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Transcription 1

Transcription is the process of forming an RNA molecule from a segment of DNA, serving as the first step in gene expression. It occurs in the nucleus and cytoplasm, involving RNA polymerases and transcription factors to synthesize mRNA, which is crucial for protein synthesis. The process is selective, single-stranded, and does not alter the DNA structure.

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Transcription 1

Transcription is the process of forming an RNA molecule from a segment of DNA, serving as the first step in gene expression. It occurs in the nucleus and cytoplasm, involving RNA polymerases and transcription factors to synthesize mRNA, which is crucial for protein synthesis. The process is selective, single-stranded, and does not alter the DNA structure.

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l0v3s.h3ntai
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Transcription

What is it?

Transcription consists of the


formation of an RNA molecule
from the genetic information
contained in a segment of DNA.
It constitutes the first step in
gene expression.
The transfer of information
from DNA to RNA is carried
out following the rules of
complementarity of
nitrogenous bases.
Where does it occur?

Nucleus cytoplasm
? Why is it important?

Transcription is the previous and


necessary step for the generation
of functional proteins that define
the metabolism and identity of
cells.
mRNA??

Messenger RNA (mRNA)


is a type of single-
stranded RNA involved in
protein synthesis.
M
i
s
p
Transcription characteristics:

1. The process is limited to a


portion of DNA, it is said to
be a selective process, since
a starting point and an
ending point must be
recognized in the DNA
molecule.
Always from 3’ to 5’
2. The process can be repeated
countless times throughout the
life of the cell, unlike
replication.
3. The process does not
affect the structure of
the DNA, it is a
conservative process of
the DNA molecule, the
copied gene or genes
remain the same.

ed
4. The process is single-
stranded, it affects only one
of the DNA strands, and the
resulting copy, or RNA, is a si
single-stranded molecule.
e-
Enzymes involved in transciption:

RNA polymerase I:
synthesizes ribosomal
RNA (rRNA) precursors.
:
RNA polymerase II:
produces heterogeneous
nuclear RNA (hn-RNA) that
after processing gives rise to
messenger RNAs (mRNA), as
well as other small RNAs.
.

RNA polymerase III:


transcribes the precursors
of transfer RNAs (t-RNA), in
addition to the 5S RNA that
is part of the large subunit of
ribosomes and other small
nuclear and cytoplasmic
RNAs.
RNA polymerases IV
and V:
These perform
repairs.
Proteins involved in transcription
Transcription factors:

Bind to the promoter region


and the TATA box to signal to
initiate the transcription
process. Without these
proteins, RNA polymerase
cannot act.
Steps of transcription:
R
1. Initiation:
RNA polymerase binds to a DNA
sequence called a promoter,
located at the start of a gene.
Once the RNA polymerase is
bound, and the DNA strands are
separated, the single-stranded
template necessary for
transcription is provided.
.

TATA box
2. Elongation:
One strand of DNA, the
template strand, acts as a
template for RNA polymerase.
By "reading" this template, one
base at a time, the polymerase
produces an RNA molecule from
complementary nucleotides and
forms a chain that grows from
5' to 3
3. Termination:
Sequences called terminators
indicate that the RNA transcript
has been completed. Once
transcribed, these sequences cause
the transcript to be released from
RNA polymerase.
To think…
From the following base sequence corresponding to a fragment of a
gene
3' ATATATGTTAAA 5'
5' TATATACAATTT 3'
Indicates what the sequence of the mRNA corresponding to the
lower strand of this fragment will be.
To think…
F

The following strand of RNA was produced:


5' CGA GUG AAU CGU UAA 3'
What are the nucleotides of the template DNA for this
RNA?
Webgraphy:
•https://es.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/gene-expression-and-
regulation/transcription-and-rna-processing/a/overview-of-
transcription
•https://accessmedicina.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?
s bookid=1473&sectionid=102742768
•chromeextension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.
ucm.es/data/cont/media/www/pag-56185/09-
Procesos%20gen%C3%A9ticos%20de%20la%20s%C3%ADntesis%20de%
20prote%C3%ADnas-la%20transcripci%C3%B3n.pdf
chromeextension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://ocw.un
ican.es/pluginfile.php/715/course/section/397/Tema%25207C-
Bloque%2520I-Transcripcion.
•chromeextension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://ocw.uni
can.es/pluginfile.php/715/course/section/397/Tema%25207C-
Bloque%2520I-Transcripcion.pdf
•chromeextension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://persona
l.us.es/csm/docs/teoria/Tema%2016.Transcripcion.pdf
chromeextension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://japt.es/b
io2bach/AN_EXPRESIONGENICA/transcripcion.pdf

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