Volume 10, Issue 1, January – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14831456

Automated Irrigation System with AI Based

Dr. Chetan Marol1 ; Supriya Khanapur2; Jyoti Rathod3;

Salauddin Mulla4; Rakshita Bajantri5
1
(Prof. Dept of Civil Engineering SIET Vijayapura)
2,3,4,5
(Department of Civil Engineering Secab Institute Engineering Technology Vijayapura)

Publication Date: 2025/02/08

Abstract: New ideas to lessen human labour in agriculture have been made possible by technological advancements,
especially in the areas of IoT, AI, and machine learning. Inefficient irrigation techniques are frequently the result of
farming in areas with unpredictable rainfall and high temperatures, which presents difficulties for the sustained
production of crops. Using IoT-based sensors, including soil moisture sensors, DHT11 sensors, and a NodeMCU
microcontroller, this study aims to develop an autonomous and reasonably priced irrigation system. The system uses a
fuzzy logic model to optimise water use based on weather forecasts, temperature, humidity, and soil moisture data.
Incorporating solar energy also minimises carbon footprints, guarantees sustainability, and lessens reliance on traditional
energy sources. The suggested system tackles the twin goals of effective water management and ecological.

Keywords: ESP8226, Humidity Sensor, DHT11 Sensor, Moisture Sensor.

How to Cite: Dr. Chetan Marol; Supriya Khanapur; Jyoti Rathod; Salauddin Mulla; Rakshita Bajantri (2025). Automated
Irrigation System with AI Based. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 10(1), 1917-1922.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14831456

I. INTRODUCTION gardeners to care for soil. Water held in the spaces between
soil particles is known as soil moisture. The water available
Agriculture is essential to the growth of the human to plants in the root zone soil moisture is commonly
population. After some people started growing one type of considered to be within the top 200 cm of soil. Moisture is
crop and depended on others for supplementary food, essential for many hydrological, biological, and
clothing, shelter, and knowledge, even the first civilisation biogeochemical processes. The central component of the
emerged swiftly. India's economy depends heavily on suggested system is measuring soil moisture. Field irrigation
agriculture, which employs more than 60% of the workforce and user satisfaction rely on the soil's water content.
and contributes around 17% of the nation's GDP. A growing Electrical conductivity (EC) quantifies how well a dissolved
population means that more food is constantly needed. substance in an aqueous solution can carry electric current,
However, our farmlands are already being used to their measured in siemens per unit area. The more dissolved
maximum capacity, thus a shift to more efficient irrigation substances present in the soil, the greater the EC. The soil's
and farming practices is required. Our study suggests a pH, similar to EC, evaluates its acidity by measuring the
method for harnessing sunlight to irrigate crops at the right concentration of hydrogen ions present. The soil pH varies
times based on a variety of climate factors and precipitation between 1 and 14, where pH values of 1-6 indicate acidity,
projections, encouraging wise water management and pH 7 is neutral, and pH levels of 8-14 are basic. The ideal pH
increasing crop output. range for most plants is between 5.5 and 7. The pH value can
be used to determine the nutrient level in the soil. The aim of
II. METHODOLOGY this project is to build an automated irrigation system that
turns the pump motor on and off according to the
An irrigation system powered by AI is designed for
efficient agricultural management, enabling farmers to A. Materials Used
address challenges. Numerous AI applications address major  Soil Moisture Sensors: Measure soil water content to
challenges like soil moisture detection, water conservation determine irrigation needs.
management, agricultural growth monitoring, and more. This
technology provides enhanced and more intelligent watering  Weather Sensors: Include temperature, humidity, and
by utilizing a network of sensors for temperature, humidity, rainfall sensors to account for environmental conditions..
and other factors that engage with the user. Through the Arduino, Raspberry Pi, ESP836 Handle sensor data and
implementation of affordable, simple-to-install sensors and control the irrigation system.
an abundance of valuable data, the Internet of Things has  Relay Modules: Switch pumps and valves on and off .
provided remarkably effective methods for farmers and

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Volume 10, Issue 1, January – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14831456

 Valves: Electric solenoid valves for controlling water C. Experimental Setup

flow. The experimental setup for an automated irrigation
system integrated with AI involves the strategic deployment
 Pumps: Deliver water to plants based on system of hardware components and software integration to achieve
commands. efficient water management. The system includes soil
moisture sensors embedded in the soil to monitor real-time
 Solar Panels: Provide renewable energy, particularly for water content, complemented by weather sensors measuring
remote areas. temperature, humidity, and rainfall, and light sensors tracking
sunlight intensity. These sensors are connected to a central
 Battery Packs: Store energy to power the system during microcontroller, such as an Arduino or Raspberry Pi, which
the night or cloudy conditions. serves as the system's brain, processing the data. Electric
 Bylank app; To determine the moisture and humidity solenoid valves, controlled by relay modules, regulate water
temperature of soil. flow through drip irrigation tubes or sprinklers, ensuring
precise water delivery to plants. The entire setup is powered
B. AI And Control Software by solar panels with battery storage for sustainable and
uninterrupted operation. Communication modules like Wi-Fi
 Machine Learning Models: Predict water requirements remote monitoring and control via IoT platforms, while
based on historical and real-time data. machine learning algorithms hosted on cloud or edge
computing devices predict irrigation schedules based on
 IoT Platforms: Manage sensor data, send alerts, and allow historical and real-time data. A user-friendly mobile app or
remote monitoring. Examples: AWS IoT, Google IoT web dashboard provides a seamless interface for system
Core, Thingspeak. management. To ensure reliability, waterproof enclosures
protect sensitive electronics, and structural supports like
 Mobile Apps/Web Dashboards: User interfaces to control mounting poles secure the sensors and solar panels. This
and monitor the system. experimental setup replicates real-world agricultural
conditions, allowing for testing and optimization of the AI-
driven irrigation system's performance in conserving water
and enhancing crop yields.

Fig 1 :-Experimental Setup for an AI-Driven Automated Irrigation System.

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

In order to optimise water consumption based on crop requirements, ambient circumstances, and historical data, an AI-
integrated automated irrigation system frequently makes use of sensors, machine learning models, and decision-making
algorithms. A graph is usually included in such a system to show the irrigation's effectiveness, performance, or outcomes. Farmers
would be able to increase agricultural yield and preserve water by using this gadget model. Begonia plants in Kanchipuram, Tamil
Nadu, have their 24-hour temperature, humidity, rainfall pattern, and soil moisture data regularly monitored. Since the moisture
level drops the highest during this time, the engine is only turned on once, at 3:30 pm and 5:30 am, to water the plant.

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Volume 10, Issue 1, January – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14831456

A. Environmental Factor

Fig 2 (a) Graph Representing Humidity of the Region Taken Using DHT11 Sensor (b) Graph Representing Temperature of the
Region Taken using DHT11 Sensor (c) Graph Representing soil Moisture from the Plant Taken using Soil Moisture Sensor.

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Volume 10, Issue 1, January – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14831456

Fig. 3 The Visualizations for the Automated Irrigation System

B. Soil Moisture and Irrigation Response

The blue line shows soil moisture levels throughout the day. The orange and red dashed lines represent the minimum (60%)
and maximum (80%) thresholds for soil moisture. Green bars indicate when irrigation is active (soil moisture below 60%).

C. Combined Environmental Factors

This graph shows how soil moisture, humidity, and temperature vary together over time

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Volume 10, Issue 1, January – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14831456

Fig. 4 Analysis of Soil Moisture and Water Usage in AI-Based Irrigation

 Blue Line irrigation requirements, and execute controlled water delivery

Represents the soil moisture percentage over the days of efficiently. By integrating renewable energy sources like
a month. It demonstrates how irrigation events maintain solar panels, the system ensures sustainability and
moisture within an optimal range. adaptability for remote applications. The results indicate that
such a setup not only conserves water but also enhances crop
 Green Dashed Line health and productivity, offering a scalable and eco-friendly
Indicates water usage in liters over the same period, solution to modern agricultural challenges.
reflecting varying needs based on soil and environmental
conditions. FUTURE SCOPE

The graph illustrates the relationship between soil The future scope of AI-driven automated irrigation
moisture levels and water usage in an AI-based irrigation systems lies in their potential to revolutionize sustainable
system over 30 days. The blue line represents soil moisture as agriculture through advanced integration and scalability.
a percentage, showing fluctuations influenced by irrigation Future developments could include the incorporation of
events and natural conditions. The system maintains soil advanced AI models for predictive analytics, leveraging real-
moisture within an optimal range (approximately 30% to time satellite imagery and big data to refine irrigation
70%) to ensure healthy crop growth. Peaks in moisture levels strategies further. Enhanced IoT connectivity using 5G and
correspond to irrigation or rainfall events, while gradual edge computing could improve system responsiveness and
declines reflect water absorption and evaporation The green enable broader deployment in remote and resource-
dashed line shows water usage in liters, indicating the constrained areas. Integration with autonomous robotics for
amount of water applied daily by the irrigation system. Water precision planting, fertilization, and weeding could create
usage varies based on soil moisture requirements, fully automated agricultural ecosystems. Furthermore, these
demonstrating the system's ability to adapt to changing systems can be adapted for diverse crops and climates,
environmental conditions. For instance, less water is used on addressing global food security challenges while minimizing
days when soil moisture is higher or when rain is forecasted. environmental impact. The inclusion of blockchain
This adaptive approach highlights the efficiency and technology for secure data sharing and resource tracking
precision of the based system in conserving water while offers additional avenues for innovation.
ensuring adequate hydration for crops.
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IV. CONCLUSION
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Volume 10, Issue 1, January – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14831456

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