SUCCESS ACADEMY

XI SCI PHYSICS Date : 22/01/25

Total Marks : 100 Worksheet ch 5 to 9 2 hr
Section A

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//X
• Write the answer of the following questions. [Each carries 1 Mark] [100]

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1. Explain work done by a constant force.
2. When is the work done by a force is positive and negative ?
3. When is the work done on the body said to be zero ?

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4. R) Prove F = - dV for conservative force.

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dx
5. Explain the conservation of mechanical energy for a free fall body.
6. Explain the elastic potential energy of spring. Explain work done by spring.

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7. Write a note on Power.
8. Discuss the completely inelastic collision in one dimension.

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m2 m1 + m2

m1 v1i
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Bullet of Gun
v2i = 0 vf
Wooden Block Combined system
Before collision After collision
9. Obtain expression for velocities of the two bodies after elastic collision in one dimension.
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m1 m2 m1 m2
Horizontal Surface
10. Discuss elastic collision in two dimension.
Y
v1f
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v1f sinq1

v1f cosq1
m1 m2 q1
X
v1i v2i = 0 q2
v2f cosq2
v2f sinq2

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v2f

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11. Find the angle between force F = (3 iˆ + 4 ĵ – 5 k̂ ) unit and displacement d = (5 iˆ + 4 ĵ + 3 k̂ ) unit. Also
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find the projection of F on d .

12. It is well known that a raindrop falls under the influence of the downward gravitational force and the
opposing resistive force. The latter is known to be proportional to the speed of the drop but is otherwise
undetermined. Consider a drop of mass 1.00 g falling from a height 1.00 km. It hits the ground with a speed
of 50.0 ms–1. (a) What is the work done by the gravitational force ? (b) What is the work done by the
unknown resistive force ?

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13. In a ballistics demonstration a police officer fires a bullet of mass 50.0 g with speed 200 ms–1 (see Table
5.2) on soft plywood of thickness 2.00 cm. The bullet emerges with only 10 % of its initial kinetic energy.
What is the emergent speed of the bullet ?
14. A bob of mass m is suspended by a light string of length L . It is imparted a horizontal velocity v0 at
the lowest point A such that it completes a semicircular trajectory in the vertical plane with the string

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becoming slack only on reaching the topmost point, C. This is shown in figure. Obtain an expression

æ KB ö

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for (i) v0 (ii) the speeds at points B and C (iii) the ratio of the kinetic energies ç
è K C ø÷
at B and C.

Comment on the nature of the trajectory of the bob after it reaches the point C.
C

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mg
TC

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B

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L

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TA
v0
A mg

15. The potential energy function for a particle executing linear simple harmonic motion is given by
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kx 2
V( x) = where k is the force constant of the oscillator. For k = 0.5 Nm–1, the graph of V(x) versus
2
x is shown in figure. Show that a particle of total energy 1 J moving under this potential must ‘turn
back’ when it reaches x = ± 2 m.
V(x)
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x
16. A body of mass 2 kg initially at rest moves under the action of an applied horizontal force of 7 N
on a table with coefficient of kinetic friction = 0.1. Compute the
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(a) work done by the applied force in 10 s.

(b) work done by friction in 10 s.
(c) work done by the net force on the body in 10 s.
(d) change in kinetic energy of the body in 10 s and interpret your results.
17. An electron and a proton are detected in a cosmic ray experiment, the first with kinetic energy 10
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keV, and the second with 100 keV. Which is faster, the electron or the proton ? Obtain the ratio of
their speeds. (electron mass = 9.11× 10–31 kg, proton mass = 1.67×10–27 kg, 1 eV = 1.60 ×10–19 J).
18. A rain drop of radius 2 mm falls from a height of 500 m above the ground. It falls with decreasing
acceleration (due to viscous resistance of the air) until at half its original height, it attains its maximum
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(terminal) speed, and moves with uniform speed thereafter. What is the work done by the gravitational
force on the drop in the first and second half of its journey ? What is the work done by the resistive force in
the entire journey if its speed on reaching the ground is 10 ms–1 ?

19. A molecule in a gas container hits a horizontal wall with speed 200 ms–1 and angle 30° with the normal,
and rebounds with the same speed. Is momentum conserved in the collision ? Is the collision elastic
or inelastic ?

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20. A pump on the ground floor of a building can pump up water to fill a tank of volume 30 m3 in 15 min.
If the tank is 40 m above the ground, and the efficiency of the pump is 30%, how much electric power
is consumed by the pump ?
21. The bob A of a pendulum released from 30° to the vertical hits another bob B of the same mass at
rest on a table as shown in figure. How high does the bob A rise after the collision ? Neglect the size

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of the bobs and assume the collision to be elastic.

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30°

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m
m

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B

22. The bob of a pendulum is released from a horizontal position. If the length of the pendulum is 1.5
m, what is the speed with which the bob arrives at the lowermost point, given that it dissipated 5%

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of its initial energy against air resistance ?
1.5 m
O A

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B

23. The blades of a windmill sweep out a circle of area A. (a) If the wind flows at a velocity v
perpendicular to the circle, what is the mass of the air passing through it in time t ? (b) What is the
kinetic energy of the air ? (c) Assume that the windmill converts 25% of the wind’s energy into
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electrical energy, and that A = 30 m2, v = 36 km/h and the density of air is 1.2 kg m–3. What is the
electrical power produced ?
24. A person trying to lose weight (dieter) lifts a 10 kg mass, one thousand times, to a height of 0.5 m
each time. Assume that the potential energy lost each time she lowers the mass is dissipated. (a)
How much work does she do against the gravitational force ? (b) Fat supplies 3.8 ´ 107J of energy
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per kilogram which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20 % efficiency rate. How much fat will
the dieter use up ?
25. A family uses 8 kW of power. (a) Direct solar energy is incident on the horizontal surface at an average
rate of 200 W per square meter. If 20% of this energy can be converted to useful electrical energy, how
large an area is needed to supply 8 kW ? (b) Compare this area to that of the roof of a typical house.
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26. Obtain an expression for the position vector of centre of mass of a system of n particles in one
dimension.
27. Write the expression of centre of mass of a system of ‘ n’ particles and derive the formula of force
acting on its centre of mass.
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28. What is torque ? Explain the torque acting on a particle.

29. Explain work done by torque.
30. Obtain t = Ia from angular momentum of rigid body.
31. Find the centre of mass of three particles at the vertices of an equilateral triangle. The masses of the
particles are 100g, 150g, and 200g respectively. Each side of the equilateral triangle is 0.5m long.

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32. Find the centre of mass of a uniform L-shaped lamina (a thin flat plate) with dimensions as shown.
The mass of the lamina is 3 kg.
33. A cord of negligible mass is wound round the rim of a fly wheel of mass 20 kg and radius 20 cm.
A steady pull of 25 N is applied on the cord as shown in figure. The flywheel is mounted on a
horizontal axle with frictionless bearings.

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(a) Compute the angular acceleration of the wheel.
(b) Find the work done by the pull, when 2m of the cord is unwound.

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(c) Find also the kinetic energy of the wheel at this point. Assume that the wheel starts from rest.
(d) Compare answers to parts (b) and (c).

In the HCl molecule, the separation between the nuclei of the two atoms is about 1.27 Å

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34.
(1 Å = 10–10 m). Find the approximate location of the CM of the molecule, given that a chlorine
atom is about 35.5 times as massive as a hydrogen atom and nearly all the mass of an atom is

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concentrated in its nucleus.
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35. Show that the area of the triangle contained between the vectors a and b is one half of the
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magnitude of a ´ b .

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36. A non-uniform bar of weight W is suspended at rest by two strings of negligible weight as shown

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in figure. The angles made by the strings with the vertical are 36.9° and 53.1° respectively. The bar
is 2 m long. Calculate the distance d of the centre of gravity of the bar from its left end.
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53.1°
36.9°
2m
W
2-d
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37. A car weighs 1800 kg. The distance between its front and back axles is 1.8 m. Its centre of gravity
is 1.05 m behind the front axle. Determine the force exerted by the level ground on each front wheel
and each back wheel.
38. Torques of equal magnitude are applied to a hollow cylinder and a solid sphere, both having the
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same mass and radius. The cylinder is free to rotate about its standard axis of symmetry, and the
sphere is free to rotate about an axis passing through its centre. Which of the two will acquire a
greater angular speed after a given time.
39. A solid cylinder of mass 20 kg rotates about its axis with angular speed 100 rad s–1. The radius of the
cylinder is 0.25 m. What is the kinetic energy associated with the rotation of the cylinder? What is the
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magnitude of angular momentum of the cylinder about its axis ?

40. A rope of negligible mass is wound round a hollow cylinder of mass 3 kg and radius 40 cm. What is
the angular acceleration of the cylinder if the rope is pulled with a force of 30 N ? What is the linear
acceleration of the rope ? Assume that there is no slipping.

To maintain a rotor at a uniform angular speed of 200 rad s–1, an engine needs to transmit a torque
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41.
of 180 N m. What is the power required by the engine ? (Note: uniform angular velocity in the
absence of friction implies zero torque. In practice, applied torque is needed to counter frictional
torque). Assume that the engine is 100% efficient.
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42. From a uniform disk of radius R, a circular hole of radius is cut out. The centre of the hole is at
2
R
from the centre of the original disc. Locate the centre of gravity of the resulting flat body..
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 R
From a uniform disk of radius R, a circular hole of radius is cut out. The centre of the hole is at
2
R
from the centre of the original disc. Locate the centre of gravity of the resulting flat body..
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43. A metre stick is balanced on a knife edge at its centre. When two coins, each of mass 5 gm are put
one on top of the other at the 12.0 cm mark, the stick is found to be balanced at 45.0 cm. What
is the mass of the metre stick ?
The oxygen molecule has a mass of 5.30 ´ 10–26 kg and a moment of inertia of 1.94 ´ 10–46 kg m2

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44.
about an axis through its centre perpendicular to the lines joining the two atoms. Suppose the

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mean speed of such a molecule in a gas is 500 m/s and that its kinetic energy of rotation is of
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its kinetic energy of translation. Find the average angular velocity of the molecules.
45. State and prove Kepler’s second law (Law of Areas) of planetary motion.

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46. Write the Kepler law of period (Kepler’s third law) for planetary motion.

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47. Obtain an expression of acceleration produced by gravity of earth.
48. Derive the equation for variation of g due to height from the surface of earth.
49. ) Derive the equation of g at depth d below the surface of earth.

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d Earth
m
P

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r

O
ME RE
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50. Obtain an equation of orbital time-period of a satellite revolves around the earth.
51. Explain escape energy and derive formula of escape speed.
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52. In one of the satellites of Jupiter has an orbital period of 1.769 days and the radius of the orbit is
4.22 × 108 m. Show that the mass of Jupiter is about one-thousandth that of the sun.
53. Let us assume that our galaxy consists of 2.5 ´ 1011 stars each of one solar mass. How long will a
star at distance of 50,000 light year from the galactic centre take to complete one revolution ? Take
the diameter of the milky way to be 105 light year. #
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54. A rocket is fired from the earth towards the sun. At what distance from the earth’s centre is the
gravitational force on the rocket zero ? Mass of the sun = 2 ´ 1030 kg mass of the earth = 6 ´ 1024 kg.
Neglect the effect of other planets etc. (orbital radius = 1.5 ´ 1011 m).
55. How will you ‘weigh the sun’, that is estimate its mass ? The mean orbital radius of the earth around
the sun is 1.5 ´ 108km.
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56. On Saturn year is 29.5 times the earth year. How far is the Saturn from the sun if the earth is 1.50
´ 108 km away from the sun ?
57. A body weighs 63 N on the surface of the earth. What is the gravitational force on it due to the earth
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at a height equal to half the radius of the earth ?

58. Assuming the earth to be a sphere of uniform mass density, how much would a body weigh half way
down to the centre of the earth if it weighed 250 N on the surface ?

59. A rocket is fired vertically with a speed of 5 km s–1 from the earth’s surface. How far from the earth does
the rocket go before returning to the earth ? Mass of the earth = 6.0 × 1024 kg; mean radius of the earth
= 6.4 × 106 m; G = 6.67 × 10–11 Nm2 kg–2.

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60. The escape speed of a projectile on the earth’s surface is 11.2 km s–1. A body is projected out with
thrice this speed. What is the speed of the body far away from the earth? Ignore the presence of the
sun and other planets.
61. A satellite orbits the earth at a height of 400 km above the surface. How much energy must be
expended to rocket the satellite out of the earth’s gravitational influence? Mass of the satellite = 200

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kg; mass of the earth = 6.0× 1024 kg; radius of the earth = 6.4 × 106 m; G = 6.67 × 10–11 Nm2 kg–2.

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62. Two stars each of one solar mass (= 2 × 1030 kg) are approaching each other for a head on collision.
When they are a distance 109 km, their speeds are negligible. What is the speed with which they
collide ? The radius of each star is 104 km. Assume the stars to remain undistorted until they collide.
(Use the known value of G).

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63. Two heavy spheres each of mass 100 kg and radius 0.10 m are placed 1.0 m apart on a horizontal

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table. What is the gravitational force and potential at the mid point of the line joining the centres
of the spheres ? Is an object placed at that point in equilibrium? If so, is the equilibrium stable or
unstable ?
What is strain ? Explain longitudinal strain (e).

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64.

65. For given material draw longitudinal stress ® longitudinal strain, explain various parts of graph.

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66. What is Young’s modulus and write its SI unit and dimensional formula.
67. Explain Shear Modulus. OR Explain Modulus of rigidity.
68. Explain Bulk Modulus.
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69. A steel wire of length 4.7 m and cross-sectional area 3.0 × 10–5 m2 stretches by the same amount
as a copper wire of length 3.5 m and cross-sectional area of 4.0 × 10–5 m2 under a given load. What
is the ratio of the Young’s modulus of steel to that of copper ?
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70. Two wires of diameter 0.25 cm, one made of steel and the other made of brass are loaded as shown
in figure. The unloaded length of steel wire is 1.5 m and that of brass wire is 1.0 m. Compute the
elongations of the steel and the brass wires.

1.5 m
Steel
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4.0 kg
1.0 m
Brass
6.0 kg

71. The edge of an aluminium cube is 10 cm long. One face of the cube is firmly fixed to a vertical wall.
A mass of 100 kg is then attached to the opposite face of the cube. The shear modulus of aluminium
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is 25 GPa. What is the vertical deflection of this face ?

72. Four identical hollow cylindrical columns of mild steel support a big structure of mass 50,000 kg. The inner
and outer radii of each column are 30 and 60 cm respectively. Assuming the load distribution to be
uniform, calculate the compressional strain of each column.
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73. A piece of copper having a rectangular cross-section of 15.2 mm ´ 19.1 mm is pulled in tension with
44,500 N force, producing only elastic deformation. Calculate the resulting strain. YCu = 1.2 ´ 1011 N/m2.
74. A rigid bar of mass 15 kg is supported symmetrically by three wires each 2.0 m long. Those at each end
are of copper and the middle one is of iron. Determine the ratios of their diameters if each is to have
the same tension.
YCu = 1.2 ´ 1011 N m–2, YFe = 1.9 ´ 1011 N m–2
RigidThink Physics But Logically
support
Copper Iron Copper
wire wire wire
 are of copper and the middle one is of iron. Determine the ratios of their diameters if each is to have
the same tension.
YCu = 1.2 ´ 1011 N m–2, YFe = 1.9 ´ 1011 N m–2
Rigid support
Copper Iron Copper
wire wire wire
m = 15 kg

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mg

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75. A 14.5 kg mass, fastened to the end of a steel wire of unstretched length 1.0 m, is whirled in a vertical
circle with an angular velocity of 2 rev/s at the bottom of the circle. The cross-sectional area of the wire
is 0.065 cm 2. Calculate the elongation of the wire when the mass is at the lowest point of its path.
[YSteel = 2 ´ 1011 N m–2]

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76. Compute the bulk modulus of water from the following data: Initial volume = 100.0 litre, Pressure

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increase = 100.0 atm (1 atm = 1.013 × 105 Pa), Final volume = 100.5 litre. Compare the bulk modulus
of water with that of air (at constant temperature). Explain in simple terms why the ratio is so large.
77. What is the density of water at a depth where pressure is 80.0 atm, given that its density at the surface is

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1.03 × 103 kgm–3 ? Compressibility of water 45.8 ´ 10–11 Pa–1. [1 Pa = 1 Nm–2]
78. A structural steel rod has a radius of 10 mm and a length of 1.0 m. A 100 kN force stretches it along its length.

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Calculate (a) stress, (b) elongation and (c) strain on the rod. Young’s modulus of structural steel is 2.0 ´ 1011
N m –2 .
79. A copper wire of length 2.2 m and a steel wire of length 1.6 m, both of diameter 3.0 mm, are connected
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end to end. When stretched by a load, the net elongation is found to be 0.70 mm. Obtain the load
applied.
Young’s modulus of copper YC = 1.1 ´ 1011 Nm–2, Young’s modulus of steel YS = 2.0 ´ 1011 Nm–2.
80. In a human pyramid in a circus, the entire weight of the balanced group is supported by the legs of
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a performer who is lying on his back. The combined mass of all the persons performing the act, and
the tables, plaques etc. involved is 280 kg. The mass of the performer lying on his back at the bottom
of the pyramid is 60 kg. Each thighbone (femur) of this performer has a length of 50 cm and an effective
radius of 2.0 cm. Determine the amount by which each thighbone gets compressed under the extra
load. (g = 9.8 ms–2)
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Young’s Modulus for bone Y = 9.4 ´ 109 Nm–2.

81. A square lead slab of side 50 cm and thickness 10 cm is subject to a shearing force (on its narrow face)
of 9.0 ´ 104 N. The lower edge is riveted to the floor. How much will the upper edge be displaced ? Shear
modulus of lead G = 5.6 ´ 109 N/m2.
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DV
82. The average depth of Indian Ocean is about 3000 m. Calculate the fractional compression, of
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water at the bottom of the ocean, given that the bulk modulus of water is

2.2 ´ 109 N m–2. (Take g = 10 m s–2)

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83. State and prove Pascal’s law.

84. Discuss the variation of pressure with depth or Derive equation pressure due to fluid column of
height h and density r.
85. Explain Hydrostatic Paradox.
86. Write stokes’ law.

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87. Derive an equation for excess of pressure (pressure difference) inside the drop and bubble.
88. Explain angle of contact in the context of intermolecular forces.
89. R) Obtain Bernoulli’s equation for steady, incompressible, irrotational and viscous liquid.

90. When a container open to atmosphere, obtain the velocity of liquid coming out of the narrow hole
from the wall of container by using Bernoulli’s equation and obtain Torricelli’s law.

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91. A 50 kg girl wearing high heel shoes balances on a single heel. The heel is circular with a diameter

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1.0 cm. What is the pressure exerted by the heel on the horizontal floor ?
92. Torricelli’s barometer used mercury. Pascal duplicated it using French wine of density
984 kg m–3. Determine the height of the wine column for normal atmospheric pressure.

A vertical offshore structure is built to withstand a maximum stress of 109 Pa. Is the structure suitable

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93.
for putting up on top of an oil well in the ocean ? Take the depth of the ocean to be roughly 3 km, and
ignore ocean currents.

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94. A hydraulic automobile lift is designed to lift cars with a maximum mass of 3000 kg. The area of cross-
section of the piston carrying the load is 425 cm2. What maximum pressure would the smaller piston
have to bear ?

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95. A U-tube contains water and methylated spirit separated by mercury. The mercury columns in the
two arms are in level with 10.0 cm of water in one arm and 12.5 cm of spirit in the other. What is

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the specific gravity of spirit ?
96. In the previous problem, if 15.0 cm of water and spirit each are further poured into the respective
arms of the tube, what is the difference in the levels of mercury in the two arms ? (Specific gravity
of mercury = 13.6)
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97. Glycerine flows steadily through a horizontal tube of length 1.5 m and radius 1.0 cm. If the amount
of glycerine collected per second at one end is 4.0 ´ 10–3 kg s–1, what is the pressure difference
between the two ends of the tube ? (Density of glycerine = 1.3 ´ 103 kg m–3 and viscosity of glycerine
= 0.83 Pa s). [You may also like to check if the assumption of laminar flow in the tube is correct].
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98. In a test experiment on a model aeroplane in a wind tunnel, the flow speeds on the upper and
lower surfaces of the wing are 70 ms–1 and 63 ms–1 respectively. What is the lift on the wing if its
area is 2.5 m2 ? Take the density of air to be 1.3 kg m–3.
99. What is the pressure inside the drop of mercury of radius 3.00 mm at room temperature ? Surface
tension of mercury at that temperature (20 °C) is 4.65 ´ 10–1 Nm–1. The atmospheric pressure is 1.01
´ 105 Pa. Also give the excess pressure inside the drop.
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100. What is the excess pressure inside a bubble of soap solution of radius 5.00 mm, given that the surface
tension of soap solution at the temperature (20° C) is 2.50 ´ 10 –2 Nm –1 ?
If an air bubble of the same dimension were formed at depth of 40.0 cm inside a container
containing the soap solution (of relative density 1.2), what would be the pressure inside the bubble
? (1 atmospheric pressure is 1.01 ´ 105 Pa).
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