24PH101 - Engineering Physics - IAT – 1 – Question Bank

Part – A – 2 Marks

1. What is center of mass?

Answer: If the mass of the entire particles in the object is concentrated at a particular point,
that point is called as centre of mass.
2. Explain the Poisson’s ratio.
Answer: It is defined as the ratio between the lateral strain per unit stress (𝛽) to the
longitudinal strain per unit stress (α), within the elastic limits.
(i.e) Poisson’s ratio (σ) = lateral strain/longitudinal strain (or) σ = 𝛽 /α.

3. State the Hooke’s law.

Answer: It states that “within the elastic limit, stress in a body is directly proportional to
strain produced on it”. Stress ∝ Strain

Stress = Constant × Strain

𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
= E (Constant)
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛

In other words, the ratio between stress and strain is a constant.

4. Define elasticity.
Answer: The property on account of which, the body opposes the deforming forces and
regains its original shape and size on the removal of the deforming forces is called elasticity.
5. List out the types of strains.
Answer: According to the changes in length or area or volume, there are three types of
strains namely,
(i). Linear strain – change in length per unit volume
(ii). Shearing strain – change in area per unit area
(iii). Volume or bulk strain – change in volume per unit volume.
6. Illustrate the characteristics of damped oscillations.
Answer: Characteristic of a damped oscillation
(i) Amplitude of oscillation is not a constant
(ii) There is dissipation of energy
(iii) Small changes are produced in the frequency of oscillation
7. What is the Seebeck effect?
Answer: The Seebeck effect is a fundamental thermoelectric phenomenon that describes the
generation of an electric voltage across two dissimilar conductors or semiconductors when
there is a temperature difference between their junctions.
8. Give the outline of Doppler effect.
Answer: The phenomenon of the apparent change in the frequency of the sound due to relative
motion between the source of sound and the observer is called Doppler effect.

9. Write short notes on stationary waves.

Answer: When two progressive waves of same amplitude and wavelength traveling along a
straight line in opposite directions superimpose on each other, stationary waves are formed.

10. Define ultrasound.

Answer: Ultrasound refers to sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit
of human hearing, typically above 20,000 hertz (Hz). These high-frequency sound waves have
a wide range of applications in various fields, most notably in medical imaging, industrial
testing, and scientific research.

11. Define moment of inertia.

Answer: Moment of inertia is defined as the property of a rigid body by which it opposes any change
in its rotational state of motion about a given axis.
12. Write the outline of viscous drag.
Answer: Viscous drag is the drag force felt by an object moving through a fluid due to the viscosity
of the fluid. Viscosity is an innate property of fluids, and, as an object moves through a fluid, this
innate property can either help or hinder the motion of the object.
13. Define surface tension.
Answer: Surface tension is the tendency of a liquid’s surface to shrink into the smallest possible area
when it’s at rest. It’s caused by the attraction between liquid molecules, which is stronger than the
attraction between the liquid molecule and the molecules in the air. The SI unit of surface tension is
N/m.
14. What is mean by elastic limit?
Answer: The maximum stress up to which a body exhibits the property of elasticity is called
elastic limit or limit of elasticity.
15. List out the advantages of I shape girders.
Answer:
❖ Less material is required.
❖ I - beam is nearly as strong as a solid rectangular beam.
❖ Its weight is considerably less.
❖ A bulky rectangular steel beam may bend under its own weight.
16. What do you mean by intensity level of sound?
Answer: The intensity level of sound is a measure of how loud a sound is and it is typically expressed
in decibels (dB). The sound intensity level (L) in decibels (dB) is calculated using the following
𝐼
logarithmic formula: L = 10 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝐼
0
L – is the sound intensity level in decibels (dB),
I – is the intensity of the sound wave (w/m2),
I0 – is the reference sound intensity.
17. Define resonance.
Answer: If the frequency of the external periodic force is equal to the natural frequency of oscillation
of the system, we get oscillations of larger amplitude. This is known as resonance. Amplitude
becomes larger if the two frequencies are exactly equal to each other.
18. Write short notes on echolocation.
Answer: Echolocation is a biological or technological process used by certain animals (like bats,
dolphins and whales) and some human technologies to navigate and detect objects in their
environment using sound waves. It involves sending out sound waves and interpreting the echoes
that bounce back from objects.
19. Distinguish between heat conduction and convection.
Answer:
Heat Conduction Heat Convection
Conduction is the transfer of heat within a Convection is the transfer of heat between a solid
solid or between solid objects that are in surface and a fluid that is in motion. It involves the
direct contact due to the vibration and bulk movement of the fluid and the mixing of
movement of molecules and free electrons different temperature regions.
Example: The heat transfer rate through the Example: Heat transfer between a hot metal
walls of a building. surface and air moving over it.
20. List out the application of ultrasound in medicine.
Answer:
❖ Obstetrics: Ultrasound is commonly used to monitor fetal development during pregnancy.
❖ Cardiology: Echocardiography uses ultrasound to visualize the heart, measure its function,
and detect abnormalities.
❖ Abdominal Imaging: Ultrasound is used to view organs such as the liver, kidneys,
gallbladder, and pancreas.
❖ Vascular Imaging: Doppler ultrasound measures blood flow through arteries and veins,
helping to detect blockages, clots, or vascular diseases.

Part – B – 16 Marks

1. Discuss the stress-strain diagram for ductile and brittle materials.

2. Derive an expression for depression at the free end of a cantilever due to load. Describe an
experiment to determine the Young’s modulus of the cantilever material using this expression.
3. (i). Derive the equation for kinetic energy and moment of inertia of a rigid body.
(ii). Find out the moment of inertia of a uniform rod rotating about its center of mass.
4. Describe with necessary theory, the method of determining the Young’s modulus of the material
of the beam of rectangular cross-section by bending it non-uniformly. Describe an experiment to
determine Young’s modulus of a beam by non-uniform bending.
5. Deduce an expression for the couple to produce a unit twist in a long cylindrical wire fixed at
one end. How is it used in the determination of modulus of rigidity of a wire?
6. Derive an expression for the internal bending moment of a beam in terms of radius of curvature.
Find internal bending moment for rectangular and circular cross section beam.
7. Derive an expression for the elevation at the center of a beam which is loaded at both ends.
Describe an experiment to determine Young’s modulus of a beam by uniform bending.
8. Discuss in detail about I-Shape girders with applications and its applications in engineering field.

9. (i). Explain in detail about bimetallic strip.

(ii). Discuss about the expansion in joints.
10. (i). Discuss the phenomenon of sharpness of resonance.
(ii). Explain about modes of Heat Transfer and Their Rates.
11. Derive an expression for time period of torsion pendulum. Explain how it is used to find rigidity
modulus of a wire.
12. Define damped oscillation. Explain the differential equation and its solution to damped
oscillations.
13. Discuss in detail about the Doppler Effect.
14. Define simple harmonic motion. Derive the expressions for displacement, velocity, acceleration,
and time period of a particle executing SHM.
15. (i). Write in detail about the Seebeck effect.
(ii). Write short notes on heat transfers in rate of conduction, convection and radiation.
16. Explain in detail about thermal expansion.