Chapter 2

Electronic Products,
Systems and Equipment
IEIA 12

Advincula, Vince
 THE SPECIFIC NAMES
• This chapter highlights the significance of understanding
precise names for tools, components, wire types, and symbols
in electronics, emphasizing their importance for effective
communication and job success.
 By USE
• A good way to begin learning names is to know what an
item is used for, Is it used in the home, the office, or the
shop? Does it work by itself or is it connected to other items
in some sort of combination? Is it used to produce something
or to test something else? Categorizing items by use is one
good way to remember what they are named.
 By USE
• Understanding electronics by categorizing items by use,
function, and product is crucial for building knowledge in the
field. Home entertainment devices like stereos, televisions,
and radios vary by type, quality, and manufacturer.
 By TYPE and BRAND NAME
• Electronics products can also be categorized by brand
names, which indicate cost, size, capabilities, and quality.
Preferences often depend on quality, so it’s essential to
research and understand the most common brands and the
reasons behind their popularity.
 By PRICE and Quality
• Two items may look the same, but one may cost many times
the other. In electronics, cost is usually based on need. If you
need the best results, then you must pay extra for them. And
you must remember that in electronics, as in many other areas,
the net quality of a group of assembled items is limited by the
lowest-quality part.
• The cost-quality trade-off is crucial in electronics, with
high-quality items often being more expensive due to their
advanced capabilities, and the overall quality of a system is
limited by its lowest-quality component.
 Electronic Products

• Electronic products are items that operate on

electronic principles and are assembled into a
single unit. While all electronic items are
electrical, not all electrical items are electronic.
Understanding this distinction is essential for
identifying and working with electronic products.
 Reason a Product is Electronic

• Electronic products enhance efficiency,

durability, and performance by replacing
mechanical parts with transistors, resulting in
faster, smaller, and more affordable devices
with greater data-processing capabilities.
 Products for the Home

• Electronics has revolutionized home life with

faster cooking devices, advanced alarm systems,
and personal computers, highlighting the
industry's continuous growth and opportunities
in design, manufacturing, and service.
 Products for the Office

● The electronics industry has revolutionized office

operations with devices like computers, electronic
copiers, and paging devices, streamlining tasks like
document duplication, communication, and note-taking,
improving efficiency in the business world.
 Products for the Automotive Industry

● The automotive industry is witnessing a significant

shift towards electronic devices, offering
opportunities for those with electronics training,
especially in automotive service, to stay updated
on new technologies.
 Electronic Systems

● A system is a group of interconnected parts that work

together to perform a common function. In electronics, as
in other fields, understanding how different components
interact within a system is essential for ensuring the
overall function of larger systems, like a car's drive,
electrical, or cooling systems.
 Electronic Systems
Example:

● The function of an automobile is to transport an

individual from one location to another. The engine,
transmission, and rear axle join together to form the drive
system of the car. These parts must all work together to
perform the overall function of the drive system.
 Electronic Systems
Example:

● The function of an automobile is to transport an

individual from one location to another. The engine,
transmission, and rear axle join together to form the drive
system of the car. These parts must all work together to
perform the overall function of the drive system.
 Inputs and Outputs

● The function of an automobile is to transport an

individual from one location to another. The engine,
transmission, and rear axle join together to form the drive
system of the car. These parts must all work together to
perform the overall function of the drive system.
 System Concept

● Understanding the systems concept is key in electronics

for troubleshooting. Knowing the inputs, processes, and
outputs of a system helps identify where problems arise.
For example, poor sound in a stereo system points to
issues in earlier stages, like the amplifier or turntable, and
requires a systematic approach with test equipment to
resolve.
 Systems within Systems

● Understanding systems and subsystems is crucial for

troubleshooting. By recognizing how parts like the
turntable in a stereo function within the larger system, you
can logically pinpoint problems to specific subsystems
without relying on theory. This approach aids in effective
problem localization and resolution.
 Closed-Loop Systems
● One good example of a closed-loop system is the home heating
system shown in Figure 2-3. It begins with a thermostat, which
the homeowner sets. The thermostat is followed by a furnace
and radiators or other devices that warm up the air in the room.
The input is a thermostat setting. and the output is the warm air
What makes this a closed-loop system is the addition of anothe
device, a sensor inside the thermostat that detects when the
desired temperature is reached.
 Electronic Equipment
● Electronic equipment, whether fixed or portable, is used
for testing and troubleshooting electronics, and can be
general-purpose or specific-purpose, designed for
accuracy in specific functions.
 Common Test Equipment
● Electronic equipment, whether fixed or portable, is used
for testing and troubleshooting electronics, and can be
general-purpose or specific-purpose, designed for
accuracy in specific functions.
 Chapter 3:

Occupational Safety
IEIA 12

Antonino, Axel Iverson

 Personal Safety
• Safety is a primary concern in every occupation, because
the possibility of being injured exists in most jobs. It is
important to know what to do in case of an accident. It is
more important to know how to avoid accidents. In many
accidents, it doesn't matter what you do afterwards; by
then, it's too late. The point to be stressed is accident
prevention.
• Electrical shock can kill you. The amount of
electricity that is fatal depends on many conditions.

• As an electronics worker, you can get shocks,

burns, cuts, or foreign matter in your eyes while
just sitting and working at your bench.
 Accident Prevention
• Calling someone accident-prone is a nice way of saying
that they are careless. Consider almost any two-car crash.
Would it have happened if both drivers were paying
attention, driving with regard for the conditions, and
driving properly maintained cars? Not likely. Most
accidents are a result of negligence and are not accidental,
a result of bad luck. Most accidents are avoidable.
 Accident Prevention
• When wiring at a bench, you must wear safety glasses to
prevent solder or cut wire-from your work or from that of
persons working near you-from getting in your eyes.

The ways to avoid accidents vary from one work situation to

another. Here are a few general considerations:
1. Pay attention to what you are doing.
2. Do not rush.
3. Keep your bench and work area clean.
4. Wear safety glasses when appropriate.
 Accident Prevention
5. Work in a well-ventilated area.
6. Know the characteristics of the circuits you
are working on.
7. Know the characteristics of the chemicals
you are working with.
8. Do not work with faulty tools or equipment.
 What to Do in Case of Accident
Regardless of how careful we are, accidents do occur. When they do,
there is one thing to keep in mind. Do not make the situation worse
follow these rules:

1. Do not touch anyone undergoing electrical shock. If you cannot turn

off or disconnect the circuit, move the person with a board or other non
conducting material.
2. Do not move a person unless his or her life is threatened by
remaining in that position. Let trained persons do the moving.
3. Have the injured person lay down and relax until help comes so that
he or she does not faint or fall.
 What to Do in Case of Accident
3. After the injured person is attended to, you should
take some additional steps:

1. Report the accident to your supervisor and fill out

all of the appropriate accident report forms.
2. Reconsider your work habits
 Safety of Others
● The safety of those around you is greatly
affected by your work habits. While you must
protect yourself, of course, you also should not
create hazards for those around you.
 Taking Precautions

"Look before you leap"

 Taking Precautions
For example, small children are warned to look both ways before
crossing the street. You must learn to take the same attitude
whenever you are working with electricity. Never plug in or
otherwise activate a circuit without knowing everything that may be
connected to it. You could shock someone who is working on
another device operated by the same power source.
 Cleaning the Work Area
● Develop the habit of cleaning up your work area
when you are finished with a project. A clean
work area makes a good appearance.
 What You Work With
● The chance of an accident occurring depends on
how you approach a task. Being careful in the
procedures that you select is one way to avoid
accidents. Choosing the proper tool is also a
critical step since the wrong tool could break or
cause damage.
 Proper Tools and Procedures
● Electronics workers use a variety of tools and
test instruments. Each item has been designed
for a specific purpose. Thus, it is important to
use the right tool for the right job. In other
words, screwdrivers are for turning screws, not
for chiseling things apart. Wire cutters should
not be used for pulling or cutting nails
 Adequate Maintenance
● The new tools and equipment that you work with
will not remain new forever.
● Lubrication of equipment is a special concern.
Most equipment needs lubrication to ensure long
life, and it also needs correct lubrication. The
wrong lubrication could be more harmful than
none at all.
 What You Work On
● Another safety responsibility is to be
careful of the things that you work on. You
should not cause damage or make existing
problems worse than they already are.
 Occupational Safety and Health Act
● The Labor Department's Occupational Safety
and Health Administration, called OSHA, has
the responsibility for establishing working
standards, conducting inspections, and enforcing
rules.
 Occupational Safety and Health Act
● The Labor Department's Occupational Safety
and Health Administration, called OSHA, has
the responsibility for establishing working
standards, conducting inspections, and enforcing
rules.
 Occupational Safety and Health Act
● One initial concern of OSHA was the working
environment. Were shops well illuminated? Did they
provide fresh air and comfortable temperatures? Did
they eliminate or reduce excessive noise? OSHA was
also concerned about tools and machinery. Were the
tools safe to work with? Was there enough room
between machines?
 What It Means to You
● The safety act is so extensive and complex that it is
difficult to totally understand it. But there is no need
to know it all. What you need is a good understanding
of your rights and responsibilities under OSHA. It
applies to electronics workers, some points can be
discussed.
 What It Means to Your Employer
● One of your employer's responsibilities is to ensure
safe working conditions and procedures. Your
employer should also ensure that you know the safety
procedures that you must follow. While employers do
not have to stand behind workers to make sure that
they keep their safety glasses on, employers can
penalize workers who violate the rules.
 Chapter 2 & 3:
IEIA 12

Advincula, Vince
Antonino, Axel Iverson