Grammar World 4-- Ch21
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megamind publicationGrammar World 4-- Ch21
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megamind publication21 Conjunctions
At the end of this chapter, students will be able to:
identify the conjunctions used in sentences.
use suitable conjunctions to link sentences together.
Fill in the blanks with suitable conjunctions (joining words).
1. He is tall ____________ his brother is short. (but/and)
2. Rohini was late to school ____________ she woke up late. (but/because)
3. Kriti is honest ____________ kind. (but/and)
4. Would you prefer tea ____________ coffee? (or/and)
5. Work hard ____________ you will fail. (but/or)
6. His singing has improved ____________ he practices daily. (so/because)
Read the following sentences:
1. Sally went to meet Harry, but he was not there.
(Sally went to meet Harry. + He was not there.)
2. Fruits and vegetables are good for health.
(Fruits are good for health. + Vegetables are good for health.)
3. Suraj was tired, so he decided to take some rest.
(Suraj was tired. + He decided to take some rest.)
4. He studied very hard, yet he failed the test.
(He studied very hard. + He failed the test.)
5. I would like a bicycle for commuting to school.
(I would like a bicycle. + I would use it to commute to school.)
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In the above sentences, the highlighted words help us to join words, phrases or sentences.
They are called conjunctions.
A conjunction is a word that joins or connects words, phrases or sentences.
It is also known as a joining word.
Let us go through the following table and have a look at the usage and examples of the
conjunctions—and, but, or, nor, because, for, yet and so.
Conjunction Usage Examples
And is used to connect ´´ My father and my mother are
words or parts of teachers.
and sentences that have
similar ideas or related ´´ We went to the theatre and
ideas. enjoyed the movie.
But is used to join ´´ My father speaks Hindi, but my
two words, ideas or mother does not.
but
sentences that are ´´ Rohan went to the theatre but
opposite in nature. forgot to carry his ticket.
´´ We can go to Srinagar or Shimla
Or is used to show for summer vacation.
or
choice. ´´ Would you like sandwiches or
paratha for breakfast?
´´ She does not like to sing nor
Nor is used to join two does she like to dance.
nor
negative ideas. ´´ He did not have any tea nor did
he have any coffee.
Because/For is used to
tell the reason for an ´´ We missed the flight, because
action. we were stuck in traffic.
because/for
For is also used to tell ´´ Suraj wanted to wear a kurta for
the motive behind the function.
something.
Yet is used to show two ´´ Nakul was tired, yet he kept on
yet
contrasting ideas. working.
So is used to tell us the ´´ I worked hard, so I got good
so
result of something. marks.
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A. Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct option from the brackets.
1. My father is tall ____________ my mother is short. (yet/so/but)
2. Would you like a sandwich ____________ paratha for breakfast? (or/so/but)
3. I have a fever ____________ a terrible headache. (or/for/and)
4. Pooja studied hard, ____________ she did not succeed. (yet/so/and)
5. Jim was happy ____________ he won the race. (yet/because/so)
6. I love cakes, ____________ I baked one. (but/so/yet)
7. Rohan is sad ____________ his parents have gone to Patna. (because/so/but)
8. Rahul is hardworking ____________ his brother is lazy. (or/so/but)
9. I wanted a break, ____________ I took a day off. (because/so/but)
10. Pia worked very hard ____________ the competition. (for/because/so)
Read the following sentences:
1. We can either eat now or after the movie.
2. Mukul’s pet dog is either brown or black.
3. Neither my mother nor my father attended the function.
4. You can neither go by bus nor by taxi. They are both inefficient.
In the above sentences, the highlighted words are used in pairs to join words, phrases or
sentences. They are also conjunctions. They are called correlative conjunctions.
B. Combine the following pairs of sentences using either...or or neither...nor.
1. He cooks dinner. She cooks dinner.
______________________________________________________________
2. She can have tea. She can have coffee.
______________________________________________________________
3. He did not come. He did not call.
______________________________________________________________
4. He wasn’t wearing a shirt. He wasn’t wearing a coat.
______________________________________________________________
5. If you need help, you can ask Zayn. If you need help, you can ask Zia.
______________________________________________________________
6. Sarah doesn’t like pizza. Sarah doesn’t like pasta.
______________________________________________________________
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C. Choose the correct option.
1. The conjunction ____________ means ‘in addition to’.
a. and b. or c. but
2. The conjunction ____________ implies a choice between two options.
a. and b. or c. but
3. The conjunction ____________ means ‘for that reason’.
a. and b. because c. but
4. The conjunction ____________ is used to join opposite ideas.
a. and b. or c. but
5. The conjunction ____________ is used to tell us the result of something.
a. so b. yet c. but
NCF C-2.1
Work in pairs for this activity. Your partner will start a story with a simple sentence like:
The little rabbit hopped into the garden...
Now it’s your turn! Think about what might happen next.
´´ What do you see in your mind?
´´ What could the rabbit do?
´´ What might happen to the rabbit?
Add to the story using one of these conjunctions—and, but, because or so.
For example,
´´ Student 1: The little rabbit hopped into the garden...
´´ Student 2: ...because he smelled fresh carrots!
Now, reverse your roles and move the story forward.
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