • d, ung
ca xupap thai hO?C xupap thai ho?C xupap n?P· V1 V?Y a so cac 9ng co thu&ngt
lo?i nay. it,
b. NAm lorn : Xupap n~m lorn c6 d?c di ~m la ban kinh g6c lm;m gifra Pha:
nI~
xupap
2.2.1 .2. Lo XO XU pap
Lo XO XU pap thuang la lo XO tn). hai d~u mai phfu1g v6i s6 vong xo~n khoan
-10) vong. Duqc chJ t?o bfu1g thep v6i duang kinh day tir (3 -5) mm, b~ m~t dugc~
mot l&p son d?C bi~t, ID? kem ho?C m? cat mjn. '
Ph~n 16n dong ca d~u c6 mot lo-xo cho m6i XU pap, tuy nhien, m9t s6 d◊ng COi•
- I
SU di,mg hai 16 XO cho moi XU pap.
D~ ngan ngira hi~n tuqng dao d(mg cua xu pap khi d(>ng ca ch?y v6i t6c d◊ caQ
nguoi ta su dµng lo xo c6 bu&c khong d6ng d~u ho?c hai 16 xo cho m6i xu pap.

' D

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Hi.nh I. 8 Lo XO XU pap
Lo XO XU pap c6 t~ s6 dao d9ng tv nhien. Khi s6 I~ dong ma XU pap va tAnso
tlJ nhien phu hqp v6i nhau, sµ giao d(>ng c6 tinh ch~t s6ng c6 th~ xu~t hi~n, kh6ng thid
hqp v6i ho?t dong cua cam. Hi~n tuqng nay duqc g9i la cong huang, n6 c6 th~ t~o lil
Ill.II~ O il h,1t tlllll"1)! Lill> doll~• ltl, llHlV,. nh r l, 1111 ho11g lo '(I) Xll r,1r 1111,JL 'v, t dtjJHl g111. ,

lo ,o \ ,1 J)I ,ton
l.,u d~III)! LtlL l-.11:u lti '\II l( ) h \lOL 1-.ho,w <h:tl khonv do, ,11111,1. rlian t rtrl LC! h r i'7L

d11 l11111

l () ,o < 0 bvo-c khl'l11(1 ,, l O tO 1;11(.1<; ll h 0 11 Q

di J (<16 1 .r nng ) t'.ltu (kh b ng M,, 1ung)
I ~

t
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Hinh I . 9 Cac c/qng lo xo trcinh c¢ng huang

Cung c6 th~ dung vanh giam rung d~ tranh c(mg hucrng

Vanh giam
rung

~
Hinh I. I I Tranh c9ng huang biing gicim ch6n

8
 1 /,,. . ., _ .
·~
' ~ ~ .
.
~

a. b. C.

Hinh /. I 2 C'ac dc;mg ker cdu cua ilia X U pap d.

, , a. Dqng being: b. Dang

. /om ,· c . Dang
. /6i .· d. Dang
. l6i ch ua
· N
Ket cau cua dTa XU pap bfulg la ch~ l?O dan gian. co di~n tich Chi a
I? )
(h·ID h I ,_a_ · tl
.u nhi ~l
. ' '
K2t cau dTa XU pap lorn co d?C di ~rn la ban kfnh goc lm;m gifra h:
h ~ dT ~ I · - · P an th·
p an Ia rat an nen dugc dung lam XU pap n?p de cho dong khf n?p do . an ,
' "- d ,. , =
.vi?l uai cua ula XU pap lam lorn vao tao
,
thanh hinh Joa ken de giarn trong}
61 n
. g~
• • lIQ"n
dTa hay loan be) XU pap (hinh 1.12 b). . &c,
K~t du cua dia XU pap 16i dugc dung cho XU pap xa d~ cai thi~n qua trinh '
da chay, cµ th€ la giam cac vung ch~t khi xa d~ xa S?Ch (hinh 3.2 c); Xu ~a ~
r6ng ben trong chua Natri (Na) v&i lugng Na khoang 50 d~n 60% th~ tichp; ~
r6ng. Khi d(mg ca lam vi~c, natri n6ng chay (nhi~t d(> n6ng chay cua Na Ia 97 d~ i
va khi XU pap chuy€n d(>ng Jen xu6ng natri long se song sanh trong 16 r6ng Va d~q
c6 tac dµng tai clli~t tir dTa XU pap Jen phful than d~ tan nhi~t (hinh 1.12 d). . ~
2.2.1.4. Bc;tc dfui hu&ng XU pap va ph&t d§.u
Dfui huong chuy~n d(>ng cho XU pap, dam bao cho d~ XU pap va ffi?t XU pap chbill
khit v&i nhau. ·

~ ~
N:m·
Jl~
IIH
ffl
~lH
~lffl
m,m
] !~
jf-.j w ,

~ 1, 100

a. b. C.
J-flnh I. 13 Ong dtin hu6ng XU pap
Bc;tc dful hu6ng XU pap thuong dugc lam b~ng gang va dugc l~p ep vao nAp qu)
lat.
 I\, 11 11 f' ,11\ , 11 1 h ,, d 111 l11r, ,,1 p , , rh 111 \1 1 p 1p d 11 11. h111 11 1111 h 111)' d 11 l
1•

I >. d 11, ti 1 1..111111 I.ii , 10 1>111 11, d,1 1 ti 111 rrl'II , 111 t i. h1r1r 1, , 11 l~p pl,111
d.111
,,
I \ ,u
I• d 111 h1r,,11f u, kl'I L 111 d11n , 1111 1 1h tru n,n, Ln, 11 11111 d ,11 1
\, 1111 I.. , t , 1 1,

If' (hit I r lk I II' r 1p dl' d.r11 g Ii, 111~1 11~11 11 L I h, tL Lil d11 l11ll 11h 11 1, I du
d, ,,,
()(I h,nh h1 h l· ff II lllll,ll did h.il lll ' ti I I llf kl11 I 11 l; r \.!Cl 1h Il l 111, I~ '111\,l II tr
11.1 , d1 nt·, · l>trlf k111h lntng L111 h,1, d 111 h1r111w dim, , 1,1 Lllrl f d1111h '"' l,..hc h11
1•

lf,I th.11 \ ' I ' \ ,I h,1, d.111 lllf{Jff! lf \I I p,tp \,I l hl fllllf '"II hon ~"\
111 \ll p 11.ip do •r
l'I ,l1 d II fl l l ,l.i ,·.1p h,r I
"\ ( \ ,Ill \ ll.l.' \ II r.ir
,, 'llll( \ ,l.ing ....,, ,·1, L,ll1 \ll .1.' ,up.tp d tf (.YL du ng 1h \ cho Old Lh.in lo\(),ur.ir
( ,r L".lll 'I \ , up.tp de dHi ng l\ti \ f ~ L b.to ~ '1
1:1111 \ ll.t.' 1-hci ng 1-hil gi lfa ,11rjr ',I
,10 \ t,pJp d11 1,rp ch ,11 chi ha: mu1) i 1ha11 b.'.J111 ,ao h0 m,_11 ~r xuc kh r , ti ng ph..i
Lh 1 hr

, Ii .I.' f hl'mg ttrimg. co du \ Od) ,urar J uve ',Lf uvng CY ,11

pap xa .

(\y c.11 \ll, l) \ Uf1.1p g1) 111 : I han . Ii) \() lr~I. !() XO dia ,a
me), uia ch~ n. Lo '(() lr\J
du~1,· IJp ty ,th tren 1hJn \ a dut_rc i.:p nh~ btri 16 XO dia khi It) XO xu pap dugc
!tip.

;., LI pcl jJ II afl

Mor,.1 h.'ini \ IO XG trt1
\
/ L• o Ota
t i\,- ✓

~-
.
D1:Cc r h/•n lo .q
-
CI -- -

Hinh I. I./ Ca cdu x upap xouy

Nguyen ly ho~lt d<)ng

Khi xupap ma, lo xo xupap bi nen , lµc nen cua n6 tr& !en l&n hem . N6 lam cho
than
vanh ngoai cua lo XO ctia bi be l?t nh(.! len tren va lo XO . trµ bj ep m~nh hem lam cho
xoay. T?i thai di~m nay di ~m ti~p xuc v&i ca m bi trugt con di~m B va c thi kh6ng.
Khi xupap dong, lo xo xupap gian ra lam cho !~re nen cua n6 y~u hem, dQ nghieng
~m
c11a lo XO ctia do d6 nho hem va lo XO tr~! se tro v~ tr?ng thai ban d~u. N6 lam cho di
8 va c bj truqt con di ~m A thi kh6ng. Do d6 than s6 a l?i vi tri nhu khi xupap mo.

10