I hope you are all revising your syllabus and the assignments fully.

This
is in continuation with the previous class assignments which are given
to you by your class teachers. No part should be left untouched. I have
also provided the check list to you all. Remember NCERT first.
a) Chapter–2: Units and Measurements Need for measurement: Units of measurement;
systems of units; SI units, fundamental and derived units. significant figures. Dimensions of
physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications.
b) Chapter–3: Motion in a Straight Line Frame of reference, Motion in a straight line,
Elementary concepts of differentiation and integration for describing motion, uniform and
non uniform motion, and instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity -
time and position-time graphs. Relations for uniformly accelerated motion (graphical
treatment)
c) Chapter–4: Motion in a Plane Scalar and vector quantities; position and displacement
vectors, general vectors and their notations; equality of vectors, multiplication of vectors by
a real number; addition and subtraction of vectors, Unit vector; resolution of a vector in a
plane, rectangular components, Scalar and Vector product of vectors. Motion in a plane,
cases of uniform velocity and uniform acceleration projectile motion, uniform circular
motion.
d) Chapter–5: Laws of Motion Intuitive concept of force, Inertia, Newton's first law of motion;
momentum and Newton's second law of motion; impulse; Newton's third law of motion.
Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications. Equilibrium of concurrent
forces, Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction, lubrication. Dynamics of
uniform circular motion: Centripetal force, examples of circular motion (vehicle on a level
circular road, vehicle on a banked road
e) Chapter–6: Work, Energy and Power Work done by a constant force and a variable force;
kinetic energy, work energy theorem, power. Notion of potential energy, potential energy
of a spring, conservative forces: non-conservative forces, motion in a vertical circle; elastic
and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.
f) Chapter–7: System of Particles and Rotational Motion Centre of mass of a two-particle
system, momentum conservation and Centre of mass motion. Centre of mass of a rigid
body; centre of mass of a uniform rod. Moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, law
of conservation of angular momentum and its applications. Equilibrium of rigid bodies,
 rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion, comparison of linear and rotational
motions. Moment of inertia, radius of gyration, values of moments of inertia for simple
geometrical objects (no derivation).
g) Chapter–8: Gravitation Kepler's laws of planetary motion, universal law of gravitation.
Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth. Gravitational
potential energy and gravitational potential, escape speed, orbital velocity of a satellite.
h) Chapter–9: Mechanical Properties of Solids Elasticity, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's
law, Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus of rigidity (qualitative idea only),
Poisson's ratio; elastic energy.
i) Chapter–10: Mechanical Properties of Fluids Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law
and its applications (hydraulic lift and hydraulic brakes), effect of gravity on fluid pressure.
Viscosity, Stokes' law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, critical velocity,
Bernoulli's theorem and its simple applications. Surface energy and surface tension, angle
of contact, excess of pressure across a curved surface, application of surface tension ideas to
drops, bubbles and capillary rise.
j) Chapter–11: Thermal Properties of Matter Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; thermal
expansion of solids, liquids and gases, anomalous expansion of water; specific heat
capacity; Cp, Cv - calorimetry; change of state - latent heat capacity. Heat transfer-
conduction, convection and radiation, thermal conductivity, qualitative ideas of Blackbody
radiation, Wein's displacement Law, Stefan's law.
k) Chapter–12: Thermodynamics Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature, zeroth
law of thermodynamics, heat, work and internal energy. First law of thermodynamics,
second law of thermodynamics: gaseous state of matter, change of condition of gaseous
state -isothermal, adiabatic, reversible, irreversible, and cyclic processes.
l) Chapter–13: Kinetic Theory Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done in compressing a
gas. Kinetic theory of gases - assumptions, concept of pressure. Kinetic interpretation of
temperature; rms speed of gas molecules; degrees of freedom, law of equi-partition of
energy (statement only) and application to specific heat capacities of gases; concept of mean
free path, Avogadro's number.
m) Chapter–14: Oscillations Periodic motion - time period, frequency, displacement as a
function of time, periodic functions and their applications. Simple harmonic motion
(S.H.M) and its equations of motion; phase; oscillations of a loaded spring- restoring force
and force constant; energy in S.H.M. Kinetic and potential energies; simple pendulum
derivation of expression for its time period.
n) Chapter–15: Waves Wave motion: Transverse and longitudinal waves, speed of travelling
wave, displacement relation for a progressive wave, principle of superposition of waves,
reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and
harmonics, Beats.
1. Calculate the velocity and displacement at t=2s if it has acceleration given by a = 4t. Given
that the particle was at rest at t=0.
2. Give the location of the centre of mass of a (i) sphere, (ii) cylinder, (iii) ring, and (iv) cube,
each of uniform mass density. Does the centre of mass of a body necessarily lie inside the
body?
3. A cylinder with a movable piston contains 3 moles of hydrogen at standard temperature
and pressure. The walls of the cylinder are made of a heat insulator, and the piston is
insulated by having a pile of sand on it. By what factor does the pressure of the gas increase
if the gas is compressed to half its original volume?
4. Explain the condition of equilibrium.
5. A truck of mass 2×104kg travelling at 0.5 ms-1 collides with another truck of half its mass
moving in the opposite direction with a velocity of 0.4 ms-1, if the trucks couple
automatically on collision, calculate the common velocity with which they move. (Ans. 0.2
ms-1)
6. Explain the motion of the lift.

7. What Is Poisson’s Ratio?

Poisson’s ratio is “the ratio of transverse contraction strain to longitudinal extension strain
in the direction of the stretching force.” When a material is stretched in one direction, it
tends to compress in the direction perpendicular to that of force application and vice versa.
The measure of this phenomenon is given in terms of Poisson’s ratio. For example, a rubber
band tends to become thinner when stretched. For most materials, the value of Poisson’s
ratio lies in the range, 0 to 0.5.

Poisson’s ratio is Positive for Tensile deformation.

8. Derive the expression for the energy stored in the spring and draw the graph between the
restoring force and the displacement.
9. Derive the expression for the displacement, velocity, acceleration, force ,kinetic energy ,
potential energy and total energy of the particle in SHM and show that energy is conserved
in SHM.
10. State the three laws of motion and give one example to explain each.
11. A bomb explodes into three equal pieces which move at right angle to each other. If the two
have velocity v each then find the velocity of the third.
12. A plane is in level flight at constant speed and each of its wings has an area of 25 m2. If the
speed of the air is 180 km/h over the lower wing and 234 km/h over the upper wing
surface, determine the plane’s mass. (Take air density to be 1 kg/m3), g = 9.8 m/s2.
Answer:

13. Explain the formation of standing waves in case of a string also in case of organ pipes.
What are nodes and antinodes? Write their properties.
14. A thermodynamic system is taken from an original state to an intermediate state by the
linear process shown in Fig. Its volume is then reduced to the original value from E to F by
an isobaric process. Calculate the total work done by the gas from D to E to F.
Answer:

15. A non-uniform bar of weight W is suspended at rest by two strings of negligible weight as
shown in Fig. The angles made by the strings with the vertical are 36.9° and ‘ 53.2°
respectively. The bar is 2 m long. Calculate the distance d of the centre of gravity of the bar
from its left end.

Answer:
16. Show that oscillation of the bob of pendulum and block attached to the spring are harmonic
in nature.
17. Plot the corresponding reference circle for each of the following simple harmonic motions.
Indicate the initial (t = 0) position of the particle, the radius of the circle, and the angular
speed of the rotating particle. For simplicity, the sense of rotation may be fixed to be anti-
clockwise in every case:
(x is in cm and t is in s) x = – 2 sin (3t + π /3)
Answer:

18. Explain circular motion and show that centripetal force is mv2/r.
19. Which of the following function of time represent (a) simple harmonic, (b) periodic but not
simple harmonic, and (c) non-periodic motion? Give period for each case of periodic
motion (to is any positive constant).
(a) sin wt – cos wt (b) sin2 wt (c) 3 cos -2 cos (π/4-2 wt) (d) cos wt + cos 3 wt + cos 5 wt
(e) exp (- w2t2) (f) 1 + wt + w2t2.
Answer: The function will represent a periodic motion, if it is identically repeated after a
fixed interval of time and will represent S.H.M if it can be written uniquely in the form of a
cos
 (e) e-w2t2 . It is an exponential function which never repeats itself. Therefore it represents
non-periodic motion.
(f) 1 + wt + w2t2 also represents non periodic motion.
20. Why is banking of roads done? Derive the expression for the safe velocity.
21. A spring balance has a scale that reads from 0 to 50 kg. The length of the scale is 20 cm. A
body suspended from this balance, when displaced and released, oscillates with a period of
0.6 s. What is the weight of the body?
Answer:
 a.

22. A cricketer can throw a ball to a maximum horizontal distance of 100 m. How much high
above the ground can the cricketer throw the same ball?
Answer:

23. The following figures correspond to two circular motions. The radius of the circle, the
period of revolution, the initial position, and the sense of revolution (i.e., clockwise or
anticlockwise) are indicated on each figure.

Obtain the corresponding simple harmonic motions of the x-projection of the radius vector
of the revolving particle P in each case.
 Answer:

a.

24. A 1 kg block situated on a rough incline is connected to a spring with spring constant 100
Nm-1 as shown in Figure. The block is released from rest with the spring in the unstretched
position. The block moves 10 cm down the incline before coming to rest. Find the
coefficient of friction between the block and the incline. Assume that the spring has
negligible mass and the pulley is frictionless.
 Answer:

25. What is the effect of (i) temperature (ii) pressure (iii) humidity (iv) wind (v) nature of the
gas on the speed of sound in air? Explain.
26. Find the moment of inertia of a sphere about a tangent to the sphere, given the moment of
inertia of the sphere about any of its diameters to be 2 MR2/5, where M is the mass of the
sphere and R is the radius of the sphere.
27. Define phase and angular velocity.
28. A transverse harmonic wave on a string is described by
y(x, t) = 3.0 sin (36 t + 0.018 x + π/4)
where x and y are in cm and t in s. The positive direction of x is from left to right.
(a) Is this a travelling wave or a stationary wave? If it is travelling, what are the speed and
direction of its propagation ?
(b) What are its amplitude and frequency?
(c) What is the initial phase at the origin?
(d) What is the least distance between two successive crests in the wave?
Answer:
29. What is the cause of excess of pressure inside the liquid drop hence explain the shape of the
meniscus?

a.
30. A solid cylinder of mass 20 kg rotates about its axis with angular speed 100 rad s-1. The
radius of the cylinder is 0.25 m. What is the kinetic energy associated with the rotation of
the cylinder? What is the magnitude of angular momentum of the cylinder about its axis?
31. A geyser heats water flowing at the rate of 3.0 litres per minute from 2 7°C to 77°C. If the
geyser operates on a gas burner, what is the rate of consumption of the fuel if its heat of
combustion is 4.0 x 104 J/g?
32. Fill in the blanks using the words from the list appended with each statement:
(a) Surface tension of liquids generally…………….with temperature. (increases/decreases)
 (b) Viscosity of gases………………..with temperature, whereas viscosity of
liquids…………..with temperature. (increases/decreases)
(c) For solids with elastic modulus of rigidity, the shearing force is proportional
to…………………..while for fluids it is proportional to…………. (shear strain/rate of shear
strain)
(d) For a fluid in steady flow, the increases inflow speed at a constriction follows
from…………………………. while the decrease of pressure there follows
from………………….(conservation of mass/Bernoulli’s principle)
(e) For the model of a plane in a wind tunnel, turbulence occurs at a…………….speed than
the critical speed for turbulence for an actual plane. (greater/smaller)
Answer: (a), decreases
(b) increases; decreases
(c) shear strain; rate of shear strain
(d) conservation of mass; Bernoulli’s principle
(e) greater.
33. What are the limitations of dimensional analysis? Write any three.
34. At what temperature is the root mean square speed of an atom in an argon gas cylinder
equal to the rms speed of a helium gas atom at -20 °C? (atomic mass of Ar = 39.9 u, of He =
4.0 u).
Answer: Let C and C’ be the rms velocity of argon and a helium gas atoms at temperature
T K and T K respectively.
Here, M = 39.9; M’ = 4.0; T =?; T = -20 + 273 = 253 K

35. State and prove the law of conservation of linear momentum with example.
36. A large steel wheel is to befitted on to a shaft of the same material. At 27 °C, the outer
diameter of the shaft is 8.70 cm and the diameter of the central hole in the wheel is, 8.69 cm.
The shaft is cooled using ‘dry ice’. At what temperature of the shaft does the wheel slip on
the shaft ? Assume coefficient of linear expansion of the steel to be constant over the
required temperature range αsteel= 1-20 x 10-5K-1.
 Answer:

37. A hunter aims at monkey. Will the bullet hit the monkey? Explain.
38. Give the magnitude and direction of the net force acting on
(a) a drop of rain falling down with a constant speed,
(b) a cork of mass 10 g floating on water,
(c) a kite skilfully held stationary in the sky,
(d) a car moving with a constant velocity of 30 km/h on a rough road,
(e) a high-speed electron in space far from all material objects, and free of electric and
magnetic fields.
Answer: (a) As the drop of rain is falling with constant speed, in accordance with first law
of motion, the net force on the drop of rain is zero.
(b) As the cork is floating on water, its weight is being balanced by the upthrust (equal
to.weight of water displaced). Hence net force on the cork is zero.
(c) Net force on a kite skilfully held stationary in sky is zero because it is at rest.
(d) Since car is moving with a constant velocity, the net force on the car is zero.
(e) Since electron is far away from all material agencies producing electromagnetic and
gravitational forces, the net force on electron is zero.
39. State the three laws of planetary motion. Suppose there existed a planet that went around
the Sun twice as fast as the Earth. What would be its orbital size as compared to that of the
Earth?
40. A body weighs 63 N on the surface of the Earth. What is the gravitational force on it due to
the Earth at a height equal to half the radius of the Earth?
41. Define escape velocity. Derive the expression for the same. Compare it with orbital velocity.
The escape speed of a projectile on the Earth’s surface is 11.2 km s-1. A body is projected out
with thrice this speed. What is the speed of the body far away from the Earth? Ignore the
presence of the Sun and other planets.
42. An air bubble of volume 1.0 cm3 rises from the bottom of a lake 40 m deep at a temperature
of 12°C. To what volume does it grow when it reaches the surface, which is at a
 temperature of 35 °C.
Answer:

43. A man of mass 70 kg, stands on a weighing machine in a lift, which is moving
(a) upwards with a uniform speed of 10 ms-1.
(b) downwards with a uniform acceleration of 5 ms-2.
(c) upwards with a uniform acceleration of 5 ms-2.
What would be the readings on the scale in each case?
(d) What would be the reading if the lift mechanism failed and it hurtled down freely under
gravity?
Answer: Here, m = 70 kg, g = 10 m/s2
The weighing machine in each case measures the reaction R i.e., the apparent weight.
(a) When the lift moves upwards with a uniform speed, its acceleration is zero.
R = mg = 70 x 10 = 700 N
(b) When the lift moves downwards with a = 5 ms-2
R = m (g – a) = 70 (10 – 5) = 350 N
(c) When the lift moves upwards with a = 5 ms-2
R = m (g + a) = 70 (10 + 5) = 1050 N
(d) If the lift were to come down freely under gravity, downward acc. a = g
:. R = m(g -a) = m(g-g) = Zero.
44. The transverse displacement of a string (clamped at its two ends) is given by y(x, t) = 0.06
sin 2π /3 x cos (120π t)
where x, y are in m and t in s. The length of the string is 1.5 m and its mass is 3 x 10-2 kg.
Answer the following:
(i) Does the function represent a travelling or a stationary wave?
(ii) Interpret the wave as a superimposition of two waves travelling in opposite directions.
 What are the wavelength, frequency and speed of propagation of each wave?
(iii) Determine the tension in the string.
Answer: The given equation is
y(x, t) = 0.06 sin 2π/3 x cos 120 πt …(1)
(i)As the equation involves harmonic functions of x and t separately, it represents a
stationary wave.

45. State the postulates of kinetic theory of gases. Derive the expression for the pressure
exerted by the gas. Also show that kinetic energy is directly proportional to the absolute
temperature. Molar volume is the volume occupied by 1 mol of any (ideal) gas at standard
temperature and pressure (STP : 1 atmospheric pressure, 0 °C). Show that it is 22.4 litres.
46. Two inclined frictionless tracks, one gradual and the other steep meet at A from where two
stones are allowed to slide down from rest, one on each track (Fig). Will the stones reach
the bottom at the same time? Will they reach there at the same speed? Explain. Given θ1 =
30°, θ2 = 60°, and h = 10 m, what are the speeds and times taken by the two stones?
 Answer:

a.

47. State and prove the law of conservation of energy using the concept of the body falling
freely under gravity.

48. Derive the expression for the rise of the liquid in the capillary tube. Give the cause of the
same. There is no overflowing of the liquid in the capillary tube when capillary tube is
insufficient height. Explain.
49. Two masses 8 kg and 12 kg are connected at the two ends of a light in extensible string that
goes over a friction less pulley. Find the acceleration of the masses, and the tension in the
string when the masses are released.
50. Following figure shows plot of PV/T versus P for 1.00 x 10-3 kg of oxygen gas at two
different temperatures.
(a) What does the dotted plot signify?
(b) Which is true : T1> T2 or T1< T2?
(c) What is the value of PV/T where the curves meet on the y-axis?
(d) If we obtained similar plots for 1.00 x 10-3 kg of hydrogen, would we get the same value
of PV/T at the point where the curves meet on the y-axis? If not, what mass of hydrogen
yields the same value of PV/T (for the low-pressure high-temperature region of the plot)
? (Molecular mass of H2 = 2.02 u, of O2 = 32.0 u, R = 8.31 J mol-1 K-1.)

Answer: (a) The dotted plot corresponds to ‘ideal’ gas behaviour as it is parallel to P-axis
and it tells that value of PV/T remains same even when P is changed.
(b) The upper position of PV/T shows that its value is lesser for T1 thus T1 > T2. This is
because the curve at T1 is more close to dotted plot than the curve at T2 Since the behaviour
of a real gas approaches the perfect gas behaviour, as the temperature is increased.
(c) Where the two curves meet, the value of PV/T on y-axis is equal to μR. Since ideal gas
equation for μ moles is PV = μRT
 a.

51. Two bodies of masses 10 kg and 20 kg respectively kept on a smooth, horizontal surface are
tied to the ends of a tight string. A horizontal force F = 600 N is applied to (i) A, (ii) B along
the direction of string. What is the tension in the string in each case?
52. A batsman deflects a ball by an angle of 45° without changing its initial speed which is
equal to 54 km/h. What is the impulse imparted to the ball? (Mass of the ball is 0.15 kg.)
Answer:

53. Explain why

(a) a horse cannot pull a cart and run in empty space,
(b) passengers are thrown forward from their seats when a speeding bus stops suddenly,
(c) it is easier to pull a lawn mower than to push it,
(d) a cricketer moves his hands backwards while holding a catch.
Answer: (a) A horse by itself cannot move in space due to law of inertia and so cannot pull
a cart in space. EXPLAIN WITH THE HELP OF DIAGRAM.
(b) The passengers in a speeding bus have inertia of motion. When the bus is suddenly
stopped the passengers are thrown forward due to this inertia of motion.
(c) In the case of pull, the effective weight is reduced due to the vertical component of the
pull. In the case of push, the vertical component increases the effective weight.
(d) The ball comes with large momentum after being hit by the batsman. When the player
takes catch it causes large impulse on his palms which may hurt the cricketer. When he
moves his hands backward the time of contact of ball and hand is increased so the force is
reduced.
54. A helicopter of mass 1000 kg rises with a vertical acceleration of 15 ms-2. The crew and the
passengers weigh 300 kg. Give the magnitude and direction of
(a) force on the floor by the crew and passengers,
(b) action of the rotor of the helicopter on surrounding air,
(c) force on the helicopter due to the surrounding air,
Answer: Here, mass of helicopter, m1= 1000 kg
Mass of the crew and passengers, m2 = 300 kg upward acceleration, a = 15 ms-2 and g = 10
ms-2
(a)Force on the floor of helicopter by the crew and passengers = apparent weight of crew
and passengers
= m2 (g + a) = 300 (10 + 15) N = 7500 N
(b)Action of rotor of helicopter on surrounding air is obviously vertically downwards,
because helicopter rises on account of reaction to this force. Thus, force of action
F = (m1+ m2) (g + a) = (1000 + 300) (10 + 15) = 1300 x 25 = 32500 N
(c)Force on the helicopter due to surrounding air is the reaction. As action and reaction are
equal and opposite, therefore, force of reaction, F = 32500 N, vertically upwards.
55. Compute the bulk modulus of water from the following data: Initial volume = 100.0 litre,
Pressure increase = 100.0 atm (1 atm = 1.013 x 105 Pa), Final volume = 100.5 litre. Compare
the bulk modulus of water with that of air (at constant temperature). Explain in simple
terms why the ratio is so large.
Answer:
 The ratio is too large. This is due to the fact that the strain for air is much larger than for
water at the same temperature. In other words, the intermolecular distances in case of
liquids are very small as compared to the corresponding distances in the case of gases.
Hence there are larger interatomic forces in liquids than in gases.
56. Explain elastic and inelastic collisions with example of each type. Derive the expression for
the velocity of the bodies after elastic collisions in one dimensions.
57. A bullet of mass 0.012 kg and horizontal speed 70 ms-1 strikes a block of wood of mass 0.4
kg and instantly comes to rest with respect to the block. The block is suspended from the
ceiling by thin wire. Calculate the height to which the block rises. Also, estimate the
amount of heat produced in the block.
Answer: Here, m1 = 0.012 kg, u1 = 70 m/s
m2 = 0.4 kg, u2 = 0
As the bullet comes to rest with respect to the block, the two behave as one body. Let v be
the velocity acquired by the combination.
Applying principle of conservation of linear momentum,
 (m1 + m2) v = m1H1 + m2u2 = m1u1

58. The position of a particle is given by

Answer:
59.

(a) At what time is the x-coordinate of the particle 16 m? What is the y-coordinate of the
particle at that time? (b) What is the speed of the particle at the time?
Answer:

60. A bullet fired at an angle of 30° with the horizontal hits the ground 3 km away. By
adjusting its angle of projection, can one hope to hit a target 5 km away? Assume the
muzzle speed to the fixed, and neglect air resistance.
Answer:
61. A steel wire of length 4.7 m and cross-sectional area 3.0 x 10-5 m2 stretches by the same
amount as a copper wire of length 3.5 m and cross-sectional area of 4.0 x 10-5 m2 under a
given load. What is the ratio of the Young’s modulus of steel to that of copper?
Answer:

62. The stress-strain graphs for materials A and B are shown in figure.

The graphs are drawn to the same scale.

(a) Which of the materials has the greater Young’s modulus?
(b) Which of the two is the stronger material?
Answer: (a) From the two graphs we note that for a given strain, stress for A is more than
that of B. Hence Young’s modulus =(Stress /Strain) is greater for A than that of B.
(b) Strength of a material is determined by the amount of stress required to cause fracture.
This stress corresponds to the point of fracture. The stress corresponding to the point of
fracture in A is more than for B. So, material A is stronger than material B.
 63. Read the ‘allowing two statements below carefully and state, with reasons, if it is true or
false.
(a) The Young’s modulus of rubber is greater than that of steel;
(b) The stretching of a coil is determined by its shear modulus.
Answer: (a) False. The-Young’s modulus is defined as the ratio of stress to the strain within
elastic limit. For a given stretching force elongation is more in rubber and quite less in steel.
Hence, rubber is less elastic than steel.
(b) True. Stretching of a coil is determined by its shear modulus. When equal and opposite
forces are applied at opposite ends of a coil, the distance, as well as shape of helicals of the
coil change and it, involves shear modulus.
64. Draw stress-strain graph and mark the important points. What is the significance of them?
65. What is orbital velocity and derive the relation between it and escape velocity when the
orbit of the satellite is close to the Earth.

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