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Exposé d'Anglais

The document outlines a presentation on the theme of violence, covering its definition, causes, consequences, and prevention strategies. It identifies individual, social, cultural, and political factors contributing to violence, as well as the physical, psychological, social, and economic damages it causes. The conclusion emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to address violence and promote peace.

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6 views

Exposé d'Anglais

The document outlines a presentation on the theme of violence, covering its definition, causes, consequences, and prevention strategies. It identifies individual, social, cultural, and political factors contributing to violence, as well as the physical, psychological, social, and economic damages it causes. The conclusion emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to address violence and promote peace.

Uploaded by

samuelmalonga25
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LYCEE ANTOINE NDIGNA OBA Année Scolaire 2023-

2024
************
Département de L.V.E
************
Class: Second C
********

ENGLISH ORAL

Theme : VIOLENCE

Group n°2
Group members :
 ONGOMBE Paulina Jeanie
 IBATA Emilie
 NIANGA Elenga Bien-aimé
 MALONGA Samuel

Teacher :
The Big Time
Presentation plan

I- Introduction
II- Development
1. Definition of violence
2. Causes of violence
2.1- Individual factors
2.2- Social factors
2.3- Cultural factors
2.4- Political factors
3. Consequences of violence
3.1- Physical damage
3.2- Psychological damage
3.3- Social damage
3.4- Economic damage
4. Prevention and intervention
4.1- Education and Awareness
4.2- Early Intervention
4.3- Policy Reform
4.4- Community Development Programs
4.5- Victim Support
III- Conclusion
II- Development
1. Definition of violence
Violence can be defined as the intentional use of physical, psychological, or symbolic force
against oneself, others, or a group. It can take many forms, such as physical, verbal,
psychological, economic, or structural violence.

2. Causes of violence
The causes of violence are manifold and often interconnected, resulting from a complex
combination of individual, social, cultural, and political factors.
2.1- Individual factors
- Mental disorders: Conditions like personality disorders, schizophrenia, or conduct
disorders can increase the risk of violent behavior in certain individuals.
- Impulsivity and aggressiveness: Individuals with impulsive tendencies or an aggressive
temperament may have difficulty controlling their reactions in conflict situations, leading to
violent behavior.
- Exposure to violence: Individuals who have witnessed or been victims of violence in their
childhood have a higher risk of perpetrating violent acts as adults, often through mimicry or
as a means of resolving conflicts.

2.2- Social factors


- Poverty and economic inequalities: Disadvantaged communities often face difficult
living conditions, which can lead to social tensions and increased crime and violence.
- Social exclusion: Marginalized or socially excluded individuals may feel frustrated and
powerless, which can drive them to resort to violence as a means of expression or assertion.
- Breakdown of family structures: Unstable or dysfunctional families may not provide a
safe and stable environment for their members, contributing to violent behavior in children
and adolescents.

2.3- Cultural factors


- Social norms favoring violence: In some cultures, violence may be seen as a legitimate
means of resolving conflicts or maintaining social order, encouraging its acceptance and
perpetuation.
- Glorification of strength: Media, music, and other forms of popular culture may
sometimes glorify violence and present aggressive behavior as role models, influencing
individuals' attitudes and behaviors.

2.4- Political factors


- Political instability: Societies plagued by political instability, armed conflicts, or
corruption may face high levels of violence, as institutions tasked with maintaining law and
order and justice may be weakened or corrupted.
- Oppression and injustice: Political oppression, ethnic or religious discrimination, and
social injustice can engender feelings of indignation and anger, which can manifest in acts of
violence against oppressors or other groups.
3. Consequences of violence
The consequences of violence can be profound and long-lasting, affecting individuals,
communities, and societies as a whole.
3.1- Physical damage
- Severe injuries: Physical violence can result in serious injuries such as fractures, burns,
deep cuts, or even internal injuries, which may require urgent and prolonged medical care.
- Permanent disabilities: In severe cases, violence can lead to permanent physical
disabilities such as paralysis, loss of limbs, or severe head trauma, impairing the quality of life
of victims.
- Mortality: Some forms of violence, such as homicides, wars, or terrorist acts, can result in
the deaths of victims, causing immense grief and leaving families and communities bereaved.

3.2- Psychological damage


- Anxiety and depressive disorders: Victims of violence may develop anxiety disorders,
such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as depressive disorders, which can
impair their daily functioning and emotional well-being.
- Diminished self-esteem: Violence can significantly impact the self-esteem of victims,
making them feel powerless, unworthy, or blameful, which can affect their self-confidence
and ability to thrive in life.
- Cycle of violence: Individuals exposed to violence may reproduce these behavior patterns
in their own interpersonal relationships, perpetuating the cycle of violence within the family
and society.

3.3- Social damage


- Breakdown of family ties: Violence can destroy family and social relationships, causing
divisions, conflicts, and traumas that may be difficult to overcome.
- Stigmatization and social exclusion: Victims of violence may be stigmatized and
marginalized by society due to the negative perception associated with their experience of
violence, leading to their isolation and social exclusion.
- Disruption of social cohesion: Violence can undermine trust and solidarity within
communities, creating divisions and tensions that hinder social and economic development.

3.4- Economic damage


- Medical costs: The medical care required to treat injuries caused by violence can result in
considerable financial costs for individuals, families, and healthcare systems.
- Loss of productivity: Victims of violence may be unable to work due to physical injuries
or psychological disorders, resulting in loss of income and decreased economic productivity.
- Destruction of infrastructure: Armed conflicts and community violence can damage
essential infrastructure such as schools, hospitals, roads, and businesses, compromising the
economic and social development of affected regions.

4. Prevention and intervention


Preventing violence requires a holistic and multidimensional approach. This includes:
4.1- Education and Awareness
Promote education and awareness at all levels of society about the harmful consequences of
violence, as well as peaceful alternatives for resolving conflicts.

4.2- Early Intervention


Identify and intervene early in risk situations by providing support to individuals and families
facing social, economic, or psychological difficulties.

4.3- Policy Reform


Implement effective public policies to prevent violence, such as stricter gun control laws,
disarmament programs, and measures to combat domestic violence.

4.4- Community Development Programs


Invest in community development programs aimed at strengthening social ties, reducing
marginalization, and improving the living conditions of vulnerable populations.

4.5- Victim Support


Establish support services for victims of violence, including shelters for victims of domestic
violence, counseling services, and social reintegration programs.

III- Conclusion
In short, violence is a complex problem that requires a comprehensive and coordinated
approach to be effectively addressed. By understanding its causes, consequences, and
appropriate prevention strategies, we can work together to create a more peaceful and just
world.

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